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Plini ERG, Melnychuk MC, Harkin A, Dahl MJ, McAuslan M, Kühn S, Boyle RT, Whelan R, Andrews R, Düzel S, Dreweilies J, Wagner GG, Lindenberger U, Norman K, Robertson IH, Dockree PM. Erratum to: Dietary Tyrosine Intake (FFQ) Is Associated with Locus Coeruleus, Attention and Grey Matter Maintenance: An MRI Structural Study on 398 Healthy Individuals of the Berlin Aging Study-II. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1288. [PMID: 38242606 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele R G Plini
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - M C Melnychuk
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Harkin
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J Dahl
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 90089, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M McAuslan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - R T Boyle
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - R Whelan
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Andrews
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Düzel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Friede Springer Cardiovascular prevention center at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Dreweilies
- Lise Meitner Group for Enviromental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - G G Wagner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 90089, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, MA, USA; Lise Meitner Group for Enviromental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - K Norman
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785, Berlin, Germany
| | - I H Robertson
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P M Dockree
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ, Dublin, Ireland
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Monov G, Stein H, Klock L, Gallinat J, Kühn S, Murphy P, Donner T. P-116 Cortical dynamics of working memory maintenance in human aging. Clin Neurophysiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Dahl M, Bachman S, Dutt S, Düzel S, Bodammer N, Lindenberger U, Kühn S, Werkle-Bergner M, Mather M. FV 12 The integrity of dopaminergic and noradrenergic brain regions is associated with different aspects of late-life memory performance. Clin Neurophysiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Plini ERG, Melnychuk MC, Harkin A, Dahl MJ, McAuslan M, Kühn S, Boyle RT, Whelan R, Andrews R, Düzel S, Drewelies J, Wagner GG, Lindenberger U, Norman K, Robertson IH, Dockree PM. Dietary Tyrosine Intake (FFQ) Is Associated with Locus Coeruleus, Attention and Grey Matter Maintenance: An MRI Structural Study on 398 Healthy Individuals of the Berlin Aging Study-II. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1174-1187. [PMID: 38151868 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It is documented that low protein and amino-acid dietary intake is related to poorer cognitive health and increased risk of dementia. Degradation of the neuromodulatory pathways, (comprising the cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems) is observed in neurodegenerative diseases and impairs the proper biosynthesis of key neuromodulators from micro-nutrients and amino acids. How these micro-nutrients are linked to neuromodulatory pathways in healthy adults is less studied. The Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) is the earliest subcortical structure affected in Alzheimer's disease, showing marked neurodegeneration, but is also sensitive for age-related changes. The LC-NA system is critical for supporting attention and cognitive control, functions that are enhanced both by tyrosine administration and chronic tyrosine intake. The purpose of this study was to 1) investigate whether the dietary intake of tyrosine, the key precursor for noradrenaline (NA), is related to LC signal intensity 2) whether LC mediates the reported association between tyrosine intake and higher cognitive performance (measured with Trail Making Test - TMT), and 3) whether LC signal intensity relates to an objective measure of brain maintenance (BrainPAD). METHODS The analyses included 398 3T MRIs of healthy participants from the Berlin Aging Study II to investigate the relationship between LC signal intensity and habitual dietary tyrosine intake-daily average (HD-Tyr-IDA - measured with Food Frequency Questionnaire - FFQ). As a control procedure, the same analyses were repeated on other main seeds of the neuromodulators' subcortical system (Dorsal and Medial Raphe, Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Basalis of Meynert). In the same way, the relationships between the five nuclei and BrainPAD were tested. RESULTS Results show that HD-Tyr-IDA is positively associated with LC signal intensity. Similarly, LC disproportionally relates to better brain maintenance (BrainPAD). Mediation analyses reveal that only LC, relative to the other nuclei tested, mediates the relationship between HD-Tyr-IDA I and performance in the TMT and between HD-Tyr-IDA and BrainPAD. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence linking tyrosine intake with LC-NA system signal intensity and its correlation with neuropsychological performance. This study strengthens the role of diet for maintaining brain and cognitive health and supports the noradrenergic theory of cognitive reserve. Within this framework, adequate tyrosine intake might increase the resilience of LC-NA system functioning, by preventing degeneration and supporting noradrenergic metabolism required for LC function and neuropsychological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R G Plini
- Emanuele RG Plini, Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, 42A Pearse St, 8PVX+GJ Dublin, Ireland,
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Stobbe E, Sundermann J, Ascone L, Kühn S. Birdsongs alleviate anxiety and paranoia in healthy participants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16414. [PMID: 36229489 PMCID: PMC9561536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of urban (traffic noise) vs. natural (birdsongs) soundscapes on mood, state paranoia, and cognitive performance, hypothesizing that birdsongs lead to significant improvements in these outcomes. An additional goal was to explore the differential impact of lower vs. higher diversity of the soundscapes by manipulating the number of different typical traffic sounds or songs of different bird species within the respective soundscapes. In a randomized online experiment, N = 295 participants were exposed to one out of four conditions for 6 min: traffic noise low, traffic noise high, birdsong low, and birdsong high diversity soundscapes. Before and after the exposure, participants performed a digit-span and dual n-back task, and filled out depression, anxiety, and paranoia questionnaires. The traffic noise soundscapes were associated with a significant increase in depression (small effect size in low, medium effect size in high diversity condition). Concerning the birdsong conditions, depression exclusively decreased after exposure to the high diversity soundscape (small effect size). Anxiety and paranoia significantly decreased in both birdsong conditions (medium effect sizes). For cognition, no effects were observed. In sum, the present study suggests that listening to birdsongs regardless of diversity improves anxiety, while traffic noise, also regardless of diversity, is related to higher depressiveness. Moreover, for the first time, beneficial, medium-sized effects of birdsong soundscapes were demonstrated, reducing paranoia. Overall, the results bear interesting implications for further research, such as actively manipulating soundscapes in different environments or settings (e.g., psychiatric wards) and testing their effect on subclinical or even clinical manifestations of anxiety and paranoia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stobbe
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Sundermann
- Neuronal Plasticity Working Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Ascone
- Neuronal Plasticity Working Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Neuronal Plasticity Working Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Sönksen ES, Kühn S, Noblé JH, Tank J, Limper U. Adaptationsmechanismen des Zentralen Nervensystems während eines schweren normobaren Hypoxie-Trainings und die anschließende Regeneration. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E S Sönksen
- Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin der Luftwaffe, Radiologie, Fürstenfeldbruck
| | - S Kühn
- Abteilung für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Bundeswehrzentralkrankenhaus, Koblenz
| | - J H Noblé
- Bildgebende Diagnostik, Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin der Luftwaffe, Fürstenfeldbruck
| | - J Tank
- Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Köln
| | - U Limper
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Köln
