1
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Hino K, Kurashige Y. Encoding a Many-Body Potential Energy Surface into a Grid-Based Matrix Product Operator. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3839-3849. [PMID: 38647101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
An efficient algorithm for compressing a given many-body potential energy surface (PES) of molecular systems into a grid-based matrix product operator (MPO) is proposed. The PES is once represented by a full-dimensional or truncated many-body expansion form, which is obtained by ab initio calculations at each grid mesh point, and then all terms in the expansion are compressed and merged into a single MPO while maintaining the bond dimension of the MPO as small as possible. It was shown that the ab initio PES of the H2CO was compressed by more than 2 orders of magnitude in the size of the site operators without loss of accuracy. By the use of grid basis, the tensor rank of the site operators of the MPO is reduced from four to three due to the diagonal nature of the position-dependent operators on grid basis, which significantly reduces the computational cost of the tensor contractions required in the real and imaginary time evolution of the matrix product state (MPS) wave functions with the grid-based MPO (Grid-MPO) Hamiltonian. Similar to other grid-based methods, Grid-MPO is easily applicable to any kinds of potentials of molecular systems, such as analytical empirical model potentials expressed by position operators and ab initio potentials, if the values at the grid points are available. Using the Grid-MPO combined with the MPS, we calculated the time correlation function of the Eigen cation H 3 O + ( H 2 O ) 3 to predict the infrared spectrum and compared with the experimental and the previous theoretical studies. The actual scaling with the size of systems was examined for the multidimensional Henon-Heiles Hamiltonian. It was shown that the method is considerably accelerated by the graphic processing unit (GPU) because the sizes of site operators were kept small and all tensors were able to be stored on the VRAM of a GPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurashige
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- FOREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- CREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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2
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Seneviratne A, Walters PL, Wang F. Exact Non-Markovian Quantum Dynamics on the NISQ Device Using Kraus Operators. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9666-9675. [PMID: 38434817 PMCID: PMC10906042 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The theory of open quantum systems has many applications ranging from simulating quantum dynamics in condensed phases to better understanding quantum-enabled technologies. At the center of theoretical chemistry are the developments of methodologies and computational tools for simulating charge and excitation energy transfer in solutions, biomolecules, and molecular aggregates. As a variety of these processes display non-Markovian behavior, classical computer simulation can be challenging due to exponential scaling with existing methods. With quantum computers holding the promise of efficient quantum simulations, in this paper, we present a new quantum algorithm based on Kraus operators that capture the exact non-Markovian effect at a finite temperature. The implementation of the Kraus operators on the quantum machine uses a combination of singular value decomposition (SVD) and optimal Walsh operators that result in shallow circuits. We demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm by simulating the spin-boson dynamics and the exciton transfer in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex. The NISQ results show very good agreement with the exact ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin Seneviratne
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Peter L. Walters
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, 4400 University
Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, 4400 University
Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
- Quantum
Science and Engineering Center, George Mason
University, 4400 University
Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
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3
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Brey D, Burghardt I. Coherent Transient Localization Mechanism of Interchain Exciton Transport in Regioregular P3HT: A Quantum-Dynamical Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1836-1845. [PMID: 38334949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Transient localization has been proposed as a transport mechanism in organic materials, for both charge carriers and excitons. Here, we characterize a quantum coherent transient localization mechanism using full quantum simulations of an H-aggregated model system representative of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rrP3HT). A Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian parametrized from first principles is considered, including local high-frequency modes and anharmonic, site-correlated interchain modes. Quantum-dynamical calculations are carried out using the Multi-Layer Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method for a 13-site system with 195 vibrational modes, under periodic boundary conditions. It is shown that temporary localization of exciton polarons alternates with resonant transfer driven by interchain modes. While the transport process is mainly determined by exciton-polarons at the low-energy band edge, persistent coupling with the excitonic manifold is observed, giving rise to a nonadiabatic excitonic flux. This elementary transport mechanism remains preserved for limited static disorder and gives way to Anderson localization when the static disorder becomes dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brey
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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4
