1
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Ito H, Mihana T, Horisaki R, Naruse M. Conflict-free joint decision by lag and zero-lag synchronization in laser network. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4355. [PMID: 38388695 PMCID: PMC10883961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With the end of Moore's Law and the increasing demand for computing, photonic accelerators are garnering considerable attention. This is due to the physical characteristics of light, such as high bandwidth and multiplicity, and the various synchronization phenomena that emerge in the realm of laser physics. These factors come into play as computer performance approaches its limits. In this study, we explore the application of a laser network, acting as a photonic accelerator, to the competitive multi-armed bandit problem. In this context, conflict avoidance is key to maximizing environmental rewards. We experimentally demonstrate cooperative decision-making using zero-lag and lag synchronization within a network of four semiconductor lasers. Lag synchronization of chaos realizes effective decision-making and zero-lag synchronization is responsible for the realization of the collision avoidance function. We experimentally verified a low collision rate and high reward in a fundamental 2-player, 2-slot scenario, and showed the scalability of this system. This system architecture opens up new possibilities for intelligent functionalities in laser dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Ito
- Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takatomo Mihana
- Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Horisaki
- Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Makoto Naruse
- Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Pflüger M, Brunner D, Heuser T, Lott JA, Reitzenstein S, Fischer I. Injection locking and coupling the emitters of large VCSEL arrays via diffraction in an external cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:8704-8713. [PMID: 36859980 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Networks of semiconductor lasers are the foundation of numerous applications and fundamental investigations in nonlinear dynamics, material processing, lighting, and information processing. However, making the usually narrowband semiconductor lasers within the network interact requires both high spectral homogeneity and a fitting coupling concept. Here, we report how we use diffractive optics in an external cavity to experimentally couple vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in a 5×5 array. Out of the 25 lasers, we succeed to spectrally align 22, all of which we lock simultaneously to an external drive laser. Furthermore, we show the considerable coupling interactions between the lasers of the array. This way, we present the largest network of optically coupled semiconductor lasers reported so far and the first detailed characterization of such a diffractively coupled system. Due to the high homogeneity of the lasers, the strong interaction between them, and the scalability of the coupling approach, our VCSEL network is a promising platform for experimental investigations of complex systems, and it has direct applications as a photonic neural network.
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3
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Bouchereau Y, Karuseichyk S, Guitter R, Pal V, Bretenaker F. Effect of linewidth enhancement factor on the generation of optical vortices in a class-A degenerate cavity semiconductor laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:15648-15658. [PMID: 35473280 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical behavior of a one-dimensional ring array of lasers generated in a class-A degenerate cavity semiconductor laser is numerically investigated. The class-A behavior of the laser is obtained by considering a low-loss vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL), in which a telescope and a mask allow us to control the geometry and the linear nearest-neighbour coupling between the lasers. The behavior of the lasers is simulated using coupled rate equations, taking the influence of the Henry factor into account. It is shown that the ring array of lasers exhibits multistability. Moreover, by comparison with a class-B semiconductor laser, it is proved that the class-A nature of the laser makes it more robust to the increase of the Henry factor when it comes to generating topological charge carrying arrays of lasers, thus opening new perspectives of application for such lasers.
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4
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Kim BY, Jang JK, Okawachi Y, Ji X, Lipson M, Gaeta AL. Synchronization of nonsolitonic Kerr combs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi4362. [PMID: 34669470 PMCID: PMC8528431 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synchronization is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature that manifests as the spectral or temporal locking of coupled nonlinear oscillators. In the field of photonics, synchronization has been implemented in various laser and oscillator systems, enabling applications including coherent beam combining and high-precision pump-probe measurements. Recent experiments have also shown time-domain synchronization of Kerr frequency combs via coupling of two separate oscillators operating in the dissipative soliton [i.e., anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD)] regime. Here, we demonstrate all-optical synchronization of Kerr combs in the nonsolitonic, normal GVD regime in which phase-locked combs with high pump-to-comb conversion efficiencies and relatively flat spectral profiles are generated. Our results reveal the universality of Kerr comb synchronization and extend its scope beyond the soliton regime, opening a promising path toward coherently combined normal GVD Kerr combs with spectrally flat profiles and high comb-line powers in an efficient microresonator platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok Young Kim
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jae K. Jang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yoshitomo Okawachi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xingchen Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michal Lipson
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alexander L. Gaeta
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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5
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Mihana T, Fujii K, Kanno K, Naruse M, Uchida A. Laser network decision making by lag synchronization of chaos in a ring configuration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:40112-40130. [PMID: 33379544 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photonic technologies are promising for solving complex tasks in artificial intelligence. In this paper, we numerically investigate decision making for solving the multi-armed bandit problem using lag synchronization of chaos in a ring laser-network configuration. We construct a laser network consisting of unidirectionally coupled semiconductor lasers, whereby spontaneous exchange of the leader-laggard relationship in the lag synchronization of chaos is observed. We succeed in solving the multi-armed bandit problems with three slot machines using lag synchronization of chaos by controlling the coupling strengths among the three lasers. Furthermore, we investigate the scalability of the proposed decision-making principle by increasing the number of slot machines and lasers. This study suggests a new direction in laser network-based decision making for future photonic intelligent functions.
