1
|
Gallon ME, Muchoney ND, Smilanich AM. Viral Infection Induces Changes to the Metabolome, Immune Response and Development of a Generalist Insect Herbivore. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:152-167. [PMID: 38353894 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Host plant consumption and pathogen infection commonly influence insect traits related to development and immunity, which are ultimately reflected in the behavior and physiology of the insect. Herein, we explored changes in the metabolome of a generalist insect herbivore, Vanessa cardui (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in response to both dietary variation and pathogen infection in order to gain insight into tritrophic interactions for insect metabolism and immunity. Caterpillars were reared on two different host plants, Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae) and Taraxacum officinale (Asteraceae) and subjected to a viral infection by Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV), along with assays to determine the insect immune response and development. Richness and diversity of plant and caterpillar metabolites were evaluated using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach and showed that viral infection induced changes to the chemical content of V. cardui hemolymph and frass dependent upon host plant consumption. Overall, the immune response as measured by phenoloxidase (PO) enzymatic activity was higher in individuals feeding on P. lanceolata compared with those feeding on T. officinale. Additionally, infection with JcDV caused suppression of PO activity, which was not host plant dependent. We conclude that viral infection combined with host plant consumption creates a unique chemical environment, particularly within the insect hemolymph. Whether and how these metabolites contribute to defense against viral infection is an open question in chemical ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Elias Gallon
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café s/n°, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vargila F, Bai SMM, Mary JVJ, Ramesh M. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of hemolymph lectin (NagLec) isolated from the freshwater crab, Oziotelphusanaga. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 141:109001. [PMID: 37597641 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immune glycoproteins or proteins having a unique capacity to interact with carbohydrate ligands found on the surface of their host cells. In the present investigation, the lectin was purified from the hemolymph of freshwater crab, Oziotelphusa naga and its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity was analysed. The preliminary characterization of the hemagglutinin was carried out to identify the erythrocyte and sugar specificity, optimum pH and temperature and cation dependency. The agglutinin was found to be highly specific to rabbit erythrocyte and inhibited by fetuin and α-lactose. Maximum hemagglutination activity was noted at pH 7.5-8 and temperature 20-40 °C. An O-acetyl sialic acid specific 75 kDa hemolymph lectin, designated as NagLec was isolated from the freshwater crab, Oziotelphusa naga by affinity chromatography on fetuin coupled Sepharose 4 B, with a purification fold of 185. The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and fungus Candida albicans had the greatest zone of inhibition when treated with NagLec. The results of the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays showed that the purified lectin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at 0.031 and 0.065 μg/ml, which proved the bactericidal property of NagLec. NagLec generated alterations on the bacterial cells and led to protein leakage, which was dosage (24 and 48 μg/ml) and time dependent (10-40 min). COX and LOX enzyme was inhibited to 49.43% and 61.81% with 100 μg/ml concentration of NagLec respectively, demonstrating NagLec's ability to reduce inflammation. Furthermore, NagLec (500 μg) suppressed protein denaturation up to 77.12% whereas diclofenac sodium (a standard drug) was inhibited by 89.36%. The results indicate that NagLec, a sialic acid specific lectin isolated from the freshwater crab O. naga could be formulated as a nano drug in future owing to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential that could be targeted to specific pathogenic microbes and treat arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vargila
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Mary Mettilda Bai
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Vinoliya Josephine Mary
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bodláková K, Černý J, Štěrbová H, Guráň R, Zítka O, Kodrík D. Insect Body Defence Reactions against Bee Venom: Do Adipokinetic Hormones Play a Role? Toxins (Basel) 2021; 14:toxins14010011. [PMID: 35050987 PMCID: PMC8780464 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees originally developed their stinging apparatus and venom against members of their own species from other hives or against predatory insects. Nevertheless, the biological and biochemical response of arthropods to bee venom is not well studied. Thus, in this study, the physiological responses of a model insect species (American cockroach, Periplaneta americana) to honeybee venom were investigated. Bee venom toxins elicited severe stress (LD50 = 1.063 uL venom) resulting in a significant increase in adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) in the cockroach central nervous system and haemolymph. Venom treatment induced a large destruction of muscle cell ultrastructure, especially myofibrils and sarcomeres. Interestingly, co-application of venom with cockroach Peram-CAH-II AKH eliminated this effect. Envenomation modulated the levels of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in the haemolymph and the activity of digestive amylases, lipases, and proteases in the midgut. Bee venom significantly reduced vitellogenin levels in females. Dopamine and glutathione (GSH and GSSG) insignificantly increased after venom treatment. However, dopamine levels significantly increased after Peram-CAH-II application and after co-application with bee venom, while GSH and GSSG levels immediately increased after co-application. The results suggest a general reaction of the cockroach body to bee venom and at least a partial involvement of AKHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bodláková
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.Č.); (H.Š.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Černý
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.Č.); (H.Š.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Štěrbová
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.Č.); (H.Š.)
| | - Roman Guráň
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.G.); (O.Z.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Zítka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (R.G.); (O.Z.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (J.Č.); (H.Š.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Zhu H, Wen D. Bioresistive Random-Access Memory with Gold Nanoparticles that Generate the Coulomb Blocking Effect Can Realize Multilevel Data Storage and Synapse Simulation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8956-8962. [PMID: 34505773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have good biocompatibility and special quantum effects. In this Letter, we embedded Au NPs into silkworm hemolymph (SH) to improve the performance of the device and fabricated Al/SH:Au NPs/indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass resistive random access memory. The device exhibits a bipolar switching behavior with a retention time of 104 s. Compared with the Al/SH/ITO device without Au NPs, the device has a higher ON/OFF current ratio (>105) and a smaller Vreset. The improvement in device performance is attributed to the fact that Au NPs act as the electron-trapping center in the device; a Coulomb blockade occurs after electrons are trapped, thereby increasing the resistance of the device in the high-resistance state. Using optimized devices can realize multilevel data storage and can also simulate synaptic characteristics such as potentiation and depression. The device is expected to be applied to high-density, low-cost, degradable, and biocompatible storage devices and neuromorphic computing in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hongyu Zhu
- School of Electronic Engineering, HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dianzhong Wen
- School of Electronic Engineering, HLJ Province Key Laboratory of Senior-Education for Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Šolínová V, Sázelová P, Mášová A, Jiráček J, Kašička V. Application of Capillary and Free-Flow Zone Electrophoresis for Analysis and Purification of Antimicrobial β-Alanyl-Tyrosine from Hemolymph of Fleshfly Neobellieria bullata. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185636. [PMID: 34577107 PMCID: PMC8469924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of a growing resistance of bacteria and other microorganisms to conventional antibiotics gave rise to a search for new potent antimicrobial agents. Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be promising novel potential anti-infective therapeutics. The dipeptide β-alanyl-tyrosine (β-Ala-Tyr) is one of the endogenous insect toxins exhibiting antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Prior to testing its other antimicrobial activities, it has to be prepared in a pure form. In this study, we have developed a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for analysis of β-Ala-Tyr isolated from the extract of the hemolymph of larvae of the fleshfly Neobellieria bullata by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Based on our previously described correlation between CZE and free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE), analytical CZE separation of β-Ala-Tyr and its admixtures have been converted into preparative purification of β-Ala-Tyr by FFZE with preparative capacity of 45.5 mg per hour. The high purity degree of the β-Ala-Tyr obtained by FFZE fractionation was confirmed by its subsequent CZE analysis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mizgina TO, Chikalovets IV, Molchanova VI, Ziganshin RH, Chernikov OV. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Lectin from the Clam Glycymeris yessoensis and Its Functional Characterization under Microbial Stimulation and Environmental Stress. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:474. [PMID: 34564136 PMCID: PMC8466245 DOI: 10.3390/md19090474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin from the bivalve Glycymeris yessoensis (GYL) was purified by affinity chromatography on porcine stomach mucin-Sepharose. GYL is a dimeric protein with a molecular mass of 36 kDa, as established by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF analysis, consisting of 18 kDa subunits linked by a disulfide bridge. According to circular dichroism data, GYL is a β/α-protein with the predominance of β-structure. GYL preferentially agglutinates enzyme-treated rabbit erythrocytes and recognizes glycoproteins containing O-glycosidically linked glycans, such as porcine stomach mucin (PSM), fetuin, thyroglobulin, and ovalbumin. The amino acid sequences of five segments of GYL were acquired via mass spectrometry. The sequences have no homology with other known lectins. GYL is Ca2+-dependent and stable over a range above a pH of 8 and temperatures up to 20 °C for 30 min. GYL is a pattern recognition receptor, as it binds common pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as peptidoglycan, LPS, β-1,3-glucan and mannan. GYL possesses a broad microbial-binding spectrum, including Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio proteolyticus), but not the fungus Candida albicans. Expression levels of GYL in the hemolymph were significantly upregulated after bacterial challenge by V. proteolyticus plus environmental stress (diesel fuel). Results indicate that GYL is probably a new member of the C-type lectin family, and may be involved in the immune response of G. yessoensis to bacterial attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana O. Mizgina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.V.C.); (V.I.M.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Irina V. Chikalovets
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.V.C.); (V.I.M.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valentina I. Molchanova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.V.C.); (V.I.M.)