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Titov E. Visible Light Induced Exciton Dynamics and trans-to- cis Isomerization in Azobenzene Aggregates: Insights from Surface Hopping/Semiempirical Configuration Interaction Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8520-8532. [PMID: 38405525 PMCID: PMC10882624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Assemblies of photochromic molecules feature exciton states, which govern photochemical and photophysical processes in multichromophoric systems. Understanding the photoinduced dynamics of the assemblies requires nonadiabatic treatment involving multiple exciton states and numerous nuclear degrees of freedom, thus posing a challenge for simulations. In this work, we address this challenge for aggregates of azobenzene, a prototypical molecular switch, performing on-the-fly surface hopping calculations combined with semiempirical configuration interaction electronic structure and augmented with transition density matrix analysis to characterize exciton evolution. Specifically, we consider excitation of azobenzene tetramers in the nπ* absorption band located in the visible (blue) part of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus extending our recent work on dynamics after ππ* excitation corresponding to the ultraviolet region [Titov, J. Phys. Chem. C2023, 127, 13678-13688]. We find that the nπ* excitons, which are initially strongly localized by ground-state conformational disorder, undergo further (very strong) localization during short-time photodynamics. This excited-state localization process is extremely ultrafast, occurring within the first 10 fs of photodynamics. We observe virtually no exciton transfer of the localized excitons in the nπ* manifold. However, the transfer may occur via secondary pathways involving ππ* states or the ground state. Moreover, we find that the nπ* quantum yields of the trans-to-cis isomerization are reduced in the aggregated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Titov
- Institute of Chemistry, Theoretical
Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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5
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Jacobs M, Krumland J, Valencia AM, Cocchi C. Pulse-Induced Dynamics of a Charge-Transfer Complex from First Principles. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8794-8805. [PMID: 37824697 PMCID: PMC10614200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of charge carriers in organic donor-acceptor interfaces are of primary importance to understanding the fundamental properties of these systems. In this work, we focus on a charge-transfer complex formed by quaterthiophene p-doped by tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane and investigate electron dynamics and vibronic interactions also at finite temperatures by applying a femtosecond pulse in resonance with the two lowest energy excitations of the system with perpendicular and parallel polarization with respect to the interface. The adopted ab initio formalism based on real-time time-dependent density-functional theory coupled to Ehrenfest dynamics enables monitoring the dynamical charge transfer across the interface and assessing the role played by the nuclear motion. Our results show that the strong intermolecular interactions binding the complex already in the ground state influence the dynamics, too. The analysis of the nuclear motion involved in these processes reveals the participation of different vibrational modes depending on the electronic states stimulated by the resonant pulse. Coupled donor-acceptor modes mostly influence the excited state polarized across the interface, while intramolecular vibrations in the donor molecule dominate the excitation in the orthogonal direction. The results obtained at finite temperatures are overall consistent with this picture, although thermal disorder contributes to slightly decreasing interfacial charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Jacobs
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Ana M. Valencia
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Physics
Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CeNaD), Carl von
Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
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6
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Zahabi N, Baryshnikov G, Linares M, Zozoulenko I. Charge carrier dynamics in conducting polymer PEDOT using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154801. [PMID: 37843059 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As conducting polymers become increasingly important in electronic devices, understanding their charge transport is essential for material and device development. Various semi-empirical approaches have been used to describe temporal charge carrier dynamics in these materials, but there have yet to be any theoretical approaches utilizing ab initio molecular dynamics. In this work, we develop a computational technique based on ab initio Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics to trace charge carrier temporal motion in archetypical conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Particularly, we analyze charge dynamics in a single PEDOT chain and in two coupled chains with different degrees of coupling and study the effect of temperature. In our model we first initiate a positively charged polaron (compensated by a negative counterion) at one end of the chain, and subsequently displace the counterion to the other end of the chain and trace polaron dynamics in the system by monitoring bond length alternation in the PEDOT backbone and charge density distribution. We find that at low temperature (T = 1 K) the polaron distortion gradually disappears from its initial location and reappears near the new position of the counterion. At the room temperature (T = 300 K), we find that the distortions induced by polaron, and atomic vibrations are of the same magnitude, which makes tracking the polaron distortion challenging because it is hidden behind the temperature-induced vibrations. The novel approach developed in this work can be used to study polaron mobility along and between the chains, investigate charge transport in highly doped polymers, and explore other flexible polymers, including n-doped ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Zahabi
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics (LOE), Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics (LOE), Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Group of Scientific Visualization, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Swedish e-Science Center (SeRC), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics (LOE), Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
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7
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Riedel J, Gelß P, Klein R, Schmidt B. WaveTrain: A Python package for numerical quantum mechanics of chain-like systems based on tensor trains. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887212. [PMID: 37114709 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
