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Yu Y, Liu S, Lee CM, Michler P, Reitzenstein S, Srinivasan K, Waks E, Liu J. Telecom-band quantum dot technologies for long-distance quantum networks. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1389-1400. [PMID: 38049595 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
A future quantum internet is expected to generate, distribute, store and process quantum bits (qubits) over the world by linking different quantum nodes via quantum states of light. To facilitate long-haul operations, quantum repeaters must operate at telecom wavelengths to take advantage of both the low-loss optical fibre network and the established technologies of modern optical communications. Semiconductor quantum dots have thus far shown exceptional performance as key elements for quantum repeaters, such as quantum light sources and spin-photon interfaces, but only in the near-infrared regime. Therefore, the development of high-performance telecom-band quantum dot devices is highly desirable for a future solid-state quantum internet based on fibre networks. In this Review, we present the physics and technological developments towards epitaxial quantum dot devices emitting in the telecom O- and C-bands for quantum networks, considering both advanced epitaxial growth for direct telecom emission and quantum frequency conversion for telecom-band down-conversion of near-infrared quantum dot devices. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for future realization of telecom quantum dot devices with improved performance and expanded functionality through hybrid integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peter Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IHFG), Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Ding JW, Wang DL, Liu WM. Intrinsical localization of both topological (anti-kink) envelope and gray (black) gap solitons of the condensed bosons in deep optical lattices. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:123133. [PMID: 33380039 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By developing quasi-discrete multiple-scale method combined with tight-binding approximation, a novel quadratic Riccati differential equation is first derived for the soliton dynamics of the condensed bosons trapped in the optical lattices. For a lack of exact solutions, the trial solutions of the Riccati equation have been analytically explored for the condensed bosons with various scattering length as. When the lattice depth is rather shallow, the results of sub-fundamental gap solitons are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observation. For the deeper lattice potentials, we predict that in the case of as>0, some novel intrinsically localized modes of symmetrical envelope, topological (kink) envelope, and anti-kink envelope solitons can be observed within the bandgap in the system, of which the amplitude increases with the increasing lattice spacing and (or) depth. In the case of as<0, the bandgap brings out intrinsically localized gray or black soliton. This well provides experimental protocols to realize transformation between the gray and black solitons by reducing light intensity of the laser beams forming optical lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanophysics and Rare-earth Luminescence, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - J W Ding
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanophysics and Rare-earth Luminescence, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - D L Wang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Nanophysics and Rare-earth Luminescence, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - W M Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Enhancing Third- and Fifth-Order Nonlinearity via Tunneling in Multiple Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030423. [PMID: 30871079 PMCID: PMC6473951 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinearity of semiconductor quantum dots under the condition of low light levels has many important applications. In this study, linear absorption, self-Kerr nonlinearity, fifth-order nonlinearity and cross-Kerr nonlinearity of multiple quantum dots, which are coupled by multiple tunneling, are investigated by using the probability amplitude method. It is found that the linear and nonlinear properties of multiple quantum dots can be modified by the tunneling intensity and energy splitting of the system. Most importantly, it is possible to realize enhanced self-Kerr nonlinearity, fifth-order nonlinearity and cross-Kerr nonlinearity with low linear absorption by choosing suitable parameters for the multiple quantum dots. These results have many potential applications in nonlinear optics and quantum information devices using semiconductor quantum dots.
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Borges HS, Oliveira MH, Villas-Boas CJ. Influence of the asymmetric excited state decay on coherent population trapping. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7132. [PMID: 28769088 PMCID: PMC5541112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an optical phenomenon which allows a drastic modification of the optical properties of an atomic system by applying a control field. It has been largely studied in the last decades and nowadays we can find a huge number of experimental and theoretical related studies. Recently a similar phenomenon was also shown in quantum dot molecules (QDM), where the control field is replaced by the tunneling rate between quantum dots. Our results show that in the EIT regime, the optical properties of QDM and the atomic system are identical. However, here we show that in the strong probe field regime, i.e., “coherent population trapping” (CPT) regime, it appears a strong discrepancy on the optical properties of both systems. We show that the origin of such difference relies on the different decay rates of the excited state of the two systems, implying in a strong difference on their higher order nonlinear susceptibilities. Finally, we investigate the optical response of atom/QDM strongly coupled to a cavity mode. In particular, the QDM-cavity system has the advantage of allowing a better narrowing of the width of the dark state resonance in the CPT regime when compared with atom-cavity system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Borges
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - M H Oliveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C J Villas-Boas
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tian SC, Wan RG, Wang CL, Shu SL, Wang LJ, Tong CZ. Creation and Transfer of Coherence via Technique of Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage in Triple Quantum Dots. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:219. [PMID: 27107772 PMCID: PMC4842202 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for creation and transfer of coherence among ground state and indirect exciton states of triple quantum dots via the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Compared with the traditional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, the Stokes laser pulse is replaced by the tunneling pulse, which can be controlled by the externally applied voltages. By varying the amplitudes and sequences of the pump and tunneling pulses, a complete coherence transfer or an equal coherence distribution among multiple states can be obtained. The investigations can provide further insight for the experimental development of controllable coherence transfer in semiconductor structure and may have potential applications in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Ren-Gang Wan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Chun-Liang Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shi-Li Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Li-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Chun-Zhu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Optophononics with coupled quantum dots. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3299. [PMID: 24534815 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern technology is founded on the intimate understanding of how to utilize and control electrons. Next to electrons, nature uses phonons, quantized vibrations of an elastic structure, to carry energy, momentum and even information through solids. Phonons permeate the crystalline components of modern technology, yet in terms of technological utilization phonons are far from being on par with electrons. Here we demonstrate how phonons can be employed to render a single quantum dot pair optically transparent. This phonon-induced transparency is realized via the formation of a molecular polaron, the result of a Fano-type quantum interference, which proves that we have accomplished making typically incoherent and dissipative phonons behave in a coherent and non-dissipative manner. We find the transparency to be widely tunable by electronic and optical means. Thereby we show amplification of weakest coupling channels. We further outline the molecular polaron's potential as a control element in phononic circuitry architecture.
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Sköld N, Boyer de la Giroday A, Bennett AJ, Farrer I, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. Electrical control of the exciton fine structure of a quantum dot molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:016804. [PMID: 23383823 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.016804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We electrically control the coherent mixing of the optically bright spin states of excitons confined in InAs/GaAs quantum dot molecules. By tunnel coupling two quantum dots, using a vertical electric field, the exciton fine structure splitting and eigenstate orientation relative to the crystal lattice are tuned. We model the electric field dependent anisotropic electron-hole exchange interaction accurately and propose that the controllable mixing of the spin states will enable electrically controlled quantum operations on exciton spin qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sköld
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, United Kingdom.
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