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Singh R, Pathak S, Jain K, Noorjahan, Kim SK. Correlating the Dipolar Interactions Induced Magneto-Viscoelasticity and Thermal Conductivity Enhancements in Nanomagnetic Fluids. Small 2023; 19:e2205741. [PMID: 37246272 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effective thermal management of electronic system holds the key to maximize their performance. The recent miniaturization trends require a cooling system with high heat flux capacity, localized cooling, and active control. Nanomagnetic fluids (NMFs) based cooling systems have the ability to meet the current demand of the cooling system for the miniaturized electronic system. However, the thermal characteristics of NMFs have a long way to go before the internal mechanisms are well understood. This review mainly focuses on the three aspects to establish a correlation between the thermal and rheological properties of the NMFs. First, the background, stability, and factors affecting the properties of the NMFs are discussed. Second, the ferrohydrodynamic equations are introduced for the NMFs to explain the rheological behavior and relaxation mechanism. Finally, different theoretical and experimental models are summarized that explain the thermal characteristics of the NMFs. Thermal characteristics of the NMFs are significantly affected by the morphology and composition of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in NMFs as well as the type of carrier liquids and surface functionalization that also influences the rheological properties. Thus, understanding the correlation between the thermal characteristics of the NMFs and rheological properties helps develop cooling systems with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Saurabh Pathak
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Komal Jain
- Indian Reference Materials Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Noorjahan
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Sang-Koog Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
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Guzmán-Mínguez JC, Granados-Miralles C, Kuntschke P, de Julián Fernández C, Erokhin S, Berkov D, Schliesch T, Fernández JF, Quesada A. Remanence Increase in SrFe 12O 19/Fe Exchange-Decoupled Hard-Soft Composite Magnets Owing to Dipolar Interactions. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2097. [PMID: 37513108 PMCID: PMC10386164 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the search for improved permanent magnets, fueled by the geostrategic and environmental issues associated with rare-earth-based magnets, magnetically hard (high anisotropy)-soft (high magnetization) composite magnets hold promise as alternative magnets that could replace modern permanent magnets, such as rare-earth-based and ceramic magnets, in certain applications. However, so far, the magnetic properties reported for hard-soft composites have been underwhelming. Here, an attempt to further understand the correlation between magnetic and microstructural properties in strontium ferrite-based composites, hard SrFe12O19 (SFO) ceramics with different contents of Fe particles as soft phase, both in powder and in dense injection molded magnets, is presented. In addition, the influence of soft phase particle dimension, in the nano- and micron-sized regimes, on these properties is studied. While Fe and SFO are not exchange-coupled in our magnets, a remanence that is higher than expected is measured. In fact, in composite injection molded anisotropic (magnetically oriented) magnets, remanence is improved by 2.4% with respect to a pure ferrite identical magnet. The analysis of the experimental results in combination with micromagnetic simulations allows us to establish that the type of interaction between hard and soft phases is of a dipolar nature, and is responsible for the alignment of a fraction of the soft spins with the magnetization of the hard. The mechanism unraveled in this work has implications for the development of novel hard-soft permanent magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrián Quesada
- Electroceramic Department, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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García‐Acevedo P, González‐Gómez MA, Arnosa‐Prieto Á, de Castro‐Alves L, Piñeiro Y, Rivas J. Role of Dipolar Interactions on the Determination of the Effective Magnetic Anisotropy in Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2203397. [PMID: 36509677 PMCID: PMC9929252 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Challenging magnetic hyperthermia (MH) applications of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles require detailed knowledge of the effective anisotropy constant (Keff ) to maximize heat release. Designing optimal MH experiments entails the precise determination of magnetic properties, which are, however, affected by the unavoidable concurrence of magnetic interactions in common experimental conditions. In this work, a mean-field energy barrier model (ΔE), accounting for anisotropy (EA ) and magnetic dipolar (ED ) energy, is proposed and used in combination with AC measurements to a specifically developed model system of spherical magnetic nanoparticles with well-controlled silica shells, acting as a spacer between the magnetic cores. This approach makes it possible to experimentally demonstrate the mean field dipolar interaction energy prediction with the interparticle distance, dij , ED ≈ 1/dij 3 and obtain the EA as the asymptotic limit for very large dij . In doing so, Keff uncoupled from interaction contributions is obtained for the model system (iron oxide cores with average sizes of 8.1, 10.2, and 15.3 nm) revealing to be 48, 23, and 11 kJ m-3 , respectively, close to bulk magnetite/maghemite values and independent from the specific spacing shell thicknesses selected for the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo García‐Acevedo
