1
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Shi Z, Wu P, Xi H, You T, Gao Y, Yin P. Exploring the surface plasmon catalytic reactions mechanism by three-phase interface modification combining with in-situ EC-SERS methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123834. [PMID: 38198990 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is a novel catalytic technique that has emerged in recent years, especially in the catalysis of aromatic amine compounds. However, the response process and mechanism are still unclear in current study. In the current field of study, the response process and mechanism are still unclear. In this work, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase interface (GLSTI) was innovatively utilized in this study to validate the reaction mechanism by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. P-Aminothiophenol (PATP) and P-Phenylenediamine (PDA) underwent a surface plasmon-catalyzed reaction by using a silver nano-dendrites substrate with strong SERS activity. The GLSTI significantly facilitates the occurrence of surface plasmon catalytic reactions, which can supply enough oxygen by providing three-phase points. In situ SERS and EC-SERS technologies were combined in this study for the explorations. Therefore, this work is dedicated to deepening the exploration and expanding into new directions in plasmon-induced catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Shi
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongyan Xi
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tingting You
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yukun Gao
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Penggang Yin
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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2
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Schmid J, Armstrong T, Dickhardt FJ, Iqbal SKR, Schutzius TM. Imparting scalephobicity with rational microtexturing of soft materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj0324. [PMID: 38117897 PMCID: PMC10732533 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization fouling, a process where scale forms on surfaces, is widespread in nature and technology, negatively affecting energy and water industries. Despite the effort, rationally designed surfaces that are intrinsically resistant to it remain elusive, due in part to a lack of understanding of how microfoulants deposit and adhere in dynamic aqueous environments. Here, we show that rational tuning of coating compliance and wettability works synergistically with microtexture to enhance microfoulant repellency, characterized by low adhesion and high removal efficiency of numerous individual microparticles and tenacious crystallites in a flowing water environment. We study the microfoulant interfacial dynamics in situ using a micro-scanning fluid dynamic gauge system, elucidate the removal mechanisms, and rationalize the behavior with a shear adhesive moment model. We then demonstrate a rationally developed coating that can remove 98% of deposits under shear flow conditions, 66% better than rigid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schmid
- Laboratory for Multiphase Thermofluidics and Surface Nanoengineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Armstrong
- Laboratory for Multiphase Thermofluidics and Surface Nanoengineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian J. Dickhardt
- Laboratory for Multiphase Thermofluidics and Surface Nanoengineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - SK Rameez Iqbal
- Laboratory for Multiphase Thermofluidics and Surface Nanoengineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Schutzius
- Laboratory for Multiphase Thermofluidics and Surface Nanoengineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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3
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Nosrati A, Mohammadshahi S, Raessi M, Ling H. Impact of the Undersaturation Level on the Longevity of Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Stationary Liquids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 38011263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the longevity of superhydrophobic surface (SHS) induced by diffusive gas transfer has been extensively studied, the scaling relation between SHS longevity and undersaturation level of the liquid is still an open question. In this study, we address this question by performing experiments where the plastron decay is visualized by a nonintrusive optical technique based on light reflection, the gas diffusion is introduced by using liquid with low dissolved gas concentrations, and the SHS longevity is measured based on the status of gas on the entire surface. We find that the SHS longevity (tf) follows a scaling relation: tf ∼ (1 - s)-2, where s is the ratio of the gas concentration in liquid to that in the plastron. This scaling relation implies that as the gas is dissolving into the liquid, mass flux J reduces with time as J ∼ t-0.5. Furthermore, we find that the diffusion length LD reduces as the undersaturation level increases, following the scaling relation of LD ∼ (1 - s)-1. Lastly, we show that an SHS with a greater texture depth has a longer longevity and a larger LD. Our results provide a better understanding of SHS longevity in undersaturated liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nosrati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Shabnam Mohammadshahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Mehdi Raessi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Hangjian Ling
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
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4