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Stierhof J, Kühn S, Winter M, Micke P, Steinbrügge R, Shah C, Hell N, Bissinger M, Hirsch M, Ballhausen R, Lang M, Gräfe C, Wipf S, Cumbee R, Betancourt-Martinez GL, Park S, Niskanen J, Chung M, Porter FS, Stöhlker T, Pfeifer T, Brown GV, Bernitt S, Hansmann P, Wilms J, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Leutenegger MA. A new benchmark of soft X-ray transition energies of Ne , CO 2 , and SF 6 : paving a pathway towards ppm accuracy. Eur Phys J D At Mol Opt Phys 2022; 76:38. [PMID: 35273463 PMCID: PMC8888507 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A key requirement for the correct interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra is that transition energies are known with high accuracy and precision. We investigate the K-shell features of Ne , CO 2 , and SF 6 gases, by measuring their photo ion-yield spectra at the BESSY II synchrotron facility simultaneously with the 1s-np fluorescence emission of He-like ions produced in the Polar-X EBIT. Accurate ab initio calculations of transitions in these ions provide the basis of the calibration. While the CO 2 result agrees well with previous measurements, the SF 6 spectrum appears shifted by ∼ 0.5 eV, about twice the uncertainty of the earlier results. Our result for Ne shows a large departure from earlier results, but may suffer from larger systematic effects than our other measurements. The molecular spectra agree well with our results of time-dependent density functional theory. We find that the statistical uncertainty allows calibrations in the desired range of 1-10 meV, however, systematic contributions still limit the uncertainty to ∼ 40-100 meV, mainly due to the temporal stability of the monochromator energy scale. Combining our absolute calibration technique with a relative energy calibration technique such as photoelectron energy spectroscopy will be necessary to realize its full potential of achieving uncertainties as low as 1-10 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stierhof
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S. Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Winter
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P. Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - R. Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Shah
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - N. Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - M. Bissinger
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M. Hirsch
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - R. Ballhausen
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M. Lang
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C. Gräfe
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S. Wipf
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R. Cumbee
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - G. L. Betancourt-Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S. Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J. Niskanen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - F. S. Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - T. Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. V. Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - S. Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - P. Hansmann
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | | | - M. A. Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
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Funcke L, Hartung T, Jansen K, Kühn S, Schneider M, Stornati P, Wang X. Towards quantum simulations in particle physics and beyond on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20210062. [PMID: 34923847 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We review two algorithmic advances that bring us closer to reliable quantum simulations of model systems in high-energy physics and beyond on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The first method is the dimensional expressivity analysis of quantum circuits, which allows for constructing minimal but maximally expressive quantum circuits. The second method is an efficient mitigation of readout errors on quantum devices. Both methods can lead to significant improvements in quantum simulations, e.g. when variational quantum eigensolvers are used. This article is part of the theme issue 'Quantum technologies in particle physics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Funcke
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Co-Design Center for Quantum Advantage, and NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 2Y5
| | - T Hartung
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, 4 West, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - K Jansen
- NIC, DESY Zeuthen, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - M Schneider
- NIC, DESY Zeuthen, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Stornati
- NIC, DESY Zeuthen, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - X Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Stark J, Warnecke C, Bogen S, Chen S, Dijck EA, Kühn S, Rosner MK, Graf A, Nauta J, Oelmann JH, Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Liebert D, Spieß LJ, King SA, Leopold T, Micke P, Schmidt PO, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. An ultralow-noise superconducting radio-frequency ion trap for frequency metrology with highly charged ions. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:083203. [PMID: 34470420 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel ultrastable superconducting radio-frequency (RF) ion trap realized as a combination of an RF cavity and a linear Paul trap. Its RF quadrupole mode at 34.52 MHz reaches a quality factor of Q ≈ 2.3 × 105 at a temperature of 4.1 K and is used to radially confine ions in an ultralow-noise pseudopotential. This concept is expected to strongly suppress motional heating rates and related frequency shifts that limit the ultimate accuracy achieved in advanced ion traps for frequency metrology. Running with its low-vibration cryogenic cooling system, electron-beam ion trap, and deceleration beamline supplying highly charged ions (HCIs), the superconducting trap offers ideal conditions for optical frequency metrology with ionic species. We report its proof-of-principle operation as a quadrupole-mass filter with HCIs and trapping of Doppler-cooled 9Be+ Coulomb crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stark
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Warnecke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bogen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E A Dijck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M K Rosner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Graf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nauta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-H Oelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Schmöger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Liebert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L J Spieß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A King
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Leopold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Kübel M, Wustelt P, Zhang Y, Skruszewicz S, Hoff D, Würzler D, Kang H, Zille D, Adolph D, Paulus GG, Sayler AM, Dumergue M, Nayak A, Flender R, Haizer L, Kurucz M, Kiss B, Kühn S, Fetić B, Milošević DB. High-Order Phase-Dependent Asymmetry in the Above-Threshold Ionization Plateau. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:113201. [PMID: 33798357 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Above-threshold ionization spectra from cesium are measured as a function of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) using laser pulses centered at 3.1 μm wavelength. The directional asymmetry in the energy spectra of backscattered electrons oscillates three times, rather than once, as the CEP is changed from 0 to 2π. Using the improved strong-field approximation, we show that the unusual behavior arises from the interference of few quantum orbits. We discuss the conditions for observing the high-order CEP dependence, and draw an analogy with time-domain holography with electron wave packets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kübel
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - P Wustelt
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Hoff
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Würzler
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - H Kang
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Zille
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Adolph
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - G G Paulus
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A M Sayler
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and Benedictine College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Atchison, Kansas 66002, USA
| | - M Dumergue
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - A Nayak
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - R Flender
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - L Haizer
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - M Kurucz
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - B Kiss
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - S Kühn
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - B Fetić
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - D B Milošević
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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11