- NANOMAG LaboratoryApplied Physics DepartmentMaterials Institute (iMATUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela15782Spain
| | - Manuel A. González‐Gómez
- NANOMAG LaboratoryApplied Physics DepartmentMaterials Institute (iMATUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela15782Spain
| | - Ángela Arnosa‐Prieto
- NANOMAG LaboratoryApplied Physics DepartmentMaterials Institute (iMATUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela15782Spain
| | - Lisandra de Castro‐Alves
- NANOMAG LaboratoryApplied Physics DepartmentMaterials Institute (iMATUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela15782Spain
| | - Yolanda Piñeiro
- NANOMAG LaboratoryApplied Physics DepartmentMaterials Institute (iMATUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela15782Spain
| | - José Rivas
- NANOMAG LaboratoryApplied Physics DepartmentMaterials Institute (iMATUS)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela15782Spain
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4
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. Rep Prog Phys 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Bender P, Wetterskog E, Salazar-Alvarez G, Bergström L, Hermann RP, Brückel T, Wiedenmann A, Disch S. Shape-induced superstructure formation in concentrated ferrofluids under applied magnetic fields. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:1613-1621. [PMID: 36570658 PMCID: PMC9721326 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The field-induced ordering of concentrated ferrofluids based on spherical and cuboidal maghemite nanoparticles is studied using small-angle neutron scattering, revealing a qualitative effect of the faceted shape on the interparticle interactions as shown in the structure factor and correlation lengths. Whereas a spatially disordered hard-sphere interaction potential with a short correlation length is found for ∼9 nm spherical nanoparticles, nanocubes of a comparable particle size exhibit a more pronounced interparticle interaction and the formation of linear arrangements. Analysis of the anisotropic two-dimensional pair distance correlation function gives insight into the real-space arrangement of the nanoparticles. On the basis of the short interparticle distances found here, oriented attachment, i.e. a face-to-face arrangement of the nanocubes, is likely. The unusual field dependence of the interparticle correlations suggests a field-induced structural rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Bender
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Erik Wetterskog
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - German Salazar-Alvarez
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,Ångström Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden,Center for Neutron Scattering, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raphael P. Hermann
- JCNS-2, PGI-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany,Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Sabrina Disch
- Department of Chemistry, Universität zu Köln, 50935 Köln, Germany,Correspondence e-mail:
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Rizvi MH, Wang R, Schubert J, Crumpler WD, Rossner C, Oldenburg AL, Fery A, Tracy JB. Magnetic Alignment for Plasmonic Control of Gold Nanorods Coated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2203366. [PMID: 35679599 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles that can be manipulated with magnetic fields are of interest for advanced optical applications, diagnostics, imaging, and therapy. Alignment of gold nanorods yields strong polarization-dependent extinction, and use of magnetic fields is appealing because they act through space and can be quickly switched. In this work, cationic polyethyleneimine-functionalized superparamagnetic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited on the surface of anionic gold nanorods coated with bovine serum albumin. The magnetic gold nanorods (MagGNRs) obtained through mixing maintain the distinct optical properties of plasmonic gold nanorods that are minimally perturbed by the magnetic overcoating. Magnetic alignment of the MagGNRs arising from magnetic dipolar interactions on the anisotropic gold nanorod core is comprehensively characterized, including structural characterization and enhancement (suppression) of the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance and suppression (enhancement) of the transverse surface plasmon resonance for light polarized parallel (orthogonal) to the magnetic field. The MagGNRs can also be driven in rotating magnetic fields to rotate at frequencies of at least 17 Hz. For suitably large gold nanorods (148 nm long) and Fe3 O4 NPs (13.4 nm diameter), significant alignment is possible even in modest (<500 Oe) magnetic fields. An analytical model provides a unified understanding of the magnetic alignment of MagGNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedi H Rizvi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ruosong Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Schubert
