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Ki S, Shin S, Cho S, Bang S, Choi D, Nam Y. Sustainable Thermal Regulation of Electronics via Mitigated Supercooling of Porous Gallium-Based Phase Change Materials. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2310185. [PMID: 38634574 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Gallium liquid metal is one of the promising phase change materials for passive thermal management of electronics due to their high thermal conductivity and latent heat per volume. However, it suffers from severe supercooling, in which molten gallium does not return to solid due to the lack of nucleation. It may require 28.2 °C lower temperature than the original freezing point to address supercooling, leading to unstable thermal regulation performance along fluctuations of cooling condition. Here, gallium is infused into porous copper in an oxide-free environment, forming intermetallic compound impurities at the interfaces to reduce the activation energy for heterogeneous nucleation. The porous-shaped gallium provides ≈63% smaller supercooling than that of the bulk type due to large specific surface area (≈9,070 cm2 per cm3) and high wetting characteristics (≈16° of contact angle) on CuGa2 intermetallic layer. During repetitive heating-cooling cycles, porous-shaped gallium consistently shows propagation of crystallization at even near room temperature (≈25 °C) while maintaining stable performance as thermal buffer, whereas droplet-shaped gallium is gradually degraded due to partial-supercooled state. The findings will improve the responsive thermal regulation performance to relieve a rapid increase in temperature of semiconductors/batteries, and also have a potential for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokkan Ki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34 141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34 141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17 104, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosik Bang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34 141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhi Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17 104, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34 141, Republic of Korea
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Sun Y, Mendelev MI, Zhang F, Liu X, Da B, Wang CZ, Wentzcovitch RM, Ho KM. Unveiling the effect of Ni on the formation and structure of Earth's inner core. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316477121. [PMID: 38236737 PMCID: PMC10823253 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316477121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ni is the second most abundant element in the Earth's core. Yet, its effects on the inner core's structure and formation process are usually disregarded because of its electronic and size similarity with Fe. Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the bcc phase can spontaneously crystallize in liquid Ni at temperatures above Fe's melting point at inner core pressures. The melting temperature of Ni is shown to be 700 to 800 K higher than that of Fe at 323 to 360 GPa. hcp, bcc, and liquid phase relations differ for Fe and Ni. Ni can be a bcc stabilizer for Fe at high temperatures and inner core pressures. A small amount of Ni can accelerate Fe's crystallization at core pressures. These results suggest that Ni may substantially impact the structure and formation process of the solid inner core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | | | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Xun Liu
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki305-0044, Japan
| | - Bo Da
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki305-0044, Japan
| | | | - Renata M. Wentzcovitch
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY10010
| | - Kai-Ming Ho
- Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
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Melnik BS, Glukhova KA, Sokolova (Voronova) EA, Balalaeva IV, Garbuzynskiy SO, Finkelstein AV. Physics of Ice Nucleation and Antinucleation: Action of Ice-Binding Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 14:54. [PMID: 38254654 PMCID: PMC10813080 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins are crucial for the adaptation of various organisms to low temperatures. Some of these, called antifreeze proteins, are usually thought to inhibit growth and/or recrystallization of ice crystals. However, prior to these events, ice must somehow appear in the organism, either coming from outside or forming inside it through the nucleation process. Unlike most other works, our paper is focused on ice nucleation and not on the behavior of the already-nucleated ice, its growth, etc. The nucleation kinetics is studied both theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical section, special attention is paid to surfaces that bind ice stronger than water and thus can be "ice nucleators", potent or relatively weak; but without them, ice cannot be nucleated in any way in calm water at temperatures above -30 °C. For experimental studies, we used: (i) the ice-binding protein mIBP83, which is a previously constructed mutant of a spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana antifreeze protein, and (ii) a hyperactive ice-binding antifreeze protein, RmAFP1, from a longhorn beetle Rhagium mordax. We have shown that RmAFP1 (but not mIBP83) definitely decreased the ice nucleation temperature of water in test tubes (where ice originates at much higher temperatures than in bulk water and thus the process is affected by some ice-nucleating surfaces) and, most importantly, that both of the studied ice-binding proteins significantly decreased the ice nucleation temperature that had been significantly raised in the presence of potent ice nucleators (CuO powder and ice-nucleating bacteria Pseudomonas syringae). Additional experiments on human cells have shown that mIBP83 is concentrated in some cell regions of the cooled cells. Thus, the ice-binding protein interacts not only with ice, but also with other sites that act or potentially may act as ice nucleators. Such ice-preventing interaction may be the crucial biological task of ice-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan S. Melnik
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (K.A.G.); (S.O.G.)
| | - Ksenia A. Glukhova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (K.A.G.); (S.O.G.)
| | - Evgeniya A. Sokolova (Voronova)
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (I.V.B.)
| | - Irina V. Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (I.V.B.)
| | - Sergiy O. Garbuzynskiy
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (K.A.G.); (S.O.G.)
| | - Alexei V. Finkelstein
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (K.A.G.); (S.O.G.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
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Amir A, Yehudit N, Pasquale P, Roy A. The Effect of Cryoprotectants Concentration on Ice Crystal Propagation Velocity. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:547-553. [PMID: 36383132 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Two physicochemical effects occur during vitrification: nucleation and crystallization. Nucleation is a statistical occurrence by its nature. Thus, the more water molecules that are present the higher are the chances for nucleation to occur. Crystallization is a first-order transition where a water molecule is incorporated into ice crystal. Intracellular viscosity, which is the combination of water, salts, and cryoprotectants (CPs), affects both the nucleation and crystal growth rates. Ice velocity is inversely correlated with the viscosity and directly proportional to the function of the system's supercooling. However, little is known about the speed of ice crystal propagation in vitrification solutions containing different concentrations of CPs. Methods: This article describes the ice crystal propagation velocity while referring to vitrification. Ice crystal propagation velocity was measured in solutions containing different CP (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], propylene glycol [PG], ethylene glycol [EG], and glycerol) concentrations at a supercooled temperature. The different CPs solutions were inserted into 0.25 mL straws and placed in different temperatures of an alcohol bath (Tc) at supercooling temperatures of -8°C to -10°C. Results: We found that ice crystal propagation is inversely correlated to CP concentrations. Interestingly, PG showed, with statistically significant results, lower ice crystal growth velocities up to concentrations of 30% (v/v), compared with DMSO, and EG at the same concentrations. The combination of EG with PG showed better results (0.25 mm/s) than EG with DMSO (0.39 mm/s) in terms of decreasing the ice crystal growth velocity. When the concentration was increased to 40% (v/v), EG showed the lowest ice crystal propagation velocity (0.09 mm/s), although not significantly different than PG and glycerol but significantly lower than DMSO (0.13 mm/s). Conclusion: These results suggest that current vitrification solutions are not optimized. Based on our results, we suggest that combining PG with EG has advantages over the combination of DMSO and EG, which might promote successful cell and tissue vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrizio Pasquale
- Division Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Arav Roy
- A.A. Technology, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Golding D, Rupp KL, Sustar A, Pratt B, Tuthill JC. Snow flies self-amputate freezing limbs to sustain behavior at sub-zero temperatures. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4549-4556.e3. [PMID: 37757830 PMCID: PMC10842534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Temperature profoundly impacts all living creatures. In spite of the thermodynamic constraints on biology, some animals have evolved to live and move in extremely cold environments. Here, we investigate behavioral mechanisms of cold tolerance in the snow fly (Chionea spp.), a flightless crane fly that is active throughout the winter in boreal and alpine environments of the northern hemisphere. Using thermal imaging, we show that adult snow flies maintain the ability to walk down to an average body temperature of -7°C. At this supercooling limit, ice crystallization occurs within the snow fly's hemolymph and rapidly spreads throughout the body, resulting in death. However, we discovered that snow flies frequently survive freezing by rapidly amputating legs before ice crystallization can spread to their vital organs. Self-amputation of freezing limbs is a last-ditch tactic to prolong survival in frigid conditions that few animals can endure. Understanding the extreme physiology and behavior of snow insects holds particular significance at this moment when their alpine habitats are rapidly changing due to anthropogenic climate change. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Golding
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katie L Rupp
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anne Sustar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brandon Pratt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John C Tuthill
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Năstase G, Botea F, Beșchea GA, Câmpean ȘI, Barcu A, Neacșu I, Herlea V, Popescu I, Chang TT, Rubinsky B, Șerban A. Isochoric Supercooling Organ Preservation System. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:934. [PMID: 37627819 PMCID: PMC10451689 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This technical paper introduces a novel organ preservation system based on isochoric (constant volume) supercooling. The system is designed to enhance the stability of the metastable supercooling state, offering potential long-term preservation of large biological organs at subfreezing temperatures without the need for cryoprotectant additives. Detailed technical designs and usage protocols are provided for researchers interested in exploring this field. The paper also presents a control system based on the thermodynamics of isochoric freezing, utilizing pressure monitoring for process control. Sham experiments were performed using whole pig liver sourced from a local food supplier to evaluate the system's ability to sustain supercooling without ice nucleation for extended periods. The results demonstrated sustained supercooling without ice nucleation in pig liver tissue for 24 and 48 h. These findings suggest the potential of this technology for large-volume, cryoprotectant-free organ preservation with real-time control over the preservation process. The simplicity of the isochoric supercooling device and the design details provided in the paper are expected to serve as encouragement for other researchers in the field to pursue further research on isochoric supercooling. However, final evidence that these preserved organs can be successfully transplanted is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Năstase
- Department of Building Services, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500152 Brasov, Romania; (G.-A.B.); (Ș.-I.C.)
| | - Florin Botea
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine CEMT, “Dan Setlacec” Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (V.H.); (I.P.)