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Tian N, Wei J, Zhang J. Design of Waterborne Superhydrophobic Fabrics with High Impalement Resistance and Stretching Stability by Constructing Elastic Reconfigurable Micro-/Micro-/Nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6556-6567. [PMID: 37117159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic fabrics have great application potential in many fields including wearable electronic devices, sports textiles, and human health monitoring, but good water impalement resistance and stretching stability are the prerequisites. Here, we report the design of waterborne superhydrophobic fabrics with high impalement resistance and stretching stability by constructing elastic reconfigurable micro-/micro-/nanostructures. Following theoretical analysis, two approaches were proposed and employed: (i) regulating distance between the microfibers of polyester fabrics to decrease the solid-liquid contact area, and (ii) forming reconfigurable two-tier hierarchical micro-/nanostructures on the microfibers by stretching during dipping to further decrease the solid-liquid contact area. The effects of microfiber distance and micro-/nanostructures on microfibers on superhydrophobicity and impalement resistance were studied. The superhydrophobic fabrics show excellent impalement resistance as verified by high-speed water impact, water jetting, and rainfall, etc. The fabrics also show excellent stretching stability, as 100% stretching and 1000 cycles of cyclic 100% stretching-releasing have no obvious influence on superhydrophobicity. Additionally, the fabrics show good antifouling property, self-cleaning performance, as well as high abrasion and washing stability. The experimental results agree with the theoretical simulation very well. We anticipate that this study will boost the development of impalement-resistant and stretching-stable superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tian
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinfei Wei
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Center of Eco-Material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Han X, Liu J, Wang M, Upmanyu M, Wang H. Second-Level Microgroove Convexity is Critical for Air Plastron Restoration on Immersed Hierarchical Superhydrophobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52524-52534. [PMID: 36373889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air plastrons trapped on the surfaces of underwater superhydrophobic surfaces are critical for their function. Fibrillar morphologies offer a natural pathway, yet they are limited to a narrow range of liquid-surface systems and are vulnerable to pressure fluctuations that irreversibly destroy the air layer plastron. Inspired by the convexly grooved bases of water fern (Salvinia) leaves that support their fibrous outgrowths, we focus on the effect of such second-level grooved structures or microgrooves on the plastron restoration on immersed three-dimensional (3D)-printed hierarchical surfaces. Elliptical, interconnected microgrooves are fabricated with varying surface curvatures to study the effect of their morphology. Immersion experiments reveal that the convex groove curvature stabilizes a seed gas layer (SGL) that facilitates plastron restoration for all immersed hydrophobic surfaces. Theoretical calculations and atomic-scale computations reveal that the SGL storage capacity that sets the SGL robustness follows from the liquid menisci adaption to the groove geometry and pressure, from micro- to nanoscales, and it can be further tuned using separated grooves. Our study highlights groove convexity as a key morphological feature for the design of second-level architectures for underwater air plastron restoration on hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
| | - Moneesh Upmanyu
- Group for Simulation and Theory of Atomic-Scale Material Phenomena (stAMP), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
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6
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Rawlinson JM, Cox HJ, Hopkins G, Cahill P, Badyal JPS. Nature-Inspired Trapped Air Cushion Surfaces for Environmentally Sustainable Antibiofouling. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Yan H, Zhang W, Cui Y, Qian F, Wei D, Guo P, Jiao K, Huang J, Wang Q, Zhao C. Durable drag reduction and anti-corrosion for liquid flows inside lubricant-infused aluminum/copper capillaries. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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SAMAH W, CLAIN P, RIOUAL F, FOURNAISON L, DELAHAYE A. Experimental investigation on the wetting behavior of a superhydrophobic surface under controlled temperature and humidity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Wang T, Wang Z. Liquid-Repellent Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9073-9084. [PMID: 35857533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces are vibrant sites for various activities with environments, especially as the transfer station for mass and energy exchange. In nature, natural creatures exhibit special wetting and interfacial properties such as water repellency and water affinity to adapt to various environmental challenges by taking advantage of air or liquid infusion media. Inspired by natural surfaces, various engineered liquid-repellent surfaces have been developed with a wide range of applications in both open and closed underwater environments. In particular, underwater conditions are characterized by high viscosity, high pressure, and complex compositions, which pose more challenges for the design of robust and functional repellent surfaces. In this Perspective, we take a parallel approach to introduce two classical liquid-repellent surfaces: an air-infused repellent surface and a lubricated liquid-repellent surface. Then we highlight fundamental challenges and design configurations of robust liquid-repellent surfaces both in air and underwater. We summarize the advantages and drawbacks of two kinds of repellent surfaces and list several applications of liquid-repellent surfaces for use in the ocean, medical care, and energy harvesting. Finally, we provide an outlook of research directions for robust liquid-repellent surfaces.