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - William D Crumpler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Christian Rossner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amy L Oldenburg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Chair for Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph B Tracy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Sánchez EH, Vasilakaki M, Lee SS, Normile PS, Andersson MS, Mathieu R, López-Ortega A, Pichon BP, Peddis D, Binns C, Nordblad P, Trohidou K, Nogués J, De Toro JA. Crossover From Individual to Collective Magnetism in Dense Nanoparticle Systems: Local Anisotropy Versus Dipolar Interactions. Small 2022; 18:e2106762. [PMID: 35689307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dense systems of magnetic nanoparticles may exhibit dipolar collective behavior. However, two fundamental questions remain unsolved: i) whether the transition temperature may be affected by the particle anisotropy or it is essentially determined by the intensity of the interparticle dipolar interactions, and ii) what is the minimum ratio of dipole-dipole interaction (Edd ) to nanoparticle anisotropy (Kef V, anisotropy⋅volume) energies necessary to crossover from individual to collective behavior. A series of particle assemblies with similarly intense dipolar interactions but widely varying anisotropy is studied. The Kef is tuned through different degrees of cobalt-doping in maghemite nanoparticles, resulting in a variation of nearly an order of magnitude. All the bare particle compacts display collective behavior, except the one made with the highest anisotropy particles, which presents "marginal" features. Thus, a threshold of Kef V/Edd ≈ 130 to suppress collective behavior is derived, in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. This translates into a crossover value of ≈1.7 for the easily accessible parameter TMAX (interacting)/TMAX (non-interacting) (ratio of the peak temperatures of the zero-field-cooled magnetization curves of interacting and dilute particle systems), which is successfully tested against the literature to predict the individual-like/collective behavior of any given interacting particle assembly comprising relatively uniform particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena H Sánchez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Marianna Vasilakaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology NCSR "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 153 10, Greece
| | - Su Seong Lee
- NanoBio Lab, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 31 Biopolis Way, #09-01, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Peter S Normile
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Mikael S Andersson
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75121, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Roland Mathieu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala, 751 03, Sweden
| | - Alberto López-Ortega
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, 31006, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, 31006, Spain
| | - Benoit P Pichon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, France
| | - Davide Peddis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di, Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova, 1-16146, Italy
- Istituto di Structura della Materia-CNR, Monterotondo Scalo (RM), 00015, Italy
| | - Chris Binns
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Per Nordblad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala, 751 03, Sweden
| | - Kalliopi Trohidou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology NCSR "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 153 10, Greece
| | - Josep Nogués
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - José A De Toro
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
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Fabbrizzi L. Beyond the Molecule: Intermolecular Forces from Gas Liquefaction to X-H⋅⋅⋅π Hydrogen Bonds. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100243. [PMID: 34730880 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest toward molecule-molecule interactions developed during the first half of the 19th century with studies on gas liquefaction. In 1869, Andrews carried out the first accurate study on the effects of temperature and pressure on the behaviour of real gases, and in 1873, van der Waals formulated an equation capable of accounting for critical phenomena of each individual gas The nature of the intermolecular forces responsible for aggregation of gases was investigated in the early 20th century by Keesom and Debye (electrostatic interactions between dipoles) and by London (interaction between instantaneous dipoles, studied by quantum mechanics). The hydrogen bond theory, a particular case of dipolar interaction, originated in the 1920s in Berkeley in the institute directed by G. N. Lewis. Later it was made clear that hydrogen bonding is responsible for the aggregation of most biological systems, from proteins to nucleic acids. This Perspective describes the most significant steps through which the science of intermolecular interactions has progressed over the last two centuries, revisiting classical experiments and theoretical formulations, which led to the complex state of art of today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fabbrizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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9