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Profilactical Disciplines, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George-Andrei Beșchea
- Department of Building Services, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500152 Brasov, Romania; (G.-A.B.); (Ș.-I.C.)
| | - Ștefan-Ioan Câmpean
- Department of Building Services, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500152 Brasov, Romania; (G.-A.B.); (Ș.-I.C.)
| | - Alexandru Barcu
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine CEMT, “Dan Setlacec” Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (V.H.); (I.P.)
| | | | - Vlad Herlea
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine CEMT, “Dan Setlacec” Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (V.H.); (I.P.)
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine CEMT, “Dan Setlacec” Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (V.H.); (I.P.)
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Profilactical Disciplines, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tammy T. Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Alexandru Șerban
- Department of Thermotechnics, Engines, Thermal and Refrigeration Equipment, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
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Neven LG. Diapause of the Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae): metabolic rate and overwintering adaptations. Environ Entomol 2023; 52:436-445. [PMID: 37119126 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens (Curran), is a Tephritid fly in the Pacific Northwest and is known to infest native bitter cherry, Prunus emarginata (Douglas ex Hooker), which is distributed throughout the Cascade Mountain range. This species occupies temperate to alpine climates and exhibits overwintering adaptations of diapause and supercooling. Isothermal and differential scanning calorimetry were used to determine the effects of diapause chilling duration and post-chilling warm rearing on the metabolic rate and supercooling point of R. indifferens. Previous studies have included the effects of chilling duration on post-diapause development and emergence as well as on the levels of metabolic reserves. Metabolic rate of R. indifferens, was used to calculate the ability of this species to remain in diapause for more than 1 yr as well as predicting the potential effects of climate change on the future abundance and distribution. It was determined that R. indifferens could diapause for more than 1 yr based on the levels of metabolic reserves and metabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Neven
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA
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William N, Isiksacan Z, Mykhailova O, Olafson C, Yarmush ML, Usta OB, Acker JP. Comparing two extracellular additives to facilitate extended storage of red blood cells in a supercooled state. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1165330. [PMID: 37324383 PMCID: PMC10267403 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels guide many aspects of the red blood cell (RBC) hypothermic storage lesions. As a result, efforts to improve the quality of hypothermic-stored red cell concentrates (RCCs) have largely centered around designing storage solutions to promote ATP retention. Considering reduced temperatures alone would diminish metabolism, and thereby enhance ATP retention, we evaluated: (a) whether the quality of stored blood is improved at -4°C relative to conventional 4°C storage, and (b) whether the addition of trehalose and PEG400 can enhance these improvements. Study Design and Methods: Ten CPD/SAGM leukoreduced RCCs were pooled, split, and resuspended in a next-generation storage solution (i.e., PAG3M) supplemented with 0-165 mM of trehalose or 0-165 mM of PEG400. In a separate subset of samples, mannitol was removed at equimolar concentrations to achieve a fixed osmolarity between the additive and non-additive groups. All samples were stored at both 4°C and -4°C under a layer of paraffin oil to prevent ice formation. Results: PEG400 reduced hemolysis and increased deformability in -4°C-stored samples when used at a concentration of 110 mM. Reduced temperatures did indeed enhance ATP retention; however, in the absence of an additive, the characteristic storage-dependent decline in deformability and increase in hemolysis was exacerbated. The addition of trehalose enhanced this decline in deformability and hemolysis at -4°C; although, this was marginally alleviated by the osmolarity-adjustments. In contrast, outcomes with PEG400 were worsened by these osmolarity adjustments, but at no concentration, in the absence of these adjustments, was damage greater than the control. Discussion: Supercooled temperatures can allow for improved ATP retention; however, this does not translate into improved storage success. Additional work is necessary to further elucidate the mechanism of injury that progresses at these temperatures such that storage solutions can be designed which allow RBCs to benefit from this diminished rate of metabolic deterioration. The present study suggests that PEG400 could be an ideal component in these solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishaka William
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ziya Isiksacan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Children’s, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olga Mykhailova
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carly Olafson
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Children’s, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - O. Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Shriners Children’s, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason P. Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Innovation and Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Wang K, Chen W, Xiao S, Chen J, Hu W. Pattern Formation under Deep Supercooling by Classical Density Functional-Based Approach. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:e25050708. [PMID: 37238463 DOI: 10.3390/e25050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Solidification patterns during nonequilibrium crystallization are among the most important microstructures in the natural and technical realms. In this work, we investigate the crystal growth in deeply supercooled liquid using the classical density functional-based approaches. Our result shows that the complex amplitude expanded phase-field crystal (APFC) model containing the vacancy nonequilibrium effects proposed by us could naturally reproduce the growth front nucleation (GFN) and various nonequilibrium patterns, including the faceted growth, spherulite, symmetric and nonsymmetric dendrites among others, at the atom level. Moreover, an extraordinary microscopic columnar-to-equiaxed transition is uncovered, which is found to depend on the seed spacing and distribution. Such a phenomenon could be attributed to the combined effects of the long-wave and short-wave elastic interactions. Particularly, the columnar growth could also be predicted by an APFC model containing inertia effects, but the lattice defect type in the growing crystal is different due to the different types of short-wave interactions. Two stages are identified during the crystal growth under different undercooling, corresponding to diffusion-controlled growth and GFN-dominated growth, respectively. However, compared with the second stage, the first stage becomes too short to be noticed under the high undercooling. The distinct feature of the second stage is the dramatic increments of lattice defects, which explains the amorphous nucleation precursor in the supercooled liquid. The transition time between the two stages at different undercooling is investigated. Crystal growth of BCC structure further confirms our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shifang Xiao
- Department of Applied Physics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wangyu Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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10
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Lindow S. History of Discovery and Environmental Role of Ice Nucleating Bacteria. Phytopathology 2023; 113:605-615. [PMID: 36122194 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-22-0256-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of biological ice nucleation that is exhibited by a variety of bacteria is a fascinating phenotype, which has been shown to incite frost damage to frost-sensitive plants and has been proposed to contribute to atmospheric processes that affect the water cycle and earth's radiation balance. This review explores the several possible drivers for the evolutionary origin of the ice nucleation phenotype. These bacteria and the gene required for this phenotype have also been exploited in processes as diverse as reporter gene assays to assess environmentally responsive gene expression in various plant pathogenic and environmental bacteria and in the detection of foodborne human pathogens when coupled with host-specific bacteriophage, whereas ice nucleating bacteria themselves have been exploited in the production of artificial snow for recreation and oil exploration and in the process of freezing of various food products. This review also examines the historical development of our understanding of ice nucleating bacteria, details of the genetic determinants of ice nucleation, and features of the aggregates of membrane-bound ice nucleation protein necessary for catalyzing ice. Lastly, this review also explores the role of these bacteria in limiting the supercooling ability of plants and the strategies and limitations of avoiding plant frost damage by managing these bacterial populations by bactericides, antagonistic bacteria, or cultural control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lindow
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Motyčková L, Arregi JA, Staňo M, Průša S, Částková K, Uhlíř V. Preserving Metamagnetism in Self-Assembled FeRh Nanomagnets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:8653-8665. [PMID: 36720004 PMCID: PMC10016751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Preparing and exploiting phase-change materials in the nanoscale form is an ongoing challenge for advanced material research. A common lasting obstacle is preserving the desired functionality present in the bulk form. Here, we present self-assembly routes of metamagnetic FeRh nanoislands with tunable sizes and shapes. While the phase transition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic orders is largely suppressed in nanoislands formed on oxide substrates via thermodynamic nucleation, we find that nanomagnet arrays formed through solid-state dewetting keep their metamagnetic character. This behavior is strongly dependent on the resulting crystal faceting of the nanoislands, which is characteristic of each assembly route. Comparing the calculated surface energies for each magnetic phase of the nanoislands reveals that metamagnetism can be suppressed or allowed by specific geometrical configurations of the facets. Furthermore, we find that spatial confinement leads to very pronounced supercooling and the absence of phase separation in the nanoislands. Finally, the supported nanomagnets are chemically etched away from the substrates to inspect the phase transition properties of self-standing nanoparticles. We demonstrate that solid-state dewetting is a feasible and scalable way to obtain supported and free-standing FeRh nanomagnets with preserved metamagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Motyčková
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jon Ander Arregi
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Staňo
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Průša
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Brno University
of Technology, Technická
2, 616 69Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Částková
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
- Department
of Ceramics and Polymers, Brno University
of Technology, Technická
2, 616 69Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Uhlíř
- CEITEC
BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Brno University
of Technology, Technická
