1
|
Andrianaki G, Grigoriadis A, Skoulakis A, Tazes I, Mancelli D, Fitilis I, Dimitriou V, Benis EP, Papadogiannis NA, Tatarakis M, Nikolos IK. Design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed, custom-made nozzle for laser wakefield acceleration experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103309. [PMID: 37855698 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Laser WakeField Acceleration (LWFA) is extensively used as a high-energy electron source, with electrons achieving energies up to the GeV level. The produced electron beam characteristics depend strongly on the gas density profile. When the gaseous target is a gas jet, the gas density profile is affected by parameters, such as the nozzle geometry, the gas used, and the backing pressure applied to the gas valve. An electron source based on the LWFA mechanism has recently been developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers. To improve controllability over the electron source, we developed a set of 3D-printed nozzles suitable for creating different gas density profiles according to the experimental necessities. Here, we present a study of the design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed nozzle intended for LWFA experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Andrianaki
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - A Grigoriadis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - A Skoulakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Tazes
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - D Mancelli
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Fitilis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - V Dimitriou
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - E P Benis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - N A Papadogiannis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - M Tatarakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I K Nikolos
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghizzo A, Del Sarto D, Betar H. Collisionless Heating Driven by Vlasov Filamentation in a Counterstreaming Beams Configuration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:035101. [PMID: 37540871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
We perform high resolution kinetic simulations of interpenetrating plasma beams. This configuration is unstable to both Weibel-type and two-stream instabilities, which are known to linearly induce a growth of the magnetic and electrostatic energy, respectively, at the expenses of the kinetic energy. "Oblique modes" are further beam-plasma instabilities, which linearly combine the features of the former two. Here we show the possibility of a reversal of the energy flow associated to these beam-plasma instabilities, when secondary propagating oblique modes are excited. This rapid conversion from magnetic to kinetic energy (i.e., kinetic heating), differs from the standard magnetic reconnection scenario and is induced by the reinforcement of the filamentation process of the distribution function in the phase space. This phenomenon-likely of general interest to collisionless dissipation processes in plasmas-can be understood in terms of mode synchronization: the coupling of oblique modes at disparate spatial scales leads to the appearance of synchronized "filamented" modes, which act on the global dynamics of the plasma via kinetic heating, collisionless dissipation, and turbulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Ghizzo
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, France
| | - Daniele Del Sarto
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, France
| | - Homam Betar
- Mécanique et Modelisation, Procédés Propres, UMR 7340 CNRS, Université de Aix-Marseille, 38 rue Joliot-Curie, 13451 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stream instabilities in optical-field ionization of a monatomic dilute neutral gas in fully relativistic regime. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1301. [PMID: 36693855 PMCID: PMC9873945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stream instabilities arising from anisotropic electron velocity distribution function (EVDF) are discussed in the optical-field ionization mechanism of a monatomic dilute gas by a circularly polarized laser beam in a fully relativistic regime. It is shown that a relativistically rotating electron beam is derived by a circularly polarized laser field with ([Formula: see text]). We show that the following ionization and before collisions thermalize the electrons, the plasma undergoes Buneman and Weibel instabilities. The Weibel and Buneman modes are co-propagating with k normal to the streaming direction. The theoretical results reveal that for the threshold of the relativistic regime ([Formula: see text]), instabilities are aperiodic and grow independently. However, by increasing the laser intensity for [Formula: see text], two instabilities are coupled. The coupling process increased the growth rate of Weibel instability, while the Buneman instability experienced a decrement in its growth rate. For more intense laser radiation, both instabilities are broken into different oscillatory and aperiodic modes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gong Z, Hatsagortsyan KZ, Keitel CH. Electron Polarization in Ultrarelativistic Plasma Current Filamentation Instabilities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:015101. [PMID: 36669225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.015101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasma current filamentation of an ultrarelativistic electron beam impinging on an overdense plasma is investigated, with emphasis on radiation-induced electron polarization. Particle-in-cell simulations provide the classification and in-depth analysis of three different regimes of the current filaments, namely, the normal filament, abnormal filament, and quenching regimes. We show that electron radiative polarization emerges during the instability along the azimuthal direction in the momentum space, which significantly varies across the regimes. We put forward an intuitive Hamiltonian model to trace the origin of the electron polarization dynamics. In particular, we discern the role of nonlinear transverse motion of plasma filaments, which induces asymmetry in radiative spin flips, yielding an accumulation of electron polarization. Our results break the conventional perception that quasisymmetric fields are inefficient for generating radiative spin-polarized beams, suggesting the potential of electron polarization as a source of new information on laboratory and astrophysical plasma instabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gong Z, Mackenroth F, Wang T, Yan XQ, Toncian T, Arefiev AV. Direct laser acceleration of electrons assisted by strong laser-driven azimuthal plasma magnetic fields. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:013206. [PMID: 32795027 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.013206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A high-intensity laser beam propagating through a dense plasma drives a strong current that robustly sustains a strong quasistatic azimuthal magnetic field. The laser field efficiently accelerates electrons in such a field that confines the transverse motion and deflects the electrons in the forward direction. Its advantage is a threshold rather than resonant behavior, accelerating electrons to high energies for sufficiently strong laser-driven currents. We study the electron dynamics via a test-electron model, specifically deriving the corresponding critical current density. We confirm the model's predictions by numerical simulations, indicating energy gains two orders of magnitude higher than achievable without the magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Gong
- SKLNPT, KLHEDP and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for High Energy Density Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - F Mackenroth
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - T Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - X Q Yan
- SKLNPT, KLHEDP and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - T Toncian
