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Génolini Y, Maurin D, Moskalenko IV, Unger M. Current status and desired precision of the isotopic production cross sections relevant to astrophysics of cosmic rays: Li, Be, B, C, and N. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C 2018; 98:034611. [PMID: 34646970 PMCID: PMC8506905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.98.034611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The precision of the current generation of cosmic-ray (CR) experiments, such as AMS-02, PAMELA, CALET, and ISS-CREAM, is now reaching ≈1-3% in a wide range in energy per nucleon from GeV/nucleon to multi-TeV/nucleon. Their correct interpretation could potentially lead to discoveries of new physics and subtle effects that were unthinkable just a decade ago. However, a major obstacle in doing so is the current uncertainty in the isotopic production cross sections that can be as high as 20-50% or even larger in some cases. While there is a recently reached consensus in the astrophysics community that new measurements of cross sections are desirable, no attempt to evaluate the importance of particular reaction channels and their required precision has been made yet. It is, however, clear that it is a huge work that requires an incremental approach. The goal of this study is to provide the ranking of the isotopic cross sections contributing to the production of the most astrophysically important CR Li, Be, B, C, and N species. In this paper, we (i) rank the reaction channels by their importance for a production of a particular isotope, (ii) provide comparisons plots between the models and data used, and (iii) evaluate a generic beam time necessary to reach a 3% precision in the production cross sections pertinent to the AMS-02 experiment. This first road map may become a starting point in the planning of new measurement campaigns that could be carried out in several nuclear and/or particle physics facilities around the world. A comprehensive evaluation of other isotopes Z ⩽ 30 will be a subject of follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Génolini
- Service de Physique Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, CP225, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Maurin
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 avenue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - Igor V. Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael Unger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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De Napoli M, Romano F, D'Urso D, Licciardello T, Agodi C, Candiano G, Cappuzzello F, Cirrone GAP, Cuttone G, Musumarra A, Pandola L, Scuderi V. Nuclear reaction measurements on tissue-equivalent materials and GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations for hadrontherapy. Phys Med Biol 2016; 59:7643-52. [PMID: 25415044 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/24/7643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
When a carbon beam interacts with human tissues, many secondary fragments are produced into the tumor region and the surrounding healthy tissues. Therefore, in hadrontherapy precise dose calculations require Monte Carlo tools equipped with complex nuclear reaction models. To get realistic predictions, however, simulation codes must be validated against experimental results; the wider the dataset is, the more the models are finely tuned.Since no fragmentation data for tissue-equivalent materials at Fermi energies are available in literature, we measured secondary fragments produced by the interaction of a 55.6 MeV u(-1) (12)C beam with thick muscle and cortical bone targets. Three reaction models used by the Geant4 Monte Carlo code, the Binary Light Ions Cascade, the Quantum Molecular Dynamic and the Liege Intranuclear Cascade, have been benchmarked against the collected data. In this work we present the experimental results and we discuss the predictive power of the above mentioned models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Napoli
- INFN-Sezione di Catania, 64, Via S. Sofia, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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Haettner E, Iwase H, Krämer M, Kraft G, Schardt D. Experimental study of nuclear fragmentation of 200 and 400 MeV/u12C ions in water for applications in particle therapy. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:8265-79. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/23/8265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Golovchenko A, Sihver L, Ota S, Skvarč J, Yasuda N, Kodaira S, Timoshenko G, Giacomelli M. Fragmentation of 370MeV/n 20Ne and 470MeV/n 24Mg in light targets. RADIAT MEAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Iancu G, Flesch F, Heinrich W. Nuclear fragmentation cross-sections of 400AMeV 36Ar and 40Ar in collisions with light and heavy target nuclei. RADIAT MEAS 2005; 39:525-33. [PMID: 16094776 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have measured fragmentation cross-sections of Ar projectile nuclei at beam energy of 400 A MeV using experimental set-ups with plastic nuclear track detectors and different targets. In this paper total charge changing cross-sections and elemental fragmentation cross-sections for the production of fragments with charges ZF > or = 7 in interactions with H, C, Al, Cu, Ag and Pb target nuclei are presented. The dependence of the cross-sections on the fragment charge number and target charge number are discussed. The experimental results are compared to predictions of semi empirical cross-section models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iancu
