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Hypersatellite Kα Production in Trapped Ar Ions at KK Trielectronic Recombination Energies. ATOMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms11030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report measurements of hypersatellite radiation of argon ions in the electron energy region of 5200 eV to 7500 eV. Here, we observed a strong enhancement of this hypersatellite Kαh production. Trielectronic recombination (TR) is discussed as a possible channel for Kαh production leading to this enhancement where main TR resonances are expected to occur. Data analysis was mainly based on the extracted intensity ratio of hypersatellite Kαh to Kα lines (Kαh/Kα). In addition, the collisional excitation and the collisional ionisation of the K-shell ions were modeled as main background processes of the Kα X-ray production. The Kαh/Kα intensity ratio shows a significant rise around 6500 eV electron energy by a factor of about two above the background level. This observation is compared with calculations of the expected electron energies for the resonant Kαh emission due to the KK TR process. The observed rise as a function of the electron collision energy, which occurs in the vicinity of the predicted TR resonances, is significantly stronger and energetically much wider than the results of theoretical calculations for the TR process. However, the experimental evidence of this process is not definitive.
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Higher-Order Recombination Processes in Argon Ions Observed via X-ray Emission in an EBIT. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In electron–ion collisions, recombination processes play a very important role. Recently, multielectron recombination processes have been highly investigated, as they carry information about electron–electron interaction. Among them, the most basic process is dielectronic recombination (DR). The research presented here was conducted using an EBIT at Jagiellonian University. Using X-ray spectroscopy, we conducted research into K-LL, K-LM, K-LN, K-LO and K-MM resonances. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the intershell higher-order recombination processes in collected spectra. A good resolution for the K-LL DR spectrum made it possible to distinguish structures for He- up to C-like Ar ions.
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Micke P, Kühn S, Buchauer L, Harries JR, Bücking TM, Blaum K, Cieluch A, Egl A, Hollain D, Kraemer S, Pfeifer T, Schmidt PO, Schüssler RX, Schweiger C, Stöhlker T, Sturm S, Wolf RN, Bernitt S, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. The Heidelberg compact electron beam ion traps. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:063109. [PMID: 29960545 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam ion traps (EBITs) are ideal tools for both production and study of highly charged ions (HCIs). In order to reduce their construction, maintenance, and operation costs, we have developed a novel, compact, room-temperature design, the Heidelberg Compact EBIT (HC-EBIT). Four already commissioned devices operate at the strongest fields (up to 0.86 T) reported for such EBITs using permanent magnets, run electron beam currents up to 80 mA, and energies up to 10 keV. They demonstrate HCI production, trapping, and extraction of pulsed Ar16+ bunches and continuous 100 pA ion beams of highly charged Xe up to charge state 29+, already with a 4 mA, 2 keV electron beam. Moreover, HC-EBITs offer large solid-angle ports and thus high photon count rates, e.g., in x-ray spectroscopy of dielectronic recombination in HCIs up to Fe24+, achieving an electron-energy resolving power of E/ΔE > 1500 at 5 keV. Besides traditional on-axis electron guns, we have also implemented a novel off-axis gun for laser, synchrotron, and free-electron laser applications, offering clear optical access along the trap axis. We report on its first operation at a synchrotron radiation facility demonstrating the resonant photoexcitation of highly charged oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Buchauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J R Harries
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - T M Bücking
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Cieluch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Egl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hollain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kraemer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R X Schüssler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ch Schweiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Stöhlker
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R N Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Blessenohl MA, Dobrodey S, Warnecke C, Rosner MK, Graham L, Paul S, Baumann TM, Hockenbery Z, Hubele R, Pfeifer T, Ames F, Dilling J, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. An electron beam ion trap and source for re-acceleration of rare-isotope ion beams at TRIUMF. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:052401. [PMID: 29864823 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam driven ionization can produce highly charged ions (HCIs) in a few well-defined charge states. Ideal conditions for this are maximally focused electron beams and an extremely clean vacuum environment. A cryogenic electron beam ion trap fulfills these prerequisites and delivers very pure HCI beams. The Canadian rare isotope facility with electron beam ion source-electron beam ion sources developed at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK) reaches already for a 5 keV electron beam and a current of 1 A with a density in excess of 5000 A/cm2 by means of a 6 T axial magnetic field. Within the trap, the beam quickly generates a dense HCI population, tightly confined by a space-charge potential of the order of 1 keV times the ionic charge state. Emitting HCI bunches of ≈107 ions at up to 100 Hz repetition rate, the device will charge-breed rare-isotope beams with the mass-over-charge ratio required for re-acceleration at the Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory (ARIEL) facility at TRIUMF. We present here its design and results from commissioning runs at MPIK, including X-ray diagnostics of the electron beam and charge-breeding process, as well as ion injection and HCI-extraction measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Blessenohl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Dobrodey
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Warnecke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M K Rosner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Graham
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Paul
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T M Baumann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Hockenbery
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Hubele
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Ames
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
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Shah C, Amaro P, Steinbrügge R, Beilmann C, Bernitt S, Fritzsche S, Surzhykov A, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Tashenov S. Strong higher-order resonant contributions to x-ray line polarization in hot plasmas. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:061201. [PMID: 27415199 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We studied angular distributions of x rays emitted in resonant recombination of highly charged iron and krypton ions, resolving dielectronic, trielectronic, and quadruelectronic channels. A tunable electron beam drove these processes, inducing x rays registered by two detectors mounted along and perpendicular to the beam axis. The measured emission asymmetries comprehensively benchmarked full-order atomic calculations. We conclude that accurate polarization diagnostics of hot plasmas can only be obtained under the premise of inclusion of higher-order processes that were neglected in earlier work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Shah
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pedro Amaro
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rene Steinbrügge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Beilmann
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Fritzsche
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Stanislav Tashenov
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Müller A, Borovik A, Buhr T, Hellhund J, Holste K, Kilcoyne ALD, Klumpp S, Martins M, Ricz S, Viefhaus J, Schippers S. Observation of a four-electron Auger process in near-K-edge photoionization of singly charged carbon ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:013002. [PMID: 25615465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single, double, and triple ionization of C(1+) ions by single photons is investigated in the energy range of 286-326 eV, i.e., in the range from the lowest-energy K-vacancy resonances to well beyond the K-shell ionization threshold. Clear signatures of C(1+)(1s2s(2)2p(2) (2)D,(2)P) resonances are found in the triple-ionization channel. The only possible mechanism producing C(4+)(1s(2)) via these resonances is direct triple-Auger decay, i.e., a four-electron process with simultaneous emission of three electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Müller
- Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Borovik
- Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - T Buhr
- Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Hellhund
- Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - K Holste
- Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A L D Kilcoyne
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8225, USA
| | - S Klumpp
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Ricz
- Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany and Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - S Schippers
- Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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