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6
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Yao C, He Z, Zou W. Oscillation behavior driven by processing delay in diffusively coupled inactive systems: Cluster synchronization and multistability. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:123137. [PMID: 33380058 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Couplings involving time delay play a relevant role in the dynamical behavior of complex systems. In this work, we address the effect of processing delay, which is a specific kind of coupling delay, on the steady state of general nonlinear systems and prove that it may drive the system to Hopf bifurcation and, in turn, to a rich oscillatory behavior. Additionally, one may observe multistable states and size-dependent cluster synchronization. We derive the analytic conditions to obtain an oscillatory regime and confirm the result by numerically simulated experiments on different oscillator networks. Our results demonstrate the importance of processing delay for complex systems and pave the way for a better understanding of dynamical control and synchronization in oscillatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Yao
- College of Mathematics, Physics and Information Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Mathematics, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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7
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Dolcemascolo A, Miazek A, Veltz R, Marino F, Barland S. Effective low-dimensional dynamics of a mean-field coupled network of slow-fast spiking lasers. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:052208. [PMID: 32575292 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.052208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional dynamics of large networks is the focus of many theoretical works, but controlled laboratory experiments are comparatively very few. Here, we discuss experimental observations on a mean-field coupled network of hundreds of semiconductor lasers, which collectively display effectively low-dimensional mixed mode oscillations and chaotic spiking typical of slow-fast systems. We demonstrate that such a reduced dimensionality originates from the slow-fast nature of the system and of the existence of a critical manifold of the network where most of the dynamics takes place. Experimental measurement of the bifurcation parameter for different network sizes corroborates the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dolcemascolo
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INPHYNI, 1361 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - A Miazek
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INPHYNI, 1361 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - R Veltz
- Inria Sophia Antipolis, MathNeuro Team, 2004 Route des Lucioles - BP93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - F Marino
- CNR-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica and INFN, Sez. di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - S Barland
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INPHYNI, 1361 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
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8
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Jang JK, Ji X, Joshi C, Okawachi Y, Lipson M, Gaeta AL. Observation of Arnold Tongues in Coupled Soliton Kerr Frequency Combs. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:153901. [PMID: 31702288 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate various regimes of synchronization in systems of two coupled cavity soliton-based Kerr frequency combs. We show subharmonic, harmonic, and harmonic-ratio synchronization of coupled microresonators, and reveal their dynamics in the form of Arnold tongues, structures that are ubiquitous in nonlinear dynamical systems. Our experimental results are well corroborated by numerical simulations based on coupled Lugiato-Lefever equations. This Letter illustrates the newfound degree of flexibility in synchronizing Kerr combs across a wide range of comb spacings and could find applications in time and frequency metrology, spectroscopy, microwave photonics, optical communications, and astronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae K Jang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Xingchen Ji
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yoshitomo Okawachi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Michal Lipson
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Alexander L Gaeta
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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9
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Tradonsky C, Gershenzon I, Pal V, Chriki R, Friesem AA, Raz O, Davidson N. Rapid laser solver for the phase retrieval problem. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4530. [PMID: 31620557 PMCID: PMC6777974 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tailored physical systems were recently exploited to rapidly solve hard computational challenges, such as spin simulators, combinatorial optimization, and focusing through scattering media. Here, we address the phase retrieval problem where an object is reconstructed from its scattered intensity distribution. This is a key problem in many applications, ranging from x-ray imaging to astrophysics, and currently, it lacks efficient direct reconstruction methods: The widely used indirect iterative algorithms are inherently slow. We present an optical approach based on a digital degenerate cavity laser, whose most probable lasing mode rapidly and efficiently reconstructs the object. Our experimental results suggest that the gain competition between the many lasing modes acts as a highly parallel computer that could rapidly solve the phase retrieval problem. Our approach applies to most two-dimensional objects with known compact support, including complex-valued objects, and can be generalized to imaging through scattering media and other hard computational tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Tradonsky
