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Liu Z, Shimizu M, Yugami H. Quantitative evaluation of optical properties for defective 2D metamaterials based on diffraction imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5812-5821. [PMID: 32121796 DOI: 10.1364/oe.385100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials are intriguing candidates for energy conversion systems, and contribute to the control of thermal radiation spectra. Large-scale devices are required to provide high energy flux transfer. However, the surface microstructure of large-scale metamaterials suffers from fabrication defects, inducing optical property degradation. We develop a novel approach to quantitatively evaluate the optical properties of defective 2D metamaterials based on diffraction imaging. The surrogate surface structure is reconstructed from diffraction pattern, and analyzed geometrical features to evaluate the optical properties. This approach shows potential for in-line and real-time continuous diagnosis during industrial fabrication, and high-throughput for large-scale 2D metamaterial.
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2
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Imaging electron-density fluctuations by multidimensional X-ray photon-coincidence diffraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:395-400. [PMID: 30584098 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816730116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast spontaneous electron-density fluctuation dynamics in molecules is studied theoretically by off-resonant multiple X-ray diffraction events. The time- and wavevector-resolved photon-coincidence signals give an image of electron-density fluctuations expressed through the four-point correlation function of the charge density in momentum space. A Fourier transform of the signal provides a real-space image of the multipoint charge-density correlation functions, which reveal snapshots of the evolving electron density in between the diffraction events. The proposed technique is illustrated by ab initio simulations of the momentum- and real-space inelastic scattering signals from a linear cyanotetracetylene molecule.
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3
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Current Status of Single Particle Imaging with X-ray Lasers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Xuan Truong N, Strashnov I, Whittaker E, Zhong XL, Denecke MA. Coherent diffractive imaging of graphite nanoparticles using a tabletop EUV source. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29660-29668. [PMID: 29085932 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural information of nanostructures plays a key role in synthesis of novel nano-sized materials for promising applications such as high-performance nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. In this study, we apply for the first time the state-of-the-art coherent diffractive imaging method to characterize the structure of graphite nanoparticles. A sample with nanographites on a Si3N4 support was exposed to 30 nm radiation from a tabletop laser-driven high-order harmonic generation extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source. From the measured far-field diffraction pattern, we were able to reconstruct the distribution of the graphite nanoparticles with a spatial resolution of ∼330 nm using the standard iterative phase retrieval algorithms. A closer look at the reconstructed images reveals possible absorption effects of graphite nanoparticles. This experiment demonstrates the first step towards wide-field and high-resolution imaging of nuclear materials using the newly established lab-scale EUV source. Having such a source opens the door to performing investigations of nuclear graphite and other radioactive material in the lab, thus avoiding the need to transport samples to external facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Xuan Truong
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
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5
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Abstract
AbstractIn 1912, Max von Laue and collaborators first observed diffraction spots from a millimeter-sized crystal of copper sulfate using an X-ray tube. Crystallography was born of this experiment, and since then, diffraction by both X-rays and electrons has revealed a myriad of inorganic and organic structures, including structures of complex protein assemblies. Advancements in X-ray sources have spurred a revolution in structure determination, facilitated by the development of new methods. This review explores some of the frontier methods that are shaping the future of X-ray diffraction, including coherent diffractive imaging, serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering. Collectively, these methods expand the current limits of structure determination in biological systems across multiple length and time scales.
