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Herrera G, Robert A, Gonzalez S, Schoeffmann P, Tamion A, Tournus F, Bardotti L, Boisron O, Albin C, Blanchard N, Canero-Infante I, Romeo PR, Canut B, Otero E, Ohresser P, Wilhelm F, Rogalev A, Bugnet M, Le Roy D, Dupuis V. Finite size effects on the metamagnetic phase transition in a thick B2 FeRh nanocluster film. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38856701 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00873a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
FeRh alloys in the CsCl-type (B2) chemically ordered phase present an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order transition around 370 K observed in bulk and continuous films but absent in nanoclusters. In this study, we investigate the thermal magnetic behavior of a thick film composed of assembled FeRh nanoclusters preformed in the gas phase. This work reveals a broad and asymmetric metamagnetic transition with a consequent residual magnetization at low temperature. Due to the coexistence of different grain sizes in the sample, we confront the results with a description that involves two populations of B2-FeRh particles, and the existence of a discriminating size below which the magnetic order transition does not take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Herrera
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Anthony Robert
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Sara Gonzalez
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5270 ECL INSA UCBL CPE, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | - Alexandre Tamion
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Florent Tournus
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Laurent Bardotti
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Olivier Boisron
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Clément Albin
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Nicholas Blanchard
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Ingrid Canero-Infante
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5270 ECL INSA UCBL CPE, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Pedro Rojo Romeo
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5270 ECL INSA UCBL CPE, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Canut
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5270 ECL INSA UCBL CPE, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Edwige Otero
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | | | - Fabrice Wilhelm
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrei Rogalev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthieu Bugnet
- CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MATEIS, UMR5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Véronique Dupuis
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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2
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Motyčková L, Arregi JA, Staňo M, Průša S, Částková K, Uhlíř V. Preserving Metamagnetism in Self-Assembled FeRh Nanomagnets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8653-8665. [PMID: 36720004 PMCID: PMC10016751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Preparing and exploiting phase-change materials in the nanoscale form is an ongoing challenge for advanced material research. A common lasting obstacle is preserving the desired functionality present in the bulk form. Here, we present self-assembly routes of metamagnetic FeRh nanoislands with tunable sizes and shapes. While the phase transition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic orders is largely suppressed in nanoislands formed on oxide substrates via thermodynamic nucleation, we find that nanomagnet arrays formed through solid-state dewetting keep their metamagnetic character. This behavior is strongly dependent on the resulting crystal faceting of the nanoislands, which is characteristic of each assembly route. Comparing the calculated surface energies for each magnetic phase of the nanoislands reveals that metamagnetism can be suppressed or allowed by specific geometrical configurations of the facets. Furthermore, we find that spatial confinement leads to very pronounced supercooling and the absence of phase separation in the nanoislands. Finally, the supported nanomagnets are chemically etched away from the substrates to inspect the phase transition properties of self-standing nanoparticles. We demonstrate that solid-state dewetting is a feasible and scalable way to obtain supported and free-standing FeRh nanomagnets with preserved metamagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Motyčková
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jon Ander Arregi
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Staňo
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Průša
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Brno University
of Technology, Technická
2, 616 69Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Částková
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
- Department
of Ceramics and Polymers, Brno University
of Technology, Technická
2, 616 69Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Uhlíř
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Brno University
of Technology, Technická
2, 616 69Brno, Czech Republic
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Ye X, Fortunato N, Sarkar A, Geßwein H, Wang D, Chen X, Eggert B, Wende H, Brand RA, Zhang H, Hahn H, Kruk R. Creating a Ferromagnetic Ground State with T c Above Room Temperature in a Paramagnetic Alloy through Non-Equilibrium Nanostructuring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108793. [PMID: 34856022 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Materials with strong magnetostructural coupling have complex energy landscapes featuring multiple local ground states, thus making it possible to switch among distinct magnetic-electronic properties. However, these energy minima are rarely accessible by a mere application of an external stimuli to the system in equilibrium state. A ferromagnetic ground state, with Tc above room temperature, can be created in an initially paramagnetic alloy by nonequilibrium nanostructuring. By a dealloying process, bulk chemically disordered FeRh alloys are transformed into a nanoporous structure with the topology of a few nanometer-sized ligaments and nodes. Magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy reveal the coexistence of two magnetic ground states, a conventional low-temperature spin-glass and a hitherto-unknown robust ferromagnetic phase. The emergence of the ferromagnetic phase is validated by density functional theory calculations showing that local tetragonal distortion induced by surface stress favors ferromagnetic ordering. The study provides a means for reaching conventionally inaccessible magnetic states, resulting in a complete on/off ferromagnetic-paramagnetic switching over a broad temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Ye
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nuno Fortunato
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Abhishek Sarkar
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Geßwein
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xiang Chen
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Benedikt Eggert
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Richard A Brand