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Ascone L, Kling C, Wieczorek J, Koch C, Kühn S. A longitudinal, randomized experimental pilot study to investigate the effects of airborne ultrasound on human mental health, cognition, and brain structure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5814. [PMID: 33712644 PMCID: PMC7955070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-(US) emitting sources are highly present in modern human environments (e.g., movement sensors, electric transformers). US affecting humans or even posing a health hazard remains understudied. Hence, ultrasonic (22.4 kHz) vs. sham devices were installed in participants' bedrooms, and active for 28 nights. Somatic and psychiatric symptoms, sound-sensitivity, sleep quality, executive function, and structural MRI were assessed pre-post. Somatization (possible nocebo) and phasic alertness increased significantly in sham, accuracy in a flexibility task decreased significantly in the verum condition (indicating hastier responses). Effects were not sustained after p-level adjustment. Exploratory voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed regional grey matter (rGMV) but no regional white matter volume changes in verum (relative to placebo). rGMV increased in bilateral cerebellum VIIb/Crus II and anterior cingulate (BA24). There were rGMV decreases in two bilateral frontal clusters: in the middle frontal gyri/opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (BA46, 44), and the superior frontal gyri (BA4 ,6, 8). No brain-behavior-links were identified. Given the overall pattern of results, it is suggested that ultrasound may particularly induce regional gray matter decline in frontal areas, however with yet unclear behavioral consequences. Given the localization of clusters, candidate behavioral variables for follow-up investigation are complex motor control/coordination, stress regulation, speech processing, and inhibition tasks.Trial registration: The trial was registered at NIH www.clinicaltrials.gov , trial identifier: NCT03459183, trial name: SonicBrain01, full trial protocol available here: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03459183 .
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ascone
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuronal Plasticity Working Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - C Kling
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Wieczorek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Koch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuronal Plasticity Working Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Wagner IC, Konrad BN, Schuster P, Weisig S, Repantis D, Ohla K, Kühn S, Fernández G, Steiger A, Lamm C, Czisch M, Dresler M. Durable memories and efficient neural coding through mnemonic training using the method of loci. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/10/eabc7606. [PMID: 33658191 PMCID: PMC7929507 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mnemonic techniques, such as the method of loci, can powerfully boost memory. We compared memory athletes ranked among the world's top 50 in memory sports to mnemonics-naïve controls. In a second study, participants completed a 6-week memory training, working memory training, or no intervention. Behaviorally, memory training enhanced durable, longer-lasting memories. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during encoding and recognition revealed task-based activation decreases in lateral prefrontal, as well as in parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices in both memory athletes and participants after memory training, partly associated with better performance after 4 months. This was complemented by hippocampal-neocortical coupling during consolidation, which was stronger the more durable memories participants formed. Our findings advance knowledge on how mnemonic training boosts durable memory formation through decreased task-based activation and increased consolidation thereafter. This is in line with conceptual accounts of neural efficiency and highlights a complex interplay of neural processes critical for extraordinary memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Wagner
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, Netherlands.
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - B N Konrad
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - P Schuster
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - S Weisig
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - D Repantis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Ohla
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, Netherlands
| | - A Steiger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - C Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Czisch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - M Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
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13
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Ascone L, Kling C, Wieczorek J, Koch C, Kühn S. A longitudinal, randomized experimental pilot study to investigate the effects of airborne infrasound on human mental health, cognition, and brain structure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3190. [PMID: 33542290 PMCID: PMC7862356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne infrasound (IS; emitted by e.g., large machinery, wind farms) is ubiquitous in technologized environments. Health hazards are controversially discussed at present. This study investigated long-term effects of IS on brain (regional grey matter volume; rGMV) and behavior in humans. Specifically engineered infrasonic (6 Hz, 80-90 dB) vs. sham devices were installed in participants' (N = 38) bedrooms and active for 28 nights. Somatic and psychiatric symptoms, sound-sensitivity, sleep quality, cognitive performance, and structural MRI were assessed pre-post. Null findings emerged for all behavioral variables. Exploratory analyses revealed a trend (p = .083) with individuals exposed to IS reporting more physical weakness at post-test (d = 0.38). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed no rGMV increases, but there were decreases within clusters in the cerebellum VIIIa (bilateral) and left angular gyrus (BA39) in verum. In conclusion, IS does not affect healthy individuals on a global scale. However, future trials should consider more fine-grained specific effects, combining self-report with physiological assessments, particularly directed at bodily sensations and perception. As no brain-behavior-links could be established, the identified grey matter decline cannot be interpreted in terms of potential harmfulness vs. improvement through IS-exposure. Parameters that may best reflect brain changes as established in the present study include motor function, sensory processing/ bodily- and motor-perceptions, working memory, and higher auditory processing (i.e., language-related tasks), which are hence potential target variables for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ascone
- Neuronal Plasticity Working Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - C Kling
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Wieczorek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Koch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Neuronal Plasticity Working Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Leutenegger MA, Kühn S, Micke P, Steinbrügge R, Stierhof J, Shah C, Hell N, Bissinger M, Hirsch M, Ballhausen R, Lang M, Gräfe C, Wipf S, Cumbee R, Betancourt-Martinez GL, Park S, Yerokhin VA, Surzhykov A, Stolte WC, Niskanen J, Chung M, Porter FS, Stöhlker T, Pfeifer T, Wilms J, Brown GV, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Bernitt S. High-Precision Determination of Oxygen K_{α} Transition Energy Excludes Incongruent Motion of Interstellar Oxygen. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:243001. [PMID: 33412031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a widely applicable technique to absolutely calibrate the energy scale of x-ray spectra with experimentally well-known and accurately calculable transitions of highly charged ions, allowing us to measure the K-shell Rydberg spectrum of molecular O_{2} with 8 meV uncertainty. We reveal a systematic ∼450 meV shift from previous literature values, and settle an extraordinary discrepancy between astrophysical and laboratory measurements of neutral atomic oxygen, the latter being calibrated against the aforementioned O_{2} literature values. Because of the widespread use of such, now deprecated, references, our method impacts on many branches of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, it potentially reduces absolute uncertainties there to below the meV level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Stierhof
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C Shah
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Bissinger
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Hirsch
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - R Ballhausen
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M Lang
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C Gräfe
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S Wipf
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R Cumbee
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G L Betancourt-Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - V A Yerokhin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Surzhykov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W C Stolte
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Niskanen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - M Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - F S Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Wilms