| | - Rustam H. Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Oleg V. Chernikov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.V.C.); (V.I.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Azizan A, Alfaro AC, Young T, Venter L. Beyond relaxed: magnesium chloride anaesthesia alters the circulatory metabolome of a marine mollusc (Perna canaliculus). Metabolomics 2021; 17:73. [PMID: 34390406 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The New Zealand Green-lipped mussel industry is well-established providing vastly to aquaculture exports. To assess mussel health and reproduction status, visual examination of organs and/or collection of haemolymph is commonly applied. Anesthetics, such as magnesium chloride (MgCl2) can be utilized to prevent muscle contraction and keep shells open during sampling. The specific effects of muscle relaxing agents on baseline metabolism in invertebrates is unknown, but it is evident that molecular, cellular and physiological parameters are altered with these chemical applications. To this end, metabolomics approaches can help elucidate the effects of relaxing agents for better assessment of their use as a research tool. METHODS Adult Green-lipped mussels were anaesthetized for 3 h in a MgCl2 bath, whereafter haemolymph samples were collected and analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry applying methyl chloroformate alkylation derivatization. RESULTS Anesthetized mussels were characterized as non-responsive to manual manipulation, with open valves, and limited siphoning function. Metabolite profiling revealed significant increases in the abundances of most metabolites with an array of metabolic activities affected, resulting in an energy imbalance driven by anaerobic metabolism with altered amino acids acting as neurotransmitters and osmolytes. CONCLUSION This research is the first to use a metabolomics approach to identify the metabolic consequences of this commonly used bivalve relaxing technique. Ultimately the use of MgCl2 anesthetization as a sampling strategy should be carefully evaluated and managed when performing metabolomics-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awanis Azizan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Applied Ecology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Applied Ecology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Applied Ecology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Centre for Biomedical & Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Applied Ecology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Van Meulebroek L, Vanhaecke L, Smagghe G, Meeus I. The Bee Hemolymph Metabolome: A Window into the Impact of Viruses on Bumble Bees. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040600. [PMID: 33915836 PMCID: PMC8066158 DOI: 10.3390/v13040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art virus detection technology has advanced a lot, yet technology to evaluate the impacts of viruses on bee physiology and health is basically lacking. However, such technology is sorely needed to understand how multi-host viruses can impact the composition of the bee community. Here, we evaluated the potential of hemolymph metabolites as biomarkers to identify the viral infection status in bees. A metabolomics strategy based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was implemented. First, we constructed a predictive model for standardized bumble bees, in which non-infected bees were metabolically differentiated from an overt Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) infection (R2Y = 0.993; Q2 = 0.906), as well as a covert slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV) infection (R2Y = 0.999; Q2 = 0.875). Second, two sets of potential biomarkers were identified, being descriptors for the metabolomic changes in the bee's hemolymph following viral infection. Third, the biomarker sets were evaluated in a new dataset only containing wild bees and successfully discriminated virus infection versus non-virus infection with an AUC of 0.985. We concluded that screening hemolymph metabolite markers can underpin physiological changes linked to virus infection dynamics, opening promising avenues to identify, monitor, and predict the effects of virus infection in a bee community within a specific environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luoluo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510610, China;
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (L.V.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (L.V.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Ivan Meeus
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arai T, Yamauchi A, Miura A, Kondo H, Nishimiya Y, Sasaki YC, Tsuda S. Discovery of Hyperactive Antifreeze Protein from Phylogenetically Distant Beetles Questions Its Evolutionary Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3637. [PMID: 33807342 PMCID: PMC8038014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beetle hyperactive antifreeze protein (AFP) has a unique ability to maintain a supercooling state of its body fluids, however, less is known about its origination. Here, we found that a popular stag beetle Dorcus hopei binodulosus (Dhb) synthesizes at least 6 isoforms of hyperactive AFP (DhbAFP). Cold-acclimated Dhb larvae tolerated -5 °C chilled storage for 24 h and fully recovered after warming, suggesting that DhbAFP facilitates overwintering of this beetle. A DhbAFP isoform (~10 kDa) appeared to consist of 6-8 tandem repeats of a 12-residue consensus sequence (TCTxSxNCxxAx), which exhibited 3 °C of high freezing point depression and the ability of binding to an entire surface of a single ice crystal. Significantly, these properties as well as DNA sequences including the untranslated region, signal peptide region, and an AFP-encoding region of Dhb are highly similar to those identified for a known hyperactive AFP (TmAFP) from the beetle Tenebrio molitor (Tm). Progenitor of Dhb and Tm was branched off approximately 300 million years ago, so no known evolution mechanism hardly explains the retainment of the DNA sequence for such a lo-ng divergence period. Existence of unrevealed gene transfer mechanism will be hypothesized between these two phylogenetically distant beetles to acquire this type of hyperactive AFP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Arai
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan;
| | - Akari Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
| | - Ai Miura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hidemasa Kondo
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Nishimiya
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuji C. Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan;
- OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
| | - Sakae Tsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; (T.A.); (A.M.); (H.K.); (Y.N.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
- OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ilijević K, Vujanović D, Orčić S, Purać J, Kojić D, Zarić N, Gržetić I, Blagojević DP, Čelić TV. Anthropogenic influence on seasonal and spatial variation in bioelements and non-essential elements in honeybees and their hemolymph. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108852. [PMID: 32777467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Honeybee colony losses have been a focus of research in the last years, due to the importance of managed honeybee colonies for economy and ecology. Different unfavorable conditions from the outside environment have a strong impact on the hive health. The majority of losses occur mainly during winter and the exact reason is not completely understood. Only a small number of studies are dealing with content of bioelements, their function and influence on honeybee physiology. The aim of the present study was to determine seasonal and spatial variations in content of bioelements and non-essential elements, in hemolymph and whole body of honeybees originating from three regions with different degrees of urbanization and industrialization. Concentrations of 16 elements were compared: macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na), microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) and non-essential elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr) in samples collected from 3 different environments: Golija (rural region), Belgrade (urban region) and Zajača (industrial region). Content of bioelements and non-essential elements in honeybees was under noticeable influence of the surrounding environment, season and degree of honeybee activity. Hemolymph was proven to be helpful in differentiating air pollution from other sources of honeybee exposure. The results of our study demonstrated that bees can be successfully used as biomonitors since we have observed statistically significant differences among observed locations, but unless compared locations are exposed to excessively different pollution pressures, it is essential that all bees should be collected at the same season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Ilijević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vujanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Orčić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Purać
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Kojić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nenad Zarić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Gržetić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško P Blagojević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Physiology, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana V Čelić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao X, Wang Y, Rogers J, Hartson S, Kanost MR, Jiang H. Changes in composition and levels of hemolymph proteins during metamorphosis of Manduca sexta. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 127:103489. [PMID: 33096211 PMCID: PMC7704632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, is a lepidopteran model species widely used to study insect biochemical processes. Some of its larval hemolymph proteins are well studied, and a detailed proteomic analysis of larval plasma proteins became available in 2016, revealing features such as correlation with transcriptome data, formation of immune complexes, and constitution of an immune signaling system in hemolymph. It is unclear how the composition of these proteins may change in other developmental stages. In this paper, we report the proteomes of cell-free hemolymph from prepupae, pupae on day 4 and day 13, and young adults. Of the 1824 proteins identified, 907 have a signal peptide and 410 are related to immunity. Drastic changes in abundance of the storage proteins, lipophorins and vitellogenin, for instance, reflect physiological differences among prepupae, pupae, and adults. Considerably more proteins lacking signal peptide are present in the late pupae, suggesting that plasma contains relatively low concentrations of intracellular components released from remodeling tissues during metamorphosis. The defense proteins detected include 43 serine proteases and 11 serine protease homologs. Some of these proteins are members of the extracellular immune signaling network found in feeding larvae, and others may play additional roles and hence confer new features in the later life stages. In summary, the proteins and their levels revealed in this study, together with their transcriptome data, are expected to stimulate focused explorations of humoral immunity and other physiological systems in wandering larvae, pupae, and adults of M. sexta and shed light upon functional and comparative genomic research in other holometabolous insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Cao
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Janet Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Steve Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Michael R Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Haobo Jiang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mendes TMF, Carrilho E, Galinaro CA, Cabral FJ, Allegretti SM. Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Proteomic changes in the snail host. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105684. [PMID: 32931750 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the main cause of human eosinophilic meningitis. Humans are accidental hosts, becoming infected due to ingestion of raw intermediate (snails and slugs) or paratenic hosts. Once ingested, the larvae migrate towards the brain where they die, causing the disease. To develop better mollusk control strategies, it is important to first understand what happens in the snail during infection, therefore our purpose was to characterize proteomic, metabolic and immunologic changes in Biomphalaria glabrata 24 h after infection with A. cantonensis. For this purpose, proteins were extracted from infected and uninfected snails and analyzed through mass spectrometry. Hemolymph was also collected, the number of hemocytes was counted and urea, nitric oxide, calcium, glycogen levels as well as alanine and aspartate aminotransferases activities were assessed. The cephalopodal region and gonad-digestive gland complex were dissected and their glycogen content was measured. After infection with A. cantonensis, we observed an increase of hemocytes and granulocytes as well as an increase in hemoglobin type 2 proteins. Temptin-like protein was also found up-regulated in infected snails. Several proteins with structural function (such as myosin heavy chain - striated muscle - like and protein LOC106059779 with ADAM/reprosolin domain) were also differentially expressed, suggesting loss/damage of internal tissues. Increase in phosphoglycerate mutase indicates an increase in glycolysis, possible to compensate the increase in energetic needs. Consequently, there is a decrease in glycogen reserves, particularly in the gonad - digestive gland complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M F Mendes