2, 616 69Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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López D, Sanhueza C, Salvo-Garrido H, Bascunan-Godoy L, Bravo LA. How Does Diurnal and Nocturnal Warming Affect the Freezing Resistance of Antarctic Vascular Plants? Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:806. [PMID: 36840154 PMCID: PMC9966323 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic Peninsula has rapidly warmed up in past decades, and global warming has exhibited an asymmetric trend; therefore, it is interesting to understand whether nocturnal or diurnal warming is the most relevant for plant cold deacclimation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diurnal and nocturnal warming on Antarctic vascular plant's freezing resistance under laboratory conditions. This was studied by measuring the lethal temperature for 50% of tissue (LT50), ice nucleation temperature (INT), and freezing point (FP) on Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis plants. Additionally, soluble carbohydrates content and dehydrin levels were analyzed during nocturnal and diurnal temperatures increase. Nocturnal warming led to a 7 °C increase in the LT50 of D. antarctica and reduced dehydrin-like peptide expression. Meanwhile, C. quitensis warmed plants reduce their LT50 to about 3.6 °C. Both species reduce their sucrose content by more than 28% in warming treatments. Therefore, nocturnal warming leads to cold deacclimation in both plant species, while C. quitensis plants are also cold-deacclimated upon warm days. This suggests that even when the remaining freezing resistance of both species allows them to tolerate summer freezing events, C. quitensis can reach its boundaries of freezing vulnerability in the near future if warming in the Antarctic Peninsula progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariel López
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente and Center of Plant, Soil Interactions and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Haroldo Salvo-Garrido
- Centro de Genómica Nutricional Agroacuícola, Ciencia en Plantas, Temuco 4781158, Chile
| | - Luisa Bascunan-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - León A. Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente and Center of Plant, Soil Interactions and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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13
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Daily MI, Whale TF, Kilbride P, Lamb S, John Morris G, Picton HM, Murray BJ. A highly active mineral-based ice nucleating agent supports in situ cell cryopreservation in a high throughput format. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220682. [PMID: 36751925 PMCID: PMC9905984 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of biological matter in microlitre scale volumes of liquid would be useful for a range of applications. At present, it is challenging because small volumes of water tend to supercool, and deep supercooling is known to lead to poor post-thaw cell viability. Here, we show that a mineral ice nucleator can almost eliminate supercooling in 100 µl liquid volumes during cryopreservation. This strategy of eliminating supercooling greatly enhances cell viability relative to cryopreservation protocols with uncontrolled ice nucleation. Using infrared thermography, we demonstrate a direct relationship between the extent of supercooling and post-thaw cell viability. Using a mineral nucleator delivery system, we open the door to the routine cryopreservation of mammalian cells in multiwell plates for applications such as high throughput toxicology testing of pharmaceutical products and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin I. Daily
- Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas F. Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | | | - Helen M. Picton
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Murray
- Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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14
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Lee H, Park DH, Kim EJ, Choi MJ. Freshness Analysis of Raw Laver ( Pyropia yenzoensis) Conserved under Supercooling Conditions. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030510. [PMID: 36766039 PMCID: PMC9913910 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing raw laver is unsuitable for the laver industry due to process characteristics and economic problems. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate supercooled storage to extend the storage period without freezing, rather than refrigeration. To compare and analyze the storage ability of supercooling, the experiment was performed under refrigeration (5 °C), constant supercooling (CS, -2 °C), stepwise supercooling (SS, -2 °C), and freezing (-18 °C) conditions for 15 days, and the physicochemical changes according to the treatment and period were investigated. All SS samples, which were designed for stable supercooling, were kept in a supercooled state for 15 days. Two samples among the twelve total subjected to CS were frozen. At 9 days, the drip losses of the CS and SS samples were 6.32% and 6.48%, respectively, which was two times lower than that of refrigeration and three times lower than that of the frozen samples. The VBN of the refrigerated samples was 108.33 mg/100 g at 6 days, which exceeded the decomposition criterion. Simultaneously, the VBN of the other treatments was under the decomposition criterion of 30 mg/100 g. However, the VBN of both supercooling samples at 15 days increased to higher than the decomposition criterion. Regarding appearance, the refrigerated samples showed tissue destruction at 9 days, but tissue destruction of the CS and CC samples was observed at 15 days, and tissue destruction of the frozen samples was not observed until 15 days. Consequently, supercooling did not maintain quality for longer periods than freezing, but it did extend the shelf life more than refrigeration, and effectively preserved the quality for a short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonbo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Park
- Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, Practical Technology Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Refrigerator Research of Engineering Division, Home Appliance and Air Solution Company, LG Electronics, Changwon 51533, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-3048
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15
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Nartowska E, Styś-Maniara M, Kozłowski T. The Potential Environmental and Social Influence of the Inorganic Salt Hydrates Used as a Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage in Solar Installations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1331. [PMID: 36674088 PMCID: PMC9859279 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to assess the potential impact of inorganic salt hydrates used as PCM material in solar installations on the environment and human health and to assess the society's approach to this technology. The properties of salt are discussed in two ways: first, by analyzing the environmental and health problems caused by chemical hazards on the basis of the available material safety data sheets. Secondly, by analyzing the potential disadvantages of salt hydrates in terms of environmental hazards based on the results of experimental studies available in the literature. Then, using questionnaires, the public approach to solar installations with a built-in converter containing salt hydrates is assessed. Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate turned out to be the most prospective salt in terms of environmental, thermophysical, and economic properties for use in solar installations. Understanding the attitudes of the local community toward technologies using inorganic salt hydrates will enable appropriate action to be taken in the future to promote their development. Surveys have shown great public concern about their impact on the environment and human health. In this regard, it is necessary to implement information and promotion activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Nartowska
- Department of Geotechnics and Waste Management, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
| | - Marta Styś-Maniara
- Department of Building Physics and Renewable Energy, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozłowski
- Department of Geotechnics and Waste Management, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
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16
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Pei Y, Jin J, Wu Q, Liang X, Lv C, Guo J. Cold Acclimation and Supercooling Capacity of Agasicles hygrophila Adults. Insects 2023; 14:58. [PMID: 36661986 PMCID: PMC9867054 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agasicles hygrophila Selman and Vogt is used in the biological control of the invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. However, with the northward establishment of A. philoxeroides in China, the weak adaptivity of A. hygrophila to cold weather has resulted in the ineffective control of A. philoxeroides in northern China. Cold acclimation can significantly enhance insect cold tolerance, enabling them to cope with more frequent climate fluctuations. To improve the biological control efficacy of A. hygrophila in cold climates, we compared the effects of rapid cold hardening and acclimation on A. hygrophila under laboratory conditions. On initially transferring adults from 26 to -10 °C for 2 h, mortality reached 80%. However, when pre-exposed to 0 °C for 2 h and then transferred to -10 °C for 2 h, adult mortality was reduced to 36.67%. These findings indicate that cold acclimation can enhance the cold tolerance of A. hygrophila under laboratory conditions. However, the beneficial cold acclimation effects waned after more than 15 min of recovery at 26 °C. Exposure to 15 °C for 24 h or gradual cooling from 0 to -10 °C at 1 °C·min-1 also induced cold acclimation, indicating that long-term cold and fluctuating cold acclimation are also potentially effective strategies for enhancing low-temperature tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jisu Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Xiaocui Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chen Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Park DH, Kim EJ, Kim H, Hong GP, Choi MJ. Conditions of the Stepwise Cooling Algorithm for Stable Supercooling Preservation and Freshness of Pork Loin. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244021. [PMID: 36553763 PMCID: PMC9777670 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercooling has the advantage of maintaining the freshness of foods without a phase transition. However, it is hard to sustain the supercooled state. Static temperature control, one of the various supercooling technologies, is used for stable supercooling storage. In this experiment, the effect of following external factors in maintaining the supercooled state of foods was investigated. Three main parameters had an effect on the supercooled state of food: (1) properly setting the lower-temperature limit of the supercooling algorithm, (2) slow cooling to the target temperature, and (3) minimizing temperature fluctuation. Accordingly, the following stepwise cooling algorithm for pork loin was designed: a lower-temperature limit of −3.0 °C and a storage period = 36 h followed by a lower-temperature limit of −3.5 °C for 24 h. The samples conserved at −3.0 °C displayed a 100% supercooled state. Physicochemical properties including drip loss, cooking loss, texture, color, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and total aerobic count (TAC) of pork loin were analyzed. The drip loss values of the supercooled meat samples were lower than those of the superchilled ones. Furthermore, TVBN and TAC of the treated samples were not significantly different from those of the fresh samples (p > 0.05). In conclusion, supercooling storage extended the freshness and quality of pork loin better than refrigerated storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Refrigerator Research of Engineering Division, Home Appliance and Air Solution Company, LG Electronics, Changwon 51533, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Pyo Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2450-3048; Fax: +82-2455-3726
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18
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Kim H, Hong GP. Comparison of Superchilling and Supercooling on Extending the Fresh Quality of Beef Loin. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182729. [PMID: 36140856 PMCID: PMC9498017 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of superchilling and supercooling preservations for 15 days on the freshness and quality characteristics of beef loin. Beef freshness was evaluated by total aerobic count (TAC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and instrumental color, drip loss, cooking loss, and texture profile analysis (TPA) were determined as quality parameters. All assays were compared with fresh control and normal chilling conditions (4 °C). The mean preservation temperatures of superchilling and supercooling were −3.9 °C and −2.1 °C, respectively. The freshness parameters indicated that both superchilling and supercooling extended the freshness of beef loin for 15 days, while chilled beef could not maintain the standard of freshness conditions. For quality parameters, there was no difference between the control and supercooling treatments, whereas superchilling exhibited higher drip loss and toughness compared to the control (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrated that supercooling was the best preservation technique to extend the freshness and quality of beef loin, but superchilling was not suitable to guarantee the quality of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geun-Pyo Hong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3408-2914; Fax: +82-2-3408-4319