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - G V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - S Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Makos I, Orfanos I, Nayak A, Peschel J, Major B, Liontos I, Skantzakis E, Papadakis N, Kalpouzos C, Dumergue M, Kühn S, Varju K, Johnsson P, L'Huillier A, Tzallas P, Charalambidis D. Α 10-gigawatt attosecond source for non-linear XUV optics and XUV-pump-XUV-probe studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3759. [PMID: 32111920 PMCID: PMC7048767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantum mechanical motion of electrons and nuclei in systems spatially confined to the molecular dimensions occurs on the sub-femtosecond to the femtosecond timescales respectively. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic and, in specific cases, nuclear dynamics requires the availability of light pulses with attosecond (asec) duration and of sufficient intensity to induce two-photon processes, essential for probing the intrinsic system dynamics. The majority of atoms, molecules and solids absorb in the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region, in which the synthesis of the required attosecond pulses is feasible. Therefore, the XUV spectral region optimally serves the study of such ultrafast phenomena. Here, we present a detailed review of the first 10-GW class XUV attosecond source based on laser driven high harmonic generation in rare gases. The pulse energy of this source largely exceeds other laser driven attosecond sources and is comparable to the pulse energy of femtosecond Free-Electron-Laser (FEL) XUV sources. The measured pulse duration in the attosecond pulse train is 650 ± 80 asec. The uniqueness of the combined high intensity and short pulse duration of the source is evidenced in non-linear XUV-optics experiments. It further advances the implementation of XUV-pump-XUV-probe experiments and enables the investigation of strong field effects in the XUV spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Makos
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Physics, University of Crete, GR71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - I Orfanos
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Physics, University of Crete, GR71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - A Nayak
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Physics, University of Szeged, Dom tér 9, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - J Peschel
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Major
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - I Liontos
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - E Skantzakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - N Papadakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - C Kalpouzos
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - M Dumergue
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Kühn
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - K Varju
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dom tér 9, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - P Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - A L'Huillier
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Tzallas
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - D Charalambidis
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Department of Physics, University of Crete, GR71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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16
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Tsatrafyllis N, Kühn S, Dumergue M, Foldi P, Kahaly S, Cormier E, Gonoskov IA, Kiss B, Varju K, Varro S, Tzallas P. Quantum Optical Signatures in a Strong Laser Pulse after Interaction with Semiconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:193602. [PMID: 31144948 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.193602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrodynamical processes induced in complex systems like semiconductors by strong electromagnetic fields have traditionally been described using semiclassical approaches. Although these approaches allowed the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in solids culminating in multipetahertz electronics, they do not provide any access to the quantum-optical nature of the interaction, as they treat the driving field classically and unaffected by the interaction. Here, using a full quantum-optical approach, we demonstrate that the subcycle electronic response in a strongly driven semiconductor crystal is imprinted in the quantum state of the driving field resulting in nonclassical light states carrying the information of the interaction. This vital step towards strong-field ultrafast quantum electrodynamics unravels information inaccessible by conventional approaches and leads to the development of a new class of nonclassical light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsatrafyllis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - S Kühn
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - M Dumergue
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - P Foldi
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Szeged, Dom ter 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Kahaly
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - E Cormier
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CELIA, CEA, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - I A Gonoskov
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - B Kiss
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - K Varju
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dom ter 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Varro
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Wigner Research Center for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Tzallas
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Laubach M, Lammers F, Zacharias N, Feinkohl I, Pischon T, Borchers F, Slooter AJC, Kühn S, Spies C, Winterer G. Size matters: Grey matter brain reserve predicts executive functioning in the elderly. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:172-181. [PMID: 30102906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preserved executive functioning (EF) is crucial for daily functioning in the elderly and it appears to predict dementia development. We sought to clarify the role of atrophy-corrected cortical grey matter (GM) volume as a potential brain reserve (BR) marker for EF in the elderly. In total, 206 pre-surgical subjects (72.50 ± 4.95 years; mean MMSE score 28.50) were investigated. EF was primarily assessed using the Trail Making Test B (TMT B). Global/ lobar GM volumes were acquired with T1 MP-RAGE. Adjusting for key covariates including a brain atrophy index (i.e. brain parenchymal fraction), multiple linear regression analysis was used to study associations of GM volumes and TMT B. All GM volumes - most notably of global GM - were significantly associated with TMT B independently of GM atrophy (ß = -0.201 to -0.275, p = 0.001-0.012). Using atrophy-corrected GM volume as an estimate of maximal GM size in youth may serve as a BR predictor for cognitive decline in future studies investigating BR in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laubach
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Lammers
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Zacharias
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Feinkohl
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - T Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - F Borchers
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - A J C Slooter
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - S Kühn
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Spies
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Micke P, Kühn S, Buchauer L, Harries JR, Bücking TM, Blaum K, Cieluch A, Egl A, Hollain D, Kraemer S, Pfeifer T, Schmidt PO, Schüssler RX, Schweiger C, Stöhlker T, Sturm S, Wolf RN, Bernitt S, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. The Heidelberg compact electron beam ion traps. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:063109. [PMID: 29960545 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam ion traps (EBITs) are ideal tools for both production and study of highly charged ions (HCIs). In order to reduce their construction, maintenance, and operation costs, we have developed a novel, compact, room-temperature design, the Heidelberg Compact EBIT (HC-EBIT). Four already commissioned devices operate at the strongest fields (up to 0.86 T) reported for such EBITs using permanent magnets, run electron beam currents up to 80 mA, and energies up to 10 keV. They demonstrate HCI production, trapping, and extraction of pulsed Ar16+ bunches and continuous 100 pA ion beams of highly charged Xe up to charge state 29+, already with a 4 mA, 2 keV electron beam. Moreover, HC-EBITs offer large solid-angle ports and thus high photon count rates, e.g., in x-ray spectroscopy of dielectronic recombination in HCIs up to Fe24+, achieving an electron-energy resolving power of E/ΔE > 1500 at 5 keV. Besides traditional on-axis electron guns, we have also implemented a novel off-axis gun for laser, synchrotron, and free-electron laser applications, offering clear optical access along the trap axis. We report on its first operation at a synchrotron radiation facility demonstrating the resonant photoexcitation of highly charged oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Buchauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J R Harries
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - T M Bücking