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Horst Hahn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Robert Kruk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Vlaic S, Mousadakos D, Ouazi S, Rusponi S, Brune H. Increasing Magnetic Anisotropy in Bimetallic Nanoislands Grown on fcc(111) Metal Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030518. [PMID: 35159863 PMCID: PMC8840744 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic properties and the atomic scale morphology of bimetallic two-dimensional nanoislands, epitaxially grown on fcc(111) metal surfaces, have been studied by means of Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. We investigate the effect on blocking temperature of one-dimensional interlines appearing in core-shell structures, of two-dimensional interfaces created by capping, and of random alloying. The islands are grown on Pt(111) and contain a Co-core, surrounded by Ag, Rh, and Pd shells, or capped by Pd. The largest effect is obtained by Pd capping, increasing the blocking temperature by a factor of three compared to pure Co islands. In addition, for Co-core Fe-shell and Co-core FexCo1−x-shell islands, self-assembled into well ordered superlattices on Au(11,12,12) vicinal surfaces, we find a strong enhancement of the blocking temperature compared to pure Co islands of the same size. These ultra-high-density (15 Tdots/in2) superlattices of CoFe nanodots, only 500 atoms in size, have blocking temperature exceeding 100 K. Our findings open new possibilities to tailor the magnetic properties of nanoislands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vlaic
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.V.); (D.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
- Laboratoire de Physique et d’Étude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris-PSL Universtity, CNRS UMR8213, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dimitris Mousadakos
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.V.); (D.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Safia Ouazi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.V.); (D.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefano Rusponi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.V.); (D.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.V.); (D.M.); (S.O.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Dupuis V, Robert A, Hillion A, Khadra G, Blanc N, Le Roy D, Tournus F, Albin C, Boisron O, Tamion A. Cubic chemically ordered FeRh and FeCo nanomagnets prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition: a comparative study. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1850-1860. [PMID: 28144534 PMCID: PMC5238643 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Near the point of equiatomic composition, both FeRh and FeCo bulk alloys exhibit a CsCl-type (B2) chemically ordered phase that is related to specific magnetic properties, namely a metamagnetic anti-ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic transition near room temperature for FeRh and a huge magnetic moment for the FeCo soft alloy. In this paper, we present the magnetic and structural properties of nanoparticles of less than 5 nm diameter embedded in an inert carbon matrix prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition technique. We obtained a CsCl-type (B2) chemically ordered phase for annealed nanoalloys. Using different experimental measurements, we show how decreasing the size affects the magnetic properties. FeRh nanoparticles keep the ferromagnetic order at low temperature due to surface relaxation affecting the cell parameter. In the case of FeCo clusters, the environment drastically affects the intrinsic properties of this system by reducing the magnetization in comparison to the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Dupuis
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Anthony Robert
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Hillion
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR7198, Université H. Poincarré-CNRS, F-5406 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Ghassan Khadra
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures, UMR7374 Université d'Orléans-CNRS, F-45071 Orléans cedex, France
| | - Nils Blanc
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Le Roy
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Florent Tournus
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Clement Albin
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Olivier Boisron
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Tamion
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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7
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Dupuis V, Khadra G, Hillion A, Tamion A, Tuaillon-Combes J, Bardotti L, Tournus F. Intrinsic magnetic properties of bimetallic nanoparticles elaborated by cluster beam deposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [PMID: 26206215 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00943j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present some specific chemical and magnetic order obtained very recently on characteristic bimetallic nanoalloys prepared by mass-selected Low Energy Cluster Beam Deposition (LECBD). We study how the competition between d-atom hybridization, complex structure, morphology and chemical affinity affects their intrinsic magnetic properties at the nanoscale. The structural and magnetic properties of these nanoalloys were investigated using various experimental techniques that include High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometry, as well as synchrotron techniques such as Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD). Depending on the chemical nature of the nanoalloys we observe different magnetic responses compared to their bulk counterparts. In particular, we show how specific relaxation in nanoalloys impacts their magnetic anisotropy; and how finite size effects (size reduction) inversely enhance their magnetic moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dupuis
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Sander D, Phark SH, Corbetta M, Fischer JA, Oka H, Kirschner J. The impact of structural relaxation on spin polarization and magnetization reversal of individual nano structures studied by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:394008. [PMID: 25212671 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/39/394008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of low temperature spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy in magnetic fields for the quantitative characterization of spin polarization, magnetization reversal and magnetic anisotropy of individual nano structures is reviewed. We find that structural relaxation, spin polarization and magnetic anisotropy vary on the nm scale near the border of a bilayer Co island on Cu(1 1 1). This relaxation is lifted by perimetric decoration with Fe. We discuss the role of spatial variations of the spin-dependent electronic properties within and at the edge of a single nano structure for its magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Sander
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Vaz CAF, Balan A, Nolting F, Kleibert A. In situ magnetic and electronic investigation of the early stage oxidation of Fe nanoparticles using X-ray photo-emission electron microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26624-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situX-ray photoemission electron microscopy reveals the evolution of chemical composition and magnetism of individual iron nanoparticles during oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. F. Vaz
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A. Balan
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F. Nolting
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A. Kleibert
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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