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10
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Chen F, Wang Y, Tian Y, Zhang D, Song J, Crick CR, Carmalt CJ, Parkin IP, Lu Y. Robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8476-8583. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive summary of characterization, design, fabrication, and application of robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faze Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yanling Tian
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinlong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Colin R. Crick
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Claire J. Carmalt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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11
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Huang Z, Zhao Z, Zhao S, Cai X, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Li H, Li Z, Su M, Zhang C, Pan Y, Song Y, Yang J. Lotus Metasurface for Wide-Angle Intermediate-Frequency Water-Air Acoustic Transmission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53242-53251. [PMID: 34704730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Only 0.1% of the acoustic energy can transmit across the water-air interface because of the huge acoustic impedance mismatch. Enhancing acoustic transmission across the water-air interface is of great significance for sonar communications and sensing. However, due to the interface instability and subwavelength characteristics of acoustic metamaterials, wide-angle intermediate-frequency (10 kHz-100 kHz) water-air acoustic transmission remains a great challenge. Here, we demonstrate that the lotus leaf is a natural low-cost acoustic transmission metasurface, namely, the lotus acoustic metasurface (LAM). Experiments demonstrate the LAM can enhance the acoustic transmission across the water-air interface, with an energy transmission coefficient of about 40% at 28 kHz. Furthermore, by fabricating artificial LAMs, the operating frequencies can be flexibly adjusted. Also, the LAM allows a wide-angle water-to-air acoustic transmission. It will enable various promising applications, such as detecting and imaging underwater objects from the air, communicating between ocean and atmosphere, reducing ocean noises, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shengdong Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- Institute of Mechanics for Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Zheren Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huizeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuanzeng Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Yaozong Pan
- Qingdao Branch of Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266114, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
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12
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Mehanna YA, Sadler E, Upton RL, Kempchinsky AG, Lu Y, Crick CR. The challenges, achievements and applications of submersible superhydrophobic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6569-6612. [PMID: 33889879 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic materials have been widely reported throughout the scientific literature. Their properties originate from a highly rough morphology and inherently water repellent surface chemistry. Despite promising an array of functionalities, these materials have seen limited commercial development. This could be attributed to many factors, like material compatibility, low physical resilience, scaling-up complications, etc. In applications where persistent water contact is required, another limitation arises as a major concern, which is the stability of the air layer trapped at the surface when submerged or impacted by water. This review is aimed at examining the diverse array of research focused on monitoring/improving air layer stability, and highlighting the most successful approaches. The reported complexity of monitoring and enhancing air layer stability, in conjunction with the variety of approaches adopted, results in an assortment of suggested routes to achieving success. The review is addressing the challenge of finding a balance between maximising water repulsion and incorporating structures that protect air pockets from removal, along with challenges related to the variant approaches to testing air-layer stability across the research field, and the gap between the achieved progress and the required performance in real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Mehanna
- Materials Innovation Factory, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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13