- Biology Institute, Animal Biology Department, Campinas State University (UNICAMP) - SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry - University of São Paulo (USP) - SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Galinaro
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry - University of São Paulo (USP) - SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda J Cabral
- Biology Institute, Animal Biology Department, Campinas State University (UNICAMP) - SP, Brazil
| | - Silmara M Allegretti
- Biology Institute, Animal Biology Department, Campinas State University (UNICAMP) - SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Silva-Oliveira G, De Paula IF, Medina JM, Alves-Bezerra M, Gondim KC. Insulin receptor deficiency reduces lipid synthesis and reproductive function in the insect Rhodnius prolixus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158851. [PMID: 33160077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease, is a hematophagous insect that feeds exclusively on blood. Each blood meal is digested within the first fourteen days after feeding, providing substrates for lipid synthesis for storage and egg production. These events are precisely regulated and emerging evidence points to a key function of insulin-like peptides (ILPs) in this control. Here we investigated the role of insulin receptor in the regulation of nutrient metabolism in fed adult females. The expression of insulin receptor (RhoprIR) gene was determined in adult organs, and it was highest in ovaries and previtellogenic follicles. We generated insects with RNAi-mediated knockdown of RhoprIR to address the physiological role of this receptor. RhoprIR deficiency improved longevity and reduced triacylglycerol storage in the fat body, whereas blood digestion remained unchanged for seven days after blood meal. The lower lipid content was attributable to decreased de novo lipogenesis as well as reduced incorporation of hemolymph-derived fatty acids into newly synthesized lipids within this organ. Consistent with that, fat bodies from RhoprIR-deficient insects exhibited decreased gene expression levels of lipophorin receptor (RhoprLpR), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 and 4 (RhoprGpat1 and RhoprGpat4), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (RhoprCpt1). Although hemolymph lipid profile was not affected by RhoprIR disruption, the concentration of circulating vitellogenin was increased. In line with these changes, RhoprIR-deficient females exhibited smaller ovaries and a marked reduction in oviposition. Taken together, these findings support a key role of insulin receptor in nutrient homeostasis, lipid synthesis and egg production following a blood meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gleidson Silva-Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iron F De Paula
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge M Medina
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Alves-Bezerra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Katia C Gondim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elayabharathi T, Vinoliya Josephine Mary J, Mary Mettilda Bai S. Characterization of a novel O-acetyl sialic acid specific lectin from the hemolymph of the marine crab, Atergatis integerrimus (Lamarck, 1818). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 106:1131-1138. [PMID: 32702482 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An O-acetyl sialic acid specific lectin was purified from the hemolymph of the marine crab Atergatis integerrimus by affinity chromatography using BSM (Bovine Submaxillary Mucin) coupled to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose 4B and biospecific adsorption using formalinized buffalo erythrocytes. The purified AiL (Atergatis integerrimus lectin) showed an 1218 fold increase in specific activity when compared to the crude hemolymph agglutinin. The lectin, on non - denaturing PAGE showed a single band of 216 kDa and when subjected to SDS - PAGE, the lectin resolved into three subunits of molecular weight 70, 72 and 74 kDa. Physico chemical characterization revealed the lectin as pH and temperature sensitive, calcium dependent and sensitive to calcium chelators. Based on the calcium dependency of the lectin, AiL could be classified as a C-type lectin. The purified lectin agglutinated buffalo erythrocytes with greater avidity and was inhibited by the glycoproteins BSM, thyroglobulin, fetuin, PSM, and sugars raffinose, trehalose, l - fucose, α - Lactose, melibiose and GluNAc suggesting the affinity of the lectin to sialic acid. Reduction in HA with asialo buffalo erythrocytes and HAI titer with desialylated BSM, confirms the sialic acid specificity of the lectin. The reduction in HAI following de - O - acetylation confirms the specificity of the lectin for O - acetyl sialic acid. FTIR analysis confirms the purified lectin as a glycoprotein with spectral bands corresponding to amide bands and saccharides. Thus this study paves way to assess the therapeutic application of this lectin that could be targeted to modified sialic acid moieties that are expressed on the malignant cells and pathogenic microbes and also deduce the crystal structure of the lectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Elayabharathi
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Vinoliya Josephine Mary
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, 627012, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Mary Mettilda Bai
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Preetham E, Lakshmi S, Wongpanya R, Vaseeharan B, Arockiaraj J, Olsen RE. Antibiofilm and immunological properties of lectin purified from shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 106:776-782. [PMID: 32745619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Penaeid prawns are considered as most demanding fishery resources. The current study aims to purify and characterize lectin from the haemolymph of Penaeus semisulcatus. The semisulcatus-lectin was purified by affinity chromatography using mannose coupled Sepharose CL-4B column and purified lectin exhibited a single band of 66 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The purity and crystalline structure of purified lectin was confirmed by HPLC and X-ray diffraction analysis. Semisulcatus-lectin exhibited yeast agglutination activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and agglutinated human erythrocytes. Semisulcatus-lectin was evaluated for phenol oxidase activation and phagocytic activities. It was observed that semisulcatus-lectin had antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy in aquaculture industry for disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elumalai Preetham
- Department of Fish Processing Technology (Biochemistry), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India; School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Sreeja Lakshmi
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ratree Wongpanya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mayack C, Carmichael K, Phalen N, Khan Z, Hirche F, Stangl GI, White HK. Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry as a preferred method for quantification of insect hemolymph sugars. J Insect Physiol 2020; 127:104115. [PMID: 32976817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insects, due to their small size, have limited energy storage space, but they also have high metabolic rate, so their hemolymph sugars are incredibly dynamic and play a number of important physiological functional roles in maintaining energetic homeostasis. In contrast to vertebrates, trehalose is generally the primary sugar found in insect hemolymph, which is followed by glucose and fructose. Many analytical chemistry methods exist to measure sugars, yet a direct comparison of methods that can measure all three simultaneously, and trehalose in particular, from low sample volumes, are sparse. Using the honey bee as a model, we directly compare the leading current methods of using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with an evaporative light-scattering detector and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine which method would be better for measuring trehalose, glucose, and fructose in terms of reproducibility, accuracy, and sensitivity. Furthermore, we injected the enzyme inhibitors trehalozin (a trehalase inhibitor) and sorbose (a trehalase p-synthase inhibitor) to manipulate the trehalose levels in honey bee foragers as a proof of concept that this sugar can be altered independently of hemolymph glucose and fructose levels. Overall the HPLC method was less reproducible for measuring fructose and glucose, and it also had lower sensitivity for measuring trehalose. Consequently, significant differences in trehalose levels within the forager class were only detected with the GC-MS and not the HPLC method. Lastly, using the GC-MS method in the follow up study we found that trehalozin and sorbose causes a significant increase and decrease of trehalose levels respectively, in forager honey bees, independent of the glucose and fructose levels, ten minutes after injection. Taken together, these methods will provide useful tools for future studies exploring the many different physiological functional roles that trehalose can play in maintaining insect energetic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mayack
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA, USA; Institute for Biology/General Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Kathleen Carmichael
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicole Phalen
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA, USA; Yale School of Nursing, 400 West Campus Drive, Orange, CT, USA
| | - Zaeema Khan
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Frank Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Helen K White
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Junkunlo K, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. Transglutaminase 1 and 2 are localized in different blood cells in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 104:83-91. [PMID: 32479868 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we show that hemocytes in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus express two different transglutaminases. We describe the sequence of a previously unknown TGase (Pl_TGase1) and named this as Pl_TGase2 and compared this sequence with similar sequences from other crustaceans. The catalytic core domain is similar to the previously described TGase in P. leniusculus, but Pl_TGase2 has significant differences in the N-terminal and C-terminal domains. Further, we show conclusive evidences that these different transglutaminases are specific for different hemocyte types so that Pl_TGase1 is expressed in the hematopoietic tissue and in the cytoplasm of semigranular hemocytes, while Pl_TGase2 is expressed in vesicles in the granular hemocytes. By in situ hybridization we show that both Pl_TGase1 and Pl_TGase2 mRNA are present only in a subset of the respective hemocyte population. This observation indicates that there may be different subtypes of semigranular as well as granular hemocytes which may have different specific functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kingkamon Junkunlo
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, SE 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene Söderhäll
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rahmani A, Mathien C, Bidault A, Le Goïc N, Paillard C, Pichereau V. External pH modulation during the growth of Vibrio tapetis, the aetiological agent of brown ring disease. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:3-16. [PMID: 32395854 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Brown ring disease (BRD) is an infection of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum due to the pathogen Vibrio tapetis. During BRD, clams are facing immunodepression and shell biomineralization alteration. In this paper, we studied the role of pH on the growth of the pathogen and formulated hypothesis on the establishment of BRD by V. tapetis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we monitored the evolution of pH during the growth of V. tapetis in a range of pH and temperatures. We also measured the pH of Manila clam haemolymph and extrapallial fluids (EPFs) during infection by V. tapetis. We highlighted that V. tapetis modulates the external pH during its growth, to a value of 7·70. During the development of BRD, V. tapetis also influences EPFs and haemolymph pH in vitro in the first hours of exposure and in vivo after 3 days of infection. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments have shown a close interaction between V. tapetis CECT4600, a pathogen of Manila clam that induces BRD, and the pH of different compartments of the animals during infection. These results indicate that the bacterium, through a direct mechanism or as a consequence of physiological changes encountered in the animal during infection, is able to interfere with the pH of Manila clam fluids. This pH modification might promote the infection process or at least create an imbalance within the animal that would favour its persistence. This last hypothesis should be tested in future experiment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is the first observation of pH modifications in the context of BRD and might orient future research on the fine mechanisms of pH modulation associated with BRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rahmani
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - C Mathien
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - A Bidault
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - N Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - C Paillard
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - V Pichereau