- Institute for Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A V Arefiev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dover NP, Nishiuchi M, Sakaki H, Kondo K, Alkhimova MA, Faenov AY, Hata M, Iwata N, Kiriyama H, Koga JK, Miyahara T, Pikuz TA, Pirozhkov AS, Sagisaka A, Sentoku Y, Watanabe Y, Kando M, Kondo K. Effect of Small Focus on Electron Heating and Proton Acceleration in Ultrarelativistic Laser-Solid Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:084802. [PMID: 32167312 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.084802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of particles from the interaction of ultraintense laser pulses up to 5×10^{21} W cm^{-2} with thin foils is investigated experimentally. The electron beam parameters varied with decreasing spot size, not just laser intensity, resulting in reduced temperatures and divergence. In particular, the temperature saturated due to insufficient acceleration length in the tightly focused spot. These dependencies affected the sheath-accelerated protons, which showed poorer spot-size scaling than widely used scaling laws. It is therefore shown that maximizing laser intensity by using very small foci has reducing returns for some applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N P Dover
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - M Nishiuchi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - H Sakaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Ko Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - M A Alkhimova
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - A Ya Faenov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Kiriyama
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - J K Koga
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - T Miyahara
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T A Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A S Pirozhkov
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - A Sagisaka
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Kando
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hashemzadeh M. Discrete eigenmodes of filamentation instability in the presence of a q-nonextensive distribution. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:013202. [PMID: 32069659 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Discrete eigenmodes of the filamentation instability in a weakly ionized current-driven plasma in the presence of a q-nonextensive electron velocity distribution is investigated. Considering the kinetic theory, Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision model, and Lorentz transformation relations, the generalized longitudinal and transverse dielectric permittivities are obtained. Taking into account the long-wavelength limit and diffusion frequency limit, the dispersion relations are obtained. Using the approximation of geometrical optics and linear inhomogeneity of the plasma, the real and imaginary parts of the frequency are discussed in these limits. It is shown that in the long-wavelength limit, when the normalized electron velocity is increased the growth rate of the instability increases. However, when the collision frequency is increased the growth rate of the filamentation instability decreases. In the diffusion frequency limit, results indicate that the effects of the electron velocity and q-nonextensive parameter on the growth rate of the instability are similar. Finally, it is found that when the collision frequency is increased the growth rate of the instability increases in the presence of a q-nonextensive distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hashemzadeh
- Faculty of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Semnan Province, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang C, Huang CK, Marsh KA, Clayton CE, Mori WB, Joshi C. Ultrafast optical field-ionized gases-A laboratory platform for studying kinetic plasma instabilities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4545. [PMID: 32047856 PMCID: PMC6984967 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic instabilities arising from anisotropic electron velocity distributions are ubiquitous in ionospheric, cosmic, and terrestrial plasmas, yet there are only a handful of experiments that purport to validate their theory. It is known that optical field ionization of atoms using ultrashort laser pulses can generate plasmas with known anisotropic electron velocity distributions. Here, we show that following the ionization but before collisions thermalize the electrons, the plasma undergoes two-stream, filamentation, and Weibel instabilities that isotropize the electron distributions. The polarization-dependent frequency and growth rates of these kinetic instabilities, measured using Thomson scattering of a probe laser, agree well with the kinetic theory and simulations. Thus, we have demonstrated an easily deployable laboratory platform for studying kinetic instabilities in plasmas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chen-Kang Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ken A. Marsh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chris E. Clayton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Warren B. Mori
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Romanov DA, Levis RJ. Postionization medium evolution in a laser filament: A uniquely nonplasma response. Phys Rev E 2012; 86:046408. [PMID: 23214701 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.046408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical consideration of the optical response of nascent free electrons in the process of laser filamentation reveals that the initial microscopically inhomogeneous charge distribution causes a transient electromagnetic response of the medium that differs drastically from that of a homogeneous plasma with the same degree of ionization. An analytical model, describing the forced oscillations of virtually isolated and expanding electron clouds, predicts considerable enhancement of these oscillations caused by transient resonance with the laser field. The transient resonance processes should play a role in the currently accepted picture of filament formation dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Romanov
- Center for Advanced Photonics Research, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Allen B, Yakimenko V, Babzien M, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Muggli P. Experimental study of current filamentation instability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:185007. [PMID: 23215291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.185007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Current filamentation instability is observed and studied in a laboratory environment with a 60 MeV electron beam and a plasma capillary discharge. Multiple filaments are observed and imaged transversely at the plasma exit with optical transition radiation. By varying the plasma density the transition between single and multiple filaments is found to be k(p)σ(r)~2.2. Scaling of the transverse filament size with the plasma skin depth is predicted in theory and observed over a range of plasma densities. Lowering the bunch charge, and thus the bunch density, suppresses the instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Allen
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schnell M, Sävert A, Landgraf B, Reuter M, Nicolai M, Jäckel O, Peth C, Thiele T, Jansen O, Pukhov A, Willi O, Kaluza MC, Spielmann C. Deducing the electron-beam diameter in a laser-plasma accelerator using x-ray betatron radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:075001. [PMID: 22401215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the properties of a laser-plasma electron accelerator as a bright source of keV x-ray radiation. During the interaction, the electrons undergo betatron oscillations and from the carefully measured x-ray spectrum the oscillation amplitude of the electrons can be deduced which decreases with increasing electron energies. From the oscillation amplitude and the independently measured x-ray source size of (1.8±0.3) μm we are able to estimate the electron bunch diameter to be (1.6±0.3) μm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnell
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|