1
|
Ruchkin V, Wallonius M, Odekvist E, Kim S, Isaksson J. Memory training with the method of loci for children and adolescents with ADHD-A feasibility study. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2024; 13:137-145. [PMID: 36344263 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2141120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if training with the memory technique Method of Loci (MoL) is feasible for children and adolescents with ADHD. Twelve children (aged 9-17 years) with ADHD participated. Training with MoL was done using a mobile application, memorizing a sequence of 20-80 pictures, intended to be carried out five times per week for 4 weeks. Feasibility was assessed with pre- and post-intervention ratings, and with interviews after the training. Qualitative data were analyzed with content analysis. Those who trained with MoL performed better on memory test and reported fewer ADHD symptoms after completing the training, as compared to their baseline levels. All of these children would recommend the training to peers but the duration of training varied considerably. The participants and their parents reported that the MoL training was easy and fun to use, although lack of motivation, distractions in every-day life, and lack of routines created challenges. We conclude that training with MoL was considered feasible by most of the participants. Future research should try to make the intervention more acceptable by motivating the participants and limiting potential distractions and involving larger study groups and controls to study the efficacy of the training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Ruchkin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marwin Wallonius
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Odekvist
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sharmeen Kim
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wagner IC, Graichen LP, Todorova B, Lüttig A, Omer DB, Stangl M, Lamm C. Entorhinal grid-like codes and time-locked network dynamics track others navigating through space. Nat Commun 2023; 14:231. [PMID: 36720865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Navigating through crowded, dynamically changing environments requires the ability to keep track of other individuals. Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex are a central component of self-related navigation but whether they also track others' movement is unclear. Here, we propose that entorhinal grid-like codes make an essential contribution to socio-spatial navigation. Sixty human participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while observing and re-tracing different paths of a demonstrator that navigated a virtual reality environment. Results revealed that grid-like codes in the entorhinal cortex tracked the other individual navigating through space. The activity of grid-like codes was time-locked to increases in co-activation and entorhinal-cortical connectivity that included the striatum, the hippocampus, parahippocampal and right posterior parietal cortices. Surprisingly, the grid-related effects during observation were stronger the worse participants performed when subsequently re-tracing the demonstrator's paths. Our findings suggests that network dynamics time-locked to entorhinal grid-cell-related activity might serve to distribute information about the location of others throughout the brain.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ask TF, Kullman K, Sütterlin S, Knox BJ, Engel D, Lugo RG. A 3D mixed reality visualization of network topology and activity results in better dyadic cyber team communication and cyber situational awareness. Front Big Data 2023; 6:1042783. [PMID: 36777449 PMCID: PMC9911685 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2023.1042783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyber defense decision-making during cyber threat situations is based on human-to-human communication aiming to establish a shared cyber situational awareness. Previous studies suggested that communication inefficiencies were among the biggest problems facing security operation center teams. There is a need for tools that allow for more efficient communication of cyber threat information between individuals both in education and during cyber threat situations. Methods In the present study, we compared how the visual representation of network topology and traffic in 3D mixed reality vs. 2D affected team performance in a sample of cyber cadets (N = 22) cooperating in dyads. Performance outcomes included network topology recognition, cyber situational awareness, confidence in judgements, experienced communication demands, observed verbal communication, and forced choice decision-making. The study utilized network data from the NATO CCDCOE 2022 Locked Shields cyber defense exercise. Results We found that participants using the 3D mixed reality visualization had better cyber situational awareness than participants in the 2D group. The 3D mixed reality group was generally more confident in their judgments except when performing worse than the 2D group on the topology recognition task (which favored the 2D condition). Participants in the 3D mixed reality group experienced less communication demands, and performed more verbal communication aimed at establishing a shared mental model and less communications discussing task resolution. Better communication was associated with better cyber situational awareness. There were no differences in decision-making between the groups. This could be due to cohort effects such as formal training or the modest sample size. Conclusion This is the first study comparing the effect of 3D mixed reality and 2D visualizations of network topology on dyadic cyber team communication and cyber situational awareness. Using 3D mixed reality visualizations resulted in better cyber situational awareness and team communication. The experiment should be repeated in a larger and more diverse sample to determine its potential effect on decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torvald F. Ask
- Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway,Faculty of Health, Welfare and Organization, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway,*Correspondence: Torvald F. Ask ✉
| | - Kaur Kullman
- Doctoral School of Information and Communication Technology, Institute of Computer Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia,Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stefan Sütterlin
- Faculty of Health, Welfare and Organization, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway,Faculty of Computer Science, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Sigmaringen, Germany,Centre for Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Benjamin J. Knox
- Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway,Faculty of Health, Welfare and Organization, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway,Norwegian Armed Forces Cyber Defense, Oppland, Norway
| | - Don Engel
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ricardo G. Lugo
- Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway,Faculty of Health, Welfare and Organization, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo D, Yang J. Reactivation of schema representation in lateral occipital cortex supports successful memory encoding. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5968-5980. [PMID: 36520467 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Schemas provide a scaffold onto which we can integrate new memories. Previous research has investigated the brain activity and connectivity underlying schema-related memory formation. However, how schemas are represented and reactivated in the brain, in order to enhance memory, remains unclear. To address this issue, we used an object–location spatial schema that was learned over multiple sessions, combined with similarity analyses of neural representations, to investigate the reactivation of schema representations of object–location memories when a new object–scene association is learned. In addition, we investigated how this reactivation affects subsequent memory performance under different strengths of schemas. We found that reactivation of a schema representation in the lateral occipital cortex (LOC) during object–scene encoding affected subsequent associative memory performance only in the schema-consistent condition and increased the functional connectivity between the LOC and the parahippocampal place area. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into how schema acts as a scaffold to support the integration of novel information into existing cortical networks and suggest a neural basis for schema-induced rapid cortical learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingrong Guo
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behaviour and Mental Health, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiongjiong Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behaviour and Mental Health, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santangelo V, Macrì S, Campolongo P. Superior memory as a new perspective to tackle memory loss. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104828. [PMID: 35970419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Derks-Dijkman MW, Schaefer RS, Stegeman ML, van Tilborg IDA, Kessels RPC. Effects of Musical Mnemonics on Working Memory Performance in Cognitively Unimpaired Young and Older Adults. Exp Aging Res 2022; 49:307-320. [PMID: 35924747 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2022.2104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To overcome memory decrements in healthy aging, compensation strategies and mnemonics have been found to be promising. The effects of musical mnemonics in aging have been scarcely studied. METHODS The present study examined the effects of musical presentation of digits (pitch sequences, rhythms, and their combinations) on working memory performance in young and older adults, as compared to spoken presentation. RESULTS A facilitating effect of rhythm was found in both groups, whereas pitch and melodic cues affected performance negatively in older adults only. Musical training did not moderate the effect of musical mnemonics. DISCUSSION To investigate whether persons with working memory impairment also benefit from musical mnemonics, follow-up research in older persons with, for instance, mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's dementia is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marije W Derks-Dijkman
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Leiden University, Health, Medical & Neuropsychology unit, Institute for Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca S Schaefer
- Leiden University, Health, Medical & Neuropsychology unit, Institute for Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University, Academy of Creative and Performing Arts, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje L Stegeman
- Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roy P C Kessels
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Venray, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Psychology & Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vartanian O, Replete V, Saint SA, Lam Q, Forbes S, Beaudoin ME, Brunyé TT, Bryant DJ, Feltman KA, Heaton KJ, McKinley RA, Van Erp JBF, Vergin A, Whittaker A. What Is Targeted When We Train Working Memory? Evidence From a Meta-Analysis of the Neural Correlates of Working Memory Training Using Activation Likelihood Estimation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:868001. [PMID: 35432071 PMCID: PMC9005969 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.868001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is the system responsible for maintaining and manipulating information, in the face of ongoing distraction. In turn, WM span is perceived to be an individual-differences construct reflecting the limited capacity of this system. Recently, however, there has been some evidence to suggest that WM capacity can increase through training, raising the possibility that training can functionally alter the neural structures supporting WM. To address the hypothesis that the neural substrates underlying WM are targeted by training, we conducted a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of WM training using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE). Our results demonstrate that WM training is associated exclusively with decreases in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in clusters within the fronto-parietal system that underlie WM, including the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (BA 39/40), middle (BA 9) and superior (BA 6) frontal gyri, and medial frontal gyrus bordering on the cingulate gyrus (BA 8/32). We discuss the various psychological and physiological mechanisms that could be responsible for the observed reductions in the BOLD signal in relation to WM training, and consider their implications for the construct of WM span as a limited resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oshin Vartanian