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Cieluch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Egl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hollain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kraemer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R X Schüssler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ch Schweiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Stöhlker
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R N Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Duezel S, Drewelies J, Demuth I, Gerstorf D, Lindenberger U, Kühn S. PERCEIVED LONELINESS AND ITS BRAIN STRUCTURAL CORRELATES AND ASSOCIATION WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Duezel
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,
| | | | - I. Demuth
- Charite – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,
| | | | - U. Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing, Berlin, Germany,
| | - S. Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Kühn S, Josipovic N, Kasper L, Riener MO, Rieger UM, Bozkurt A. Occurence of Paget's Disease in a Reconstructed Nipple 25 years after Performing Nipple Sharing Technique. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2017; 49:132-133. [PMID: 28324905 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-119723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Kühn
- Klinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main
| | - N Josipovic
- Klinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main
| | - L Kasper
- Klinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main
| | - M-O Riener
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Pathologie, Pathologie, Frankfurt
| | - U M Rieger
- Klinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main
| | - A Bozkurt
- Klinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main
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Butler O, Adolf J, Gleich T, Willmund G, Zimmermann P, Lindenberger U, Gallinat J, Kühn S. Military deployment correlates with smaller prefrontal gray matter volume and psychological symptoms in a subclinical population. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1031. [PMID: 28195568 PMCID: PMC5438025 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Research investigating the effects of trauma exposure on brain structure and function in adults has mainly focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), whereas trauma-exposed individuals without a clinical diagnoses often serve as controls. However, this assumes a dichotomy between clinical and subclinical populations that may not be supported at the neural level. In the current study we investigate whether the effects of repeated or long-term stress exposure on brain structure in a subclinical sample are similar to previous PTSD neuroimaging findings. We assessed 27 combat trauma-exposed individuals by means of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry on 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scans and identified a negative association between duration of military deployment and gray matter volumes in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We also found a negative relationship between deployment-related gray matter volumes and psychological symptoms, but not between military deployment and psychological symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first whole-brain analysis showing that longer military deployment is associated with smaller regional brain volumes in combat-exposed individuals without PTSD. Notably, the observed gray matter associations resemble those previously identified in PTSD populations, and concern regions involved in emotional regulation and fear extinction. These findings question the current dichotomy between clinical and subclinical populations in PTSD neuroimaging research. Instead, neural correlates of both stress exposure and PTSD symptomatology may be more meaningfully investigated at a continuous level.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Butler
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Adolf
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Gleich
- Charité University Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Willmund
- Psychotrauma Center of the German Military, Military Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Zimmermann
- Psychotrauma Center of the German Military, Military Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- European University Institute, Department of Political and Social Sciences, Badia Fiesolana, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Gallinat
- University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Kühn S, Heils R, Sluyter G, Christlieb MA, Smirnova I, Liese A. Simultane Reaktion und Produktabtrennung in der Biokatalyse: Enzymatische Reaktivrektifikation zur Synthese chiraler Produkte. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Christlieb MA, Kühn S, Heils R, Stöbener A, Smirnova I, Liese A. Ortsaufgelöste Analytik in der enzymkatalysierten Reaktivrektifikation. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Kunath N, Müller NCJ, Tonon M, Konrad BN, Pawlowski M, Kopczak A, Elbau I, Uhr M, Kühn S, Repantis D, Ohla K, Müller TD, Fernández G, Tschöp M, Czisch M, Steiger A, Dresler M. Ghrelin modulates encoding-related brain function without enhancing memory formation in humans. Neuroimage 2016; 142:465-473. [PMID: 27402596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin regulates energy homeostasis in various species and enhances memory in rodent models. In humans, the role of ghrelin in cognitive processes has yet to be characterized. Here we show in a double-blind randomized crossover design that acute administration of ghrelin alters encoding-related brain activity, however does not enhance memory formation in humans. Twenty-one healthy young male participants had to memorize food- and non-food-related words presented on a background of a virtual navigational route while undergoing fMRI recordings. After acute ghrelin administration, we observed decreased post-encoding resting state fMRI connectivity between the caudate nucleus and the insula, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex. In addition, brain activity related to subsequent memory performance was modulated by ghrelin. On the next day, however, no differences were found in free word recall or cued location-word association recall between conditions; and ghrelin's effects on brain activity or functional connectivity were unrelated to memory performance. Further, ghrelin had no effect on a cognitive test battery comprising tests for working memory, fluid reasoning, creativity, mental speed, and attention. In conclusion, in contrast to studies with animal models, we did not find any evidence for the potential of ghrelin acting as a short-term cognitive enhancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kunath
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - N C J Müller
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Tonon
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - B N Konrad
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Pawlowski
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - A Kopczak
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - I Elbau
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Repantis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CBF, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Ohla
- German Institute for Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - T D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Czisch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - A Steiger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M Dresler
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Until now, hypersexuality has not found entry into the common diagnostic classification systems. However it is a frequently discussed phenomenon consisting of excessive sexual appetite that is maladaptive for the individual. Initial studies investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of hypersexuality, but current literature is still insufficient to draw unequivocal conclusions. In the present review, we summarize and discuss findings from various perspectives: neuroimaging and lesion studies, studies on other neurological disorders that are sometimes accompanied by hypersexuality, neuropharmacological evidence, genetic as well as animal studies. Taken together, the evidence seems to imply that alterations in the frontal lobe, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, and brain regions that process reward play a prominent role in the emergence of hypersexuality. Genetic studies and neuropharmacological treatment approaches point at an involvement of the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kühn
- University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Gallinat
- University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany
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Kühn S, Weber D, Lerch M, Ressler T. Effects of Anion Substitution in (Mo,V) 5O 14on Catalytic Performance in Selective Propene Oxidation to Acrolein. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kühn
- Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - D. Weber
- Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - M. Lerch
- Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - T. Ressler
- Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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Besseling E, Foekema EM, Van Franeker JA, Leopold MF, Kühn S, Bravo Rebolledo EL, Heße E, Mielke L, IJzer J, Kamminga P, Koelmans AA. Microplastic in a macro filter feeder: Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 95:248-52. [PMID: 25916197 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Marine filter feeders are exposed to microplastic because of their selection of small particles as food source. Baleen whales feed by filtering small particles from large water volumes. Macroplastic was found in baleen whales before. This study is the first to show the presence of microplastic in intestines of a baleen whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Contents of its gastrointestinal tract were sieved, dissolved in 10% potassium hydroxide and washed. From the remaining dried material, potential synthetic polymer particles were selected based on density and appearance, and analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Several polymer types (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon) were found, in varying particle shapes: sheets, fragments and threads with a size of 1mm to 17cm. This diversity in polymer types and particle shapes, can be interpreted as a representation of the varying characteristics of marine plastic and the unselective way of ingestion by M. novaeangliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Besseling
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands.
| | - E M Foekema
- IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - J A Van Franeker
- IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - M F Leopold
- IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Kühn
- IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - E L Bravo Rebolledo
- IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Heße
- IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Mielke
- IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - J IJzer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80158, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Kamminga
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
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Kühn S, Gallinat J. Amount of lifetime video gaming is positively associated with entorhinal, hippocampal and occipital volume. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:842-7. [PMID: 23958958 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Playing video games is a popular leisure activity among children and adults, and may therefore potentially influence brain structure. We have previously shown a positive association between probability of gray matter (GM) volume in the ventral striatum and frequent video gaming in adolescence. Here we set out to investigate structural correlates of video gaming in adulthood, as the effects observed in adolescents may reflect only a fraction of the potential neural long-term effects seen in adults. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 62 male adults, we computed voxel-based morphometry to explore the correlation of GM with the lifetime amount of video gaming (termed joystick years). We found a significant positive association between GM in bilateral parahippocamal region (entorhinal cortex) and left occipital cortex/inferior parietal lobe and joystick years (P<0.001, corrected for multiple comparisons). An exploratory analysis showed that the entorhinal GM volume can be predicted by the video game genres played, such as logic/puzzle games and platform games contributing positively, and action-based role-playing games contributing negatively. Furthermore, joystick years were positively correlated with hippocampus volume. The association of lifetime amount of video game playing with bilateral entorhinal cortex, hippocampal and occipital GM volume could reflect adaptive neural plasticity related to navigation and visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Gallinat
- Charité University Medicine, St Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
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Kühn S, Musso F, Mobascher A, Warbrick T, Winterer G, Gallinat J. Hippocampal subfields predict positive symptoms in schizophrenia: first evidence from brain morphometry. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e127. [PMID: 22692142 PMCID: PMC3384220 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of hippocampal anatomy have been reported consistently in schizophrenia. Within the present study, we used FreeSurfer to determine hippocampal subfield volumes in 21 schizophrenic patients. A negative correlation between PANSS-positive symptom score and bilateral hippocampal subfield CA2/3 as well as CA1 volume was found on high-resolution magnetic resonance images. Our observation opens the gate for advanced investigation of the commonly reported hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenia in terms of specific subfields.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kühn
- Charité University Medicine, St Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Musso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Mobascher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Helmholtz Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - T Warbrick
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Helmholtz Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Helmholtz Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Gallinat
- Charité University Medicine, St Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Preiss A, Berger-Preiss E, Elend M, Gerling S, Kühn S, Schuchardt S. A new analytical approach for the comprehensive characterization of polar xenobiotic organic compounds downgradient of old municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2553-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Christiansen A, Backensfeld T, Kühn S, Weitschies W. Stability of the non-ionic surfactant polysorbate 80 investigated by HPLC-MS and charged aerosol detector. Pharmazie 2011; 66:666-671. [PMID: 22026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method using HPLC coupled with a charged aerosol detector (CAD) and a mass selective detector (MSD) was developed to characterize the non-ionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (PS 80). The molecular structure and heterogeneous composition due to isomers and various lengths of PEG-chains make it difficult to develop sensitive and specific analytical methods. Hence, there is only limited knowledge about the stability and purity of this compound. Polysorbate 80 does not possess any chromophore, thus UV detection is not applicable. Therefore, CAD and MSD have been used for determination. The aim of this study was to characterize polysorbate 80 and to examine its stability at pH 1.0 and 37 degrees C simulating harsh gastric conditions. It was shown that this surfactant is liable to degradation under these conditions. Within 8 h monoesters of PS 80 were hydrolyzed to an extent of 9.5% (+/- 3.0%), whereas incubation in water did not result in any detectable degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HPLC-MS is a suitable technique to investigate ethoxylated compounds like polysorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christiansen
- Analytical Development Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
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34
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Habijan T, Glogowski T, Kühn S, Pohl M, Wittsiepe J, Greulich C, Eggeler G, Schildhauer T, Köller M. Can human mesenchymal stem cells survive on a NiTi implant material subjected to cyclic loading? Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2733-9. [PMID: 21345390 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium shape memory alloys (NiTi-SMAs) exhibit mechanical and chemical properties which make them attractive candidate materials for various types of biomedical applications. However, the high nickel content of NiTi-SMAs may result in adverse tissue reactions, especially when they are considered for load-bearing implants. It is generally assumed that a protective titanium oxide layer separates the metallic alloy from its environment and that this explains the good biocompatibility of NiTi. Cyclic loading may result in failure of the protective oxide layer. The scientific objective of this work was to find out whether cyclic dynamic strain, in a range relevant for orthopedic implants, diminishes the biocompatibility of NiTi-SMAs. In order to analyze the biocompatibility of NiTi-SMA surfaces subjected to cyclic loading, NiTi-SMA tensile specimens were preloaded with mesenchymal stem cells, transferred to a sterile cell culture system and fixed to the pull rods of a tensile testing machine. Eighty-six thousand and four hundred strain cycles at 2% pseudoelastic strain were performed for a period of 24 h or 7 days. Cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF) and nickel ion release were determined within the cell culture medium. Adherent cells on the tensile specimens were stained with calcein-AM and propidium iodide to determine cell viability. Dynamic loading of the tensile specimens did not influence the viability of adherent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) after 24 h or 7 days compared with the non-strained control. Dynamic cycles of loading and unloading did not affect nickel ion release from the tensile specimens. The release of IL-6 from hMSCs cultured under dynamic conditions was significantly higher after mechanical load (873 pg ml(-1)) compared with static conditions (323 pg ml(-1)). The present work demonstrates that a new type of mechanical in vitro cell culture experiment can provide information which previously could only be obtained in large animal experiments.