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Gallina D, Pastor GM. Structural Disorder and Collective Behavior of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Nanostructures. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1392. [PMID: 34070306 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structural disorder has been shown to be responsible for profound changes of the interaction-energy landscapes and collective dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic nanostructures. Weakly-disordered 2D ensembles have a few particularly stable magnetic configurations with large basins of attraction from which the higher-energy metastable configurations are separated by only small downward barriers. In contrast, strongly-disordered ensembles have rough energy landscapes with a large number of low-energy local minima separated by relatively large energy barriers. Consequently, the former show good-structure-seeker behavior with an unhindered relaxation dynamics that is funnelled towards the global minimum, whereas the latter show a time evolution involving multiple time scales and trapping which is reminiscent of glasses. Although these general trends have been clearly established, a detailed assessment of the extent of these effects in specific nanostructure realizations remains elusive. The present study quantifies the disorder-induced changes in the interaction-energy landscape of two-dimensional dipole-coupled magnetic nanoparticles as a function of the magnetic configuration of the ensembles. Representative examples of weakly-disordered square-lattice arrangements, showing good structure-seeker behavior, and of strongly-disordered arrangements, showing spin-glass-like behavior, are considered. The topology of the kinetic networks of metastable magnetic configurations is analyzed. The consequences of disorder on the morphology of the interaction-energy landscapes are revealed by contrasting the corresponding disconnectivity graphs. The correlations between the characteristics of the energy landscapes and the Markovian dynamics of the various magnetic nanostructures are quantified by calculating the field-free relaxation time evolution after either magnetic saturation or thermal quenching and by comparing them with the corresponding averages over a large number of structural arrangements. Common trends and system-specific features are identified and discussed.
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10
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Myrovali E, Papadopoulos K, Iglesias I, Spasova M, Farle M, Wiedwald U, Angelakeris M. Long-Range Ordering Effects in Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:21602-21612. [PMID: 33929817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The challenge for synthesizing magnetic nanoparticle chains may be achieved under the application of fixation fields, which are the externally applied fields, enhancing collective magnetic features due to adequate control of dipolar interactions among magnetic nanoparticles. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to how size, concentration of magnetic nanoparticles, and intensity of an external magnetic field affect the evolution of chain structures and collective magnetic features. Here, iron oxide nanoparticles are developed by the coprecipitation method at diameters below (10 and 20 nm) and above (50 and 80 nm) their superparamagnetic limit (at about 25 nm) and then are subjected to a tunable fixation field (40-400 mT). Eventually, the fixation field dictates smaller particles to form chain structures in two steps, first forming clusters and then guiding chain formation via "cluster-cluster" interactions, whereas larger particles readily form chains via "particle-particle" interactions. In both cases, dipolar interactions between the neighboring nanoparticles augment, leading to a substantial increase in their collective magnetic features which in turn results in magnetic particle hyperthermia efficiency enhancement of up to one order of magnitude. This study provides new perspectives for magnetic nanoparticles by arranging them in chain formulations as enhanced performance magnetic actors in magnetically driven magnetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Myrovali
- School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Magnetic Nanostructure Characterization: Technology and Applications, CIRI-AUTH, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Kyrillos Papadopoulos
- School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Magnetic Nanostructure Characterization: Technology and Applications, CIRI-AUTH, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Irene Iglesias
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Marina Spasova
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Michael Farle
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Ulf Wiedwald
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Makis Angelakeris
- School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Magnetic Nanostructure Characterization: Technology and Applications, CIRI-AUTH, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Edén