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6
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Park SY, Hong CK, Lim J. A method of hard X-ray phase-shifting digital holography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:1024-1029. [PMID: 27359152 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516008729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new method of phase-shifting digital holography is demonstrated in the hard X-ray region. An in-line-type phase-shifting holography setup was installed in a 6.80 keV hard X-ray synchrotron beamline. By placing a phase plate consisting of a hole and a band at the focusing point of a Fresnel lens, the relative phase of the reference and objective beams could be successfully shifted for use with a three-step phase-shift algorithm. The system was verified by measuring the shape of a gold test pattern and a silica sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Park
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, Kyoungbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Chung Ki Hong
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Pohang, Kyoungbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Beamline Division, Pohang Light Source, Pohang, Kyoungbuk 37673, South Korea
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7
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Macromolecular structures probed by combining single-shot free-electron laser diffraction with synchrotron coherent X-ray imaging. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3798. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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8
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Nam D, Park J, Gallagher-Jones M, Shimada H, Kim S, Kim S, Kohmura Y, Ishikawa T, Song C. Development of an adaptable coherent x-ray diffraction microscope with the emphasis on imaging hydrated specimens. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:113702. [PMID: 24289399 DOI: 10.1063/1.4828656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a versatile coherent x-ray diffraction microscope capable of imaging biological specimens in solution. The microscope is a flexible platform accommodating various conditions, from low vacuum (10(-2) Pa) to helium gas filled ambient pressure. This flexibility greatly expands the application area, from in situ materials science to biology systems in their native state, by significantly relaxing restrictions to the sample environment. The coherent diffraction microscope has been used successfully to image a yeast cell immersed in buffer solution. We believe that the design of this coherent diffraction microscope can be directly adapted to various platforms such as table top soft x-ray laser, synchrotron x-ray sources, and x-ray free electron laser with minor relevant adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewoong Nam
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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9
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Gulden J, Yefanov OM, Mancuso AP, Dronyak R, Singer A, Bernátová V, Burkhardt A, Polozhentsev O, Soldatov A, Sprung M, Vartanyants IA. Three-dimensional structure of a single colloidal crystal grain studied by coherent x-ray diffraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:4039-4049. [PMID: 22418162 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.004039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A coherent x-ray diffraction experiment was performed on an isolated colloidal crystal grain at the coherence beamline P10 at PETRA III. Using azimuthal rotation scans the three-dimensional (3D) scattered intensity from the sample in the far-field was measured. It includes several Bragg peaks as well as the coherent interference around these peaks. The analysis of the scattered intensity reveals the presence of plane defects in a single grain of the colloidal sample. We confirm these findings by model simulations. In these simulations we also analyze the experimental conditions required to phase the 3D diffraction pattern from a single colloidal grain. This approach has the potential to produce a high resolution image of the sample revealing its inner structure, with possible structural defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gulden
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Son SK, Chapman HN, Santra R. Multiwavelength anomalous diffraction at high x-ray intensity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:218102. [PMID: 22181929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.218102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) method is used to determine phase information in x-ray crystallography by employing anomalous scattering from heavy atoms. X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) show promise for revealing the structure of single molecules or nanocrystals, but the phase problem remains largely unsolved. Because of the ultrabrightness of x-ray FEL, samples experience severe electronic radiation damage, especially to heavy atoms, which hinders direct implementation of MAD with x-ray FELs. Here, we propose a generalized version of MAD phasing at high x-ray intensity. We demonstrate the existence of a Karle-Hendrickson-type equation in the high-intensity regime and calculate relevant coefficients with detailed electronic damage dynamics of heavy atoms. The present method offers a potential for ab initio structural determination in femtosecond x-ray nanocrystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Bortel G, Tegze M. Common arc method for diffraction pattern orientation. Acta Crystallogr A 2011; 67:533-43. [PMID: 22011469 DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311036269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Very short pulses of X-ray free-electron lasers opened the way to obtaining diffraction signal from single particles beyond the radiation dose limit. For three-dimensional structure reconstruction many patterns are recorded in the object's unknown orientation. A method is described for the orientation of continuous diffraction patterns of non-periodic objects, utilizing intensity correlations in the curved intersections of the corresponding Ewald spheres, and hence named the common arc orientation method. The present implementation of the algorithm optionally takes into account Friedel's law, handles missing data and is capable of determining the point group of symmetric objects. Its performance is demonstrated on simulated diffraction data sets and verification of the results indicates a high orientation accuracy even at low signal levels. The common arc method fills a gap in the wide palette of orientation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Bortel
- Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525 Budapest, PO Box 49, Hungary.
