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Bender P, Wetterskog E, Salazar-Alvarez G, Bergström L, Hermann RP, Brückel T, Wiedenmann A, Disch S. Shape-induced superstructure formation in concentrated ferrofluids under applied magnetic fields. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:1613-1621. [PMID: 36570658 PMCID: PMC9721326 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The field-induced ordering of concentrated ferrofluids based on spherical and cuboidal maghemite nanoparticles is studied using small-angle neutron scattering, revealing a qualitative effect of the faceted shape on the interparticle interactions as shown in the structure factor and correlation lengths. Whereas a spatially disordered hard-sphere interaction potential with a short correlation length is found for ∼9 nm spherical nanoparticles, nanocubes of a comparable particle size exhibit a more pronounced interparticle interaction and the formation of linear arrangements. Analysis of the anisotropic two-dimensional pair distance correlation function gives insight into the real-space arrangement of the nanoparticles. On the basis of the short interparticle distances found here, oriented attachment, i.e. a face-to-face arrangement of the nanocubes, is likely. The unusual field dependence of the interparticle correlations suggests a field-induced structural rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Bender
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Erik Wetterskog
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - German Salazar-Alvarez
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,Ångström Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden,Center for Neutron Scattering, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raphael P. Hermann
- JCNS-2, PGI-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany,Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Sabrina Disch
- Department of Chemistry, Universität zu Köln, 50935 Köln, Germany,Correspondence e-mail:
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2
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Josten E, Angst M, Glavic A, Zakalek P, Rücker U, Seeck OH, Kovács A, Wetterskog E, Kentzinger E, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Bergström L, Brückel T. Strong size selectivity in the self-assembly of rounded nanocubes into 3D mesocrystals. Nanoscale Horiz 2020; 5:1065-1072. [PMID: 32542274 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of nanoparticles into highly ordered crystals is largely influenced by variations in the size and shape of the constituent particles, with crystallization generally not observed if their polydispersity is too large. Here, we report on size selectivity in the self-assembly of rounded cubic maghemite nanoparticles into three-dimensional mesocrystals. Different X-ray scattering techniques are used to study and compare a nanoparticle dispersion that is used later for self-assembly, an ensemble of mesocrystals grown on a substrate, as well as an individual mesocrystal. The individual μm-sized mesocrystal is isolated using a focused-ion-beam-based technique and investigated by the diffraction of a micro-focused X-ray beam. Structural analysis reveals that individual mesocrystals have a drastically smaller size dispersity of nanoparticles than that in the initial dispersion, implying very strong size selectivity during self-assembly. The small size dispersity of the nanoparticles within individual mesocrystals is accompanied by a very narrow lattice parameter distribution. In contrast, the lattice parameter distribution within all mesocrystals of an ensemble is about four times wider than that of individual mesocrystals, indicating significant size fractionalization between mesocrystals during self-assembly. The small size dispersity within each mesocrystal has important implications for their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Josten
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) and Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI), JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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3
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Tian B, Han Y, Wetterskog E, Donolato M, Hansen MF, Svedlindh P, Strömberg M. MicroRNA Detection through DNAzyme-Mediated Disintegration of Magnetic Nanoparticle Assemblies. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1884-1891. [PMID: 30188122 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA-assembled nanoparticle superstructures offer numerous bioresponsive properties that can be utilized for point-of-care diagnostics. Functional DNA sequences such as deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) provide novel bioresponsive strategies and further extend the application of DNA-assembled nanoparticle superstructures. In this work, we describe a microRNA detection biosensor that combines magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) assemblies with DNAzyme-assisted target recycling. The DNA scaffolds of the MNP assemblies contain substrate sequences for DNAzyme and can form cleavage catalytic structures in the presence of target DNA or RNA sequences, leading to rupture of the scaffolds and disintegration of the MNP assemblies. The target sequences are preserved during the cleavage reaction and release into the suspension to trigger the digestion of multiple DNA scaffolds. The high local concentration of substrate sequences in the MNP assemblies reduces the diffusion time for target recycling. The concentration of released MNPs, which is proportional to the concentration of the target, can be quantified by a 405 nm laser-based optomagnetic sensor. For the detection of let-7b in 10% serum, after 1 h of isothermal reaction at 50 °C, we found a linear detection range between 10 pM and 100 nM with a limit of detection of 6 pM. For the quantification of DNA target in buffer solution, a limit of detection of 1.5 pM was achieved. Compared to protein enzyme-based microRNA detection methods, the proposed DNAzyme-based biosensor has an increased stability, a reduced cost and a possibility to be used in living cells, all of which are valuable features for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech,