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19
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Ishikawa M, Ide H, Tsujii T, Stait-Gardner T, Kubo H, Matsushita N, Fukuda K, Price WS, Arata Y. Preferential freezing avoidance localised in anthers and embryo sacs in wintering Daphne kamtschatica var. jezoensis flower buds visualised by magnetic resonance imaging. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:2109-2125. [PMID: 34985134 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore diversity in cold hardiness mechanisms, high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to visualise freezing behaviours in wintering Daphne kamtschatica var. jezoensis flower buds, which have naked florets and no bud scales. MRI images showed that anthers remained stably supercooled to the range from -14 to -21°C or lower while most other tissues froze by -7°C. Freezing of some anthers detected in MRI images between -14 and -21°C corresponded with numerous low temperature exotherms and also with the 'all-or-nothing' type of anther injuries. In ovules/pistils, only embryo sacs remained supercooled at -7°C or lower, but slowly dehydrated during further cooling. Cryomicroscopic observation revealed ice formation in the cavities of calyx tubes and pistils but detected no ice in embryo sacs or in anthers. The distribution of ice nucleation activity in floral tissues corroborated the tissue freezing behaviours. Filaments likely work as the ice blocking barrier that prevents ice intrusion from extracellularly frozen calyx tubes to connecting unfrozen anthers. Unique freezing behaviours were demonstrated in Daphne flower buds: preferential freezing avoidance in male and female gametophytes and their surrounding tissues (by stable supercooling in anthers and by supercooling with slow dehydration in embryo sacs) while the remaining tissues tolerate extracellular freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ishikawa
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ide
- Water Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Timothy Stait-Gardner
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hikaru Kubo
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Matsushita
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William S Price
- Water Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Yoji Arata
- Water Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
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20
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Guerreiro BM, Consiglio AN, Rubinsky B, Powell-Palm MJ, Freitas F. Enhanced Control over Ice Nucleation Stochasticity Using a Carbohydrate Polymer Cryoprotectant. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1852-1859. [PMID: 35380422 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metastable supercooling has emerged as a transformative technique for ice-free biopreservation, but issues of stability inherent to the stochastic nature of ice formation have thus far limited its translation out of the laboratory. In this work, we explore the influence of the bio-based carbohydrate polymer FucoPol on aqueous supercooling using an isochoric nucleation detection technique. We show that FucoPol, a high-molecular-weight, fucose-rich polysaccharide, which has previously been shown to reduce average ice crystal sizes after nucleation, also induces a concentration-dependent stabilization of metastable supercooled water, as evidenced by both a significant reduction in nucleation stochasticity (i.e., the spread in temperatures over which the system will nucleate upon cooling) and a corresponding increase in the predicted induction time of nucleation. FucoPol is found to confine the stochasticity of ice nucleation to a narrow, well-defined band of temperatures roughly one-third as wide as that of pure water under identical conditions. Importantly, this substantial reduction in stochasticity is accompanied by only a minimal (<1 °C) change in the average nucleation temperature, suggesting that this effect is distinct from colligative freezing point depression. Reducing and characterizing the stochasticity of aqueous supercooling is essential to the engineering design of practical biopreservation protocols, and the results reported herein suggest that high-viscosity polymer systems may provide a powerful and largely unexplored lever by which to manipulate metastable-equilibrium phase change kinetics at subzero temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Guerreiro
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2819-516, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2819-516, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.,CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Anthony N Consiglio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Matthew J Powell-Palm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2819-516, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2819-516, Portugal
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21
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Yan Z, Wang L, Reddy GVP, Gu S, Men X, Xiao Y, Su J, Ge F, Ouyang F. The Supercooling Responses of the Solitary Bee Osmia excavata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) under the Biological Stress of Its Brood Parasite, Sapyga coma (Hymenoptera: Sapygidae). Insects 2022; 13. [PMID: 35323533 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Many insects have evolved different strategies to adapt to subzero temperatures and parasites, but the supercooling response of pollinator populations under the brood parasitism pressure has not been sufficiently investigated. (2) Methods: This study assessed the supercooling traits (supercooling points, fresh weight and fat content) of the solitary bee Osmia excavata Alfken and its brood parasite, Sapyga coma Yasumatsu & Sugihara. We measured 4035 samples (3025 O. excavata and 1010 S. coma, one individual as one sample) and discovered the supercooling traits relations between solitary bee and brood parasite. (3) Results: Significant differences in the supercooling points were found between O. excavata (females: −24.18 (−26.02~−20.07) vs. males: −23.21 (−25.15~−18.65) °C) and S. coma (females: −22.19 (−25.46~−18.38) vs. males: −20.65 (−23.85~−16.15) °C, p < 0.0001) in the same sex, and also between sexes of same species. The two species’ supercooling traits (supercooling points, fresh weight, and fat content) were significantly positively correlated. The supercooling points of the solitary bee varies regularly under brood parasitism pressure. (4) Conclusions: Our study indicates the supercooling traits relationships between a solitary bee and its brood parasite and suggests that the supercooling points of the solitary bee increase under the biological stress of its brood parasite in a certain level.
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22
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Sun Y, Zhang F, Mendelev MI, Wentzcovitch RM, Ho KM. Two-step nucleation of the Earth's inner core. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113059119. [PMID: 34987099 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113059119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Earth's inner core started forming when molten iron cooled below the melting point. However, the nucleation mechanism, which is a necessary step of crystallization, has not been well understood. Recent studies have found that it requires an unrealistic degree of undercooling to nucleate the stable, hexagonal, close-packed (hcp) phase of iron that is unlikely to be reached under core conditions and age. This contradiction is referred to as the inner core nucleation paradox. Using a persistent embryo method and molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the metastable, body-centered, cubic (bcc) phase of iron has a much higher nucleation rate than does the hcp phase under inner core conditions. Thus, the bcc nucleation is likely to be the first step of inner core formation, instead of direct nucleation of the hcp phase. This mechanism reduces the required undercooling of iron nucleation, which provides a key factor in solving the inner core nucleation paradox. The two-step nucleation scenario of the inner core also opens an avenue for understanding the structure and anisotropy of the present inner core.
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23
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Zemmyo D, Yamamoto M, Miyata S. Efficient Decellularization by Application of Moderate High Hydrostatic Pressure with Supercooling Pretreatment. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:1486. [PMID: 34945339 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues are considered superior scaffolds for cell cultures, preserving the microstructure of native tissues and delivering many kinds of cytokines. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment could remove cells physically from biological tissues rather than chemical methods. However, there are some risks of inducing destruction or denaturation of extracellular matrices (ECMs) at an ultrahigh level of HHP. Therefore, efficient decellularization using moderate HHP is required to remove almost all cells simultaneously to suppress tissue damage. In this study, we proposed a novel decellularization method using a moderate HHP with supercooling pretreatment. To validate the decellularization method, a supercooling device was developed to incubate human dermal fibroblasts or collagen gels in a supercooled state. The cell suspension and collagen gels were subjected to 100, 150, and 200 MPa of HHP after supercooling pretreatment, respectively. After applying HHP, the viability and morphology of the cells and the collagen network structure of the gels were evaluated. The viability of cells decreased dramatically after HHP application with supercooling pretreatment, whereas the microstructures of collagen gels were preserved and cell adhesivity was retained after HHP application. In conclusion, it was revealed that supercooling pretreatment promoted the denaturation of the cell membrane to improve the efficacy of decellularization using static application of moderate HHP. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the HHP with supercooling pretreatment did not degenerate and damage the microstructure in collagen gels.
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Yamauchi A, Miura A, Kondo H, Arai T, Sasaki YC, Tsuda S. Subzero Nonfreezing Hypothermia with Insect Antifreeze Protein Dramatically Improves Survival Rate of Mammalian Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312680. [PMID: 34884483 PMCID: PMC8657916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells for therapeutic use are often preserved at +4 °C, and the storage period is generally limited to 2–3 days. Here, we report that the survival rate (%) of mammalian cells is improved to 10–20 days when they are preserved with a subzero supercooled solution containing the antifreeze protein (AFP), for which an ability to stabilize both supercooled water and cell membrane integrity has been postulated. We chose adherent rat insulinoma (RIN-5F) cells as the preservation target, which were immersed into −5 °C-, −2 °C-, or +4 °C-chilled “unfrozen” solution of Euro-Collins or University of Washington (UW) containing the AFP sample obtained from insect or fish. Our results show that the survival rate of the cells preserved with the solution containing insect AFP was always higher than that of the fish AFP solution. A combination of the −5 °C-supercooling and insect AFP gave the best preservation result, namely, UW solution containing insect AFP kept 53% of the cells alive, even after 20 days of preservation at −5 °C. The insect AFP locates highly organized ice-like waters on its molecular surface. Such waters may bind to semiclathrate waters constructing both embryonic ice crystals and a membrane–water interface in the supercooled solution, thereby protecting the cells from damage due to chilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (A.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Ai Miura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan;
| | - Hidemasa Kondo
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (A.Y.); (H.K.)
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Arai
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.C.S.)
| | - Yuji C. Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan; (T.A.); (Y.C.S.)
- OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
| | - Sakae Tsuda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (A.Y.); (H.K.)