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Heine R, Gorniak T, Nisius T, Christophis C, Pettitt M, Staier F, Wilhein T, Rehbein S, Grunze M, Rosenhahn A. Digital in-line X-ray holography with zone plates. Ultramicroscopy 2011; 111:1131-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Gorniak T, Heine R, Mancuso AP, Staier F, Christophis C, Pettitt ME, Sakdinawat A, Treusch R, Guerassimova N, Feldhaus J, Gutt C, Grübel G, Eisebitt S, Beyer A, Gölzhäuser A, Weckert E, Grunze M, Vartanyants IA, Rosenhahn A. X-ray holographic microscopy with zone plates applied to biological samples in the water window using 3rd harmonic radiation from the free-electron laser FLASH. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:11059-11070. [PMID: 21716334 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.011059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The imaging of hydrated biological samples - especially in the energy window of 284-540 eV, where water does not obscure the signal of soft organic matter and biologically relevant elements - is of tremendous interest for life sciences. Free-electron lasers can provide highly intense and coherent pulses, which allow single pulse imaging to overcome resolution limits set by radiation damage. One current challenge is to match both the desired energy and the intensity of the light source. We present the first images of dehydrated biological material acquired with 3rd harmonic radiation from FLASH by digital in-line zone plate holography as one step towards the vision of imaging hydrated biological material with photons in the water window. We also demonstrate the first application of ultrathin molecular sheets as suitable substrates for future free-electron laser experiments with biological samples in the form of a rat fibroblast cell and marine biofouling bacteria Cobetia marina.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gorniak
- Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Xu R, Salha S, Raines KS, Jiang H, Chen CC, Takahashi Y, Kohmura Y, Nishino Y, Song C, Ishikawa T, Miao J. Coherent diffraction microscopy at SPring-8: instrumentation, data acquisition and data analysis. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2011; 18:293-8. [PMID: 21335919 PMCID: PMC3042331 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049510051733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the first demonstration of coherent diffraction microscopy in 1999, this lensless imaging technique has been experimentally refined by continued developments. Here, instrumentation and experimental procedures for measuring oversampled diffraction patterns from non-crystalline specimens using an undulator beamline (BL29XUL) at SPring-8 are presented. In addition, detailed post-experimental data analysis is provided that yields high-quality image reconstructions. As the acquisition of high-quality diffraction patterns is at least as important as the phase-retrieval procedure to guarantee successful image reconstructions, this work will be of interest for those who want to apply this imaging technique to materials science and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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15
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Quantitative 3D imaging of whole, unstained cells by using X-ray diffraction microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:11234-9. [PMID: 20534442 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000156107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopy has greatly advanced our understanding of biology. Although significant progress has recently been made in optical microscopy to break the diffraction-limit barrier, reliance of such techniques on fluorescent labeling technologies prohibits quantitative 3D imaging of the entire contents of cells. Cryoelectron microscopy can image pleomorphic structures at a resolution of 3-5 nm, but is only applicable to thin or sectioned specimens. Here, we report quantitative 3D imaging of a whole, unstained cell at a resolution of 50-60 nm by X-ray diffraction microscopy. We identified the 3D morphology and structure of cellular organelles including cell wall, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, granules, nucleus, and nucleolus inside a yeast spore cell. Furthermore, we observed a 3D structure protruding from the reconstructed yeast spore, suggesting the spore germination process. Using cryogenic technologies, a 3D resolution of 5-10 nm should be achievable by X-ray diffraction microscopy. This work hence paves a way for quantitative 3D imaging of a wide range of biological specimens at nanometer-scale resolutions that are too thick for electron microscopy.
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16
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Raines KS, Salha S, Sandberg RL, Jiang H, Rodríguez JA, Fahimian BP, Kapteyn HC, Du J, Miao J. Three-dimensional structure determination from a single view. Nature 2009; 463:214-7. [PMID: 20016484 DOI: 10.1038/nature08705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to determine the structure of matter in three dimensions has profoundly advanced our understanding of nature. Traditionally, the most widely used schemes for three-dimensional (3D) structure determination of an object are implemented by acquiring multiple measurements over various sample orientations, as in the case of crystallography and tomography, or by scanning a series of thin sections through the sample, as in confocal microscopy. Here we present a 3D imaging modality, termed ankylography (derived from the Greek words ankylos meaning 'curved' and graphein meaning 'writing'), which under certain circumstances enables complete 3D structure determination from a single exposure using a monochromatic incident beam. We demonstrate that when the diffraction pattern of a finite object is sampled at a sufficiently fine scale on the Ewald sphere, the 3D structure of the object is in principle determined by the 2D spherical pattern. We confirm the theoretical analysis by performing 3D numerical reconstructions of a sodium silicate glass structure at 2 A resolution, and a single poliovirus at 2-3 nm resolution, from 2D spherical diffraction patterns alone. Using diffraction data from a soft X-ray laser, we also provide a preliminary demonstration that ankylography is experimentally feasible by obtaining a 3D image of a test object from a single 2D diffraction pattern. With further development, this approach of obtaining complete 3D structure information from a single view could find broad applications in the physical and life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Raines
- [1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, [2] California NanoSystems Institute
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17
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Daillant J. Recent developments and applications of grazing incidence scattering. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Henderson CA, Williams GJ, Peele AG, Quiney HM, Nugent KA. Astigmatic phase retrieval: an experimental demonstration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:11905-11915. [PMID: 19582105 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.011905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental demonstration of the astigmatic phase retrieval technique, in which the diffracted wavefield is distorted by cylindrical curvature in two orthogonal directions. A charge-one vortex, a charge-two vortex, and a simple test image are all correctly reconstructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare A Henderson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia.
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