Building 345B, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Wetterskog
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Donolato
- BluSense Diagnostics, Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Fougt Hansen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech,
Building 345B, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Strömberg
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Abstract
The ability to detect and analyze the state of magnetic labels with high sensitivity is of crucial importance for developing magnetic biosensors. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, a ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) based homogeneous and volumetric biosensor for magnetic label detection. Two different isothermal amplification methods, i.e., rolling circle amplification (RCA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), are adopted and combined with a standard electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer for FMR biosensing. For the RCA-based FMR biosensor, binding of RCA products of a synthetic Vibrio cholerae target DNA sequence gives rise to the formation of aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Immobilization of nanoparticles within the aggregates leads to a decrease of the net anisotropy of the system and a concomitant increase of the resonance field. A limit of detection of 1 pM is obtained with a linear detection range between 7.8 and 250 pM. For the LAMP-based sensing, a synthetic Zika virus target oligonucleotide is amplified and detected in 20% serum samples. Immobilization of magnetic nanoparticles is induced by their coprecipitation with Mg2P2O7 (a byproduct of LAMP) and provides a detection sensitivity of 100 aM. The fast measurement, high sensitivity, and miniaturization potential of the proposed FMR biosensing technology makes it a promising candidate for designing future point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaoqi Liao
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Strömberg
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Wetterskog
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, The Ångström Laboratory, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Wetterskog E, Jonasson C, Smilgies DM, Schaller V, Johansson C, Svedlindh P. Colossal Anisotropy of the Dynamic Magnetic Susceptibility in Low-Dimensional Nanocube Assemblies. ACS Nano 2018; 12:1403-1412. [PMID: 29328678 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of nanocrystal self-assembly is to transform nanoscale building blocks into a material that displays enhanced properties relative to the sum of its parts. Herein, we demonstrate that 1D needle-shaped assemblies composed of Fe3-δO4 nanocubes display a significant augmentation of the magnetic susceptibility and dissipation as compared to 0D and 2D systems. The performance of the nanocube needles is highlighted by a colossal anisotropy factor defined as the ratio of the parallel to the perpendicular magnetization components. We show that the origin of this effect cannot be ascribed to shape anisotropy in its classical sense; as such, it has no analogy in bulk magnetic materials. The temperature-dependent anisotropy factors of the in- and out-of-phase components of the magnetization have an extremely strong particle size dependence and reach values of 80 and 2500, respectively, for the largest nanocubes in this study. Aided by simulations, we ascribe the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility, and its strong particle-size dependence to a synergistic coupling between the dipolar interaction field and a net anisotropy field resulting from a partial texture in the 1D nanocube needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wetterskog
- Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | | | - Peter Svedlindh
- Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Polido Legaria E, Saldan I, Svedlindh P, Wetterskog E, Gunnarsson K, Kessler VG, Seisenbaeva GA. Coordination of rare earth element cations on the surface of silica-derived nanoadsorbents. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1312-1320. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04388k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of REE cations adsorbed on the surface of non-functionalized and complexone-functionalized silica particles was revealed by EXAFS spectroscopy and magnetic studies using X-ray single crystal models as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Polido Legaria
- Department of Molecular Sciences
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
- 75007 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - I. Saldan
- Department of Molecular Sciences
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
- 75007 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - P. Svedlindh
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Solid State Physics
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - E. Wetterskog
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Solid State Physics
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - K. Gunnarsson
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Solid State Physics
- Uppsala University
- 75121 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - V. G. Kessler
- Department of Molecular Sciences
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
- 75007 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - G. A. Seisenbaeva
- Department of Molecular Sciences
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
- 75007 Uppsala
- Sweden
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7