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35
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Brosig B, Böttcher C, Kühn S, Wudy S. Familienfunktionen und Adhärenz in der pädiatrischen Diabetologie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Kaps A, Meinhold L, Kühn S, Takenga C, Berndt D, Schiel R. Optimierung der Diabetestagebuchführung durch Einsatz des Diabetes Management Systems Mobil Diab®. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Meierhenrich R, Hock D, Kühn S, Baltes E, Muehling B, Muche R, Georgieff M, Gorsewski G. Analgesia and pulmonary function after lung surgery: is a single intercostal nerve block plus patient-controlled intravenous morphine as effective as patient-controlled epidural anaesthesia? A randomized non-inferiority clinical trial. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:580-9. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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38
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Kühn S, Stys A, Schmidt-Zhang P, Huber M, Berendts S, Lerch M, Ressler T. Structure and Reactivity of Molybdenum Oxide Nitrides as Selective Oxidation Catalysts. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201009098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Vermeeren G, Gosselin MC, Kühn S, Kellerman V, Hadjem A, Gati A, Joseph W, Wiart J, Meyer F, Kuster N, Martens L. The influence of the reflective environment on the absorption of a human male exposed to representative base station antennas from 300 MHz to 5 GHz. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:5541-55. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/18/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Kühn S, Phillips BS, Lunt EJ, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Ultralow power trapping and fluorescence detection of single particles on an optofluidic chip. Lab Chip 2010; 10:189-94. [PMID: 20066246 PMCID: PMC2863329 DOI: 10.1039/b915750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of on-chip methods to manipulate particles is receiving rapidly increasing attention. All-optical traps offer numerous advantages, but are plagued by large required power levels on the order of hundreds of milliwatts and the inability to act exclusively on individual particles. Here, we demonstrate a fully integrated electro-optical trap for single particles with optical excitation power levels that are five orders of magnitude lower than in conventional optical force traps. The trap is based on spatio-temporal light modulation that is implemented using networks of antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides. We demonstrate the combination of on-chip trapping and fluorescence detection of single microorganisms by studying the photobleaching dynamics of stained DNA in E. coli bacteria. The favorable size scaling facilitates the trapping of single nanoparticles on integrated optofluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kühn
- School of Engineering, University of CA Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - B. S. Phillips
- ECEn Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - E. J. Lunt
- ECEn Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - A. R. Hawkins
- ECEn Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - H. Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of CA Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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41
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Walsh E, Kühn S, Brass M, Wenke D, Haggard P. EEG activations during intentional inhibition of voluntary action: An electrophysiological correlate of self-control? Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:619-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Abstract
Optical traps have become widespread tools for studying biological objects on the micro and nanoscale. However, conventional laser tweezers and traps rely on bulk optics and are not compatible with current trends in optofluidic miniaturization. Here, we report a new type of particle trap that relies on propagation loss in confined modes in liquid-core optical waveguides to trap particles. Using silica beads and E. coli bacteria, we demonstrate unique key capabilities of this trap. These include single particle trapping with micron-scale accuracy at arbitrary positions over waveguide lengths of several millimeters, definition of multiple independent particle traps in a single waveguide, and combination of optical trapping with single particle fluorescence analysis. The exclusive use of a two-dimensional network of planar waveguides strongly reduces experimental complexity and defines a new paradigm for on-chip particle control and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kühn
- School of Engineering, University of CA Santa Cruz, MS: SOE-2, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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43
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Abstract
Ultrahigh sensitivity detection of particles in solution implies the ability to detect at very low concentrations. At the single-particle level, this is achieved through fluorescence detection, reaching down to single fluorophores. Sensitivity may also be improved by concentrating many particles into a compact cluster, thus "integrating" the signal of many particles. We show how both ways can be combined on an optofluidic chip in a fully planar geometry utilizing counterpropagating liquid-core waveguide modes to form a loss-based optical trap. This all-optical concentrator can increase the concentration of particles by more than 2 orders of magnitude and also provides a convenient, nondispersive means of transport for particle ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kühn
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - E. J. Lunt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - B. S. Phillips
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - A. R. Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - H. Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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44
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Rudenko MI, Kühn S, Lunt EJ, Deamer DW, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Ultrasensitive Qbeta phage analysis using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on an optofluidic chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3258-63. [PMID: 19443207 PMCID: PMC2747795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate detection and analysis of the Qbeta bacteriophage on the single virus level using an integrated optofluidic biosensor. Individual Qbeta phages with masses on the order of attograms were sensed and analyzed on a silicon chip in their natural liquid environment without the need for virus immobilization. The diffusion coefficient of the viruses was extracted from the fluorescence signal by means of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and found to be 15.90+/-1.50 microm(2)/s in excellent agreement with previously published values. The aggregation and disintegration of the phage were also observed. Virus flow velocities determined by FCS were in the 60-300 microm/s range. This study suggests considerable potential for an inexpensive and portable sensor capable of discrimination between viruses of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Rudenko
- School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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45
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Abstract