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - I. Gershenzon
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - V. Pal
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - R. Chriki
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - A. A. Friesem
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - O. Raz
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - N. Davidson
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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10
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He Z, Yao C, Yu J, Zhan M. Perturbation analysis and comparison of network synchronization methods. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:052207. [PMID: 31212531 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.052207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In many networked systems, synchronization is important and useful, and how to enhance synchronizability is an interesting problem. Based on the matrix perturbation theory, we analyze five methods of network synchronization enhancement, including the link removal, node removal, dividing hub node, pull control, and pinning control methods, and obtain explicit expressions for eigenvalue changes. By these comparisons, we find that, among all these methods, the pull control method is remarkable, as it can extend the synchronization (coupling strength) region from both the left and right sides, for any controlled node. Extensive simulation results are given to support the accuracy of the perturbation-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei He
- Department of Mathematics, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chenggui Yao
- Department of Mathematics, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Nonlinear Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Meng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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11
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Hart JD, Zhang Y, Roy R, Motter AE. Topological Control of Synchronization Patterns: Trading Symmetry for Stability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:058301. [PMID: 30822003 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.058301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Symmetries are ubiquitous in network systems and have profound impacts on the observable dynamics. At the most fundamental level, many synchronization patterns are induced by underlying network symmetry, and a high degree of symmetry is believed to enhance the stability of identical synchronization. Yet, here we show that the synchronizability of almost any symmetry cluster in a network of identical nodes can be enhanced precisely by breaking its structural symmetry. This counterintuitive effect holds for generic node dynamics and arbitrary network structure and is, moreover, robust against noise and imperfections typical of real systems, which we demonstrate by implementing a state-of-the-art optoelectronic experiment. These results lead to new possibilities for the topological control of synchronization patterns, which we substantiate by presenting an algorithm that optimizes the structure of individual clusters under various constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Hart
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yuanzhao Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Adilson E Motter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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12
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Tomiyama M, Yamasaki K, Arai K, Inubushi M, Yoshimura K, Uchida A. Effect of bandwidth limitation of optical noise injection on common-signal-induced synchronization in multi-mode semiconductor lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13521-13535. [PMID: 29801376 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate common-signal-induced synchronization in two multi-mode semiconductor lasers subject to a bandwidth-limited optical noise signal. Synchronization can be achieved when the number of longitudinal modes is matched between the two lasers. The peak wavelengths need to be matched between the two lasers to achieve synchronization. In contrast, small correlation is observed when the peak wavelengths are mismatched. The synchronization is degraded as the number of longitudinal modes in one of the lasers is decreased. However, large correlation is obtained if the overlapped modes are selected and compared. We discuss the possibility of an unauthorized user reproducing the synchronized waveforms. It is difficult to completely reproduce the synchronized waveforms using synchronization if the bandwidth of the noise drive signal is limited.
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13
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Xu M, Pan W, Xiang S, Zhang L. Cluster synchronization in symmetric VCSELs networks with variable-polarization optical feedback. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:10754-10761. [PMID: 29716007 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.010754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cluster synchronization of mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) networks subject to variable-polarization optical feedback (VPOF) with symmetric structure is theoretically investigated. Zero-lag synchronization could be achieved between different VCSELs within same cluster in such networks, which is solely derived from the intrinsic symmetry of network topology. The influences of significant parameters of VCSELs networks on the stability of cluster synchronization are further discussed. Moreover, it is shown that the polarizer angle of optical feedback in VCSELs plays a particularly important role on the formation of cluster.