WaveTrain is an open-source software for numerical simulations of chain-like quantum systems with nearest-neighbor (NN) interactions only. The Python package is centered around tensor train (TT, or matrix product) format representations of Hamiltonian operators and (stationary or time-evolving) state vectors. It builds on the Python tensor train toolbox Scikit_tt, which provides efficient construction methods and storage schemes for the TT format. Its solvers for eigenvalue problems and linear differential equations are used in WaveTrain for the time-independent and time-dependent Schrödinger equations, respectively. Employing efficient decompositions to construct low-rank representations, the tensor-train ranks of state vectors are often found to depend only marginally on the chain length N. This results in the computational effort growing only slightly more than linearly with N, thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality. As a complement to the classes for full quantum mechanics, WaveTrain also contains classes for fully classical and mixed quantum-classical (Ehrenfest or mean field) dynamics of bipartite systems. The graphical capabilities allow visualization of quantum dynamics "on the fly," with a choice of several different representations based on reduced density matrices. Even though developed for treating quasi-one-dimensional excitonic energy transport in molecular solids or conjugated organic polymers, including coupling to phonons, WaveTrain can be used for any kind of chain-like quantum systems, with or without periodic boundary conditions and with NN interactions only. The present work describes version 1.0 of our WaveTrain software, based on version 1.2 of scikit_tt, both of which are freely available from the GitHub platform where they will also be further developed. Moreover, WaveTrain is mirrored at SourceForge, within the framework of the WavePacket project for numerical quantum dynamics. Worked-out demonstration examples with complete input and output, including animated graphics, are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Riedel
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23A, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Gelß
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 3-9, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Zuse-Institut Berlin, Takustraße 7, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rupert Klein
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 3-9, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schmidt
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 3-9, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, Mohrenstraße 39, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Fureraj I, Budkina DS, Vauthey E. Torsional disorder and planarization dynamics: 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene as a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25979-25989. [PMID: 36263805 PMCID: PMC9627944 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03909e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated molecules with phenylethynyl building blocks are usually characterised by torsional disorder at room temperature. They are much more rigid in the electronic excited state due to conjugation. As a consequence, the electronic absorption and emission spectra do not present a mirror-image relationship. Here, we investigate how torsional disorder affects the excited state dynamics of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene in solvents of different viscosities and in polymers, using both stationary and ultrafast electronic spectroscopies. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal inhomogeneous broadening of the absorption spectrum at room temperature. This is confirmed by ultrafast spectroscopic measurements at different excitation wavelengths. Red-edge irradiation excites planar molecules that return to the ground state without significant structural dynamics. In this case, however, re-equilibration of the torsional disorder in the ground state can be observed. Higher-energy irradiation excites torsionally disordered molecules, which then planarise, leading to important spectral dynamics. The latter is found to occur partially via viscosity-independent inertial motion, whereas it is purely diffusive in the ground state. This dissimilarity is explained in terms of the steepness of the potential along the torsional coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Fureraj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Darya S Budkina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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9
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Mondelo-Martell M, Brey D, Burghardt I. Quantum dynamical study of inter-chain exciton transport in a regioregular P3HT model system at finite temperature: HJ vs. H-aggregate models. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094108. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on quantum dynamical simulations of inter-chain exciton transport in a model of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), rr-P3HT, at finite temperature, using the Multi-Layer Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method for a system of up to 63 electronic states and 180 vibrational modes. A Frenkel Hamiltonian of HJ aggregate type is used, along with a reduced H-aggregate representation; electron-phonon coupling includes local high-frequency modes as well as anharmonic intermolecular modes. The latter are operative in mediating inter-chain transport, by a mechanism of transient localization type. Strikingly, this mechanism is found to be of quantum coherent character and involves non-adiabatic effects. Using periodic boundary conditions, a normal diffusion regime is identified from the exciton mean-squared displacement, apart from early-time transients. Diffusion coefficients are found to be of the order of 3 x 10-3 cm2/s, showing a non-monotonous increase with temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Mondelo-Martell
- Institut für Physikalische u. Theoretische Chemie, Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institut fur Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Germany
| | | | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Han S, Schröder M, Gatti F, Meyer HD, Lauvergnat D, Yarkony DR, Guo H. Representation of Diabatic Potential Energy Matrices for Multiconfiguration Time-Dependent Hartree Treatments of High-Dimensional Nonadiabatic Photodissociation Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4627-4638. [PMID: 35839299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional quantum mechanical characterization of photodissociation dynamics is restricted by steep scaling laws with respect to the dimensionality of the system. In this work, we examine the applicability of the multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method in treating nonadiabatic photodissociation dynamics in two prototypical systems, taking advantage of its favorable scaling laws. To conform to the sum-of-product form, elements of the ab initio diabatic potential energy matrix (DPEM) are re-expressed using the recently proposed Monte Carlo canonical polyadic decomposition method, with enforcement of proper symmetry. The MCTDH absorption spectra and product branching ratios are shown to compare well with those calculated using conventional grid-based methods, demonstrating its promise for treating high-dimensional nonadiabatic photodissociation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Markus Schröder
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabien Gatti
- ISMO, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay─UMR 8214 CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hans-Dieter Meyer
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, Orsay 91405, France
| | - David R Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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11
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Direct observation of ultrafast exciton localization in an organic semiconductor with soft X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3414. [PMID: 35701418 PMCID: PMC9198071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization dynamics of excitons in organic semiconductors influence the efficiency of charge transfer and separation in these materials. Here we apply time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy to track photoinduced dynamics of a paradigmatic crystalline conjugated polymer: poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) commonly used in solar cell devices. The π→π* transition, the first step of solar energy conversion, is pumped with a 15 fs optical pulse and the dynamics are probed by an attosecond soft X-ray pulse at the carbon K-edge. We observe X-ray spectroscopic signatures of the initially hot excitonic state, indicating that it is delocalized over multiple polymer chains. This undergoes a rapid evolution on a sub 50 fs timescale which can be directly associated with cooling and localization to form either a localized exciton or polaron pair. A detailed understanding of ultrafast exciton dynamics is crucial for improving the efficiency of organic light-harvesting-devices. Here, the authors track exciton localization on a sub-50 fs timescale in an organic semiconductor using time resolved soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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12
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Dimitriev OP. Dynamics of Excitons in Conjugated Molecules and Organic Semiconductor Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8487-8593. [PMID: 35298145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exciton, an excited electron-hole pair bound by Coulomb attraction, plays a key role in photophysics of organic molecules and drives practically important phenomena such as photoinduced mechanical motions of a molecule, photochemical conversions, energy transfer, generation of free charge carriers, etc. Its behavior in extended π-conjugated molecules and disordered organic films is very different and very rich compared with exciton behavior in inorganic semiconductor crystals. Due to the high degree of variability of organic systems themselves, the exciton not only exerts changes on molecules that carry it but undergoes its own changes during all phases of its lifetime, that is, birth, conversion and transport, and decay. The goal of this review is to give a systematic and comprehensive view on exciton behavior in π-conjugated molecules and molecular assemblies at all phases of exciton evolution with emphasis on rates typical for this dynamic picture and various consequences of the above dynamics. To uncover the rich variety of exciton behavior, details of exciton formation, exciton transport, exciton energy conversion, direct and reverse intersystem crossing, and radiative and nonradiative decay are considered in different systems, where these processes lead to or are influenced by static and dynamic disorder, charge distribution symmetry breaking, photoinduced reactions, electron and proton transfer, structural rearrangements, exciton coupling with vibrations and intermediate particles, and exciton dissociation and annihilation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg P Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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13
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Dilmurat R, Prodhan S, Wang L, Beljonne D. Thermally activated intra-chain charge transport in high charge-carrier mobility copolymers. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084115. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0082569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered or even seemingly amorphous, donor–acceptor type, conjugated copolymers with high charge-carrier mobility have emerged as a new class of functional materials, where transport along the conjugated backbone is key. Here, we report on non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations of charge-carrier transport along chains of poly (indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole), within a model Hamiltonian parameterized against first-principles calculations. We predict thermally activated charge transport associated with a slightly twisted ground-state conformation, on par with experimental results. Our results also demonstrate that the energy mismatch between the hole on the donor vs the acceptor units of the copolymer drives localization of the charge carriers and limits the intra-chain charge-carrier mobility. We predict that room-temperature mobility values in excess of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 can be achieved through proper chemical tuning of the component monomer units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishat Dilmurat
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Suryoday Prodhan
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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14