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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Golovchenko AN, Skvarc J, Ilic R, Sihver L, Bamblevski VP, Tretyakova SP, Schardt D, Tripathi RK, Wilson JW, Bimbot R. Fragmentation of 200 and 244 MeV/u carbon beams in thick tissue-like absorbers. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH. SECTION B, BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS 1999; 159:233-240. [PMID: 11542804 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-583x(99)00546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stacks consisting of thin CR-39 sheets sandwiched between thick lucite and water absorbers were perpendicularly bombarded by 12C ions at 200 and 244 MeV/u. Track radius distributions representing the charge composition of the fragmented beams were automatically measured by a particle track analysis system. After analysis of the nuclear charge distributions, the total charge removal cross-sections and elemental production cross-sections of fragments with atomic numbers from 5 to 3, were obtained down to the lower energies (approximately 50 and 100 MeV/u, respectively). It has been found that the measured total charge removal cross-section agrees with theoretical predictions within approximately 10% and very well with previous experiments in corresponding energy regions. Two model calculations for production of B fragment are in good agreement with our measured data while a third model overestimates it by approximately 12%. Theoretical cross-sections for Be and Li fragments differ strongly among the different models and from measured values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Golovchenko
- Flerov Lab. of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation.
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Zeitlin C, Heilbronn L, Miller J, Rademacher SE, Borak T, Carter TR, Frankel KA, Schimmerling W, Stronach CE. Heavy fragment production cross sections from 1.05 GeV/nucleon 56Fe in C, Al, Cu, Pb, and CH2 targets. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1997; 56:388-397. [PMID: 11541215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.56.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have obtained charge-changing cross sections and partial cross sections for fragmentation of 1.05 GeV/nucleon Fe projectiles incident on H, C, Al, Cu, and Pb nuclei. The energy region covered by this experiment is critical for an understanding of galactic cosmic ray propagation and space radiation biophysics. Surviving primary beam particles and fragments with charges from 12 to 25 produced within a forward cone of half-angle 61 mrad were detected using a silicon detector telescope to identify their charge and the cross sections were calculated after correction of the measured yields for finite target thickness effects. The cross sections are compared to model calculations and to previous measurements. Cross sections for the production of fragments with even-numbered nuclear charges are seen to be enhanced in almost all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zeitlin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Knott CN, Albergo S, Caccia Z, Chen C, Costa S, Crawford HJ, Cronqvist M, Engelage J, Ferrando P, Fonte R, Greiner L, Guzik TG, Insolia A, Jones FC, Lindstrom PJ, Mitchell JW, Potenza R, Romanski J, Russo GV, Soutoul A, Testard O, Tull CE, Tuvé C, Waddington CJ, Webber WR, Wefel JP. Interactions of relativistic neon to nickel projectiles in hydrogen, elemental production cross sections. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1996; 53:347-357. [PMID: 9970944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Nilsen BS, Waddington CJ, Cummings JR, Garrard TL, Klarmann J. Fragmentation cross sections of relativistic 8436Kr and 10947Ag nuclei in targets from hydrogen to lead. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1995; 52:3277-3290. [PMID: 9970874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Chen C, Albergo S, Caccia Z, Costa S, Crawford HJ, Cronqvist M, Engelage J, Ferrando P, Fonte R, Greiner L, Guzik TG, Insolia A, Jones FC, Knott CN, Lindstrom PJ, Mitchell JW, Potenza R, Romanski J, Russo GV, Soutoul A, Testard O, Tull CE, Tuvé C, Waddington CJ, Webber WR, Wefel JP, Zhang X. Interactions in hydrogen of relativistic neon to nickel projectiles: Total charge-changing cross sections. PHYSICAL REVIEW. C, NUCLEAR PHYSICS 1994; 49:3200-3210. [PMID: 9969599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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