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14
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Ohara S, Dal Bosco AK, Ugajin K, Uchida A, Harayama T, Inubushi M. Dynamics-dependent synchronization in on-chip coupled semiconductor lasers. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:032216. [PMID: 29346910 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.032216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization properties of chaotic dynamics in two mutually coupled semiconductor lasers with optical feedback embedded in a photonic integrated circuit are investigated from the point of view of their dynamical content. A phenomenon in which the two lasers can show qualitatively different synchronization properties according to the frequency range of investigation and their nonlinear dynamics is identified and termed dynamics-dependent synchronization. In-phase synchronization is observed for original signals and antiphase synchronization is observed for low-pass filtered signals in the case where one of the lasers shows chaotic oscillations while the other laser exhibits low-frequency fluctuations dynamics. The experimental conditions causing the synchronization states to vary according to the considered frequency interval are studied and the key roles of asymmetric coupling strength and injection currents are clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Ohara
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Andreas Karsaklian Dal Bosco
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazusa Ugajin
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Atsushi Uchida
- Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takahisa Harayama
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masanobu Inubushi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi-Shi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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15
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Yao C, Zhan M, Shuai J, Ma J, Kurths J. Insensitivity of synchronization to network structure in chaotic pendulum systems with time-delay coupling. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:126702. [PMID: 29289042 DOI: 10.1063/1.5010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been generally believed that both time delay and network structure could play a crucial role in determining collective dynamical behaviors in complex systems. In this work, we study the influence of coupling strength, time delay, and network topology on synchronization behavior in delay-coupled networks of chaotic pendulums. Interestingly, we find that the threshold value of the coupling strength for complete synchronization in such networks strongly depends on the time delay in the coupling, but appears to be insensitive to the network structure. This lack of sensitivity was numerically tested in several typical regular networks, such as different locally and globally coupled ones as well as in several complex networks, such as small-world and scale-free networks. Furthermore, we find that the emergence of a synchronous periodic state induced by time delay is of key importance for the complete synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Yao
- Department of Mathematics, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Meng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Shena J, Hizanidis J, Hövel P, Tsironis GP. Multiclustered chimeras in large semiconductor laser arrays with nonlocal interactions. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:032215. [PMID: 29346924 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.032215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of a large array of coupled semiconductor lasers is studied numerically for a nonlocal coupling scheme. Our focus is on chimera states, a self-organized spatiotemporal pattern of coexisting coherence and incoherence. In laser systems, such states have been previously found for global and nearest-neighbor coupling, mainly in small networks. The technological advantage of large arrays has motivated us to study a system of 200 nonlocally coupled lasers with respect to the emerging collective dynamics. Moreover, the nonlocal nature of the coupling allows us to obtain robust chimera states with multiple (in)coherent domains. The crucial parameters are the coupling strength, the coupling phase and the range of the nonlocal interaction. We find that multiclustered chimera states exist in a wide region of the parameter space and we provide quantitative characterization for the obtained spatiotemporal patterns. By proposing two different experimental setups for the realization of the nonlocal coupling scheme, we are confident that our results can be confirmed in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shena
- Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Crete, P. O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - J Hizanidis
- Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Crete, P. O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - P Hövel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - G P Tsironis
- Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, University of Crete, P. O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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17
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Ultrafast photonic reinforcement learning based on laser chaos. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8772. [PMID: 28821739 PMCID: PMC5562742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement learning involves decision making in dynamic and uncertain environments and constitutes an important element of artificial intelligence (AI). In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that the ultrafast chaotic oscillatory dynamics of lasers efficiently solve the multi-armed bandit problem (MAB), which requires decision making concerning a class of difficult trade-offs called the exploration–exploitation dilemma. To solve the MAB, a certain degree of randomness is required for exploration purposes. However, pseudorandom numbers generated using conventional electronic circuitry encounter severe limitations in terms of their data rate and the quality of randomness due to their algorithmic foundations. We generate laser chaos signals using a semiconductor laser sampled at a maximum rate of 100 GSample/s, and combine it with a simple decision-making principle called tug of war with a variable threshold, to ensure ultrafast, adaptive, and accurate decision making at a maximum adaptation speed of 1 GHz. We found that decision-making performance was maximized with an optimal sampling interval, and we highlight the exact coincidence between the negative autocorrelation inherent in laser chaos and decision-making performance. This study paves the way for a new realm of ultrafast photonics in the age of AI, where the ultrahigh bandwidth of light wave can provide new value.