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eggermont M, Cornillie P, Dierick M, Adriaens D, Nevejan N, Bossier P, Van den Broeck W, Sorgeloos P, Defoirdt T, Declercq AM. The blue mussel inside: 3D visualization and description of the vascular-related anatomy of Mytilus edulis to unravel hemolymph extraction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6773. [PMID: 32317671 PMCID: PMC7174403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is an intensely studied bivalve in biomonitoring programs worldwide. The lack of detailed descriptions of hemolymph-withdrawal protocols, particularly with regard to the place from where hemolymph could be perfused from, raises questions regarding the exact composition of aspirated hemolymph and does not exclude the possibility of contamination with other body-fluids. This study demonstrates the use of high resolution X-ray computed tomography and histology combined with 3D-reconstruction using AMIRA-software to visualize some important vascular-related anatomic structures of Mytilus edulis. Based on these images, different hemolymph extraction sites used in bivalve research were visualized and described, leading to new insights into hemolymph collection. Results show that hemolymph withdrawn from the posterior adductor muscle could be extracted from small spaces and fissures between the muscle fibers that are connected to at least one hemolymph supplying artery, more specifically the left posterior gastro-intestinal artery. Furthermore, 3D-reconstructions indicate that puncturing hemolymph from the pericard, anterior aorta, atria and ventricle in a non-invasive way should be possible. Hemolymph withdrawal from the heart is less straightforward and more prone to contamination from the pallial cavity. This study resulted simultaneously in a detailed description and visualization of the vascular-related anatomy of Mytilus edulis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Eggermont
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Department Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium
- XRE nv. Bollebergen 2B box 1, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Adriaens
- Research Group Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy Nevejan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sorgeloos
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Maria Declercq
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tuthill BF, Searcy LA, Yost RA, Musselman LP. Tissue-specific analysis of lipid species in Drosophila during overnutrition by UHPLC-MS/MS and MALDI-MSI. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:275-290. [PMID: 31900315 PMCID: PMC7053833 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets high in calories can be used to model metabolic diseases, including obesity and its associated comorbidities, in animals. Drosophila melanogaster fed high-sugar diets (HSDs) exhibit complications of human obesity including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, cardiomyopathy, increased susceptibility to infection, and reduced longevity. We hypothesize that lipid storage in the high-sugar-fed fly's fat body (FB) reaches a maximum capacity, resulting in the accumulation of toxic lipids in other tissues or lipotoxicity. We took two approaches to characterize tissue-specific lipotoxicity. Ultra-HPLC-MS/MS and MALDI-MS imaging enabled spatial and temporal localization of lipid species in the FB, heart, and hemolymph. Substituent chain length was diet dependent, with fewer odd chain esterified FAs on HSDs in all sample types. By contrast, dietary effects on double bond content differed among organs, consistent with a model where some substituent pools are shared and others are spatially restricted. Both di- and triglycerides increased on HSDs in all sample types, similar to observations in obese humans. Interestingly, there were dramatic effects of sugar feeding on lipid ethers, which have not been previously associated with lipotoxicity. Taken together, we have identified candidate endocrine mechanisms and molecular targets that may be involved in metabolic disease and lipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryon F. Tuthill
- Department of Biological Sciences,Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY
| | - Louis A. Searcy
- Department of Chemistry,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Richard A. Yost
- Department of Chemistry,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wrońska AK, Boguś MI. Heat shock proteins (HSP 90, 70, 60, and 27) in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) hemolymph are affected by infection with Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228556. [PMID: 32027696 PMCID: PMC7004346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates are becoming more popular models for research on the immune system. The innate immunity possessed by insects shows both structural and functional similarity to the resistance displayed by mammals, and many processes occurring in insect hemocytes are similar to those that occur in mammals. The humoral immune response in insects acts by melanization, clotting and the production of reactive oxygen species and antimicrobial peptides, while the cellular immunity system is based on nodulation, encapsulation and phagocytosis. An increasingly popular insect model in biological research is Galleria mellonella, whose larvae are sensitive to infection by the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus, which can also be dangerous to humans. One group of factors that modulate the response of the immune system during infection in mammals are heat shock proteins (HSPs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether infection by C. coronatus in G. mellonella hemolymph is accompanied by an increase of HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and HSP27. Larvae (five-day-old last instar) were exposed for 24 hours to fully-grown and sporulating fungus. Hemolymph was collected either immediately after termination of exposure (F24) or 24 hours later (F48). The concentration of the HSPs in hemolymph was determined using ELISA. Immunolocalization in hemocytes was performed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and HSP27 were found to be present in the G. mellonella hemocytes. HSP60 and HSP90 predominated in healthy insects, with HSP70 and HSP27 being found in trace amounts; HSP60 and HSP27 were elevated in F24 and F48, and HSP90 was elevated in F48. The fungal infection had no effect on HSP70 levels. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the interaction between the innate insect immune response and entomopathogen infection. The results of this innovative study may have a considerable impact on research concerning innate immunology and insect physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Mieczysława Irena Boguś
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warsaw, Poland
- BIOMIBO, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang X, Zhang M, Zheng H, Ye H, Zhang X, Li S. Source of hemolymph microbiota and their roles in the immune system of mud crab. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 102:103470. [PMID: 31430486 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Special innate immune mechanisms against pathogens are developed in marine invertebrates such as mud crab, which is also an economically important aquaculture species in many coastal countries. Hemolymph is a critical site in host immune response, but its source of microorganisms is less known. In this study, we provided a detailed investigation of the microorganisms inhabiting various body sites of healthy mud crabs, including hemolymph, midgut, gill, subcuticular epidermis and hepatopancreas. By using fluorescence microscopy and high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes, various abundances and kinds of microorganisms were observed in the healthy mud crabs, of which some are potential pathogens to mud crab and human. The SourceTracker analysis and oral injection experiment confirm the hypothesis that hemolymph microorganisms are derived from the digestive systems of invertebrates with open circulatory systems, indicating that these microorganisms play vital roles in crab immune response. Moreover, physiological differences (gut length), behavioral characteristics (foraging behavior), diet preferences (herbivory), and/or sex hormones (testosterone) possibly determine the unique features of the crab-associated microbiota for both sexes. These findings also contribute to the development of appropriate microbial immunoenhancers, which has potential applications for improving quality and yield during crab aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxu Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Haihui Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University & Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology & Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Scanes E, Wood H, Ross P. Microplastics detected in haemolymph of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 149:110537. [PMID: 31466014 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is ubiquitous in marine environments. Despite the sheer volume of plastic waste, it remains relatively unknown how marine invertebrates will interact with microplastics (plastic <1 mm). Microplastics (<2 μm) were ingested by the economically and ecologically significant Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata and translocated to the haemolymph, perhaps via phagocytosis. The presence of microplastics in the haemolymph indicates that filter feeding S. glomerata can ingest and accumulate microplastics which are prevalent in the environment. This research shows microplastics can enter marine molluscs and highlights the need to monitor microplastics in the marine environment and aquaculture to safeguard the seafood industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Scanes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Heather Wood
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Pauline Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia..
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Preetham E, Rubeena AS, Vaseeharan B, Chaurasia MK, Arockiaraj J, Olsen RE. Anti-biofilm properties and immunological response of an immune molecule lectin isolated from shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 94:896-906. [PMID: 31533083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study is carried out to understand the antimicrobial and immunological response of a potential immune molecule lectin, MmLec isolated from haemolymph of Speckled shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros. MmLec was purified using mannose coupled Sepharose CL-4B affinity chromatography, which was further subjected on SDS-PAGE to ascertain the distribution of their molecular weight. Sugar binding specificity assay was conducted at various pH and temperatures to investigate the binding affinity of MmLec towards the specific carbohydrate molecule. Functional analysis of immune molecule MmLec included haemagglutination assays performed using human erythrocytes and yeast agglutination activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae which, were analyzed using light microscopy. In order to study the antimicrobial activity, two Gram-negative (Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila) and two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) bacteria were treated with purified MmLec. Moreover, these bacterial species were also treated at different concentration of the MmLec to speculate the antibiofilm properties of MmLec which was analyzed under Light Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. In addition, other functional characterization of MmLec showed the uniqueness of MmLec in agglutination of human erythrocyte as well as the cells of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Also, the phenoloxidase activity and encapsulation assay was evaluated. MTT assay displayed that MmLec are potent in anticancer activity. The study will help to understand the immunological interference and antimicrobial nature of MmLec which would be supportive in establishing a potential therapeutic tool and to develop better and novel disease control strategies in shrimp and farmed aquaculture industries as well as in health management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elumalai Preetham
- Department of Processing Technology (Biochemistry), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, 682 506, Kochi, Kerala, India; School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, 682 506, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Abdul Salam Rubeena