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan;
- OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-857-8912
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You Y, Li M, Kang T, Ko Y, Kim S, Lee SH, Jun S. Application of Supercooling for the Enhanced Shelf Life of Asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.). Foods 2021; 10:foods10102361. [PMID: 34681410 PMCID: PMC8535308 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing extends the shelf-life of food by slowing down the physical and biochemical reactions; however, ice crystal formation can result in irreversible damage to the cell's structure and texture. Supercooling technology has the potential to preserve the original freshness of food without freezing damage. In this study, fresh asparagus was preserved in a supercooled state and its quality changes such as color, weight loss, texture, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, and enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were evaluated. The asparagus samples were successfully supercooled at -3 °C with the combination treatment of pulsed electric field (PEF) and oscillating magnetic field (OMF), and the supercooled state was maintained for up to 14 days. Asparagus spears preserved in the supercooled state exhibited lower weight loss and higher levels of quality factors in comparison to the frozen and refrigerated control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang You
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (T.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Muci Li
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (T.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Taiyoung Kang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (T.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youngbok Ko
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (T.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sangoh Kim
- Department of Plant and Food Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea;
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Soojin Jun
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (T.K.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Arias NS, Scholz FG, Goldstein G, Bucci SJ. Low-temperature acclimation and legacy effects of summer water deficits in olive freezing resistance. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:1836-1847. [PMID: 33823046 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures and drought are the main environmental factors affecting plant growth and productivity across most of the terrestrial biomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of water deficits before the onset of low temperatures in winter to enhance freezing resistance in olive trees. The study was carried out near the coast of Chubut, Argentina. Plants of five olive cultivars were grown outdoor in pots and exposed to different water deficit treatments. We assessed leaf water relations, ice nucleation temperature (INT), cell damage (LT50), plant growth and leaf nitrogen content during summer and winter in all cultivars and across water deficit treatments. Leaf INT and LT50 decreased significantly from summer to winter within each cultivar and between treatments. We observed a trade-off between resources allocation to freezing resistance and vegetative growth, such that an improvement in resistance to sub-zero temperatures was associated with lower growth in tree height. Water deficit applied during summer increased the amount of osmotically active solutes and decreased the leaf water potentials. This type of legacy effect persists during the winter after the water deficit even when treatment was removed by natural rainfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Arias
- Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
- Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, UNPSJB, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Fabián G Scholz
- Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
- Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, UNPSJB, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Goldstein
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IGEBA-CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional (LEF), UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables PO Box 249118, FL, USA
| | - Sandra J Bucci
- Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
- Grupo de Estudios Biofísicos y Eco-fisiológicos (GEBEF), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, UNPSJB, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
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27
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Dauvergne JL, Nikulin A, Doppiu S, Palomo Del Barrio E. Experimental Investigations on Electric-Field-Induced Crystallization in Erythritol. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5110. [PMID: 34501196 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experimental study was to develop a method to induce crystallization of sugar alcohols using an electric field for its future implementation in latent heat thermal energy storage systems. To better understand the mechanisms behind this approach, the first step of this work was dedicated to the replication, continuation, and consolidation of promising results on erythritol reported by another research group. In the second step, a second experimental configuration, previously used to electrically control the supercooling of other phase change materials, was tested with the same sugar alcohol. For both configurations, the influence of the type of current (DC and AC at different frequencies), its amplitude, and time of exposure were studied. However, none of these tests allowed influencing the crystallization of erythritol. Even if surprising at first glance, the difficulty in reproducing experiments and interpreting the results is not new in the field of electric-field-induced crystallization, as shown in particular by the abundant literature reviews concerning water. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, we consider that electric fields could be an attractive option to initiate and accelerate the crystallization of erythritol, but this solution must be considered with caution.
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Dou M, Lu C, Rao W. Bioinspired materials and technology for advanced cryopreservation. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:93-106. [PMID: 34238601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation can help to meet the demand for biosamples of high medical value. However, it remains difficult to effectively cryopreserve some sensitive cells, tissues, and reproductive organs. A coordinated effort from the perspective of the whole frozen biological system is necessary to advance cryopreservation technology. Animals that survive in cold temperatures, such as hibernators and cold-tolerant insects, offer excellent natural models. Their anti-cold strategies, such as programmed suppression of metabolism and the synthesis of cryoprotectants (CPAs), warrant systematic study. Furthermore, the discovery and synthesis of metabolism-regulating and cryoprotective biomaterials, combined with biotechnological breakthroughs, can also promote the development of cryopreservation. Further advances in the quality and duration of biosample storage inspired by nature will promote the application of cryopreserved biosamples in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Dou
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chennan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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29
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Deng X, Ren P, Mai W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu H, Xie Y, Chen H. From Lab Formulation Development to CTM Manufacturing of KO-947 Injectable Drug Products: a Case Study and Lessons Learned. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:168. [PMID: 34080070 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Formulation development of KO-947-K mesylate injectable drug products was described. Solution formulations were initially attempted, and key parameters such as drug concentration, buffer, pH, complexing agent, and tonicity modifying agent were carefully evaluated in the lab setting, mainly focusing on solubility and chemical stability. A lead solution formulation was advanced to a scaleup campaign. An unexpected stability issue was encountered, and the root cause was attributed to the heterogeneous liquid freezing process of the formulated solution at -20°C, which had not been captured in the lab setting. A lyophilized product was then designed to overcome the issue and supplied to the phase I clinical trial.
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Liang C, Zhang D, Zheng X, Wen X, Yan T, Zhang Z, Hou C. Effects of Different Storage Temperatures on the Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Structure of Fresh Lamb Meat. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:509-526. [PMID: 34017958 PMCID: PMC8112314 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to compare the physicochemical properties and bacterial
community structure of tray-packaged fresh lamb meat under different storage
temperatures, such as 4°C (chilling), −1.5°C
(supercooling), −4°C (superchilling) and −9°C
(sub-freezing). The total viable counts (TVC), total volatile base nitrogen
(TVB-N), bacterial diversity and metabolic pathways were investigated. The
results indicated that the shelf life of superchilling and sub-freezing storage
was over 70 d, which was significantly longer than that of chilling and
supercooling storage. TVC and TVB-N values showed an increasing trend and were
correlated well (R2>0.92). And the TVB-N values of lamb meat
were exceeded the tolerable limit (15 mg/100 g) only found under chilling and
supercooling storage during storage period. At the genus level,
Pseudomonas was the core spoilage bacteria then followed
Brochothrix for chilling and supercooling storage.
Pseudomonas, Ralstonia,
Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter were the
dominant spoilage bacteria for superchilling and sub-freezing storage.
Furthermore, the bacterial community diversity of lamb meat stored at chilling
and supercooling storage decreased with the storage time prolonged, which was
opposite to the outcome of meat stored under superchilling and sub-freezing
storage. For chilling and supercooling storage, the abundance of main
metabolisms (carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, etc.) of
bacteria increased with the storage time prolonged, which was opposite to
superchilling storage. This may be related to the bacteria community diversity
and the formation of dominant spoilage bacteria. In conclusion, this work
provides data for the preservation of fresh lamb meat which will benefit the
meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongjing Yan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Chengli Hou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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31
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William N, Acker JP. High Sub-Zero Organ Preservation: A Paradigm of Nature-Inspired Strategies. Cryobiology 2021; 102:15-26. [PMID: 33905707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of organ preservation is filled with advancements that have yet to see widespread clinical translation, with some of the more notable strategies deriving their inspiration from nature. While static cold storage (SCS) at 2 °C to 4 °C is the current state-of-the-art, it contributes to the current shortage of transplantable organs due to the limited preservation times it affords combined with the limited ability of marginal grafts (i.e. those at risk for post-transplant dysfunction or primary non-function) to tolerate SCS. The era of storage solution optimization to minimize SCS-induced hypothermic injury has plateaued in its improvements, resulting in a shift towards the use of machine perfusion systems to oxygenate organs at normothermic, sub-normothermic, or hypothermic temperatures, as well as the use of sub-zero storage temperatures to leverage the protection brought forth by a reduction in metabolic demand. Many of the rigors that organs are subjected to at low sub-zero temperatures (-80 °C to -196 °C) commonly used for mammalian cell preservation have yet to be surmounted. Therefore, this article focuses on an intermediate temperature range (0 °C to -20 °C), where much success has been seen in the past two decades. The mechanisms leveraged by organisms capable of withstanding prolonged periods at these temperatures through either avoiding or tolerating the formation of ice has provided a foundation for some of the more promising efforts. This article therefore aims to contextualize the translation of these strategies into the realm of mammalian organ preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishaka William
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Jason P Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada; Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 8249 114th Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R8, Canada.
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Nasr P, Leung H, Auzanneau FI, Rogers MA. Supramolecular Fractal Growth of Self-Assembled Fibrillar Networks. Gels 2021; 7:gels7020046. [PMID: 33919860 PMCID: PMC8167784 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex morphologies, as is the case in self-assembled fibrillar networks (SAFiNs) of 1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS), are often characterized by their Fractal dimension and not Euclidean. Self-similarity presents for DBS-polyethylene glycol (PEG) SAFiNs in the Cayley Tree branching pattern, similar box-counting fractal dimensions across length scales, and fractals derived from the Avrami model. Irrespective of the crystallization temperature, fractal values corresponded to limited diffusion aggregation and not ballistic particle–cluster aggregation. Additionally, the fractal dimension of the SAFiN was affected more by changes in solvent viscosity (e.g., PEG200 compared to PEG600) than crystallization temperature. Most surprising was the evidence of Cayley branching not only for the radial fibers within the spherulitic but also on the fiber surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Nasr
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (P.N.); (H.L.)
| | - Hannah Leung
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (P.N.); (H.L.)
