1
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He PL, Hatsagortsyan KZ, Keitel CH. Double-Slit Interference in the Ion Dynamics of Dissociative Photoionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:013201. [PMID: 37478442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The ion momentum distribution in the x-ray-induced dissociative photoionization of molecules is investigated, treating the ionization analytically under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and simulating numerically the ion motion via the Schrödinger equation. The ion-photoelectron entanglement transfers information of the electronic interference to the ion dynamics. As a consequence, the ion momentum distributions of dissociative molecular photoionization present Young's double-slit interference when the photoelectron emission angle is fixed. We demonstrate that double-slit interference signatures persist in the ion longitudinal momentum shift even when the information of the correlated photoelectron is lost, which is the case for heteronuclear molecules when an additional photoelectron recoil momentum arises due to the different ion masses. For the case of sequential double ionization, we show that double-slit interference in the ion dynamics can be utilized for coherent control of the molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun He
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Probing Atomic ‘Quantum Grating’ by Collisions with Charged Particles. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The wave function of an atom, which passed through a diffraction grating, is characterized by a regular space structure. Correspondingly, the interaction of another particle with this atom can be viewed as scattering on an ‘atomic quantum grating’ made of just a single atom. Probing this ‘grating’ by collisions with a charged projectile reveals few-body interference phenomena caused by the coherent contributions of its ‘slits’ to the transition amplitude (the superposition principle) and quantum entanglement of the particles involved. In particular, the spectra of electrons emitted from the atom in collisions with swift ions exhibit a pronounced interference pattern whose shape can be extremely sensitive to the collision velocity.
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3
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Karnieli A, Rivera N, Arie A, Kaminer I. Superradiance and Subradiance due to Quantum Interference of Entangled Free Electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:060403. [PMID: 34420316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When multiple quantum emitters radiate, their emission rate may be enhanced or suppressed due to collective interference in a process known as super- or subradiance. Such processes are well known to occur also in light emission from free electrons, known as coherent cathodoluminescence. Unlike atomic systems, free electrons have an unbounded energy spectrum, and, thus, all their emission mechanisms rely on electron recoil, in addition to the classical properties of the dielectric medium. To date, all experimental and theoretical studies of super- and subradiance from free electrons assumed only classical correlations between particles. However, dependence on quantum correlations, such as entanglement between free electrons, has not been studied. Recent advances in coherent shaping of free-electron wave functions motivate the investigation of such quantum regimes of super- and subradiance. In this Letter, we show how a pair of coincident path-entangled electrons can demonstrate either super- or subradiant light emission, depending on the two-particle wave function. By choosing different free-electron Bell states, the spectrum and emission pattern of the light can be reshaped, in a manner that cannot be accounted for by a classical mixed state. We show these results for light emission in any optical medium and discuss their generalization to many-body quantum states. Our findings suggest that light emission can be sensitive to the explicit quantum state of the emitting matter wave and possibly serve as a nondestructive measurement scheme for measuring the quantum state of many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Karnieli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ady Arie
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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4
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Grundmann S, Trabert D, Fehre K, Strenger N, Pier A, Kaiser L, Kircher M, Weller M, Eckart S, Schmidt LPH, Trinter F, Jahnke T, Schöffler MS, Dörner R. Zeptosecond birth time delay in molecular photoionization. Science 2020; 370:339-341. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization is one of the fundamental light-matter interaction
processes in which the absorption of a photon launches the escape of an
electron. The time scale of this process poses many open questions.