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Zhao B, Jia Y, Xu Y, Bonaccurso E, Deng X, Auernhammer GK, Chen L. What Can Probing Liquid-Air Menisci Inside Nanopores Teach Us About Macroscopic Wetting Phenomena? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6897-6905. [PMID: 33523651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid surfaces with excellent nonwetting ability have drawn significant interest from interfacial scientists and engineers. While much effort was devoted to investigating macroscopic wetting phenomena on nonwetting surfaces, the otherwise microscopic wetting has received less attention, and the surface/interface properties at the microscopic scale are not well resolved and correlated with the macroscopic wetting behavior. Herein, we first characterize the nanoscopic morphology and effective stiffness of liquid-air interfaces inside nanopores (nanomenisci) on diverse nonwetting nanoporous surfaces underneath water droplets using atomic force microscopy. Detailed three-dimensional imaging of the droplet-surface contact region reveals that water only slightly penetrates into the nanopores, allowing for quantitative prediction of the macroscopic contact angle using the Cassie-Baxter model. By gradually increasing the scanning force, we observe incrementally wetting of nanopores by water, and dewetting occurs when the force is lowered again, exhibiting reversible wetting-dewetting transitions. Further, nanoindentation measurements demonstrate that the nanomenisci show apparent elastic deformation and size-dependent effective stiffness at small indenting forces. Finally, we correlate the effective stiffness of the nanomenisci with the transition from complete rebound to partial rebound for impinging droplets on nanoporous surfaces. Our study suggests that probing the physical properties of the liquid-air menisci at the nanoscale is essential to rationalize macroscopic static and dynamic wetting phenomena on structured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Zhao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Youquan Jia
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | | | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Longquan Chen
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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14
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Iwamatsu M. Free-energy landscapes of intrusion and extrusion of liquid in truncated and inverted truncated conical pores: Implications for the Cassie-Baxter to Wenzel transition. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:052801. [PMID: 33327066 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.052801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As the simplest model of transition between the superhydrophobic Cassie-Baxter (CB) and Wenzel (W) states of a macroscopic droplet sitting on a microscopically rough or corrugated substrate, a substrate whose surface is covered by identical truncated or inverted truncated conical pores is considered. The free-energy landscapes of the intrusion and extrusion processes of a liquid into single pore are analyzed when the liquid is compressed or stretched so that the liquid phase is either stable or metastable relative to the vapor phase. Therefore, this model is also relevant to the stability of the superhydrophobic submerged substrates. In this study, the macroscopic classical capillary theory is adopted. Even within this simplified model, two simple geometries of truncated and inverted truncated cones lead to completely different free-energy landscapes. A simple criterion for the stability of the CB state based on Laplace pressure is shown not to be sufficient to understand the destruction and recovery of the CB state. The free-energy landscapes indicate that a gradual and an abrupt destruction of CB state is possible, which depends on the orientation of the conical pore and whether the liquid is compressed or stretched. The extensions of these theoretical results to more complex geometries are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Iwamatsu
- Tokyo City University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
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15
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Superrepellency of underwater hierarchical structures on Salvinia leaf. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2282-2287. [PMID: 31964812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900015117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces display many excellent underwater functionalities, which attribute to the slippery air mattress trapped in the structures on the surface. However, the air mattress is easy to collapse due to various disturbances, leading to the fully wetted Wenzel state, while the water filling the microstructures is difficult to be repelled to completely recover the air mattress even on superhydrophobic surfaces like lotus leaves. Beyond superhydrophobicity, here we find that the floating fern, Salvinia molesta, has the superrepellent capability to efficiently replace the water in the microstructures with air and robustly recover the continuous air mattress. The hierarchical structures on the leaf surface are demonstrated to be crucial to the recovery. The interconnected wedge-shaped grooves between epidermal cells are key to the spontaneous spreading of air over the entire leaf governed by a gas wicking effect to form a thin air film, which provides a base for the later growth of the air mattress in thickness synchronously along the hairy structures. Inspired by nature, biomimetic artificial Salvinia surfaces are fabricated using 3D printing technology, which successfully achieves a complete recovery of a continuous air mattress to exactly imitate the superrepellent capability of Salvinia leaves. This finding will benefit the design principles of water-repellent materials and expand their underwater applications, especially in extreme environments.