| | | | - Michael A. Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (P.N.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +11-519-824-4120 (ext. 54327)
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Arai T, Yamauchi A, Miura A, Kondo H, Nishimiya Y, Sasaki YC, Tsuda S. Discovery of Hyperactive Antifreeze Protein from Phylogenetically Distant Beetles Questions Its Evolutionary Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3637. [PMID: 33807342 PMCID: PMC8038014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beetle hyperactive antifreeze protein (AFP) has a unique ability to maintain a supercooling state of its body fluids, however, less is known about its origination. Here, we found that a popular stag beetle Dorcus hopei binodulosus (Dhb) synthesizes at least 6 isoforms of hyperactive AFP (DhbAFP). Cold-acclimated Dhb larvae tolerated -5 °C chilled storage for 24 h and fully recovered after warming, suggesting that DhbAFP facilitates overwintering of this beetle. A DhbAFP isoform (~10 kDa) appeared to consist of 6-8 tandem repeats of a 12-residue consensus sequence (TCTxSxNCxxAx), which exhibited 3 °C of high freezing point depression and the ability of binding to an entire surface of a single ice crystal. Significantly, these properties as well as DNA sequences including the untranslated region, signal peptide region, and an AFP-encoding region of Dhb are highly similar to those identified for a known hyperactive AFP (TmAFP) from the beetle Tenebrio molitor (Tm). Progenitor of Dhb and Tm was branched off approximately 300 million years ago, so no known evolution mechanism hardly explains the retainment of the DNA sequence for such a lo-ng divergence period. Existence of unrevealed gene transfer mechanism will be hypothesized between these two phylogenetically distant beetles to acquire this type of hyperactive AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Arai
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan;
| | - Akari Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
| | - Ai Miura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hidemasa Kondo
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Nishimiya
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuji C. Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan;
- OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
| | - Sakae Tsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
- OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
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Giudici P, Baiano A, Chiari P, De Vero L, Ghanbarzadeh B, Falcone PM. A Mathematical Modeling of Freezing Process in the Batch Production of Ice Cream. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020334. [PMID: 33557201 PMCID: PMC7913915 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the mathematical modeling of crystallization kinetics occurring during batch production of the ice cream. The temperature decrease was recorded in-situ through a computerized wireless system. A robust pattern-recognition algorithm of the experimental cooling curves was developed to determine the initial freezing point. The theoretical freezing point was used to calibrate the whole time-temperature profile. Finally, a modified Gompertz's function was used to describe the main steps of crystallization kinetics. Derivative analysis of the Gompertz's function allowed to determine the time-temperature physical markers of dynamic nucleation, ice crystal growth and air whipping. Composition and freezing properties were used as input variables in multivariate analysis to classification purposes of the ice cream mixtures as a function of their ability to produce high-quality ice cream. The numerical analysis of the whole cooling curve was used to build predictive models of the ice cream quality indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giudici
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (P.G.); (P.C.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Antonietta Baiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ingegneria, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Paola Chiari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (P.G.); (P.C.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Luciana De Vero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (P.G.); (P.C.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Babak Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Pasquale Massimiliano Falcone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche University Polytechnical, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-4138
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Tarusikirwa VL, Mutamiswa R, Chidawanyika F, Nyamukondiwa C. Cold hardiness of the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): both larvae and adults are chill-susceptible. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:184-193. [PMID: 32652749 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many insects, including invasive species, overwintering survival is achieved behaviourally (e.g. through migration) or physiologically by entering diapause, a state of arrested physiological development that may be accompanied with depressed supercooling points (SCPs). Diapause allows in situ adaptation to adverse environmental conditions, providing sufficient parent propagules for insect pest proliferation when optimal conditions resurface. This phenomenon has however not been observed in the invasive South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta in its Mediterranean invaded areas. Moreover, no studies have looked at its overwintering survival in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we thus investigated the cold hardiness of Tuta absoluta larvae and adults to better explain its local overwintering adaptation strategy. RESULTS Larval lower lethal temperatures ranged from -1 to -17 °C for 0.5 to 4 h durations. Adults showed lower temperature activity limits than larvae albeit freeze strategy experiments showed neither survived internal freezing. Fasting and dehydration pre-treatment generally depressed SCPs, although asymmetrically, conferring more negative SCPs for larvae. Ramping rates, synonymic to diurnal temperature changes also significantly affected SCPs while, inoculative freezing significantly compromised freezing temperatures in both larvae and adults. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that (i) Tuta absoluta larvae and adults are chill-susceptible and may successfully overwinter, (ii) larvae appear more cold hardy than adults and (iii) ecological factors e.g. inoculative freezing, cooling rates, feeding- and hydration-status may affect cold hardiness. These results are important in determining species range limits, population phenology, modelling pest risk status and allows temporal life-stage specific targeting of management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimbai L Tarusikirwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Reyard Mutamiswa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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Tao W, Kong X, Bao A, Fan C, Zhang Y. Preparation and Phase Change Performance of Graphene Oxide and Silica Composite Na 2SO 4·10H 2O Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as Thermal Energy Storage Materials. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13225186. [PMID: 33212870 PMCID: PMC7698442 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel nucleating agent composed of graphene oxide (GO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) (GO-SiO2) is developed. GO is used as a skeleton material through which SiO2 nanomaterials are absorbed and subsequently incorporated into Na2SO4·10H2O phase change materials (PCMs). Furthermore, this study examines the phase change performance of the composite Na2SO4·10H2O materials. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the physical combination of GO with a SiO2 nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the GO-SiO2 composite exhibited a layered structure and excellent dispersibility. The GO-SiO2 composite Na2SO4·10H2O PCMs displayed a low level of supercooling, i.e., about 1.2 °C with the addition of GO-SiO2 at 2.45 wt%. This was because the synergistic relation of the GO and the high dispersion SiO2, imparted more nucleation sites for Na2SO4·10H2O. Additionally, the prepared PCMs achieved high phase change latent heat and thermal conductivity, even under these conditions. The results show that the GO-SiO2 in the Na2SO4·10H2O exhibited advantageous application prospects for the improvement of the thermal performance of hydrate salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui 243002, China; (W.T.); (X.K.); (A.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Xiangfa Kong
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui 243002, China; (W.T.); (X.K.); (A.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Anyang Bao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui 243002, China; (W.T.); (X.K.); (A.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Chuangang Fan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui 243002, China; (W.T.); (X.K.); (A.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui 243002, China; (W.T.); (X.K.); (A.B.); (C.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials (Anhui University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Anhui 243002, China
- Correspondence:
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Huang Z, Kaur S, Ahmed M, Prasher R. Water Freezes at Near-Zero Temperatures Using Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrodes under Static Electric Fields. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:45525-45532. [PMID: 32914956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although static electric fields have been effective in controlling ice nucleation, the highest freezing temperature (Tf) of water that can be achieved in an electric field (E) is still uncertain. We performed a systematic study of the effect of an electric field on water freezing by varying the thickness of a dielectric layer and the voltage across it in an electrowetting system. Results show that Tf first increases sharply with E and then reaches saturation at -3.5 °C after a critical value E of 6 × 106 V/m. Using classical heterogeneous nucleation theory, it is revealed that this behavior is due to saturation in the contact angle of the ice embryo with the underlying substrate. Finally, we show that it is possible to overcome this freezing saturation by controlling the uniformity of the electric field using carbon nanotubes. We achieve a Tf of -0.6 °C using carbon nanotube-based electrodes with an E of 3 × 107 V/m. This work sheds new light on the control of ice nucleation and has the potential to impact many applications ranging from food freezing to ice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sumanjeet Kaur
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ravi Prasher
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineeing, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Kang T, Shafel T, Lee D, Lee CJ, Lee SH, Jun S. Quality Retention of Fresh Tuna Stored Using Supercooling Technology. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101356. [PMID: 32987948 PMCID: PMC7601904 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was focused on the investigation of physiochemical changes in tuna subjected to a novel supercooling preservation, which was assisted using a combination of pulsed electric fields (PEF) and oscillating magnetic fields (OMF). Fresh tuna fillets were stored without freezing at −3.2 °C for 8 days. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) parameter Py indicated that there was a significant difference between the frozen-thawed samples (36.3%) and fresh (46.6%) and supercooled (45.9%) samples, indicating that cell damage from ice crystal growth did not occur in the supercooled tuna sample. The microstructure observation and drip loss measurement further confirmed that the ice crystal damage was present in frozen tuna, whereas no cellular damage was found in the supercooled samples. The EIS proved its ability to distinguish between tuna samples that were frozen or chilled (i.e., refrigerated and supercooled) during storage; however, it was less sensitive in detecting the extent of spoilage. Instead, the K-value was used to evaluate tuna freshness, and the measured K-values of the refrigerated, supercooled, and frozen tuna samples after 8 days of storage were 74.3%, 26.4%, and 19.9%, respectively, suggesting that the supercooling treatment significantly preserved the tuna fillets fresh with the improved shelf-life when compared to conventional refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyoung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (T.K.); (D.L.)
| | - Timothy Shafel
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Dongyoung Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (T.K.); (D.L.)
| | - Chang Joo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (S.J.); Tel.: +82-42-821-6718 (S.H.L.); +1-808-956-8283 (S.J.); Fax: +82-42-823-6246 (S.H.L.); +1-808-956-4024 (S.J.)
| | - Soojin Jun
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (S.J.); Tel.: +82-42-821-6718 (S.H.L.); +1-808-956-8283 (S.J.); Fax: +82-42-823-6246 (S.H.L.); +1-808-956-4024 (S.J.)