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Pal V, Tradonsky C, Chriki R, Friesem AA, Davidson N. Observing Dissipative Topological Defects with Coupled Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:013902. [PMID: 28731766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.013902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Topological defects have been observed and studied in a wide range of systems, such as cosmology, spin systems, cold atoms, and optics, as they are quenched across a phase transition into an ordered state. These defects limit the coherence of the system and its ability to approach a fully ordered state, so revealing their origin and control is becoming an increasingly important field of research. We observe dissipative topological defects in a one-dimensional ring of phased-locked lasers, and show how their formation is related to the Kibble-Zurek mechanism and is governed in a universal manner by two competing time scales. The ratio between these two time scales depends on the system parameters, and thus offers the possibility of enabling the system to dissipate to a fully ordered, defect-free state that can be exploited for solving hard computational problems in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Pal
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Chene Tradonsky
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ronen Chriki
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Asher A Friesem
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nir Davidson
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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19
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Jiménez-Martín M, Rodríguez-Laguna J, D'Huys O, de la Rubia J, Korutcheva E. Synchronization of fluctuating delay-coupled chaotic networks. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:052210. [PMID: 28618497 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.052210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the synchronization of chaotic units connected through time-delayed fluctuating interactions. Focusing on small-world networks of Bernoulli and Logistic units with a fixed chiral backbone, we compare the synchronization properties of static and fluctuating networks in the regime of large delays. We find that random network switching may enhance the stability of synchronized states. Synchronization appears to be maximally stable when fluctuations are much faster than the time-delay, whereas it disappears for very slow fluctuations. For fluctuation time scales of the order of the time-delay, we report a resynchronizing effect in finite-size networks. Moreover, we observe characteristic oscillations in all regimes, with a periodicity related to the time-delay, as the system approaches or drifts away from the synchronized state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Otti D'Huys
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, B4 7ET Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elka Korutcheva
- Departamento de Física Fundamental, UNED 28040, Spain.,G. Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria
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20
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Witthaut D, Wimberger S, Burioni R, Timme M. Classical synchronization indicates persistent entanglement in isolated quantum systems. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14829. [PMID: 28401881 PMCID: PMC5394286 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronization and entanglement constitute fundamental collective phenomena in multi-unit classical and quantum systems, respectively, both equally implying coordinated system states. Here, we present a direct link for a class of isolated quantum many-body systems, demonstrating that synchronization emerges as an intrinsic system feature. Intriguingly, quantum coherence and entanglement arise persistently through the same transition as synchronization. This direct link between classical and quantum cooperative phenomena may further our understanding of strongly correlated quantum systems and can be readily observed in state-of-the-art experiments, for example, with ultracold atoms. Collective phenomena in many-body systems include synchronization in classical and entanglement in quantum systems. Here the authors study isolated many-body quantum systems and demonstrate that synchronization emerges intrinsically, accompanied by the onset of quantum coherence and persistent entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Witthaut
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK-STE), 52428 Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Network Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Faßberg, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandro Wimberger
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche ed Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 7/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Burioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche ed Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 7/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.,INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marc Timme
- Network Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Faßberg, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Argyris A, Bourmpos M, Syvridis D. Experimental synchrony of semiconductor lasers in coupled networks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:5600-5614. [PMID: 29092382 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.005600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The emission and synchronization of mutually-coupled semiconductor lasers with short cavities has been already recorded, with transversely unstable solutions existing within the chaotic synchronization manifold. Noise and laser-mismatch induced instabilities cause short de-synchronization events within the overall generalized synchronization, influencing the pragmatism of using these signals in secure data exchange applications. However, such operation can be functional for user authentication and sensing applications by assessing a time-averaged performance of synchrony. Until now, this has not been examined either in large-scale laser network configurations or in large transmission coupling paths, as real network implementations oblige. Here we present the first implementation of a fully-coupled fiber network with up to 16 semiconductor lasers, independently controlled and coupled through long interacting cavities. High level of consistent global or cluster synchrony via chaotic signals is demonstrated among all devices of the same origin and under appropriate operation. Devices that are not identical fail to synchronize at any condition, when coupled to the network. Under multiplexed operation, groups of lasers that emit at spectral distances as low as 50pm are shown to preserve intra-cluster synchronization when transmitted in the same fiber-optic channel, despite their large bandwidth of emitted signals.
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22
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Martin MJ, D'Huys O, Lauerbach L, Korutcheva E, Kinzel W. Chaos synchronization by resonance of multiple delay times. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:022206. [PMID: 26986330 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.022206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chaos synchronization may arise in networks of nonlinear units with delayed couplings. We study complete and sublattice synchronization generated by resonance of two large time delays with a specific ratio. As it is known for single-delay networks, the number of synchronized sublattices is determined by the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the network loop lengths. We demonstrate analytically the GCD condition in networks of iterated Bernoulli maps with multiple delay times and complement our analytic results by numerical phase diagrams, providing parameter regions showing complete and sublattice synchronization by resonance for Tent and Bernoulli maps. We compare networks with the same GCD with single and multiple delays, and we investigate the sensitivity of the correlation to a detuning between the delays in a network of coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators. Moreover, the GCD condition also allows detection of time-delay resonances, leading to high correlations in nonsynchronizable networks. Specifically, GCD-induced resonances are observed both in a chaotic asymmetric network and in doubly connected rings of delay-coupled noisy linear oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jimenez Martin
- Departamento Fisica Fundamental, Universidad Nacional Educación a Distancia, C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Otti D'Huys
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Box 90305, 120 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Lauerbach
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elka Korutcheva
- Departamento Fisica Fundamental, Universidad Nacional Educación a Distancia, C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Wolfgang Kinzel
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Slipko VA, Shumovskyi M, Pershin YV. Switching synchronization in one-dimensional memristive networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:052917. [PMID: 26651772 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.052917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a switching synchronization phenomenon in one-dimensional memristive networks, which occurs when several memristive systems with different switching constants are switched from the high- to low-resistance state. Our numerical simulations show that such a collective behavior is especially pronounced when the applied voltage slightly exceeds the combined threshold voltage of memristive systems. Moreover, a finite increase in the network switching time is found compared to the average switching time of individual systems. An analytical model is presented to explain our observations. Using this model, we have derived asymptotic expressions for memory resistances at short and long times, which are in excellent agreement with results of our numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy A Slipko
- Department of Physics and Technology, V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Shumovskyi
- Department of Physics and Technology, V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy V Pershin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smart State Center for Experimental Nanoscale Physics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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24
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Brunner D, Fischer I. Reconfigurable semiconductor laser networks based on diffractive coupling. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3854-3857. [PMID: 26274677 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Networks of optical emitters are highly sought-after, both for fundamental investigations as well as for various technological applications. We introduce and implement a novel scheme, based on diffractive optical coupling, allowing for the coupling of large numbers of optical emitters with adjustable weights. We demonstrate its potential by coupling emitters of a 2D array of semiconductor lasers with significant efficiency.