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Tian B, Wetterskog E, Qiu Z, Zardán Gómez de la Torre T, Donolato M, Fougt Hansen M, Svedlindh P, Strömberg M. Shape anisotropy enhanced optomagnetic measurement for prostate-specific antigen detection via magnetic chain formation. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:285-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Wetterskog E, Castro A, Zeng L, Petronis S, Heinke D, Olsson E, Nilsson L, Gehrke N, Svedlindh P. Size and property bimodality in magnetic nanoparticle dispersions: single domain particles vs. strongly coupled nanoclusters. Nanoscale 2017; 9:4227-4235. [PMID: 28290585 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of magnetic nanoparticles in the biotechnical sector puts new demands on fast and quantitative characterization techniques for nanoparticle dispersions. In this work, we report the use of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) to study the properties of a commercial magnetic nanoparticle dispersion. We demonstrate the effectiveness of both techniques when subjected to a dispersion with a bimodal size/magnetic property distribution: i.e., a small superparamagnetic fraction, and a larger blocked fraction of strongly coupled colloidal nanoclusters. We show that the oriented attachment of primary nanocrystals into colloidal nanoclusters drastically alters their static, dynamic, and magnetic resonance properties. Finally, we show how the FMR spectra are influenced by dynamical effects; agglomeration of the superparamagnetic fraction leads to reversible line-broadening; rotational alignment of the suspended nanoclusters results in shape-dependent resonance shifts. The AF4 and FMR measurements described herein are fast and simple, and therefore suitable for quality control procedures in commercial production of magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wetterskog
- Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - A Castro
- SOLVE Research and Consultancy AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Zeng
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - S Petronis
- SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - D Heinke
- nanoPET Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Olsson
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - L Nilsson
- SOLVE Research and Consultancy AB, Lund, Sweden and Lund Centre for Field-Flow Fractionation, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Sweden
| | - N Gehrke
- nanoPET Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Svedlindh
- Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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9
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Agthe M, Wetterskog E, Bergström L. Following the Assembly of Iron Oxide Nanocubes by Video Microscopy and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring. Langmuir 2017; 33:303-310. [PMID: 27991791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the growth of ordered arrays by evaporation-induced self-assembly of iron oxide nanocubes with edge lengths of 6.8 and 10.1 nm using video microscopy (VM) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Ex situ electron diffraction of the ordered arrays demonstrates that the crystal axes of the nanocubes are coaligned and confirms that the ordered arrays are mesocrystals. Time-resolved video microscopy shows that growth of the highly ordered arrays at slow solvent evaporation is controlled by particle diffusion and can be described by a simple growth model. The growth of each mesocrystal depends only on the number of nanoparticles within the accessible region irrespective of the relative time of formation. The mass of the dried mesocrystals estimated from the analysis of the bandwidth-shift-to-frequency-shift ratio correlates well with the total mass of the oleate-coated nanoparticles in the deposited dispersion drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Agthe
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Wetterskog
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Wetterskog E, Klapper A, Disch S, Josten E, Hermann RP, Rücker U, Brückel T, Bergström L, Salazar-Alvarez G. Tuning the structure and habit of iron oxide mesocrystals. Nanoscale 2016; 8:15571-80. [PMID: 27448065 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03776c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A precise control over the meso- and microstructure of ordered and aligned nanoparticle assemblies, i.e., mesocrystals, is essential in the quest for exploiting the collective material properties for potential applications. In this work, we produced evaporation-induced self-assembled mesocrystals with different mesostructures and crystal habits based on iron oxide nanocubes by varying the nanocube size and shape and by applying magnetic fields. A full 3D characterization of the mesocrystals was performed using image analysis, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS). This enabled the structural determination of e.g. multi-domain mesocrystals with complex crystal habits and the quantification of interparticle distances with sub-nm precision. Mesocrystals of small nanocubes (l = 8.6-12.6 nm) are isostructural with a body centred tetragonal (bct) lattice whereas assemblies of the largest nanocubes in this study (l = 13.6 nm) additionally form a simple cubic (sc) lattice. The mesocrystal habit can be tuned from a square, hexagonal to star-like and pillar shapes depending on the particle size and shape and the strength of the applied magnetic field. Finally, we outline a qualitative phase diagram of the evaporation-induced self-assembled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocube mesocrystals based on nanocube edge length and magnetic field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wetterskog
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden. and Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Alice Klapper
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Disch
- Department of Chemistry, Universität zu Köln, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Josten
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Raphaël P Hermann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831 Tennessee, USA
| | - Ulrich Rücker
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brückel
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden.