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Gelß P, Klein R, Matera S, Schmidt B. Solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation for chains of coupled excitons and phonons using tensor trains. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:024109. [PMID: 35032989 DOI: 10.1063/5.0074948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate how to apply the tensor-train format to solve the time-independent Schrödinger equation for quasi-one-dimensional excitonic chain systems with and without periodic boundary conditions. The coupled excitons and phonons are modeled by Fröhlich-Holstein type Hamiltonians with on-site and nearest-neighbor interactions only. We reduce the memory consumption as well as the computational costs significantly by employing efficient decompositions to construct low-rank tensor-train representations, thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality. In order to compute also higher quantum states, we introduce an approach that directly incorporates the Wielandt deflation technique into the alternating linear scheme for the solution of eigenproblems. Besides systems with coupled excitons and phonons, we also investigate uncoupled problems for which (semi-)analytical results exist. There, we find that in the case of homogeneous systems, the tensor-train ranks of state vectors only marginally depend on the chain length, which results in a linear growth of the storage consumption. However, the central processing unit time increases slightly faster with the chain length than the storage consumption because the alternating linear scheme adopted in our work requires more iterations to achieve convergence for longer chains and a given rank. Finally, we demonstrate that the tensor-train approach to the quantum treatment of coupled excitons and phonons makes it possible to directly tackle the phenomenon of mutual self-trapping. We are able to confirm the main results of the Davydov theory, i.e., the dependence of the wave packet width and the corresponding stabilization energy on the exciton-phonon coupling strength, although only for a certain range of that parameter. In future work, our approach will allow calculations also beyond the validity regime of that theory and/or beyond the restrictions of the Fröhlich-Holstein type Hamiltonians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gelß
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 3-9, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rupert Klein
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 3-9, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Matera
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 3-9, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schmidt
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 3-9, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Brey D, Binder R, Martinazzo R, Burghardt I. Signatures of coherent vibronic exciton dynamics and conformational control in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of conjugated polymers. Faraday Discuss 2022; 237:148-167. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) signals for homo-oligomer J-aggregates are computed, with a focus on the role of structural change induced by low-frequency torsional modes along with quasi-stationary trapping effects induced...
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16
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Titov E, Kopp T, Hoche J, Humeniuk A, Mitrić R. (De)localization dynamics of molecular excitons: comparison of mixed quantum–classical and fully quantum treatments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12136-12148. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00586g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular excitons play a central role in processes of solar energy conversion, both natural and artificial. It is therefore no wonder that numerous experimental and theoretical investigations in the last...
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17
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Popp W, Brey D, Binder R, Burghardt I. Quantum Dynamics of Exciton Transport and Dissociation in Multichromophoric Systems. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:591-616. [PMID: 33636997 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Due to the subtle interplay of site-to-site electronic couplings, exciton delocalization, nonadiabatic effects, and vibronic couplings, quantum dynamical studies are needed to elucidate the details of ultrafast photoinduced energy and charge transfer events in organic multichromophoric systems. In this vein, we review an approach that combines first-principles parameterized lattice Hamiltonians with accurate quantum dynamical simulations using advanced multiconfigurational methods. Focusing on the elementary transfer steps in organic functional materials, we address coherent exciton migration and creation of charge transfer excitons in homopolymers, notably representative of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) material, as well as exciton dissociation at polymer:fullerene heterojunctions. We emphasize the role of coherent transfer, trapping effects due to high-frequency phonon modes, and thermal activation due to low-frequency soft modes that drive a diffusive dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wjatscheslaw Popp
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Dominik Brey
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Robert Binder
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
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18
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Di Maiolo F, Brey D, Binder R, Burghardt I. Quantum dynamical simulations of intra-chain exciton diffusion in an oligo (para-phenylene vinylene) chain at finite temperature. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184107. [PMID: 33187420 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on quantum dynamical simulations of exciton diffusion in an oligo(para-phenylene vinylene) chain segment with 20 repeat units (OPV-20) at finite temperature, complementary to our recent study of the same system at T = 0 K [R. Binder and I. Burghardt, J. Chem. Phys. 152, 204120 (2020)]. Accurate quantum dynamical simulations are performed using the multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method as applied to a site-based Hamiltonian comprising 20 electronic states of Frenkel type and 460 vibrational modes, including site-local quinoid-distortion modes along with site-correlated bond-length alternation (BLA) modes, ring torsional modes, and an explicit harmonic-oscillator bath. A first-principles parameterized Frenkel-Holstein type Hamiltonian is employed, which accounts for correlations between the ring torsional modes and the anharmonically coupled BLA coordinates located at the same junction. Thermally induced fluctuations of the torsional modes are described by a stochastic mean-field approach, and their impact on the excitonic motion is characterized in terms of the exciton mean-squared displacement. A normal diffusion regime is observed under periodic boundary conditions, apart from transient localization features. Even though the polaronic exciton species are comparatively weakly bound, exciton diffusion is found to be a coherent-rather than hopping type-process, driven by the fluctuations of the soft torsional modes. Similar to the previous observations for oligothiophenes, the evolution for the most part exhibits a near-adiabatic dynamics of local exciton ground states (LEGSs) that adjust to the local conformational dynamics. However, a second mechanism, involving resonant transitions between neighboring LEGSs, gains importance at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Maiolo
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Dominik Brey
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Robert Binder
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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19
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Pant R, Wüster S. Excitation transport in molecular aggregates with thermal motion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21169-21184. [PMID: 32929422 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular aggregates can under certain conditions transport electronic excitation energy over large distances due to dipole-dipole interactions. Here, we explore to what extent thermal motion of entire monomers can guide or enhance this excitation transport. The motion induces changes of aggregate geometry and hence modifies exciton states. Under certain conditions, excitation energy can thus be transported by the aggregate adiabatically, following a certain exciton eigenstate. While such transport is always slower than direct migration through dipole-dipole interactions, we show that transport through motion can yield higher transport efficiencies in the presence of on-site energy disorder than the static counterpart. For this we consider two simple models of molecular motion: (i) longitudinal vibrations of the monomers along the aggregation direction within their inter-molecular binding potential and (ii) torsional motion of planar monomers in a plane orthogonal to the aggregation direction. The parameters and potential shapes used are relevant to dye-molecule aggregates. We employ a quantum-classical method, in which molecules move through simplified classical molecular dynamics, while the excitation transport is treated quantum mechanically using Schrödinger's equation. For both models we find parameter regimes in which the motion enhances excitation transport, however these are more realistic for the torsional scenario, due to the limited motional range in a typical Morse type inter-molecular potential. We finally show that the transport enhancement can be linked to adiabatic quantum dynamics. This transport enhancement through adiabatic motion appears a useful resource to combat exciton trapping by disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Pant
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, MP, India.
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20
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Hegger R, Binder R, Burghardt I. First-Principles Quantum and Quantum-Classical Simulations of Exciton Diffusion in Semiconducting Polymer Chains at Finite Temperature. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5441-5455. [PMID: 32786907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report on first-principles quantum-dynamical and quantum-classical simulations of photoinduced exciton dynamics in oligothiophene chain segments, representative of intrachain exciton migration in the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer. Following up on our recent study (Binder R.; Burghardt, I. Faraday Discuss. 2020, 221, 406), multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree calculations for a short oligothiophene segment comprising 20 monomer units (OT-20) are carried out to obtain full quantum-dynamical simulations at finite temperature. These are employed to benchmark mean-field Ehrenfest calculations, which are shown to give qualitatively correct results for the present system. Periodic boundary conditions turn out to significantly improve earlier estimates of diffusion coefficients. Using the Ehrenfest approach, a series of calculations are subsequently carried out for larger lattices (OT-40 to OT-80), leading to estimates for temperature-dependent mean-squared displacements, which are found to exhibit a near-linear dependence as a function of time. The resulting diffusion coefficient estimates are an increasing function of temperature, whose detailed functional form depends on the degree of static disorder. With a realistic static disorder parameter (σs ≃ 0.06 eV), the diffusion coefficients decrease from D ∼ 1 × 10-2 cm2 s-1 to D ∼ 1 × 10-3 cm2 s-1, in qualitative agreement with experimental data for P3HT. The dynamical scenario obtained from our simulations shows that exciton migration in P3HT-type chains is a largely adiabatic process throughout the temperature regime we investigated (i.e., T = 50-300 K). The resulting picture of exciton migration is a coherent, but not bandlike, motion of an exciton-polaron driven by fluctuations induced by low-frequency modes. This process acquires partial hopping character if static disorder becomes prominent and Anderson localization sets in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hegger
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Robert Binder
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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21