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, 682 506, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Department of Processing Technology (Biochemistry), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, 682 506, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Knapp JL, Auerswald L, Hoffman LC, Macey BM. Effects of chronic hypercapnia and elevated temperature on the immune response of the spiny lobster, Jasus lalandii. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 93:752-762. [PMID: 31163297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The West Coast rock lobster (WCRL), Jasus lalandii, inhabits highly variable environments frequented by upwelling events, episodes of hypercapnia and large temperature variations. Coupled with the predicted threat of ocean acidification and temperature change for the coming centuries, the immune response in this crustacean will most likely be affected. We therefore tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to hypercapnia and elevated seawater temperature will alter immune function of the WCRL. The chronic effects of four combinations of two stressors (seawater pCO2 and temperature) on the total number of circulating haemocytes (THC) as well as on the lobsters' ability to clear (inactivate) an injected dose of Vibrio anguillarum from haemolymph circulation were assessed. Juvenile lobsters were held in normocapnic (pH 8.01) or hypercapnic (pH 7.34) conditions at two temperatures (15.6 and 18.9 °C) for 48 weeks (n = 30 lobster per treatment), after which a subsample of lobsters (n = 8/treatment), all at a similar moult stage, were selected from each treatment for the immune challenge. Baseline levels of haemocytes (THC ml-1) and bacteria (CFU ml-1) in their haemolymph were quantified 24 h prior to bacterial challenge. Lobsters were then challenged by injecting 4 × 104V. anguillarum per g body weight directly into the cardiac region of each lobster and circulating haemocyte and culturable bacteria were measured at 20 min post challenge. No significant differences in THC ml-1 (p < 0.05) were observed between any of the treatment groups prior to the bacterial challenge. However lobsters chronically exposed to a combination of hypercapnia and low temperature had significantly higher (p < 0.05) THCs post-challenge in comparison with lobsters chronically exposed to hypercapnia and high temperature. A significant interactive effect was recorded between temperature and pH for the post-challenge THC data (two-way ANOVA, p = 0.0025). Lobster were very efficient at rendering an injected dose of bacteria non-culturable, with more than 83% of the theoretical challenge dose (∼1.7 × 105Vibrio ml-1 haemolymph) inactivated within the first 10 min following injection. Although differences in the inactivation of V. anguillarum were observed between treatment groups, none of these differences were significant. Clearance efficiency was in the following order: Hypercapnia/low temperature > normocapnia/high temperature > normocapnia/low temperature > hypercapnia/high temperature. This study demonstrated that despite chronic exposure to combinations of reduced seawater pH and high temperature, the WCRL was still capable of rapidly rendering an injected dose of bacteria non-culturable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarred L Knapp
- Department of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Lutz Auerswald
- Department of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Fisheries Management Branch, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Roggebaai, 8012, South Africa
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains 4108, Australia
| | - Brett M Macey
- Fisheries Management Branch, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Roggebaai, 8012, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu H, Lin Y, Gu J, Ruan Y, Shen G, Zhang Y, Wang H, Meng Z, Li K, Xia Q. The increase of amino acids induces the expression of vitellogenin after spinning in the silkworm Bombyx mori. J Insect Physiol 2019; 118:103913. [PMID: 31302015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silkworms are economically important insects because of the value of their silk. After finishing silk spinning, silkworms begin another important physiological process, vitellogenesis. In this study, we explored the relationship between silk spinning and vitellogenin (BmVg) expression in silkworms. In silkworms with the silk fibroin heavy chain gene knocked-out, the concentration of amino acids in the hemolymph was found to be significantly higher than that in the wild type, and the expression of BmVg was advanced at day 7 of the fifth instar stage and 0 h after spinning. Furthermore, through culturing fat body in vitro with different substances treatment including glucose, trehalose, amino acids, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and insulin, we found that only amino acids could induce BmVg expression. RNA interference of BmTOR1 in female silkworms could down-regulate BmVg transcription, resulting in shortened egg ducts and smaller eggs relative to the control. Therefore, these results showed that amino acids could induce BmVg expression through the TOR signaling pathway. Fat body cultured with amino acids in vitro and experiments involving amino acids injected into the silkworm showed that the majority of main amino acids of silk protein could induce BmVg expression. These results suggested that BmVg expression is related to silk spinning and this study would lay a foundation for elucidating the stage specificity expression of BmVg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jianjian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yang Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Guanwang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ziwang Meng
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kairong Li
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Banaee M, Akhlaghi M, Soltanian S, Gholamhosseini A, Heidarieh H, Fereidouni MS. Acute exposure to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate induces changes in hemolymph biochemical parameters in the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 222:145-155. [PMID: 31055068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute and subacute toxicity tests for chlorpyrifos and glyphosate were performed on the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus. The crayfish were divided into a control group and four experimental groups with exposure from 50.18 to 301.11 μg L-1 of chlorpyrifos for 96 h under semi-static test conditions. In the same experiment, the crayfish were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (from 0.0, 8.14 to 13.05 mg L-1) for 96 h. Mortality was recorded, and the median lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated using probit analysis. The 96 h LC50 values of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate to A. leptodactylus were 49.55 ± 4.66 μg L-1 and 7.83 ± 0.50 mg L-1, respectively. The results showed that chlorpyrifos was a few hundred times more toxic than glyphosate for the crayfish. Then, the crayfish were exposed to different subacute concentrations of chlorpyrifos (12.5 and 25 μg L-1) and glyphosate (2 mg L-1 and 4 mg L-1) for seven days, and their toxicity was evaluated through several hemolymph biochemical parameters. Chlorpyrifos and glyphosate exposure caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). The results showed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and phenoloxidase (PO) activities in the hemolymph of the crayfish exposed to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate. The total protein and cholesterol levels showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the hemolymph of the crayfish after seven days of exposure to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate. There was a significant increase in triglycerides and glucose levels in treated crayfish. These results show that chlorpyrifos is highly toxic, while glyphosate is moderately toxic to A. leptodactylus. According to the results, subacute concentrations of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate could lead to a collapse of cellular homeostasis and changes in the hemolymph biochemical parameters in the crayfish. Physiological changes caused by exposure to chlorpyrifos and glyphosate in A. leptodactylus may have direct effects on the survival of these organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Akhlaghi
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Siyavash Soltanian
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Gholamhosseini
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Heidarieh
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Fereidouni
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Maliszewska J, Wyszkowska J, Kletkiewicz H, Rogalska J. Capsaicin-induced dysregulation of acid-base status in the American cockroach. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54:676-680. [PMID: 31230517 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1632642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Members of TRP receptor family are involved in response to acidification. Here, we determined the effect of capsaicin, one of the TRP receptor activators, on hemolymph acid-base status in the American cockroach. Periplaneta americana adult individuals were injected with lactic acid (5% or 10%) and exposed to 100 µM capsaicin solution. Hemolymph pH was measured 15 min, 1, 4, 8 and 24 h after lactic acid and capsaicin application with a glass microelectrode. The results demonstrated that cockroaches recover from acidosis within 4 h from acid injection. Capsaicin impaired the buffering capacity of insects' hemolymph, resulting in significant drop of hemolymph pH observed even 24 h after application. Joint action of capsaicin and acidosis reveals new insight into possible mechanism of capsaicin action on TRP receptors in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Maliszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Joanna Wyszkowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Hanna Kletkiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Justyna Rogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Day RD, Fitzgibbon QP, Gardner C. The impact of holding stressors on the immune function and haemolymph biochemistry of Southern Rock Lobsters (Jasus edwardsii). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 89:660-671. [PMID: 30902723 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lobsters are fished world-wide due to their status as a high value, luxury seafood. A large proportion of the product is sold via live export, with lobsters subject to a range of stressors during holding post-capture. Improving the current understanding of the immune response to these stressors assists in improving efficiency and reducing loss in the chain between capture and consumption. In this study, the immune status of four treatment groups of Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) were studied: controls recently landed from a fishing boat, lobsters displaying advanced shell necrosis, lobsters in an unexplained moribund state and lobsters held in a processing facility for 10 weeks in standard conditions (i.e. high density, fasted). A total of 15 immune parameters and 19 haemolymph biochemical parameters were assayed. Phenoloxidase activity was only sporadically observed in haemocyte lysate and was consistently observed at a low level in the plasma with no difference between treatments for either. Haemocyte lysate prophenoloxidase activity was detected in most individuals, with no differences found between treatments. Prophenoloxidase in the plasma showed the highest level of activity, with the shell necrosis treatment demonstrating an elevated activity level relative to the other three treatments. Cell viability was not affected in any treatment. Lobsters with shell necrosis had a reduced capacity for phagocytosis, a significantly higher total haemocyte count, fewer hyalinocytes and more granulocytes and semigranulocytes. Fasted lobsters showed an opposite shift, with significantly more hyalinocytes compared to the other treatments and very few granulocytes and semigranulocytes. The balance of a range electrolytes, minerals metabolites and enzymes were affected in shell necrosis and fasted treatments, raising them as potential markers for immunocompromised lobsters. Multivariate analysis of all assayed parameters showed that all individuals in the necrosis treatment showed a similar, distinct immune response and that the fasted treatment, along with one control and one moribund individual, showed a separate intermediate response. The remainder of the control and moribund lobsters demonstrated a distinct "non-response" in comparison. These results offer a characterisation of the physiological response to common challenges during post-capture holding of rock lobsters, demonstrating the differential response to pathogenic bacterial infection, long term fasting, non-specific moribundity and the stress of capture and transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Day
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Caleb Gardner
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cremonez PSG, Matsumoto JF, Andrello AC, Roggia S, Pinheiro DO, Neves PMOJ. Macro-elements in the hemolymph of adult Euschistus heros (Fabr.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) treated with pyriproxyfen. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:47-51. [PMID: 30825637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Euschistus heros is an important pest in many crops in Brazil, and different control strategies, mainly involving chemicals, have been evaluated; however, the side effects of these chemicals on the balance of inorganic element levels in the hemolymph are unknown. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the concentration of inorganic elements (focusing on macro-elements) in the hemolymph of female and male E. heros adults, after applying pyriproxyfen at a sublethal concentration (LC30 = 6.68 mL L-1 diluted in distilled water) to 4th instar nymphs, which were kept in controlled conditions. The hemolymph pool was removed 48 h after adult emergence, centrifuged and placed on an acrylic disk added with Gallium as internal standard for the analysis of total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Most of the elements in the control treatment did not differ between females and males. However, following insecticide application to females and males, respectively, there was a significant increase in sulfur (19 and 51%), chlorine (33 and 137%) and calcium (47 and 82%) in the hemolymph. The significantly higher increase in macro-elements in males' hemolymph indicates that the action of pyriproxyfen may be sex-specific. Phosphorus and potassium concentrations also differed between females and males in the control and treated groups. The observed variation in inorganic elements in the insect's hemolymph may be related to the unknown effects of pyriproxyfen, mainly on immune and reproductive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S G Cremonez
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Mailbox: 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Janaina F Matsumoto
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Mailbox: 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Avacir C Andrello
- Department of Physics, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Roggia
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Soja, Rod. Carlos João Strass, PR-545, s/n, Acesso Orlando Amaral, Mailbox: 23, Warta, 86001-970 Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil.