| | - German Salazar-Alvarez
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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11
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Mayence A, Wéry M, Tran DT, Wetterskog E, Svedlindh P, Tai CW, Bergström L. Interfacial strain and defects in asymmetric Fe-Mn oxide hybrid nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2016; 8:14171-14177. [PMID: 27385323 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01373b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric Fe-Mn oxide hybrid nanoparticles have been obtained by a seed-mediated thermal decomposition-based synthesis route. The use of benzyl ether as the solvent was found to promote the orientational growth of Mn1-xO onto the iron oxide nanocube seeds yielding mainly dimers and trimers whereas 1-octadecene yields large nanoparticles. HRTEM imaging and HAADF-STEM tomography performed on dimers show that the growth of Mn1-xO occurs preferentially along the edges of iron oxide nanocubes where both oxides share a common crystallographic orientation. Fourier filtering and geometric phase analysis of dimers reveal a lattice mismatch of 5% and a large interfacial strain together with a significant concentration of defects. The saturation magnetization is lower and the coercivity is higher for the Fe-Mn oxide hybrid nanoparticles compared to the iron oxide nanocube seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Mayence
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Wetterskog E, Agthe M, Mayence A, Grins J, Wang D, Rana S, Ahniyaz A, Salazar-Alvarez G, Bergström L. Precise control over shape and size of iron oxide nanocrystals suitable for assembly into ordered particle arrays. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2014; 15:055010. [PMID: 27877722 PMCID: PMC5099683 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/15/5/055010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate how monodisperse iron oxide nanocubes and nanospheres with average sizes between 5 and 27 nm can be synthesized by thermal decomposition. The relative importance of the purity of the reactants, the ratio of oleic acid and sodium oleate, the maximum temperature, and the rate of temperature increase, on robust and reproducible size and shape-selective iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis are identified and discussed. The synthesis conditions that generate highly monodisperse iron oxide nanocubes suitable for producing large ordered arrays, or mesocrystals are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wetterskog
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Michael Agthe
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Arnaud Mayence
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Jekabs Grins
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Subhasis Rana
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
| | - Anwar Ahniyaz
- SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - German Salazar-Alvarez
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden
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13
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Agthe M, Wetterskog E, Mouzon J, Salazar-Alvarez G, Bergström L. Dynamic growth modes of ordered arrays and mesocrystals during drop-casting of iron oxide nanocubes. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41871e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Wetterskog E, Tai CW, Grins J, Bergström L, Salazar-Alvarez G. Anomalous magnetic properties of nanoparticles arising from defect structures: topotaxial oxidation of Fe(1-x)O|Fe(3-δ)O4 core|shell nanocubes to single-phase particles. ACS Nano 2013; 7:7132-44. [PMID: 23899269 DOI: 10.1021/nn402487q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that the anomalous magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles are correlated with defects in their interior. We studied the evolution of microstructure and magnetic properties of biphasic core|shell Fe(1-x)O|Fe(3-δ)O4 nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition during their topotaxial oxidation to single-phase nanoparticles. Geometric phase analysis of high-resolution electron microscopy images reveals a large interfacial strain at the core|shell interface and the development of antiphase boundaries. Dark-field transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction concur that, as the oxidation proceeds, the interfacial strain is released as the Fe(1-x)O core is removed but that the antiphase boundaries remain. The antiphase boundaries result in anomalous magnetic behavior, that is, a reduced saturation magnetization and exchange bias effects in single-phase nanoparticles. Our results indicate that internal defects play an important role in dictating the magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wetterskog
