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Stevenson I, Lam AZ, Bigagli N, Warner C, Yuan W, Zhang S, Will S. Ultracold Gas of Dipolar NaCs Ground State Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:113002. [PMID: 37001095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on the creation of bosonic NaCs molecules in their absolute rovibrational ground state via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We create ultracold gases with up to 22 000 dipolar NaCs molecules at a temperature of 300(50) nK and a peak density of 1.0(4)×10^{12} cm^{-3}. We demonstrate comprehensive quantum state control by preparing the molecules in a specific electronic, vibrational, rotational, and hyperfine state. We measure the ground state ac polarizability at 1064 nm along with the two-body loss rate, which we find to be universal. Employing the tunability and strength of the permanent electric dipole moment of NaCs, we induce dipole moments of up to 2.6 D at a dc electric field of 2.1(2) kV/cm and demonstrate strong microwave coupling between the two lowest rotational states with a Rabi frequency of 2π×45 MHz. A large electric dipole moment, accessible at relatively small electric fields, makes ultracold gases of NaCs molecules well suited for the exploration of strongly interacting phases of dipolar quantum matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Stevenson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Aden Z Lam
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Niccolò Bigagli
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Claire Warner
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Weijun Yuan
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Sebastian Will
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Ravensbergen C, Soave E, Corre V, Kreyer M, Huang B, Kirilov E, Grimm R. Resonantly Interacting Fermi-Fermi Mixture of ^{161}Dy and ^{40}K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:203402. [PMID: 32501049 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.203402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of a Fermi-Fermi mixture of ultracold atoms that combines mass imbalance, tunability, and collisional stability. In an optically trapped sample of ^{161}Dy and ^{40}K, we identify a broad Feshbach resonance centered at a magnetic field of 217 G. Hydrodynamic expansion profiles in the resonant interaction regime reveal a bimodal behavior resulting from mass imbalance. Lifetime studies on resonance show a suppression of inelastic few-body processes by orders of magnitude, which we interpret as a consequence of the fermionic nature of our system. The resonant mixture opens up intriguing perspectives for studies on novel states of strongly correlated fermions with mass imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ravensbergen
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Soave
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - V Corre
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Kreyer
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Huang
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Kirilov
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Grimm
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Quantum-enhanced sensing using non-classical spin states of a highly magnetic atom. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4955. [PMID: 30470745 PMCID: PMC6251866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent superposition states of a mesoscopic quantum object play a major role in our understanding of the quantum to classical boundary, as well as in quantum-enhanced metrology and computing. However, their practical realization and manipulation remains challenging, requiring a high degree of control of the system and its coupling to the environment. Here, we use dysprosium atoms-the most magnetic element in its ground state-to realize coherent superpositions between electronic spin states of opposite orientation, with a mesoscopic spin size J = 8. We drive coherent spin states to quantum superpositions using non-linear light-spin interactions, observing a series of collapses and revivals of quantum coherence. These states feature highly non-classical behavior, with a sensitivity to magnetic fields enhanced by a factor 13.9(1.1) compared to coherent spin states-close to the Heisenberg limit 2J = 16-and an intrinsic fragility to environmental noise.
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Trautmann A, Ilzhöfer P, Durastante G, Politi C, Sohmen M, Mark MJ, Ferlaino F. Dipolar Quantum Mixtures of Erbium and Dysprosium Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:213601. [PMID: 30517813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first realization of heteronuclear dipolar quantum mixtures of highly magnetic erbium and dysprosium atoms. With a versatile experimental setup, we demonstrate binary Bose-Einstein condensation in five different Er-Dy isotope combinations, as well as one Er-Dy Bose-Fermi mixture. Finally, we present first studies of the interspecies interaction between the two species for one mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trautmann
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Ilzhöfer
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenoptik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Durastante
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenoptik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Politi
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Sohmen
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenoptik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M J Mark
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenoptik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Ferlaino
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenoptik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Lepers M, Li H, Wyart JF, Quéméner G, Dulieu O. Ultracold Rare-Earth Magnetic Atoms with an Electric Dipole Moment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:063201. [PMID: 30141648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method to produce an electric and magnetic dipolar gas of ultracold dysprosium atoms. The pair of nearly degenerate energy levels of opposite parity, at 17513.33 cm^{-1} with electronic angular momentum J=10, and at 17514.50 cm^{-1} with J=9, can be mixed with an external electric field, thus inducing an electric dipole moment in the laboratory frame. For field amplitudes relevant to current-day experiments, i.e., an electric field of 5 kV/cm, we predict a large magnetic dipole moment up to 13 Bohr magnetons, and sizeable electric dipole moment up to 0.22 D. When a magnetic field is present, we show that the induced electric dipole moment is strongly dependent on the angle between the fields. The lifetime of the field-mixed levels is found in the millisecond range, thus allowing for suitable experimental detection and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Lepers
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-François Wyart
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, CNRS UMR8112, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Goulven Quéméner
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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