| | - Daniela O Pinheiro
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Pedro M O J Neves
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina - UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Mailbox: 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Allan ERO, Yang L, Tennessen JA, Blouin MS. Allelic variation in a single genomic region alters the hemolymph proteome in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 88:301-307. [PMID: 30849501 PMCID: PMC6687060 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater snails are obligate intermediate hosts for numerous parasitic trematodes, most notably schistosomes. Schistosomiasis is a devastating human and veterinary illness, which is primarily controlled by limiting the transmission of these parasites from their intermediate snail hosts. Understanding how this transmission occurs, as well as the basic immunobiology of these snails may be important for controlling this disease in the future. Allelic variation in the Guadeloupe resistance complex (GRC) of Biomphalaria glabrata partially determines their susceptibility to parasitic infection, and can influence the microbiome diversity and microbial defenses in the hemolymph of these snails. In the present study, we examine the most abundant proteins present in the hemolymph of snails that are resistant or susceptible to schistosomes, as determined by their GRC genotype. Using proteomic analysis, we found that snails with different GRC genotypes have differentially abundant hemolymph proteins that are not explained by differences in transcription. There are 13 revealed hemolymph proteins that differ significantly between resistant and susceptible genotypes, nearly 40% of which are involved in immune responses. These findings build on the mounting evidence that genes in the GRC region have multiple physiological roles, and likely contribute more extensively to the general immune response than previously believed. These data also raise the intriguing possibility that the GRC region controls resistance to schistosomes, not directly, but indirectly via its effects on the snail's proteome and potentially its microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euan R O Allan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada.
| | - Liping Yang
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jacob A Tennessen
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael S Blouin
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vannuci-Silva M, Cadore S, Henry TB, Umbuzeiro G. Higher silver bioavailability after nanoparticle dietary exposure in marine amphipods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:806-810. [PMID: 30638280 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
On release into surface waters, engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) tend to settle to sediments and, consequently, epibenthic fauna will be exposed to them through diet. We established Ag uptake and accumulation profiles over time in the hemolymph of a marine amphipod fed with a formulated feed containing AgNPs or AgCl. Silver bioavailability was higher in organisms exposed to AgNPs, indicating that the nanoparticles pose a higher risk of toxicity compared to similar concentrations of AgCl. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:806-810. © 2019 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monizze Vannuci-Silva
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange Cadore
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Theodore B Henry
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gisela Umbuzeiro
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abdellaoui K, Boussadia O, Miladi M, Boughattas I, Omri G, Mhafdhi M, Hazzoug M, Acheuk F, Brahem M. Olive Leaf Extracts Toxicity to the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria: Histopathological Effects on the Alimentary Canal and Acetylcholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferases Activity. Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:246-259. [PMID: 30151672 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus), is the most widespread locust species. Frequent applications of insecticides have inevitably resulted in environmental pollution and development of resistance in some natural populations of the locust. To find a new and safe alternative to conventional insecticides, experiments were conducted to assess the effect of olive leaf extracts on L. migratoria fifth instar larvae. The methanolic extracts were prepared from the leaves sampled during four phenological growth stages of olive tree which are as follows: Cluster formation (Cf), Swelling inflorescence buds (Sib), Full flowering (Ff), and Endocarp hardening (Eh). The most relevant result was noted with the extract prepared from the leaves collected at the Sib-stage. Results showed that treatment of newly emerged larvae resulted in a significant mortality with a dose-response relationship. The olive leaf extracts toxicity was also demonstrated by histopathological changes in the alimentary canal resulting in a considerable disorganization and serious damage of the midgut, ceca, and proventriculus structure. Epithelial cells alterations, less dense and degraded striated border, disintegrated regeneration crypts, vacuolarized cells, extrusion of cytoplasmic contents, and rupture of muscular layer were evident in the midgut and ceca of treated larvae. Data of biochemical analyzes showed that olive leaf extracts induced a significant decrease of the hemolymph metabolites (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids). In a second series of experiments, we showed that the olive leaf extracts reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase and induced the glutathione S-transferases with a dose-response relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Abdellaoui
- Dept of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem, Sousse Univ, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - O Boussadia
- Unit of Sousse, Olive Tree Institute, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Miladi
- Dept of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem, Sousse Univ, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - I Boughattas
- Dept of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem, Sousse Univ, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - G Omri
- Dept of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem, Sousse Univ, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Mhafdhi
- General Directorate of Plant Health and Agricultural Inputs Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Hazzoug
- Dept of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem, Sousse Univ, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - F Acheuk
- Lab of Valorization and Conservation of Biological Resources "Valcore," Dept of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Univ of Boumerdes, Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - M Brahem
- Unit of Sousse, Olive Tree Institute, Sousse, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pourmozaffar S, Hajimoradloo A, Paknejad H, Rameshi H. Effect of dietary supplementation with apple cider vinegar and propionic acid on hemolymph chemistry, intestinal microbiota and histological structure of hepatopancreas in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 86:900-905. [PMID: 30553888 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Apple cider vinegar (ACV) and propionic acid (PA) on biochemical parameters of hemolymph, intestinal microbiota and histology of hepatopancreas in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Five experimental diets were evaluated in this study including diets supplemented with 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0% of ACV, 0.5% propionic acid, and a control diet with no supplements. Shrimps (initial weight of 10.2 ± 0.04 g) in triplicate groups with the density of 25 shrimps per tank were fed the diets for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, shrimps fed with ACV and PA supplemented diets had significantly higher total protein level than those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). The number of Vibrio spp., R-cells (lipid storage cells) of hepatopancreas and cholesterol level in shrimps fed the diets containing ACV and PA were lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no remarkable variations in glucose concentration, B-cell number and tubule diameter among the experimental diets (P > 0.05). In addition, shrimps fed the ACV diets had significantly lower total heterotrophic marine bacteria compared to the control or PA groups, and the lowest bacterial number was observed in shrimp fed 4% ACV supplemented diet (P < 0.05). Supplementation of 2 and 4% ACV as well as 0.5% PA in the diet led to a significantly higher calcium concentration than the control treatment (P < 0.05). The lowest triglyceride concentration was observed in the shrimps fed diets containing 2.0 and 4.0% ACV, which resulted in 15 and 20% reduction, respectively (P < 0.05). Overall, the findings indicates that ACV and PA possess antimicrobial activity and demonstrate beneficial effects on health status, so they can be potentially used as feed additive in the feeding of L. vannamei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Pourmozaffar
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Bandar-e- Lengeh, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Bandar-e- Lengeh, Iran
| | - Hossein Rameshi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute. Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Bandar-e- Lengeh, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Green DS, Colgan TJ, Thompson RC, Carolan JC. Exposure to microplastics reduces attachment strength and alters the haemolymph proteome of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Environ Pollut 2019; 246:423-434. [PMID: 30579211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of marine ecosystems with microplastics, such as the polymer polyethylene, a commonly used component of single-use packaging, is of global concern. Although it has been suggested that biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid, may be used to replace some polyethylene packaging, little is known about their effects on marine organisms. Blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, have become a "model organism" for investigating the effects of microplastics in marine ecosystems. We show here that repeated exposure, over a period of 52 days in an outdoor mesocosm setting, of M. edulis to polyethylene microplastics reduced the number of byssal threads produced and the attachment strength (tenacity) by ∼50%. Exposure to either type of microplastic altered the haemolymph proteome and, although a conserved response to microplastic exposure was observed, overall polyethylene resulted in more changes to protein abundances than polylactic acid. Many of the proteins affected are involved in vital biological processes, such as immune regulation, detoxification, metabolism and structural development. Our study highlights the utility of mass spectrometry-based proteomics to assess the health of key marine organisms and identifies the potential mechanisms by which microplastics, both conventional and biodegradable, could affect their ability to form and maintain reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle S Green
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB11PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas J Colgan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E14NS, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Thompson
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, PL48AA, United Kingdom
| | - James C Carolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Interaminense JA, Vogeley JL, Gouveia CK, Portela RS, Oliveira JP, Silva SMBC, Coimbra MRM, Peixoto SM, Soares RB, Buarque DS, Bezerra RS. Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella algae in expression profile of immune-related genes from hemolymph of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 86:253-259. [PMID: 30468891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
B. subtilis and S. algae effects in growth, survival and innate immunity were assessed on L. vannamei juveniles. During 60 days, shrimp were reared in three treatments: Bs, fed with 106 CFU of B. subtilis per gram of commercial feed, Sa, fed with 106 CFU of S. algae per gram of commercial feed and Control (without bacterial addition). Then, the animals were subjected to a V. parahaemolyticus challenge. For this purpose, four treatments were established: Control (shrimp not submitted to probiotic treatments), Vibrio (Vibrio challenged shrimp), Vibrio + Bs (Bs challenged shrimp) and Vibrio + Sa (Sa challenged shrimp). Shrimp hemolymph was sampled 45-days after rearing and 24 h post-challenge for quantification of prophenoloxidase (proPO), lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) and hemocyanin (HEM) transcripts by qPCR. Moreover, shrimp final weight and survival were also verified. B. subtilis administration enhanced shrimp growth and improved proPO, LGBP and HEM expression levels before and after challenge. After 60-days of feeding, Sa final weight was higher than the Control, whereas Vibrio + Sa cumulative mortality after 48 h of Vibrio challenge was lower than Vibrio group. These results could be correlated with the proPO and LGBP up regulation in Vibrio + Sa compared to Vibrio group, protecting L. vannamei from the bacterial infection. Together, these results suggest the probiotic potential of B. subtilis e S. algae in the modulation of immune-related genes as a tool to control V. parahaemolyticus infection inside shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Interaminense
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Joana L Vogeley
- Instituto Federal da Paraíba, Cabedelo, Paraíba, 58.015-020, Brazil.
| | - Carol K Gouveia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Rogério S Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - José P Oliveira
- Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50761-000, Brazil.