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Peterhans L, Nicolaidou E, Diamantis P, Alloa E, Leclerc M, Surin M, Clément S, Rothlisberger U, Banerji N, Hayes SC. Structural and Photophysical Templating of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes with Single-Stranded DNA. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:7347-7362. [PMID: 33122875 PMCID: PMC7587141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A promising approach to influence and control the photophysical properties of conjugated polymers is directing their molecular conformation by templating. We explore here the templating effect of single-stranded DNA oligomers (ssDNAs) on cationic polythiophenes with the goal to uncover the intermolecular interactions that direct the polymer backbone conformation. We have comprehensively characterized the optical behavior and structure of the polythiophenes in conformationally distinct complexes depending on the sequence of nucleic bases and addressed the effect on the ultrafast excited-state relaxation. This, in combination with molecular dynamics simulations, allowed us a detailed atomistic-level understanding of the structure-property correlations. We find that electrostatic and other noncovalent interactions direct the assembly with the polymer, and we identify that optimal templating is achieved with (ideally 10-20) consecutive cytosine bases through numerous π-stacking interactions with the thiophene rings and side groups of the polymer, leading to a rigid assembly with ssDNA, with highly ordered chains and unique optical signatures. Our insights are an important step forward in an effective approach to structural templating and optoelectronic control of conjugated polymers and organic materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Peterhans
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliana Nicolaidou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Polydefkis Diamantis
- Laboratory
of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Alloa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, G1K 7P4 Quebec
City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation in Materials
and Polymers, University of Mons −
UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Clément
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, ICGM, UMR 5253 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, Cedex
05, France
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory
of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophia C. Hayes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
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22
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Prodhan S, Qiu J, Ricci M, Roscioni OM, Wang L, Beljonne D. Design Rules to Maximize Charge-Carrier Mobility along Conjugated Polymer Chains. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6519-6525. [PMID: 32692920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of polymeric materials displaying high charge-carrier mobility values despite poor interchain structural order has spawned a renewal of interest in the identification of structure-property relationships pertaining to the transport of charges along conjugated polymer chains and the subsequent design of optimized architectures. Here, we present the results of intrachain charge transport simulations obtained by applying a robust surface hopping algorithm to a phenomenological Hamiltonian parametrized against first-principles simulations. Conformational effects are shown to provide a clear signature in the temperature-dependent charge-carrier mobility that complies with recent experimental observations. We further contrast against molecular crystals the evolution with electronic bandwidth and electron-phonon interactions of the room-temperature mobility in polymers, showing that intrachain charge-carrier mobility values in excess of 100 cm2/(V s) can be achieved through a proper chemical engineering of the backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryoday Prodhan
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Jing Qiu
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | | | - Linjun Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
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23
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Binder R, Bonfanti M, Lauvergnat D, Burghardt I. First-principles description of intra-chain exciton migration in an oligo(para-phenylene vinylene) chain. I. Generalized Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:204119. [PMID: 32486686 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A generalized Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian is constructed to describe exciton migration in oligo(para-phenylene vinylene) chains, based on excited state electronic structure data for an oligomer comprising 20 monomer units (OPV-20). Time-dependent density functional theory calculations using the ωB97XD hybrid functional are employed in conjunction with a transition density analysis to study the low-lying singlet excitations and demonstrate that these can be characterized to a good approximation as a Frenkel exciton manifold. Based on these findings, we employ the analytic mapping procedure of Binder et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 141, 014101 (2014)] to translate one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) potential energy surface (PES) scans to a fully anharmonic, generalized Frenkel-Holstein (FH) Hamiltonian. A 1D PES scan is carried out for intra-ring quinoid distortion modes, while 2D PES scans are performed for the anharmonically coupled inter-monomer torsional and vinylene bridge bond length alternation modes. The kinetic energy is constructed in curvilinear coordinates by an exact numerical procedure, using the TNUM Fortran code. As a result, a fully molecular-based, generalized FH Hamiltonian is obtained, which is subsequently employed for quantum exciton dynamics simulations, as shown in Paper II [R. Binder and I. Burghardt, J. Chem. Phys. 152, 204120 (2020)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Binder
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Matteo Bonfanti
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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24
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Binder R, Burghardt I. First-principles description of intra-chain exciton migration in an oligo(para-phenylene vinylene) chain. II. ML-MCTDH simulations of exciton dynamics at a torsional defect. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:204120. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0004511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Binder
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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25