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25
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Punetha N, Ramaswamy R, Atay FM. Bipartite networks of oscillators with distributed delays: Synchronization branches and multistability. Phys Rev E 2015; 91:042906. [PMID: 25974561 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.042906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study synchronization in bipartite networks of phase oscillators with general nonlinear coupling and distributed time delays. Phase-locked solutions are shown to arise, where the oscillators in each partition are perfectly synchronized among themselves but can have a phase difference with the other partition, with the phase difference necessarily being either zero or π radians. Analytical conditions for the stability of both types of solutions are obtained and solution branches are explicitly calculated, revealing that the network can have several coexisting stable solutions. With increasing value of the mean delay, the system exhibits hysteresis, phase flips, final state sensitivity, and an extreme form of multistability where the numbers of stable in-phase and antiphase synchronous solutions with distinct frequencies grow without bound. The theory is applied to networks of Landau-Stuart and Rössler oscillators and shown to accurately predict both in-phase and antiphase synchronous behavior in appropriate parameter ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Punetha
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Ramaswamy
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.,University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Fatihcan M Atay
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstraße 22, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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26
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Xie J, Kao HC, Knobloch E. Chimera states in systems of nonlocal nonidentical phase-coupled oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:032918. [PMID: 25871183 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.032918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chimera states consisting of domains of coherently and incoherently oscillating nonlocally coupled phase oscillators in systems with spatial inhomogeneity are studied. The inhomogeneity is introduced through the dependence of the oscillator frequency on its location. Two types of spatial inhomogeneity, localized and spatially periodic, are considered and their effects on the existence and properties of multicluster and traveling chimera states are explored. The inhomogeneity is found to break up splay states, to pin the chimera states to specific locations, and to trap traveling chimeras. Many of these states can be studied by constructing an evolution equation for a complex order parameter. Solutions of this equation are in good agreement with the results of numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Edgar Knobloch
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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27
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D'Huys O, Jüngling T, Kinzel W. Stochastic switching in delay-coupled oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:032918. [PMID: 25314515 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.032918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A delay is known to induce multistability in periodic systems. Under influence of noise, coupled oscillators can switch between coexistent orbits with different frequencies and different oscillation patterns. For coupled phase oscillators we reduce the delay system to a nondelayed Langevin equation, which allows us to analytically compute the distribution of frequencies and their corresponding residence times. The number of stable periodic orbits scales with the roundtrip delay time and coupling strength, but the noisy system visits only a fraction of the orbits, which scales with the square root of the delay time and is independent of the coupling strength. In contrast, the residence time in the different orbits is mainly determined by the coupling strength and the number of oscillators, and only weakly dependent on the coupling delay. Finally we investigate the effect of a detuning between the oscillators. We demonstrate the generality of our results with delay-coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otti D'Huys
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jüngling
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Kinzel
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Xie J, Knobloch E, Kao HC. Multicluster and traveling chimera states in nonlocal phase-coupled oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:022919. [PMID: 25215811 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.022919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chimera states consisting of domains of coherently and incoherently oscillating identical oscillators with nonlocal coupling are studied. These states usually coexist with the fully synchronized state and have a small basin of attraction. We propose a nonlocal phase-coupled model in which chimera states develop from random initial conditions. Several classes of chimera states have been found: (a) stationary multicluster states with evenly distributed coherent clusters, (b) stationary multicluster states with unevenly distributed clusters, and (c) a single cluster state traveling with a constant speed across the system. Traveling coherent states are also identified. A self-consistent continuum description of these states is provided and their stability properties analyzed through a combination of linear stability analysis and numerical simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Edgar Knobloch
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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29
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He Z, Wang X, Zhang GY, Zhan M. Control for a synchronization-desynchronization switch. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:012909. [PMID: 25122362 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.012909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
How to freely enhance or suppress synchronization of networked dynamical systems is of great importance in many disciplines. A unified precise control method for a synchronization-desynchronization switch, called the pull-push control method, is suggested. Namely, synchronization can be achieved when the original systems are desynchronous by pulling (or protecting) one node or a certain subset of nodes, whereas desynchronization can be accomplished when the systems are already synchronous by pushing (or kicking) one node or a certain subset of nodes. With this method, the controlled nodes should be chosen by the generalized eigenvector centrality of the critical synchronization mode of the Laplacian matrix. Compared with existing control methods for synchronization, it displays high efficiency, flexibility, and precision as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei He