The heating of tissues around implants during MRI can pose severe health risks, and careful evaluation is required for leads to be labeled as MR conditionally safe. A recent interlaboratory comparison study has shown that different groups can produce widely varying results (sometimes with more than a factor of 5 difference) when performing measurements according to current guidelines. To determine the related difficulties and to derive optimized procedures, two different generic lead structures have been investigated in this study by using state-of-the-art temperature and dosimetric probes, as well as simulations for which detailed uncertainty budgets have been determined. The agreement between simulations and measurements is well within the combined uncertainty. The study revealed that the uncertainty can be kept below 17% if appropriate instrumentation and procedures are applied. Optimized experimental assessment techniques can be derived from the findings presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Neufeld
- Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS), Zurich, Switzerland. Computer Vision Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
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46
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Seelig J, Leslie K, Renn A, Kühn S, Jacobsen V, van de Corput M, Wyman C, Sandoghdar V. Nanoparticle-induced fluorescence lifetime modification as nanoscopic ruler: demonstration at the single molecule level. Nano Lett 2007; 7:685-9. [PMID: 17316057 DOI: 10.1021/nl0627590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We combine interferometric detection of single gold nanoparticles, single molecule microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime measurement to study the modification of the fluorescence decay rate of an emitter close to a nanoparticle. In our experiment, gold particles with a diameter of 15 nm were attached to single dye molecules via double-stranded DNA of different lengths. Nanoparticle-induced lifetime modification (NPILM) has promise in serving as a nanoscopic ruler for the distance range well beyond 10 nm, which is the upper limit of fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET). Furthermore, the simultaneous detection of single nanoparticles and fluorescent molecules presented in this work provides new opportunities for single molecule biophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seelig
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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47
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Götzinger S, de S Menezes L, Mazzei A, Kühn S, Sandoghdar V, Benson O. Controlled photon transfer between two individual nanoemitters via shared high-Q modes of a microsphere resonator. Nano Lett 2006; 6:1151-4. [PMID: 16771571 DOI: 10.1021/nl060306p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We realize controlled cavity-mediated photon transfer between two single nanoparticles over a distance of several tens of micrometers. First, we show how a single nanoscopic emitter attached to a near-field probe can be coupled to high-Q whispering-gallery modes of a silica microsphere at will. Then we demonstrate transfer of energy between this and a second nanoparticle deposited on the sphere surface. We estimate the photon transfer efficiency to be about 6 orders of magnitude higher than that via free-space propagation at comparable separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Götzinger
- Nano-Optics, Humboldt University, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Cruse H, Kühn S, Park S, Schmitz J. Adaptive control for insect leg position: controller properties depend on substrate compliance. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2004; 190:983-91. [PMID: 15378330 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-004-0555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper concentrates on the system that controls the femur-tibia joint in the legs of the stick insect, Carausius morosus. Earlier investigations have shown that this joint is subject to a mixture of proportional and differential control whereby the differential part plays a prominent role. Experiments presented here suggest another interpretation: single legs of a stick insect were systematically perturbed using devices of different compliance and compensatory forces and movements monitored. When the compliance is high (soft spring), forces are generated that return the leg close to its original position. When the compliance is low (stiff spring), larger forces are generated but sustained changes in position occur that are proportional to the force that is applied. Selective ablation of leg sense organs showed that the leg did not maintain its position after elimination of afferents of the femoral chordotonal organ. Ablation of leg campaniform sensilla had no effect. These data support the idea that different control strategies are used, depending upon substrate compliance. In particular, what we and other authors have called a differential controller, is now considered as an integral controller that "intelligently gives up" when the correlation between motor output and movement of the leg is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cruse
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
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49
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Schroll R, Brahushi F, Dörfler U, Kühn S, Fekete J, Munch JC. Biomineralisation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in soils by an adapted microbial population. Environ Pollut 2004; 127:395-401. [PMID: 14638300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In laboratory experiments the mineralisation of 14C-labelled 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) in soils was studied by direct measurement of the evolved 14CO2. The degradation capacity of the indigenous microbial population was investigated in an agricultural soil and in a soil from a contaminated site. Very low mineralisation of 1% within 23 days was measured in the agricultural soil. Whereas in the soil from the contaminated site the mineralisation occurred very fast and in high rates; up to 62% of the initially applied amount of 1,2,4-TCB were mineralised within 23 days. The transfer of the adapted microbial population into the agricultural soil significantly enhanced the mineralisation of 1,2,4-TCB in this soil, reflecting, that the transferred microbial population survived and maintained its degradation ability in the new microbial ecosystem. Additional nutrition sources ((NH4)2HPO4) increased the mineralisation rates in the first days significantly in the contaminated soil. In the soil from the contaminated site high amounts of non extractable 14C-residues were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schroll
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Soil Ecology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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50
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Hettich C, Schmitt C, Zitzmann J, Kühn S, Gerhardt I, Sandoghdar V. Nanometer resolution and coherent optical dipole coupling of two individual molecules. Science 2002; 298:385-9. [PMID: 12215651 DOI: 10.1126/science.1075606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
By performing cryogenic laser spectroscopy under a scanning probe electrode that induces a local electric field, we have resolved two individual fluorescent molecules separated by 12 nanometers in an organic crystal. The two molecules undergo a strong coherent dipole-dipole coupling that produces entangled sub- and superradiant states. Under intense laser illumination, both molecules are excited via a two-photon transition, and the fluorescence from this doubly excited system displays photon bunching. Our experimental scheme can be used to optically resolve molecules at the nanometer scale and to manipulate the degree of entanglement among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hettich
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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