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de Vries RJ, Yarmush M, Uygun K. Systems engineering the organ preservation process for transplantation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 58:192-201. [PMID: 31280087 PMCID: PMC7261508 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Improving organ preservation and extending the preservation time would have game-changing effects on the current practice of organ transplantation. Machine perfusion has emerged as an improved preservation technology to expand the donor pool, assess graft viability and ensure adequate graft function. However, its efficacy in extending the preservation time is limited. Subzero organ preservation does hold the promise to significantly extend the preservation time and recent advances in cryobiology bring it closer to clinical translation. In this review, we aim to broaden the perspective in the field from a focus on these individual technologies to that of a systems engineering. This would enable the creation of a preservation process that integrates the benefits of machine perfusion with those of subzero preservation, with the ultimate goal to provide on demand availability of donor organs through organ banking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinier J de Vries
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
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40
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Neuner G, Monitzer K, Kaplenig D, Ingruber J. Frost Survival Mechanism of Vegetative Buds in Temperate Trees: Deep Supercooling and Extraorgan Freezing vs. Ice Tolerance. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:537. [PMID: 31143193 PMCID: PMC6521125 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In temperate climates, overwintering buds of trees are often less cold hardy than adjoining stem tissues or evergreen leaves. However, data are scarce regarding the freezing resistance (FR) of buds and the underlying functional frost survival mechanism that in case of supercooling can restrict the geographic distribution. Twigs of 37 temperate woody species were sampled in midwinter 2016 in the Austrian Inn valley. After assessment of FR, infrared-video-thermography and cryo-microscopy were used to study the freezing pattern in and around overwintering vegetative buds. Only in four species, after controlled ice nucleation in the stem (-1.6 ± 0.9°C) ice was observed to immediately invade the bud. These buds tolerated extracellular ice and were the most freezing resistant (-61.8°C mean LT50). In all other species (33), the buds remained supercooled and free of ice, despite a frozen stem. A structural ice barrier prevents ice penetration. Extraorgan ice masses grew in the stem and scales but in 50% of the species between premature supercooled leaves. Two types of supercooled buds were observed: in temporary supercooling buds (14 species) ice spontaneously nucleated at -20.5 ± 4,6°C. This freezing process appeared to be intracellular as it matched the bud killing temperature (-22.8°C mean LT50). This response rendered temporarily supercooled buds as least cold hardy. In 19 species, the buds remained persistently supercooled down to below the killing temperature without indication for the cause of damage. Although having a moderate midwinter FR of -31.6°C (LT50), some species within this group attained a FR similar to ice tolerant buds. The present study represents the first comprehensive overview of frost survival mechanisms of vegetative buds of temperate trees. Except for four species that were ice tolerant, the majority of buds survive in a supercooled state, remaining free of ice. In 50% of species, extraorgan ice masses harmlessly grew between premature supercooled leaves. Despite exposure to the same environmental demand, midwinter FR of buds varied intra-specifically between -17.0 and -90.0°C. Particularly, species, whose buds are killed after temporary supercooling, have a lower maximum FR, which limits their geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Neuner
- Unit Functional Plant Biology, Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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41
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Ruiz-Ortega PE, Olivares-Robles MA. Peltier Supercooling in Transient Thermoelectrics: Spatial Temperature Profile and Characteristic Cooling Length. Entropy (Basel) 2019; 21:e21030226. [PMID: 33266941 PMCID: PMC7514707 DOI: 10.3390/e21030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) can reach temperatures below that obtained with a steady-state current by applying an electrical current pulse which enables a transitory state in a Peltier device. This effect is known as supercooling. In this paper, we study characteristics parameters, such as the minimum cooling temperature and spatial temperature profile, in a TEC operated under current pulses and a cooling load ( Q c ) . Numerical analysis for a one-dimensional thermoelectric model of the cooling system is developed, and a novel MATLAB programming code is proposed for the transient state based on finite element analysis. We also investigate the influence of the thermoelement's length upon the cooling mechanism. A new parameter called the "characteristic cooling length" is proposed to describe the length in which the minimum cooling temperature occurs along the elements of a TEM. Results show the transient temperature profiles along the elements of the semiconductor P-type element, and a "characteristic cooling length" is characterized. We also propose a general principle, and the lowest cooling temperature values are obtained for a semiconductor's small length and variable pulse cooling load under current pulse operation. The present study will serve as guidance for the geometric design of TECs under current pulse operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Eduardo Ruiz-Ortega
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Depto. Ingenieria Bioquimica, ENCB, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555-729-6000 (ext. 73262); Fax: +52-555-656-2058
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Kovaleski AP, Reisch BI, Londo JP. Deacclimation kinetics as a quantitative phenotype for delineating the dormancy transition and thermal efficiency for budbreak in Vitis species. AoB Plants 2018; 10:ply066. [PMID: 31572566 PMCID: PMC6207836 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy and cold hardiness are critical adaptations for surviving winter cold stress for temperate perennial plant species. In grapevine, acquisition of cold hardiness requires dormancy induction in the early winter and careful maintenance of dormancy state throughout winter. With sufficient exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures (chilling requirement), grapevine buds transition between early (endodormant) and late winter (ecodormant) states. The objective of this study was to uncover the relationship between fulfilment of the chilling requirement and the effects of various temperatures on loss of cold hardiness (deacclimation). The relationship between chilling requirement and temperature as it affects the rate of deacclimation (k deacc) was examined for dormant cuttings of Vitis vinifera, V. aestivalis, V. amurensis and V. riparia. The effect of temperature on k deacc was exponential at low and logarithmic at high temperatures. Deacclimation rates also increased in magnitude as chilling accumulated demonstrating a change in deacclimation potential (Ψdeacc), following a logarithmic response. The combination of Ψdeacc and k deacc indicates genotype-specific thermal efficiency for deacclimation and growth in Vitis that may be overlooked by simple growing degree-day computations. The Ψdeacc and k deacc parameters are genotype-specific and will greatly increase the refinement of models predicting effects of climate change on phenology. Deacclimation rates represent a quantitative determinant of dormancy transition and budbreak in grapevine and will assist researchers in selecting germplasm for differences in chilling requirement and thermal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson P Kovaleski
- School of Integrative Plant Science – Horticulture Section, Cornell University-New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA
- Corresponding authors’ e-mail addresses: ;
| | - Bruce I Reisch
- School of Integrative Plant Science – Horticulture Section, Cornell University-New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Jason P Londo
- School of Integrative Plant Science – Horticulture Section, Cornell University-New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY, USA
- Corresponding authors’ e-mail addresses: ;
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Jin Z, Tian Y, Xu X, Cui H, Tang W, Yun Y, Sun G. Experimental Investigation on Graphene Oxide/SrCl₂·6H₂O Modified CaCl₂·6H₂O and the Resulting Thermal Performances. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11091507. [PMID: 30135408 PMCID: PMC6164498 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the inorganic salt hydrate phase change materials (PCMs) such as CaCl₂·6H₂O have promising potential for thermal energy storage in building application, the issue of supercooling has restricted their practical application. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and SrCl₂·6H₂O as binary nucleation agents were used to modify CaCl₂·6H₂O and reduce its supercooling degree. Compared with pure CaCl₂·6H₂O, the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO)/SrCl₂·6H₂O reduced the supercooling degree to 0.3 °C significantly. In addition, the supercooling degree of modified CaCl₂·6H₂O after 200 thermal cycles was still much lower than that of non-modified CaCl₂·6H₂O. From the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the latent heat value and phase change temperature of the modified CaCl₂·6H₂O were 207.88 J/g and 27.6 °C, respectively. Aluminum capsules were used to encapsulate the modified PCM and placed inside the composite wallboard. The thermal performances of the composite wallboard with modified PCM were investigated using infrared thermography. Experimental results showed that the average temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces of modified CaCl₂·6H₂O/wallboard composite after 1 h heating was kept around 15.8 °C, while it was 4.9 °C for the control wallboard. The above test results proved that the modified CaCl₂·6H₂O demonstrated good thermal performance and can be used in buildings to maintain thermal comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Waiching Tang
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Yanchun Yun
- Baoye Group Company Limited, Shanghai 312030, China.