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Silla JM, Andrade LAF, Freitas MP. Influence of stereoelectronic effects on the 1 J C─F spin-spin coupling constant in fluorinated heterocyclic compounds. Magn Reson Chem 2019; 57:373-379. [PMID: 30776853 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Perlin effect and its analog for fluorinated compounds (the fluorine Perlin-like effect) manifest on one-bond C─H (C─F for the fluorine Perlin-like effect) spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) in six-membered rings. These effects can be useful to probe the stereochemistry (axial or equatorial) of the C─H and C─F bonds, respectively. The origin of these effects has been debatable in the literature as being due to hyperconjugative interactions, dipolar effects, and induced current density. Accordingly, a variety of model compounds has been used to probe such effects since the cyclohexanone carbonyl group and the endocyclic heteroatom lone pairs play different roles on the above-mentioned effects. Thus, the 1 JC─F SSCC in fluorinated lactams and lactones were theoretically studied to gain further insight on the nature of the fluorine Perlin-like effect. In addition, because the intramolecular α-effect has recently gained attention for its importance in the reactivity and stereoelectronic interactions in peroxide compounds, some fluorinated 1,2-dioxanes and 1,2-dithianes were studied to evaluate the role of the α-effect on the behavior of 1 JC─F SSCCs. Differently from fluorinated ketones and ethers, the fluorine Perlin-like effect in the amides and esters cannot be explained by hyperconjugative or dipolar interactions alone, because the resonance in these groups affect the 1 JC─F values. The O─O and S─S-containing systems exhibit a strong fluorine Perlin-like effect, but unlike the α-effect, this behavior cannot be explained neither by hyperconjugation nor by dipolar interactions alone; the spatial proximity of the C─F and O─O/S─S bonds is proposed to affect the magnitude of the 1 JC─F SSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué M Silla
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Laize A F Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
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Virumbrales M, Saez-Puche R, Torralvo MJ, Blanco-Gutierrez V. Mesoporous Silica Matrix as a Tool for Minimizing Dipolar Interactions in NiFe₂O₄ and ZnFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:E151. [PMID: 28640197 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NiFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles have been prepared encased in the MCM (Mobile Composition of Matter) type matrix. Their magnetic behavior has been studied and compared with that corresponding to particles of the same composition and of a similar size (prepared and embedded in amorphous silica or as bare particles). This study has allowed elucidation of the role exerted by the matrix and interparticle interactions in the magnetic behavior of each ferrite system. Thus, very different superparamagnetic behavior has been found in ferrite particles of similar size depending on the surrounding media. Also, the obtained results clearly provide evidence of the vastly different magnetic behavior for each ferrite system.
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Cardona-Serra S, Sanvito S. Influence of the dipolar interactions on the relative stability in spin crossover systems. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:224-227. [PMID: 27882575 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecules exhibiting a spin-crossover transition have been proposed for a number of applications such as molecular switches, spintronic tunable interfaces, and single molecule gates. Both the rational design of new spin-crossover systems and the improvement of the properties of the already existing ones require a theoretical understanding of the relative energy of the high (HS) and low spin state (LS) molecules in the solid-state. This has proved to be very challenging so far. Here, we shed some light on the importance of considering the symmetry and the geometry of the crystallographic cell to correctly evaluate the influence of the dipolar interactions on the relative energies of the molecular complex in both different spin states. Moreover, in the case of Fe(SCN)2 (phen)2 dipolar interactions are found to play an important role for the stabilization of the LS complex. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Abstract
Structure-based ligand design in medicinal chemistry and crop protection relies on the identification and quantification of weak noncovalent interactions and understanding the role of water. Small-molecule and protein structural database searches are important tools to retrieve existing knowledge. Thermodynamic profiling, combined with X-ray structural and computational studies, is the key to elucidate the energetics of the replacement of water by ligands. Biological receptor sites vary greatly in shape, conformational dynamics, and polarity, and require different ligand-design strategies, as shown for various case studies. Interactions between dipoles have become a central theme of molecular recognition. Orthogonal interactions, halogen bonding, and amide⋅⋅⋅π stacking provide new tools for innovative lead optimization. The combination of synthetic models and biological complexation studies is required to gather reliable information on weak noncovalent interactions and the role of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Persch
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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