Experiments have found time delays in the attosecond
(10−18 seconds) domain between electron ejection
from different orbitals, from different electronic bands, or in different
directions. Here, we demonstrate that, across a molecular orbital, the
electron is not launched at the same time. Rather, the birth time depends on
the travel time of the photon across the molecule, which is 247 zeptoseconds
(1 zeptosecond = 10−21 seconds) for the average bond
length of molecular hydrogen. Using an electron interferometric technique,
we resolve this birth time delay between electron emission from the two
centers of the hydrogen molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Grundmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Trabert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kilian Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nico Strenger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Pier
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leon Kaiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Max Kircher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Miriam Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lothar Ph. H. Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus S. Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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He PL, Zhang ZH, He F. Young's Double-Slit Interference in a Hydrogen Atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:163201. [PMID: 32383919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the possibility of realizing Young's double-slit interference in a hydrogen atom via ab initio simulations. By exposing the hydrogen atom to a high-frequency intensive laser pulse, the bound state distorts into a dichotomic Kramers-Henneberger state whose photoelectron momentum distribution imprints a double-slit interference structure. The dichotomic hydrogen atom presents molecular peculiarities, such as charge-resonance enhanced ionization, electron spin flipping due to the non-Abelian Berry phase. In return, the photoelectron momentum distribution carrying the double-slit interference structure provides unambiguous evidence on the existence of Kramers-Henneberger states, and thus the adiabatic stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai, 201800, China
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6
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Preiss PM, Becher JH, Klemt R, Klinkhamer V, Bergschneider A, Defenu N, Jochim S. High-Contrast Interference of Ultracold Fermions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:143602. [PMID: 31050463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many-body interference between indistinguishable particles can give rise to strong correlations rooted in quantum statistics. We study such Hanbury Brown-Twiss-type correlations for number states of ultracold massive fermions. Using deterministically prepared ^{6}Li atoms in optical tweezers, we measure momentum correlations using a single-atom sensitive time-of-flight imaging scheme. The experiment combines on-demand state preparation of highly indistinguishable particles with high-fidelity detection, giving access to two- and three-body correlations in fields of fixed fermionic particle number. We find that pairs of atoms interfere with a contrast close to 80%. We show that second-order density correlations arise from contributions from all two-particle pairs and detect intrinsic third-order correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Preiss
- Physics Institute, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Klemt
- Physics Institute, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicolò Defenu
- Physics Institute, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selim Jochim
- Physics Institute, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Kunitski M, Eicke N, Huber P, Köhler J, Zeller S, Voigtsberger J, Schlott N, Henrichs K, Sann H, Trinter F, Schmidt LPH, Kalinin A, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Lein M, Dörner R. Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of the neon dimer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1. [PMID: 30602773 PMCID: PMC6315036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4339] [Impact Index Per Article: 867.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wave-particle duality is an inherent peculiarity of the quantum world. The double-slit experiment has been frequently used for understanding different aspects of this fundamental concept. The occurrence of interference rests on the lack of which-way information and on the absence of decoherence mechanisms, which could scramble the wave fronts. Here, we report on the observation of two-center interference in the molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distribution upon ionization of the neon dimer by a strong laser field. Postselection of ions, which are measured in coincidence with electrons, allows choosing the symmetry of the residual ion, leading to observation of both, gerade and ungerade, types of interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Eicke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pia Huber
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Köhler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Voigtsberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nikolai Schlott
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Henrichs
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Sann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lothar Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anton Kalinin
- GSI-Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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8
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Waitz M, Bello RY, Metz D, Lower J, Trinter F, Schober C, Keiling M, Lenz U, Pitzer M, Mertens K, Martins M, Viefhaus J, Klumpp S, Weber T, Schmidt LPH, Williams JB, Schöffler MS, Serov VV, Kheifets AS, Argenti L, Palacios A, Martín F, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Imaging the square of the correlated two-electron wave function of a hydrogen molecule. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2266. [PMID: 29273745 PMCID: PMC5741688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The toolbox for imaging molecules is well-equipped today. Some techniques visualize the geometrical structure, others the electron density or electron orbitals. Molecules are many-body systems for which the correlation between the constituents is decisive and the spatial and the momentum distribution of one electron depends on those of the other electrons and the nuclei. Such correlations have escaped direct observation by imaging techniques so far. Here, we implement an imaging scheme which visualizes correlations between electrons by coincident detection of the reaction fragments after high energy photofragmentation. With this technique, we examine the H2 two-electron wave function in which electron–electron correlation beyond the mean-field level is prominent. We visualize the dependence of the wave function on the internuclear distance. High energy photoelectrons are shown to be a powerful tool for molecular imaging. Our study paves the way for future time resolved correlation imaging at FELs and laser based X-ray sources. Electron-electron correlation is a complex and interesting phenomenon that occurs in multi-electron systems. Here, the authors demonstrate the imaging of the correlated two-electron wave function in hydrogen molecule using the coincident detection of the electron and proton after the photoionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Y Bello
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Metz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Lower
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Schober
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Keiling
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U Lenz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Pitzer
- Universität Kassel, Heinr.-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - K Mertens
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Viefhaus
- FS-PE, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Klumpp
- FS-FLASH-D, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - V V Serov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - A S Kheifets
- Research School of Physical Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - L Argenti
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physics and CREOL College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - A Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martín
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Madrileo de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
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9
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Dussarrat P, Perrier M, Imanaliev A, Lopes R, Aspect A, Cheneau M, Boiron D, Westbrook CI. Two-Particle Four-Mode Interferometer for Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:173202. [PMID: 29219424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.173202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a free-space interferometer to observe two-particle interference of a pair of atoms with entangled momenta. The source of atom pairs is a Bose-Einstein condensate subject to a dynamical instability, and the interferometer is realized using Bragg diffraction on optical lattices, in the spirit of our recent Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment. We report on an observation ruling out the possibility of a purely mixed state at the input of the interferometer. We explain how our current setup can be extended to enable a test of a Bell inequality on momentum observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dussarrat
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Maxime Perrier
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Almazbek Imanaliev
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Lopes
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Aspect
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Marc Cheneau
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Denis Boiron
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Christoph I Westbrook
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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