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Guo-Yong Zhang
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and College of Computer Science and Technology, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Meng Zhan
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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30
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Okulov AY. Coherent chirped pulse laser network with Mickelson phase conjugator. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:2302-2311. [PMID: 24787398 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.002302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of nonlinear phase-locking of a large fiber amplifier array are analyzed. The preference is given to the most suitable configuration for a coherent coupling of thousands of fundamental spatial mode fiber beams into a single smooth beam ready for chirped pulse compression. It is shown that a Michelson phase-conjugating configuration with double passage through an array of fiber amplifiers has the definite advantage compared to a one-way fiber array coupled in a Mach-Zehnder configuration. Regardless of the amount of synchronized fiber amplifiers, the Michelson phase-conjugating interferometer is expected to do a perfect compensation of the phase-piston errors and collimation of backwardly amplified fiber beams on an entrance/output beam splitter. In both configurations, the nonlinear transformation of the stretched pulse envelope, due to gain saturation, is capable of randomizing the position of chirp inside an envelope; thus it may reduce the visibility of the interference pattern at an output beam splitter. Certain advantages are inherent to the sech-form temporal envelope because of the exponential precursor and self-similar propagation in gain medium. The Gaussian envelope is significantly compressed in a deep gain saturation regime, and the frequency chirp position inside pulse envelope is more deformed.
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31
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He Z, Sun Y, Zhan M. Intermittent and sustained periodic windows in networked chaotic Rössler oscillators. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2013; 23:043139. [PMID: 24387578 DOI: 10.1063/1.4858995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Route to chaos (or periodicity) in dynamical systems is one of fundamental problems. Here, dynamical behaviors of coupled chaotic Rössler oscillators on complex networks are investigated and two different types of periodic windows with the variation of coupling strength are found. Under a moderate coupling, the periodic window is intermittent, and the attractors within the window extremely sensitively depend on the initial conditions, coupling parameter, and topology of the network. Therefore, after adding or removing one edge of network, the periodic attractor can be destroyed and substituted by a chaotic one, or vice versa. In contrast, under an extremely weak coupling, another type of periodic window appears, which insensitively depends on the initial conditions, coupling parameter, and network. It is sustained and unchanged for different types of network structure. It is also found that the phase differences of the oscillators are almost discrete and randomly distributed except that directly linked oscillators more likely have different phases. These dynamical behaviors have also been generally observed in other networked chaotic oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei He
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Meng Zhan
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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32
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Vardi R, Goldental A, Guberman S, Kalmanovich A, Marmari H, Kanter I. Sudden synchrony leaps accompanied by frequency multiplications in neuronal activity. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:176. [PMID: 24198764 PMCID: PMC3812537 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A classical view of neural coding relies on temporal firing synchrony among functional groups of neurons, however, the underlying mechanism remains an enigma. Here we experimentally demonstrate a mechanism where time-lags among neuronal spiking leap from several tens of milliseconds to nearly zero-lag synchrony. It also allows sudden leaps out of synchrony, hence forming short epochs of synchrony. Our results are based on an experimental procedure where conditioned stimulations were enforced on circuits of neurons embedded within a large-scale network of cortical cells in vitro and are corroborated by simulations of neuronal populations. The underlying biological mechanisms are the unavoidable increase of the neuronal response latency to ongoing stimulations and temporal or spatial summation required to generate evoked spikes. These sudden leaps in and out of synchrony may be accompanied by multiplications of the neuronal firing frequency, hence offering reliable information-bearing indicators which may bridge between the two principal neuronal coding paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Vardi
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amir Goldental
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shoshana Guberman
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
| | - Alexander Kalmanovich
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hagar Marmari
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ido Kanter
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan, Israel
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33
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Reidler I, Nixon M, Aviad Y, Guberman S, Friesem AA, Rosenbluh M, Davidson N, Kanter I. Coupled lasers: phase versus chaos synchronization. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:4174-4177. [PMID: 24321952 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The synchronization of chaotic lasers and the optical phase synchronization of light originating in multiple coupled lasers have both been extensively studied. However, the interplay between these two phenomena, especially at the network level, is unexplored. Here, we experimentally compare these phenomena by controlling the heterogeneity of the coupling delay times of two lasers. While chaotic lasers exhibit deterioration in synchronization as the time delay heterogeneity increases, phase synchronization is found to be independent of heterogeneity. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with numerical simulations for semiconductor lasers.