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vladyslava Replete
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney Ann Saint
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Quan Lam
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Forbes
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Monique E. Beaudoin
- Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence and Security, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Tad T. Brunyé
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - David J. Bryant
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn A. Feltman
- U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL, United States
| | - Kristin J. Heaton
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Richard A. McKinley
- U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jan B. F. Van Erp
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
- Department of Human Media Interaction, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Annika Vergin
- Bundeswehr Office for Defence Planning, Federal Ministry of Defence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annalise Whittaker
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, UK Ministry of Defence, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cox WR, Dobbelaar S, Meeter M, Kindt M, van Ast VA. Episodic memory enhancement versus impairment is determined by contextual similarity across events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101509118. [PMID: 34819361 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101509118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, stability of spatial context across related episodes has been considered a source of memory interference, impairing memory retrieval. However, contemporary memory integration theory generates a diametrically opposite prediction. Here, we aimed to resolve this discrepancy by manipulating local context similarity across temporally disparate but related episodes and testing the direction and underlying mechanisms of memory change. A series of experiments show that contextual stability produces memory integration and marked reciprocal strengthening. Variable context, conversely, seemed to result in competition such that new memories become enhanced at the expense of original memories. Interestingly, these patterns were virtually inverted in an additional experiment where context was reinstated during recall. These observations 1) identify contextual similarity across original and new memories as an important determinant in the volatility of memory, 2) present a challenge to classic and modern theories on episodic memory change, and 3) indicate that the sensitivity of context-induced memory changes to retrieval conditions may reconcile paradoxical predictions of interference and integration theory.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Memory performance is crucial across the human life, from early education to age-related decline. A new study in PLOS Biology found that verbal learning can be enhanced by applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left prefrontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yevgenia Rosenblum
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu C, Ye Z, Chen C, Axmacher N, Xue G. Hippocampal Representations of Event Structure and Temporal Context during Episodic Temporal Order Memory. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1520-1534. [PMID: 34464439 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays an important role in representing spatial locations and sequences and in transforming representations. How these representational structures and operations support memory for the temporal order of random items is still poorly understood. We addressed this question by leveraging the method of loci, a powerful mnemonic strategy for temporal order memory that particularly recruits hippocampus-dependent computations of spatial locations and associations. Applying representational similarity analysis to functional magnetic resonance imaging activation patterns revealed that hippocampal subfields contained representations of multiple features of sequence structure, including spatial locations, location distance, and sequence boundaries, as well as episodic-like temporal context. Critically, the hippocampal CA1 exhibited spatial transformation of representational patterns, showing lower pattern similarity for items in same locations than closely matched different locations during retrieval, whereas the CA23DG exhibited sequential transformation of representational patterns, showing lower pattern similarity for items in near locations than in far locations during encoding. These transformations enabled the encoding of multiple items in the same location and disambiguation of adjacent items. Our results suggest that the hippocampus can flexibly reconfigure multiplexed event structure representations to support accurate temporal order memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Zhifang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.,Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.,Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Gui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| |
Collapse
|