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16
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Marchio S, Meloni S, Giacomello A, Casciola CM. Wetting and recovery of nano-patterned surfaces beyond the classical picture. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21458-21470. [PMID: 31686077 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic (nano)textured surfaces, also known as superhydrophobic surfaces, have a wide range of technological applications, including in the self-cleaning, anti-moisture, anti-icing, anti-fogging and friction/drag reduction fields, and many more. The accidental complete wetting of surface textures, which destroys superhydrophobicity, and the opposite process of recovery are two crucial processes that can prevent or enable the technological applications mentioned before. Understanding these processes is key to designing surfaces with tailored wetting and recovery properties. However, recent experiments have suggested that the currently available theories are insufficient for describing the observed phenomena. In this work we offer a dynamic picture of these processes beyond the state of the art showing that the key ingredient determining the experimental behavior is the inertia of the liquid in the wetting and dewetting processes, which is neglected in microscopic and macroscopic quasi-static theories inspired by the classical nucleation theory. The present findings are also important for other related phenomena, such as heterogeneous cavitation, where vapor/gas bubbles form at surface asperities, condensation, dynamics of the triple line, micelle formation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marchio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Simone Meloni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy. and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (DipSCF), Universitá degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alberto Giacomello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Massimo Casciola
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
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17
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Lee SJ, Kim HN, Choi W, Yoon GY, Seo E. A nature-inspired lubricant-infused surface for sustainable drag reduction. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8459-8467. [PMID: 31553020 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01576k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of frictional drag exerted on submerged marine vehicles results in considerable economic and environmental benefits. A lubricant-infused surface (LIS) inspired by Nepenthes pitcher was introduced as an emerging surface technology for substantial frictional drag reduction. However, the LIS easily loses its drag-reduction ability because the lubricant is easily depleted by shear stresses of external flow. In this study, a new biomimetic LIS with a unique surface topography is proposed to increase the sustainability of the infused lubricant. This biomimetic LIS has re-entrant shaped cavities in the surface, inspired by the mucus secretion and storage systems of loach, hagfish, and seaweed, whose skin can sustain slippery mucus layers even under continuous exposure to harsh seawater flow conditions. The slippery characteristics and enhanced sustainability of the biomimetic LIS were investigated by directly measurement of the slip length and pressure loss in channel flow over the LIS. The frictional drag reduction efficiency of the biomimetic LIS was measured to be approximately 18% compared with the corresponding no-slip surface. Moreover, the excellent sustainability of the biomimetic LIS was demonstrated by comparing the drag-reduction abilities before and after exposure to a high shear flow. The high durability might be attributed to the re-entrant shaped surface topography of the biomimetic LIS. The present results would provide insights into the design of a robust and sustainable LIS for practical drag reduction applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
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18
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Pinchasik BE, Schönfeld F, Kappl M, Butt HJ. Bubbles nucleating on superhydrophobic micropillar arrays under flow. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8175-8183. [PMID: 31596303 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When a supersaturated aqueous solution flows over a microstructured, hydrophobic surface, bubbles tend to nucleate. Here, we control heterogeneous nucleation of gas bubbles from supersaturated CO2 solution. By designing the shape, size, and arrangement of hydrophobic micropillars and by adjusting the flow we obtain uniform nucleation patterns. It is possible to selectively turn nucleation on and off. We use laser scanning confocal microscopy to resolve nucleation in early stages at the micropillar-substrate intersection. Numerical simulations show a correlation between minute pressure drops behind micropillars and nucleation sites. Bubbles nucleate uniformly behind pillars of the same size. The flow profile further contributes to the uniform growth of the bubbles. We control heterogeneous nucleation by varying micropillar geometry or size, flow direction and rate. While nucleation behind square pillars is independent of the flow direction, nucleation behind round micropillars is coupled with the direction. Nucleation behind triangular micropillars is bifurcated. These observations pave the way for the replenishment of the gas layer entrapped in between hydrophobic surface features, needed for superhydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-El Pinchasik