| | - Suzianny M B C Silva
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Raquel M Coimbra
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Sílvio M Peixoto
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberta B Soares
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Diego S Buarque
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Ranilson S Bezerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zeppelini D, Queiroz GC, Lopes NP, Mendonça-Junior FJB. Chemical analysis of Brasilimeria Stach, 1949 (Hexapoda, Collembola, Neanuridae) hemolymphatic secretion, and description of a new species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212451. [PMID: 30789930 PMCID: PMC6383892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though Collembola is a widespread hexapod its use of chemical compounds for defense has been reported for only a few European species. Chemical composition analyses of the hemolymphatic secretion of Neotropical Collembola using Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) has been performed for the first time. The GC-MS analysis revealed 32 constituents, such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, a phenol, an aldehyde and a ketone. Benzyl benzoate, the main component (at 46.98%), is a compound with known acaricide and insecticide properties. This is the first report on chemical constituents produced by Neotropical Pseudachorutinae, genus Brasilimeria, and will permit future secretion comparisons for Collembola. The taxonomic description of the species producing the secretion analyzed is provided; Brasilimeria assu sp. nov. (Collembola, Neanuridae, Pseudachorutinae) is the third known species of the genus; an updated diagnosis of the genus, an identification key, and further remarks on the species Brasilimeria Stach, 1949 are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Zeppelini
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Colembolla e Conservação, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa—PB, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabriel C. Queiroz
- Setor de Apterygota, Department of Entomology, Nacional Museum/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro––RJ, Brasil
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto—SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. B. Mendonça-Junior
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa—PB, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Al Baki MA, Lee DW, Jung JK, Kim Y. Insulin-like peptides of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, and their mediation effects on hemolymph trehalose level, larval development, and adult reproduction. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2019; 100:e21524. [PMID: 30536703 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) of insects mediate various physiological processes including hemolymph sugar level, immature growth, female reproduction, and lifespan. In target cells of ILPs, insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) is highly conserved in animals. IIS in the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is known to be involved in maintaining hemolymph trehalose levels and promoting larval growth. However, ILPs in M. vitrata have not been reported yet. This study predicted two ILP genes of Mv-ILP1 and Mv-ILP2 from transcriptome of M. vitrata. Mv-ILP1 and Mv-ILP2 shared high sequence homologies and domain architecture with Drosophila ILPs. Both ILPs exhibited similar expression patterns in most developmental stages, showing high expression levels in adult stage. In the larval stage, Mv-ILP1 and Mv-IlP2 were expressed mostly in the brain and fat body. However, in the adult stage, both ILP genes were expressed more in the abdomen than those in the head containing the brain. RNA interference (RNAi) of either Mv-ILP1 or Mv-ILP2 during larval stage resulted in significant malfunctioning in regulating hemolymph trehalose titers. RNAi-treated larvae also exhibited significant retardation of larval growth. RNAi treatment in adult stage interfered with the ovarian development of females. These results suggest that Mv-ILP1 and Mv-ILP2 play crucial roles in mediating larval growth and adult reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dae-Weon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Kyo Jung
- Division of Crop Cultivation and Environment Research, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dallarés S, Montemurro N, Pérez S, Rodríguez-Sanchez N, Solé M. Preliminary results on the uptake and biochemical response to water-exposure of Tamiflu® (oseltamivir phosphate) in two marine bivalves. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:75-85. [PMID: 30669952 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1562393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tamiflu® (oseltamivir phosphate, OST) is an antiviral drug used for the pandemic treatment of avian influenza but few data are available regarding its toxicity. It should be noted that acute adverse responses are not likely to occur due to low environmental presence of this drug. Nonetheless, water concentration levels of this compound may reach the µg/L range under influenza episodes. Bivalves are reliable sentinels of chemical exposure due to their low metabolism; however, biotransformation of drugs does occur in these aquatic invertebrates. Two species of bivalves, namely mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and clams Ruditapes philippinarum, were exposed for 48 h to 100 µg/L OST. Hemolymph from control and treated bivalves was withdrawn and the presence of OST and its metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (OST-C) determined by LC-MS/MS. Gills and digestive gland were excised from control and exposed bivalves and carboxylesterase (CE) activities measured using different substrates. In addition, antioxidant defences and lipid peroxidation levels were determined. Higher metabolism of OST seemed to occur in mussels, since both OST and OST-C were found in hemolymph, whereas in clams only the parent compound was detected. In contrast, biomarker responses were more evident in exposed clams which indicate that this species may be considered as more sensitive to OST exposure. CE-related activities successfully reflected OST exposure, with substrates 1-naphthyl acetate (1NA) and 1-naphthyl butyrate (1NB) displaying the highest sensitivity in the two bivalve species. Data thus indicate the usefulness of CE-related activities as biomarkers for OST exposure in bivalves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dallarés
- a Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- b Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- b Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Solé
- a Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) , Barcelona , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Filiciotto F, Sal Moyano MP, de Vincenzi G, Hidalgo F, Sciacca V, Bazterrica MC, Corrias V, Lorusso M, Mazzola S, Buscaino G, Gavio MA. Are semi-terrestrial crabs threatened by human noise? Assessment of behavioural and biochemical responses of Neohelice granulata (Brachyura, Varunidae) in tank. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 137:24-34. [PMID: 30503431 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of human lab-generated noise (sweep tone) on the behaviour and biochemistry of a semi-terrestrial crab (Neohelice granulata). The experiment was carried out in tanks equipped with video- and audio-recording systems on a total of seventy-eight specimens. In total, 42 experimental trials with sweep-tone exposure and control conditions were performed using crabs in single and group layouts. After a habituation period of 30 min, the locomotor and acoustic (sound signals emitted by the crabs) behaviours were monitored for 30 min. During this time, the animals in sweep-tone conditions were exposed to ascending sweeps in a bandwidth range of 2.5-25 kHz. Exposure to sweep-tone noise produced significant changes in the number of signals emitted, locomotor behaviours and plasma parameters, such as haemolymph total haemocyte count and glucose, lactate and total protein concentrations, revealing that human noise could represent a disturbance for this crustacean species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Filiciotto
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Messina (IAMC-CNR), Spianata S. Raineri, 86, 98122 Messina, TP, Italy
| | - María Paz Sal Moyano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Estación Costera J. J. Nágera, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Giovanni de Vincenzi
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Messina (IAMC-CNR), Spianata S. Raineri, 86, 98122 Messina, TP, Italy.
| | - Fernando Hidalgo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Estación Costera J. J. Nágera, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Virginia Sciacca
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Messina (IAMC-CNR), Spianata S. Raineri, 86, 98122 Messina, TP, Italy
| | - Maria Cielo Bazterrica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Estación Costera J. J. Nágera, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Valentina Corrias
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Messina (IAMC-CNR), Spianata S. Raineri, 86, 98122 Messina, TP, Italy
| | - Martìn Lorusso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Estación Costera J. J. Nágera, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Capo Granitola (IAMC-CNR), Via del Mare, 3, 91021 T.G. Campobello di Mazara, TP, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Buscaino
- National Research Council - Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Capo Granitola (IAMC-CNR), Via del Mare, 3, 91021 T.G. Campobello di Mazara, TP, Italy
| | - María Andrea Gavio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Estación Costera J. J. Nágera, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang L, Gao J, Gao X. Role for Transferrin in Triggering Apoptosis in Helicoverpa armigera Cells Treated with 2-Tridecanone. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11426-11431. [PMID: 30265533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2-Tridecanone, a plant allelochemical present in a large range of tomato species ( Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum), can induce the expression of Helicoverpa armigera transferrin ( HaTrf), which is necessary for insect growth and development. To gain further insight into the mechanism of HaTrf in response to 2-tridecanone, we measured the iron and H2O2 levels in the hemolymph during exposure to 2-tridecanone and then explored the effect of transferrin downregulation in a H. armigera fat body cell line exposed to 2-tridecanone. We found that the reduction of HaTrf levels via RNA interference caused rapid apoptotic cell death during exposure to 2-tridecanone. There have been no reports about transferrin genes related to apoptosis induced by plant allelochemicals. Our results indicate that HaTrf mediates the inhibition of apoptotic cell death during exposure to 2-tridecanone and provides insight into the importance of transferrin in the interaction between plants and insects.
Collapse
|
42
|
Namara LM, Griffin CT, Fitzpatrick D, Kavanagh K, Carolan JC. The effect of entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrate on the immune response and haemolymph proteome of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 101:1-13. [PMID: 30026094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The large pine weevil Hylobius abietis L. is a major forestry pest in 15 European countries, where it is a threat to 3.4 million hectares of forest. A cellular and proteomic analysis of the effect of culture filtrate of three entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) species on the immune system of H. abietis was performed. Injection with Metarhizium brunneum or Beauvaria bassiana culture filtrate facilitated a significantly increased yeast cell proliferation in larvae. Larvae co-injected with either Beauvaria caledonica or B. bassiana culture filtrate and Candida albicans showed significantly increased mortality. Together these results suggest that EPF culture filtrate has the potential to modulate the insect immune system allowing a subsequent pathogen to proliferate. Injection with EPF culture filtrate was shown to alter the abundance of protease inhibitors, detoxifing enzymes, antimicrobial peptides and proteins involved in reception/detection and development in H. abietis larvae. Larvae injected with B. caledonica culture filtrate displayed significant alterations in abundance of proteins involved in cellulolytic and other metabolic processes in their haemolymph proteome. Screening EPF for their ability to modulate the insect immune response represents a means of assessing EPF for use as biocontrol agents, particularly if the goal is to use them in combination with other control agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mc Namara
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Teagasc, Oak Park, Crop Research Centre, Co. Carlow, Ireland.