| | - Guoxing Sun
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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Ehrler J, He M, Shugaev MV, Polushkin NI, Wintz S, Liersch V, Cornelius S, Hübner R, Potzger K, Lindner J, Fassbender J, Ünal AA, Valencia S, Kronast F, Zhigilei LV, Bali R. Laser-Rewriteable Ferromagnetism at Thin-Film Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:15232-15239. [PMID: 29665332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of magnetism using laser light is considered as a key to the advancement of data storage technologies. Until now, most approaches seek to optically switch the direction of magnetization rather than to reversibly manipulate the ferromagnetism itself. Here, we use ∼100 fs laser pulses to reversibly switch ferromagnetic ordering on and off by exploiting a chemical order-disorder phase transition in Fe60Al40, from the B2 to the A2 structure and vice versa. A single laser pulse above a threshold fluence causes nonferromagnetic B2 Fe60Al40 to disorder and form the ferromagnetic A2 structure. Subsequent laser pulsing below the threshold reverses the surface to B2 Fe60Al40, erasing the laser-induced ferromagnetism. Simulations reveal that the order-disorder transition is regulated by the extent of surface supercooling; above the threshold for complete melting throughout the film thickness, the liquid phase can be deeply undercooled before solidification. As a result, the vacancy diffusion in the resolidified region is limited and the region is trapped in the metastable chemically disordered state. Laser pulsing below the threshold forms a limited supercooled surface region that solidifies at sufficiently high temperatures, enabling diffusion-assisted reordering. This demonstrates that ultrafast lasers can achieve subtle atomic rearrangements in bimetallic alloys in a reversible and nonvolatile fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ehrler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden , Helmholtzstrasse 10 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Miao He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Virginia , 395 McCormick Road , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4745 , United States
| | - Maxim V Shugaev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Virginia , 395 McCormick Road , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4745 , United States
| | - Nikolay I Polushkin
- Instituto Superior Techico (IST/UTL), ICEMS , Av. Rovisco Pais 1 , 1049-100 Lisboa , Portugal
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS , GSP 105 , 603950 Nizhny Novgorod , Russia
| | - Sebastian Wintz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI , Switzerland
| | - Vico Liersch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Steffen Cornelius
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Kay Potzger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jürgen Lindner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden , Helmholtzstrasse 10 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ahmet A Ünal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Sergio Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Florian Kronast
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Leonid V Zhigilei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Virginia , 395 McCormick Road , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4745 , United States
- Department of Modern Functional Materials , ITMO University , 49 Kronverksky pr. , St. Petersburg 197101 , Russia
| | - Rantej Bali
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , D-01328 Dresden , Germany
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Lee J, Claro da Silva R, Gibon V, Martini S. Sonocrystallization of Interesterified Soybean Oil: Effect of Saturation Level and Supercooling. J Food Sci 2018; 83:902-910. [PMID: 29476626 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supercooling and degree of saturation on lipid sonocrystallization under similar driving force of crystallization. Samples consisting of 100%, 50%, and 20% interesterified soybean oil (IESBO) diluted in high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO) were crystallized with and without high-intensity ultrasound (HIU). Two power levels were used by changing the amplitude of vibration of the tip (24 μm and 108 μm of tip amplitude). HIU operating at a frequency of 20 kHz was applied for 10 s. Sonication induced crystallization in the 100% IESBO sample and sonication power did not affect the results. A greater induction in crystallization was observed when higher power levels were used in the 50% IESBO sample, while no effect was observed in the crystallization kinetics of the 20% IESBO samples. Changes in the crystallization kinetics affected physical properties of the material, influencing elasticity. For example, sonication increased the elasticity of the 100% IESBO sample for both tip amplitudes from 435.9 ± 173.3 Pa to 72735.0 ± 9547.9 Pa for the nonsonicated and sonicated samples using 108 μm of amplitude, respectively. However, sonication only increased the elasticity in the 50% sample when used at the higher power level of 108 μm from 564.2 ± 175.2 Pa to 21774.0 ± 5694.9 Pa, and it did not affect the elasticity of the 20% IESBO samples. These results show that the level of saturation and the degree of supercooling affect sonication efficiency. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS High-intensity ultrasound (HIU) has been used as a novel method for changing the crystallization behavior of fats. HIU can be used to improve the physical properties of trans-free fats that are low in saturated fatty acids. Although recent studies have proven the effectiveness of this method to induce crystallization, the process must still be optimized to the industrial setting. All process parameters should be considered during the application of HIU, as they directly affect the final product. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of HIU and process conditions such as tip amplitude, degree of supercooling, and saturation level on the crystallization behavior of commercial interesterified soybean oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lee
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State Univ., 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-8700, U.S.A
| | | | - Veronique Gibon
- Desmet Ballestra R&D Center, Desmet Ballestra Group, Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Silvana Martini
- Dept. of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State Univ., 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-8700, U.S.A
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Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a novel non-thermal technology that has recently attracted the attention of meat scientists and technologists due to its ability to modify membrane structure and enhance mass transfer. Several studies have confirmed the potential of pulsed electric field for improving meat tenderness in both pre-rigor and post-rigor muscles during aging. However, there is a high degree of variability between studies and the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. While some studies have suggested physical disruption as the main cause of PEF induced tenderness, enzymatic nature of the tenderization seems to be the most plausible mechanism. Several studies have suggested the potential of PEF to mediate the tenderization process due to its membrane altering properties causing early release of calcium ions and early activation of the calpain proteases. However, experimental research is yet to confirm this postulation. Recent studies have also reported increased post-mortem proteolysis in PEF treated muscles during aging. PEF has also been reported to accelerate curing, enhance drying and reduce the numbers of both pathogens and spoilage organisms in meat, although that demands intense processing conditions. While tenderization, meat safety and accelerated curing appears to be the areas where PEF could provide attractive options in meat processing, further research is required before the application of PEF becomes a commercial reality in the meat industry. It needs to deal with carcasses which vary biochemically and in composition (muscle, fat, and bones). This review critically evaluates the published reports on the topic with the aim of reaching a clear understanding of the possible applications of PEF in the meat sector in addition to providing some insight on critical issues that need to be addressed for the technology to be a practical option for the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhaib F Bhat
- a Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences , Lincoln , New Zealand
| | - James D Morton
- a Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences , Lincoln , New Zealand
| | - Susan L Mason
- a Lincoln University Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences , Lincoln , New Zealand
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Lombardo JA, Elkinton JS. Environmental adaptation in an asexual invasive insect. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5123-5130. [PMID: 28770052 PMCID: PMC5528223 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenogenetic reproduction is generally associated with low genetic variance and therefore reduced ability for environmental adaptation, and this could limit the potential invasiveness of introduced species that reproduce asexually. However, the hemlock woolly adelgid is an asexual invasive insect that has spread across a large geographic temperature gradient in its introduced range. Consequently, this insect has shown significant variation in cold hardiness among populations. We hypothesized that the increased cold hardiness of northern populations represents an adaptation to the colder temperatures. To test this, we collected individual adelgid from populations spanning their invaded range and inoculated them into a common thermal environment. We then experimentally sampled the supercooling point of the progeny of these adelgids and compared these results with tests of the supercooling point of adelgid sampled directly from their source populations. The results showed that the same significant differences in supercooling that was found among geographically distinct populations existed even when the adelgid was reared in a common environment, indicating a genetic basis for the variation in cold hardiness. These findings support the hypothesis that the adelgid has adapted to the colder environment as it has expanded its distribution in its invaded range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Lombardo
- Department of Environmental ConservationUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
| | - Joseph S. Elkinton
- Department of Environmental ConservationUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
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Xu X, Dong Z, Memon SA, Bao X, Cui H. Preparation and Supercooling Modification of Salt Hydrate Phase Change Materials Based on CaCl₂·2H₂O/CaCl₂. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E691. [PMID: 28773051 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salt hydrates have issues of supercooling when they are utilized as phase change materials (PCMs). In this research, a new method was adopted to prepare a salt hydrate PCM (based on a mixture of calcium chloride dihydrate and calcium chloride anhydrous) as a novel PCM system to reduce the supercooling phenomenon existing in CaCl₂·6H₂O. Six samples with different compositions of CaCl₂ were prepared. The relationship between the performance and the proportion of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O) and calcium chloride anhydrous (CaCl₂) was also investigated. The supercooling degree of the final PCM reduced with the increase in volume of CaCl₂·2H₂O during its preparation. The PCM obtained with 66.21 wt % CaCl₂·2H₂O reduced the supercooling degree by about 96.8%. All six samples, whose ratio of CaCl₂·2H₂O to (CaCl₂ plus CaCl₂·2H₂O) was 0%, 34.03%, 53.82%, 76.56%, 90.74%, and 100% respectively, showed relatively higher enthalpy (greater than 155.29 J/g), and have the possibility to be applied in buildings for thermal energy storage purposes. Hence, CaCl₂·2H₂O plays an important role in reducing supercooling and it can be helpful in adjusting the solidification enthalpy. Thereafter, the influence of adding different percentages of Nano-SiO₂ (0.1 wt %, 0.3 wt %, 0.5 wt %) in reducing the supercooling degree of some PCM samples was investigated. The test results showed that the supercooling of the salt hydrate PCM in Samples 6 and 5 reduced to 0.2 °C and 0.4 °C respectively. Finally, the effect of the different cooling conditions, including frozen storage (-20 °C) and cold storage (5 °C), that were used to prepare the salt hydrate PCM was considered. It was found that both cooling conditions are effective in reducing the supercooling degree of the salt hydrate PCM. With the synergistic action of the two materials, the performance and properties of the newly developed PCM systems were better especially in terms of reducing the supercooling degree of the PCM. The novel composite PCMs are promising candidates for thermal energy storage applications.
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Kim Y, Hong GP. Effects of Artificial Supercooling Followed by Slow Freezing on the Microstructure and Qualities of Pork Loin. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:650-655. [PMID: 27857541 PMCID: PMC5112428 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.5.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of artificial supercooling followed by still air freezing (SSF) on the qualities of pork loin. The qualities of pork frozen by SSF were compared with the fresh control (CT, stored at 4℃ for 24 h), slow freezing (SAF, still air freezing) and rapid freezing (EIF, ethanol immersion freezing) treatments. Compared with no supercooling phenomena of SAF and EIF, the extent of supercooling obtained by SSF treatment was 1.4℃. Despite that SSF was conducted with the same method with SAF, application of artificial supercooling accelerated the phase transition (traverse from -0.6℃ to -5℃) from 3.07 h (SAF) to 2.23 h (SSF). The observation of a microstructure indicated that the SSF prevented tissue damage caused by ice crystallization and maintained the structural integrity. The estimated quality parameters reflected that SSF exhibited superior meat quality compared with slow freezing (SAF). SSF showed better water-holding capacity (lower thawing loss, cooking loss and expressible moisture) and tenderness than SAF, and these quality parameters of SSF were not significantly different with ultra-fast freezing treatment (EIF). Consequently, the results demonstrated that the generation of supercooling followed by conventional freezing potentially had the advantage of minimizing the quality deterioration caused by the slow freezing of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Kim
- Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Geun-Pyo Hong
- Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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Zheng X, Yan B, Wu F, Zhang J, Qu S, Zhou S, Weng J. Supercooling Self-Assembly of Magnetic Shelled Core/Shell Supraparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:23969-23977. [PMID: 27537195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly has emerged as a powerful technique for controlling the structure and properties of core/shell structured supraparticles. However, drug-loading capacities and therapeutic effects of self-assembled magnetic core/shell nanocarriers with magnetic nanoparticles in the core are limited by the intervention of the outer organic or inorganic shell, the aggregation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, the narrowed inner cavity, etc. Here, we present a self-assembly approach based on rebalancing hydrogen bonds between components under a supercooling process to form a new core/shell nanoscale supraparticle with magnetic nanoparticles as the shell and a polysaccharide as a core. Compared with conventional iron oxide nanoparticles, this magnetic shelled core/shell nanoparticle possesses an optimized inner cavity and a loss-free outer magnetic property. Furthermore, we find that the drug-loaded magnetic shelled nanocarriers showed interesting in vitro release behaviors at different pH conditions, including "swelling-broken", "dissociating-broken", and "bursting-broken" modes. Our experiments demonstrate the novel design of the multifunctional hybrid nanostructure and provide a considerable potential for the biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Bingyun Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Fengluan Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jie Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
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