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Stierhof J, Kühn S, Winter M, Micke P, Steinbrügge R, Shah C, Hell N, Bissinger M, Hirsch M, Ballhausen R, Lang M, Gräfe C, Wipf S, Cumbee R, Betancourt-Martinez GL, Park S, Niskanen J, Chung M, Porter FS, Stöhlker T, Pfeifer T, Brown GV, Bernitt S, Hansmann P, Wilms J, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Leutenegger MA. A new benchmark of soft X-ray transition energies of Ne , CO 2 , and SF 6 : paving a pathway towards ppm accuracy. Eur Phys J D At Mol Opt Phys 2022; 76:38. [PMID: 35273463 PMCID: PMC8888507 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A key requirement for the correct interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra is that transition energies are known with high accuracy and precision. We investigate the K-shell features of Ne , CO 2 , and SF 6 gases, by measuring their photo ion-yield spectra at the BESSY II synchrotron facility simultaneously with the 1s-np fluorescence emission of He-like ions produced in the Polar-X EBIT. Accurate ab initio calculations of transitions in these ions provide the basis of the calibration. While the CO 2 result agrees well with previous measurements, the SF 6 spectrum appears shifted by ∼ 0.5 eV, about twice the uncertainty of the earlier results. Our result for Ne shows a large departure from earlier results, but may suffer from larger systematic effects than our other measurements. The molecular spectra agree well with our results of time-dependent density functional theory. We find that the statistical uncertainty allows calibrations in the desired range of 1-10 meV, however, systematic contributions still limit the uncertainty to ∼ 40-100 meV, mainly due to the temporal stability of the monochromator energy scale. Combining our absolute calibration technique with a relative energy calibration technique such as photoelectron energy spectroscopy will be necessary to realize its full potential of achieving uncertainties as low as 1-10 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stierhof
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S. Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Winter
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P. Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - R. Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Shah
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - N. Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - M. Bissinger
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M. Hirsch
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - R. Ballhausen
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M. Lang
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C. Gräfe
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S. Wipf
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R. Cumbee
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - G. L. Betancourt-Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S. Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J. Niskanen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - F. S. Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - T. Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. V. Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - S. Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - P. Hansmann
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | | | - M. A. Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
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Leutenegger MA, Kühn S, Micke P, Steinbrügge R, Stierhof J, Shah C, Hell N, Bissinger M, Hirsch M, Ballhausen R, Lang M, Gräfe C, Wipf S, Cumbee R, Betancourt-Martinez GL, Park S, Yerokhin VA, Surzhykov A, Stolte WC, Niskanen J, Chung M, Porter FS, Stöhlker T, Pfeifer T, Wilms J, Brown GV, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Bernitt S. High-Precision Determination of Oxygen K_{α} Transition Energy Excludes Incongruent Motion of Interstellar Oxygen. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:243001. [PMID: 33412031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a widely applicable technique to absolutely calibrate the energy scale of x-ray spectra with experimentally well-known and accurately calculable transitions of highly charged ions, allowing us to measure the K-shell Rydberg spectrum of molecular O_{2} with 8 meV uncertainty. We reveal a systematic ∼450 meV shift from previous literature values, and settle an extraordinary discrepancy between astrophysical and laboratory measurements of neutral atomic oxygen, the latter being calibrated against the aforementioned O_{2} literature values. Because of the widespread use of such, now deprecated, references, our method impacts on many branches of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, it potentially reduces absolute uncertainties there to below the meV level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Stierhof
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C Shah
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Bissinger
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Hirsch
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - R Ballhausen
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M Lang
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C Gräfe
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S Wipf
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R Cumbee
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G L Betancourt-Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - V A Yerokhin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Surzhykov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W C Stolte
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Niskanen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - M Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - F S Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Wilms
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - G V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - S Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Leutenegger MA, Eckart ME, Moseley SJ, Rohrbach SO, Black JK, Chiao MP, Kelley RL, Kilbourne CA, Porter FS. Simple, compact, high-resolution monochromatic x-ray source for characterization of x-ray calorimeter arrays. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:083110. [PMID: 32872938 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
X-ray calorimeters routinely achieve very high spectral resolution, typically a few eV full width at half maximum (FWHM). Measurements of calorimeter line shapes are usually dominated by the natural linewidth of most laboratory calibration sources. This compounds the data acquisition time necessary to statistically sample the instrumental line broadening and can add systematic uncertainty if the intrinsic line shape of the source is not well known. To address these issues, we have built a simple, compact monochromatic x-ray source using channel cut crystals. A commercial x-ray tube illuminates a pair of channel cut crystals that are aligned in a dispersive configuration to select the Kα1 line of the x-ray tube anode material. The entire device, including the x-ray tube, can be easily hand-carried by one person and may be positioned manually or using a mechanical translation stage. The output monochromatic beam provides a collimated image of the anode spot with magnification of unity in the dispersion direction (typically 100 μm-200 μm for the x-ray tubes used here) and is unfocused in the cross-dispersion direction so that the source image in the detector plane appears as a line. We measured output count rates as high as 10 count/s/pixel for the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer, which had 819 μm square pixels. We implemented different monochromator designs for energies of 5.4 keV (one design) and 8.0 keV (two designs), which have effective theoretical FWHM energy resolution of 0.125 eV, 0.197 eV, and 0.086 eV, respectively; these are well-suited for optimal calibration measurements of state-of-the art x-ray calorimeters. We measured an upper limit for the energy resolution of our Cr Kα1 monochromator of 0.7 eV FWHM at 5.4 keV, consistent with the theoretical prediction of 0.125 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Leutenegger
- Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M E Eckart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S J Moseley
- Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S O Rohrbach
- Code 551, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J K Black
- Rock Creek Scientific, 1400 East-West Hwy, Suite 807, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA
| | - M P Chiao
- Code 592, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - R L Kelley
- Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C A Kilbourne
- Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - F S Porter
- Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
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Lockard TE, Magee EW, Layne DA, Leutenegger MA, Eckart ME, Hell N, Brown GV, Beiersdorfer P. The Warm Electron Beam Ion Trap (WEBIT): An instrument for ground calibration of space-borne x-ray spectrometers. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10F124. [PMID: 30399834 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The warm electron beam ion trap (WEBIT) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is being developed as a pre-launch, ground calibration source for space-borne, high-throughput, high-resolution x-ray spectrometers, such as the x-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission Resolve quantum calorimeter. Historically, calibration sources for calorimeter spectrometers have relied on characteristic line emission from x-ray tubes, fluorescing metals, and radioactive sources. The WEBIT, by contrast, relies on emission from x-ray transitions in highly charged ions, for example, hydrogen-like and helium-like ions, whose energies are well known and whose line shapes are relatively simple. The WEBIT can create astrophysically relevant ions whose x-ray emission falls in the 0.3-12 keV science bandpass of Resolve and has a portable design advantageous for a calibration source. The WEBIT will be used to help calibrate Resolve's instrumental line shape and gain scale as a function of various operational parameters during both detector subsystem level testing and instrumental level testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Lockard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E W Magee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D A Layne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M A Leutenegger
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M E Eckart
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - N Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Beiersdorfer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Eckart ME, Boyce KR, Brown GV, Chiao MP, Fujimoto R, Haas D, den Herder JW, Ishisaki Y, Kelley RL, Kilbourne CA, Leutenegger MA, McCammon D, Mitsuda K, Porter FS, Sawada M, Sneiderman GA, Szymkowiak AE, Takei Y, Tashiro M, Tsujimoto M, de Vries CP, Watanabe T, Yamada S, Yamasaki NY. Calibration of the microcalorimeter spectrometer on-board the Hitomi (Astro-H) observatory (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D503. [PMID: 27910640 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) was a pioneering non-dispersive imaging x-ray spectrometer with 5 eV FWHM energy resolution, consisting of an array of 36 silicon-thermistor microcalorimeters at the focus of a high-throughput soft x-ray telescope. The instrument enabled astrophysical plasma diagnostics in the 0.3-12 keV band. We introduce the SXS calibration strategy and corresponding ground calibration measurements that took place from 2012-2015, including both the characterization of the microcalorimeter array and measurements of the x-ray transmission of optical blocking filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Eckart
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - K R Boyce
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 592, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M P Chiao
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - R Fujimoto
- Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - D Haas
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J-W den Herder
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Ishisaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - R L Kelley
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C A Kilbourne
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M A Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D McCammon
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Mitsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - F S Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Sawada
- Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - G A Sneiderman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 592, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | | | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Tashiro
- Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - M Tsujimoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - C P de Vries
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Watanabe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Yamada
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - N Y Yamasaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
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Leutenegger MA, Beiersdorfer P, Betancourt-Martinez GL, Brown GV, Hell N, Kelley RL, Kilbourne CA, Magee EW, Porter FS. Characterization of an atomic hydrogen source for charge exchange experiments. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E516. [PMID: 27910505 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the dissociation fraction of a thermal dissociation atomic hydrogen source by injecting the mixed atomic and molecular output of the source into an electron beam ion trap containing highly charged ions and recording the x-ray spectrum generated by charge exchange using a high-resolution x-ray calorimeter spectrometer. We exploit the fact that the charge exchange state-selective capture cross sections are very different for atomic and molecular hydrogen incident on the same ions, enabling a clear spectroscopic diagnostic of the neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Beiersdorfer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - G V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R L Kelley
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C A Kilbourne
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - E W Magee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F S Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
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Beiersdorfer P, Brown GV, Graf AT, Bitter M, Hill KW, Kelley RL, Kilbourne CA, Leutenegger MA, Porter FS. Rest-wavelength fiducials for the ITER core imaging x-ray spectrometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E111. [PMID: 23126933 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Absolute wavelength references are needed to derive the plasma velocities from the Doppler shift of a given line emitted by a moving plasma. We show that such reference standards exist for the strongest x-ray line in neonlike W(64+), which has become the line of choice for the ITER (Latin "the way") core imaging x-ray spectrometer. Close-by standards are the Hf Lβ(3) line and the Ir Lα(2) line, which bracket the W(64+) line by ±30 eV; other standards are given by the Ir Lα(1) and Lα(2) lines and the Hf Lβ(1) and Lβ(2) lines, which bracket the W(64+) line by ±40 and ±160 eV, respectively. The reference standards can be produced by an x-ray tube built into the ITER spectrometer. We present spectra of the reference lines obtained with an x-ray microcalorimeter and compare them to spectra of the W(64+) line obtained both with an x-ray microcalorimeter and a crystal spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Beiersdorfer
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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Leutenegger MA, Beiersdorfer P, Brown GV, Kelley RL, Kilbourne CA, Porter FS. Measurement of anomalously strong emission from the 1s-9p transition in the spectrum of H-like phosphorus following charge exchange with molecular hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:063201. [PMID: 20867978 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have measured K-shell x-ray spectra of highly ionized argon and phosphorus following charge exchange with molecular hydrogen at low collision energy in an electron beam ion trap using an x-ray calorimeter array with ∼6 eV resolution. We find that the emission at the high end of the Lyman series is greater by a factor of 2 for phosphorus than for argon, even though the measurement was performed concurrently and the atomic numbers are similar. This does not agree with current theoretical models and deviates from the trend observed in previous measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
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