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Disch S, Wetterskog E, Hermann RP, Korolkov D, Busch P, Boesecke P, Lyon O, Vainio U, Salazar-Alvarez G, Bergström L, Brückel T. Structural diversity in iron oxide nanoparticle assemblies as directed by particle morphology and orientation. Nanoscale 2013; 5:3969-75. [PMID: 23536023 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mesostructure of ordered arrays of anisotropic nanoparticles is controlled by a combination of packing constraints and interparticle interactions, two factors that are strongly dependent on the particle morphology. We have investigated how the degree of truncation of iron oxide nanocubes controls the mesostructure and particle orientation in drop cast mesocrystal arrays. The combination of grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy shows that mesocrystals of highly truncated cubic nanoparticles assemble in an fcc-type mesostructure, similar to arrays formed by iron oxide nanospheres, but with a significantly reduced packing density and displaying two different growth orientations. Strong satellite reflections in the GISAXS pattern indicate a commensurate mesoscopic superstructure that is related to stacking faults in mesocrystals of the anisotropic nanocubes. Our results show how subtle variation in shape anisotropy can induce oriented arrangements of nanoparticles of different structures and also create mesoscopic superstructures of larger periodicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Disch
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Faure B, Wetterskog E, Gunnarsson K, Josten E, Hermann RP, Brückel T, Andreasen JW, Meneau F, Meyer M, Lyubartsev A, Bergström L, Salazar-Alvarez G, Svedlindh P. 2D to 3D crossover of the magnetic properties in ordered arrays of iron oxide nanocrystals. Nanoscale 2013; 5:953-960. [PMID: 23238262 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic 2D to 3D crossover behavior of well-ordered arrays of monodomain γ-Fe(2)O(3) spherical nanoparticles with different thicknesses has been investigated by magnetometry and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Using the structural information of the arrays obtained from grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy together with the experimentally determined values for the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy of the nanoparticles, we show that MC simulations can reproduce the thickness-dependent magnetic behavior. The magnetic dipolar particle interactions induce a ferromagnetic coupling that increases in strength with decreasing thickness of the array. The 2D to 3D transition in the magnetic properties is mainly driven by a change in the orientation of the magnetic vortex states with increasing thickness, becoming more isotropic as the thickness of the array increases. Magnetic anisotropy prevents long-range ferromagnetic order from being established at low temperature and the nanoparticle magnetic moments instead freeze along directions defined by the distribution of easy magnetization directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Faure
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Disch S, Wetterskog E, Hermann RP, Salazar-Alvarez G, Busch P, Brückel T, Bergström L, Kamali S. Shape induced symmetry in self-assembled mesocrystals of iron oxide nanocubes. Nano Lett 2011; 11:1651-6. [PMID: 21388121 PMCID: PMC3075854 DOI: 10.1021/nl200126v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grazing incidence small-angle scattering and electron microscopy have been used to show for the first time that nonspherical nanoparticles can assemble into highly ordered body-centered tetragonal mesocrystals. Energy models accounting for the directionality and magnitude of the van der Waals and dipolar interactions as a function of the degree of truncation of the nanocubes illustrated the importance of the directional dipolar forces for the formation of the initial nanocube clusters and the dominance of the van der Waals multibody interactions in the dense packed arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Disch
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Erik Wetterskog
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raphaël P. Hermann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Science, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - German Salazar-Alvarez
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Busch
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brückel
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saeed Kamali
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Spring-8, Sayo Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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Disch S, Wetterskog E, Salazar-Alvarez G, Hermann RP, Bergström L, Brückel T. Oriented supercrystals of anisotropic iron oxide nanoparticles. Acta Crystallogr A 2010. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767310094547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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