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Tel-Aviv University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | | | - Michael Kappl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Giacomello A, Schimmele L, Dietrich S, Tasinkevych M. Recovering superhydrophobicity in nanoscale and macroscale surface textures. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7462-7471. [PMID: 31512709 PMCID: PMC8751625 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigate the complete drying of hydrophobic cavities in order to elucidate the dependence of drying on the size, the geometry, and the degree of hydrophobicity of the confinement. Two complementary theoretical approaches are adopted: a macroscopic one based on classical capillarity and a microscopic classical density functional theory. This combination allows us to pinpoint unique drying mechanisms at the nanoscale and to clearly differentiate them from the mechanisms operational at the macroscale. Nanoscale hydrophobic cavities allow the thermodynamic destabilization of the confined liquid phase over an unexpectedly broad range of conditions, including pressures as large as 10 MPa and contact angles close to 90°. On the other hand, for cavities on the micron scale, such destabilization occurs only for much larger contact angles and close to liquid-vapor coexistence. These scale-dependent drying mechanisms are used to propose design criteria for hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces capable of spontaneous self-recovery over a broad range of operating conditions. In particular, we detail the requirements under which it is possible to realize perpetual superhydrophobicity at positive pressures on surfaces with micron-sized textures by exploiting drying, facilitated by nanoscale coatings. Concerning the issue of superhydrophobicity, these findings indicate a promising direction both for surface fabrication and for the experimental characterization of perpetual surperhydrophobicity. From a more basic perspective, the present results have an echo on a wealth of biological problems in which hydrophobic confinement induces drying, such as in protein folding, molecular recognition, and hydrophobic gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Giacomello
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, 00184 Rome, Italy. and Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lothar Schimmele
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Siegfried Dietrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany and IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mykola Tasinkevych
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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Arunachalam S, Das R, Nauruzbayeva J, Domingues EM, Mishra H. Assessing omniphobicity by immersion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 534:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Ou JF, Fang XZ, Zhao WJ, Lei S, Xue MS, Wang FJ, Li CQ, Lu YL, Li W. Influence of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Corrosion Behavior of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Bare and Oxidized Aluminum Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5807-5812. [PMID: 29694782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that superhydrophobic surfaces in water may be used for corrosion resistance due to the entrapped air in the solid/liquid interface and could find potential applications in the protection of ship hull. For a superhydrophobic surface, as its immersion depth into water increases, the resultant hydrostatic pressure is also increased, and the entrapped air can be squeezed out much more easily. It is therefore predicted that high hydrostatic pressure would cause an unexpected decrease in corrosion resistance for the vessels in deep water (e.g., submarines) because of the unstable entrapped air. In this work, in order to clarify the role of hydrostatic pressure in the corrosion behavior of superhydrophobic surfaces, two typical superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) were prepared on bare and oxidized aluminum substrates, respectively, and then were immersed into the NaCl aqueous solutions with different depths of ∼0 cm (hydrostatic pressure ∼0 kPa), 10 cm (1 kPa), and 150 cm (15 kPa). It was found out for the SHSs on the oxidized Al, as the hydrostatic pressure increased, the corrosion behavior became severe. However, for the SHSs on the bare Al, their corrosion behavior was complex due to hydrostatic pressure. It was found that the corrosion resistance under 1 kPa was the highest. Further mechanism analysis revealed that this alleviated corrosion behavior under 1 kPa resulted from suppressing the oxygen diffusion through the liquid and reducing the subsequent corrosion rate as compared with 0 kPa, whereas the relatively low hydrostatic pressure (HP) could stabilize the entrapped air and hence enhance the corrosion resistance, compared with 15 kPa. The present study therefore provided a fundamental understanding for the applications of SHSs to prevent the corrosion, especially for various vessels in deep water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ou
- School of Materials and Engineering , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - X Z Fang
- School of Materials and Engineering , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - W J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science , Ningbo 315201 , P. R. China
| | - S Lei
- School of Materials and Engineering , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - M S Xue
- School of Materials and Engineering , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - F J Wang
- School of Materials and Engineering , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - C Q Li
- School of Materials and Engineering , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - Y L Lu
- School of Materials and Engineering , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
| | - W Li
- School of Materials and Engineering , Jiangsu University of Technology , Changzhou 213001 , P. R. China
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