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34
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Yao C, Yi M, Shuai J. Time delay induced different synchronization patterns in repulsively coupled chaotic oscillators. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2013; 23:033140. [PMID: 24089976 DOI: 10.1063/1.4821942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Time delayed coupling plays a crucial role in determining the system's dynamics. We here report that the time delay induces transition from the asynchronous state to the complete synchronization (CS) state in the repulsively coupled chaotic oscillators. In particular, by changing the coupling strength or time delay, various types of synchronous patterns, including CS, antiphase CS, antiphase synchronization (ANS), and phase synchronization, can be generated. In the transition regions between different synchronous patterns, bistable synchronous oscillators can be observed. Furthermore, we show that the time-delay-induced phase flip bifurcation is of key importance for the emergence of CS. All these findings may light on our understanding of neuronal synchronization and information processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Yao
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Rosin DP, Rontani D, Gauthier DJ, Schöll E. Experiments on autonomous Boolean networks. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2013; 23:025102. [PMID: 23822500 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We realize autonomous Boolean networks by using logic gates in their autonomous mode of operation on a field-programmable gate array. This allows us to implement time-continuous systems with complex dynamical behaviors that can be conveniently interconnected into large-scale networks with flexible topologies that consist of time-delay links and a large number of nodes. We demonstrate how we realize networks with periodic, chaotic, and excitable dynamics and study their properties. Field-programmable gate arrays define a new experimental paradigm that holds great potential to test a large body of theoretical results on the dynamics of complex networks, which has been beyond reach of traditional experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Rosin
- Duke University, Department of Physics, Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Outer Synchronization between Fractional-Order Complex Networks: A Non-Fragile Observer-based Control Scheme. ENTROPY 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/e15041357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Rosin DP, Rontani D, Gauthier DJ, Schöll E. Control of synchronization patterns in neural-like Boolean networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:104102. [PMID: 23521258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study experimentally the synchronization patterns in time-delayed directed Boolean networks of excitable systems. We observe a transition in the network dynamics when the refractory time of the individual systems is adjusted. When the refractory time is on the same order of magnitude as the mean link time delays or the heterogeneities of the link time delays, cluster synchronization patterns change, or are suppressed entirely, respectively. We also show that these transitions occur when we change the properties of only a small number of driver nodes identified by their larger in degree; hence, the synchronization patterns can be controlled locally by these nodes. Our findings have implications for synchronization in biological neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Rosin
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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Vardi R, Timor R, Marom S, Abeles M, Kanter I. Synchronization by elastic neuronal latencies. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:012724. [PMID: 23410376 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.012724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychological and physiological considerations entail that formation and functionality of neuronal cell assemblies depend upon synchronized repeated activation such as zero-lag synchronization. Several mechanisms for the emergence of this phenomenon have been suggested, including the global network quantity, the greatest common divisor of neuronal circuit delay loops. However, they require strict biological prerequisites such as precisely matched delays and connectivity, and synchronization is represented as a stationary mode of activity instead of a transient phenomenon. Here we show that the unavoidable increase in neuronal response latency to ongoing stimulation serves as a nonuniform gradual stretching of neuronal circuit delay loops. This apparent nuisance is revealed to be an essential mechanism in various types of neuronal time controllers, where synchronization emerges as a transient phenomenon and without predefined precisely matched synaptic delays. These findings are described in an experimental procedure where conditioned stimulations were enforced on a circuit of neurons embedded within a large-scale network of cortical cells in vitro, and are corroborated and extended by simulations of circuits composed of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons with time-dependent latencies. These findings announce a cortical time scale for time controllers based on tens of microseconds stretching of neuronal circuit delay loops per spike. They call for a reexamination of the role of the temporal periodic mode in brain functionality using advanced in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Vardi
- Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center, and the Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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