| | | | - David Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - James C Carolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pradeep Kumar R, John A, Kumar P, Dinesh Babu KV, Evans DA. Larvicidal efficacy of Adiantobischrysene from Adiantum latifolium against Oryctes rhinoceros through disrupting metamorphosis and impeding microbial mediated digestion. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1821-1828. [PMID: 29393564 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oryctes rhinoceros Linn. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a serious pest of coconuts and other palms. Symbiotic gut bacteria play significant roles in the digestion of cellulosic materials as well as in some other physiological processes essential for the existence of O. rhinoceros larvae. The study was undertaken to isolate a compound with antibacterial and larvicidal activities from the leaves of Adiantum latifolium Lam. following a bioassay-guided method. RESULTS Methanol extract (ME) of dry leaf powder of A. latifolium showed larvicidal activity against third-instar O. rhinoceros (LD50 , 5018 mg/kg) with antibacterial activity on its gut microbiota. An in vitro study showed the bacteria Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus lylae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Kocuria rosea, Burkholderia mallei, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. arlettae and Corynebacterium afermentans identified from the larval gut were sensitive to ME. Bioactivity-guided isolation of the compound by liquid-liquid extraction and column chromatography resulted in Adiantobischrysene which showed antibacterial and larvicidal activity (LD50 , 8.4 mg/kg) and led to weight loss and precocious metamorphosis in larvae. An enzyme immunoassay showed a large peak in 20-hydroxyecdysone that commits larvae to precocious metamorphosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the antibacterial and metamorphosis disrupting activity of Adiantobischrysene make it a natural pesticidal compound against O. rhinoceros. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil John
- Division of Phytochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zanni V, Değirmenci L, Annoscia D, Scheiner R, Nazzi F. The reduced brood nursing by mite-infested honey bees depends on their accelerated behavioral maturation. J Insect Physiol 2018; 109:47-54. [PMID: 29932950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The parasitic mite Varroa destructor is regarded as the most important parasite of honey bees and plays a fundamental role in the decline of bee colonies observed in the last decade in the Northern hemisphere. Parasitization has a number of detrimental effects on bees, including reduced nursing, which can have important impacts on colony balance. In this work we investigated at the individual level the causes of this abnormal behavior and found that the reduced nursing activity in mite-infested workers is associated with impaired learning performance and a series of physiological traits that are typical of foragers, including reduced response to brood pheromone, limited development of hypopharyngeal glands and higher juvenile hormone titre in the haemolymph. Altogether our data confirm the premature transition to foraging already postulated based on previous genomics studies, from a physiological point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Zanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - L Değirmenci
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D Annoscia
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - R Scheiner
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Nazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Springtails (Collembola) are ubiquitous and help ecosystem processes such as the decomposition of dead plant material. Their ability to survive low winter temperatures is an important trait that partly defines their geographic distribution. The cold tolerances of 15 laboratory-reared species of springtails were investigated. Springtails were cold acclimated in the laboratory over two months in order to simulate a seasonal change in temperature during autumn. Springtails were then exposed to decreasing sub-zero temperatures and at the same time simulating the moisture conditions in frozen soil. The cold tolerance of the species reflected well the climate of region of origin. Differential scanning calorimetry of individual springtails showed that melting points of body fluids did not become lower due to long-term cold acclimation (from 20° to 1.5°C). However, both water content and melting point of two arctic species (Hypogastrura viatica and Protaphorura macfadyeni) decreased drastically during exposure to sub-zero temperatures indicating cryoprotective dehydration (CPD). These arctic species survived exposure to - 9 °C for two weeks and - 20 °C for at least one week using CPD. Four other subarctic or cool temperate species also used CPD and survived - 9 °C for weeks, whereas springtails in culture from less cool temperate regions had poor cold tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holmstrup
- Section of Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xu R, Zheng X. Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in Octopus minor (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) under acute ammonia stress. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 60:76-81. [PMID: 29677639 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High concentration of ammonia is a common issue in the aquaculture industry and often causes detrimental effects to aquatic products. Exploring expression regulation of genes involved in acute ammonia stress can help to understand the molecular mechanisms of ammonia response. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) with proper reference genes is an effective way to normalize the expression of target genes. To identify the most suitable reference genes for Octopus minor (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Octopoda) under acute ammonia stress and the normal culturing, nine candidate genes were selected for the validation: OD, RPS18b, RPL29, RPS5, EF-1α, RPL6, AA4, ACT, TUB. The results showed that the stability of candidate genes varied considerably in gill, digestive gland, brain and hemolymph. Thus, the reference genes were determined separately in different tissues. RPS5 and RPL6 showed relatively high stability in gill, while RPL6, TUB, RPL29 and OD were four suitable reference genes in digestive gland. EF-1α, TUB and RPL6 were the best combination in brain and EF-1α and RPS18b were the most appropriate reference genes in hemolymph.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Qingdao, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Qingdao, Ministry of Education, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Steinagel AC, Burkhard MJ, Kuehnl KF, Thomas Watters G, Rajala-Schultz PJ, Valentine KH, Wolfe BA. Hematological and Biochemical Assessment of Two Species of Freshwater Mussels, Quadrula quadrula and Amblema plicata, Following Translocation. J Aquat Anim Health 2018; 30:119-129. [PMID: 29364539 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nondestructive, sublethal, and sensitive health monitoring tools are needed to assess the health of freshwater mussels (family Unionidae). Recent developments to standardize hemocyte characterization have assisted in the hematologic assessment of wild and captive freshwater mussels. In this study, preliminary baseline hematological reference ranges were established for wild mapleleaf mussels Quadrula quadrula (n = 14) and threeridge mussels Amblema plicata (n = 20) collected from the Muskingum River in Devola, Ohio. Mussels were collected from the wild, and hemolymph was sampled from each mussel in the field upon capture (baseline sample). They were then transported live to a propagation facility. Subsequent hemolymph samples were collected at 2 and 4 weeks and quarterly thereafter for 11 months following translocation. Hemocyte counts, hemocyte morphology, and hemolymph chemistry (Na+ , Cl- , Mg2+ , P3- , K+ , Ca2+ , glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase]) were measured from each sample on each sampling occasion. Hemocyte counts were consistently greater in Q. quadrula than in A. plicata following transfer to captivity. Baseline hemocyte morphology and hemolymph chemistry varied between species. This study provides a foundation of reference ranges for hemocyte characterization for Q. quadrula, and A. plicata and a preliminary understanding of how hemocyte character might be expected to change when wild mussels are translocated into captivity, and thus be a useful technique for monitoring the health of freshwater mussels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Steinagel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - M J Burkhard
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - K F Kuehnl
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43212, USA
| | - G Thomas Watters
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43212, USA
| | - P J Rajala-Schultz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - K H Valentine
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - B A Wolfe
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cao Q, Ouyang C, Zhong X, Li L. Profiling of small molecule metabolites and neurotransmitters in crustacean hemolymph and neuronal tissues using reversed-phase LC-MS/MS. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1241-1248. [PMID: 29579349 PMCID: PMC7382969 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crustaceans have been long used as model animals for neuromodulation studies because of their well-defined neural circuitry. The identification of small molecule metabolites and signaling molecules in circulating fluids and neuronal tissues presents unique challenges due to their diverse structures, biological functions, and wide range of concentrations. LC combined with high resolution MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools to uncover endogenous small molecules. Here we explored several sample preparation techniques (solid-phase extraction and denaturing) and MS data acquisition strategies (data-dependent acquisition and targeted MS2-based acquisition) that provided complementary coverage and improved overall identification rate in C18 LC-MS/MS experiment. By MS/MS spectral matching with mzCloud database and those generated from standard compounds, a total of 129 small molecule metabolites and neurotransmitters were identified from crustacean hemolymph and neuronal tissues. These confidently identified small molecules covered predominant biosynthetic pathways for major neurotransmitters, validating the effectiveness of the high-throughput RPLC-MS/MS approach in studying the metabolism of neurotransmitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinjingwen Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Chuanzi Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Xuefei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
O'Neill MA, Denos M, Reed D. Using SDS-PAGE gel fingerprinting to identify soft-bodied wood-boring insect larvae to species. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:705-714. [PMID: 29044963 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes the progress that we have made in assessing the feasibility of 'fingerprinting' using imaged SDS-PAGE gels of haemolymph proteins, to identify soft-bodied wood-boring insect larvae such as the Asian longhorn beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motscholsky, 1853) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Because of stringent import restrictions and difficulty in obtaining licences to work with these organisms, we opted to work with four species of scarab beetle, Mecynorhina polyphemus (Fabricius, 1781), Pachnoda sinuata (Fabricius, 1775), Eucidella shiratica (Csiki, 1909) and Eucidella shultzeorum (Kolbe, 1906) which have near identical larval morphologies. RESULTS We show that this technology when combined with an advanced pattern matching system (Digital Automated Identification SYstem - DAISY) can classify soft-bodied insect larvae that are almost identical morphologically to species at a level of accuracy is in excess of 98%. The study also indicates that the technology copes well with noisy data and small training sets. CONCLUSION The experience gained in undertaking this study gives us confidence that we will be able to develop a field deployable system in the medium term. We believe that as a high-throughput identification tool, this technology is superior to competitor technologies (e.g. fingerprinting of imaged DNA gels) in terms of speed, cost and ease of use; and therefore, is suitable for low-cost deployment in the field. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Denos
- Tumbling Dice Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fitzgibbon QP, Day RD, McCauley RD, Simon CJ, Semmens JM. The impact of seismic air gun exposure on the haemolymph physiology and nutritional condition of spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 125:146-156. [PMID: 28807415 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical knowledge gap regarding the impacts of seismic air gun signals on the physiology of adult crustaceans. We conducted four controlled field experiments to examine the impact of seismic acoustic signals on spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Seismic air gun exposure suppressed total haemocyte count (THC) for up to 120days post-exposure, suggesting a chronic negative impact of immune competency. THC levels after 365days post-exposure, were elevated two fold, potentially indicating an immune response to infection. Haemolymph refractive index was reduced after 120days post exposure in one experiment, suggesting a chronic impairment of nutritional condition. There was no effect of air gun exposure on 24 haemolymph biochemical parameters, hepatopancreas index or survival. Collectively these results indicate that the biochemical haematological homeostasis of J. edwardsii is reasonably resilient to seismic acoustic signals, however, air gun exposure may negatively influence the lobster's nutritional condition and immunological capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, University Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Ryan D Day
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, University Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Robert D McCauley
- Centre Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cedric J Simon
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, University Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jayson M Semmens
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, University Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|