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Binder R, Burghardt I. First-principles quantum simulations of exciton diffusion on a minimal oligothiophene chain at finite temperature. Faraday Discuss 2020; 221:406-427. [PMID: 31596291 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional multiconfigurational quantum dynamics simulations are carried out at finite temperature to simulate exciton diffusion on an oligothiophene chain, representative of a segment of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer. The ab initio parametrized site-based Hamiltonian of Binder et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018, 120, 227401] is employed to model a 20-site system, including intra-ring and inter-ring high-frequency modes as well as torsional modes which undergo thermal fluctuations induced by an explicit harmonic oscillator bath. The system-bath dynamics is treated within the setting of a stochastic mean-field Schrödinger equation. For the 20-site excitonic system, a total of 20 Frenkel states and 248 modes are propagated using the multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. The resulting dynamics can be interpreted in terms of the coherent motion of an exciton-polaron quasi-particle stochastically driven by torsional fluctuations. This dynamics yields a near-linear mean squared displacement (MSD) as a function of time, from which a diffusion coefficient can be deduced which increases with temperature, up to 5.7 × 10-3 cm2 s-1 at T = 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Binder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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26
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Zheng J, Peng J, Xie Y, Long Y, Ning X, Lan Z. Study of the exciton dynamics in perylene bisimide (PBI) aggregates with symmetrical quasiclassical dynamics based on the Meyer–Miller mapping Hamiltonian. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18192-18204. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The exciton dynamics in one-dimensional stacked PBI (Perylene Bisimide) aggregates was studied with SQC-MM dynamics (Symmetrical Quasiclassical Dynamics based on the Meyer–Miller mapping Hamiltonian).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens (SCEN)
- College of Textiles Clothing
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Jiawei Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yu Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yunze Long
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens (SCEN)
- College of Textiles Clothing
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Xin Ning
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens (SCEN)
- College of Textiles Clothing
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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27
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Alvertis AM, Schröder FAYN, Chin AW. Non-equilibrium relaxation of hot states in organic semiconductors: Impact of mode-selective excitation on charge transfer. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084104. [PMID: 31470711 DOI: 10.1063/1.5115239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The theoretical study of open quantum systems strongly coupled to a vibrational environment remains computationally challenging due to the strongly non-Markovian characteristics of the dynamics. We study this problem in the case of a molecular dimer of the organic semiconductor tetracene, the exciton states of which are strongly coupled to a few hundreds of molecular vibrations. To do so, we employ a previously developed tensor network approach, based on the formalism of matrix product states. By analyzing the entanglement structure of the system wavefunction, we can expand it in a tree tensor network state, which allows us to perform a fully quantum mechanical time evolution of the exciton-vibrational system, including the effect of 156 molecular vibrations. We simulate the dynamics of hot states, i.e., states resulting from excess energy photoexcitation, by constructing various initial bath states, and show that the exciton system indeed has a memory of those initial configurations. In particular, the specific pathway of vibrational relaxation is shown to strongly affect the quantum coherence between exciton states in time scales relevant for the ultrafast dynamics of application-relevant processes such as charge transfer. The preferential excitation of low-frequency modes leads to a limited number of relaxation pathways, thus "protecting" quantum coherence and leading to a significant increase in the charge transfer yield in the dimer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios M Alvertis
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Florian A Y N Schröder
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alex W Chin
- CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu boite courrier 840, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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28
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Lee EMY, Willard AP. Solving the Trivial Crossing Problem While Preserving the Nodal Symmetry of the Wave Function. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4332-4343. [PMID: 31305997 PMCID: PMC6750758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In
an adiabatic mixed quantum-classical simulation, the avoided
crossing of weakly coupled eigenstates can lead to unphysical discontinuities
in wave function dynamics, otherwise known as the trivial crossing
problem. A standard solution to the trivial crossing problem eliminates
spatial discontinuities in wave function dynamics by imposing changes
to the eigenstate of the wave function. In this paper, we show that
this solution has the side effect of introducing transient discontinuities
in the nodal symmetry of the wave function. We present an alternative
solution to the trivial crossing problem that preserves both the spatial
and nodal structure of the adiabatic wave function. By considering
a model of exciton dynamics on conjugated polymer systems, we show
that failure to preserve wave function symmetry yields exciton dynamics
that depends unphysically on polymer system size. We demonstrate that
our symmetry-preserving solution to the trivial crossing problem yields
more realistic dynamics and can thus improve the accuracy of simulations
of larger systems that are prone to the trivial crossing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Y Lee
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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29
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Popp W, Polkehn M, Binder R, Burghardt I. Coherent Charge Transfer Exciton Formation in Regioregular P3HT: A Quantum Dynamical Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3326-3332. [PMID: 31135165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast formation of charge transfer excitons (CTXs) in regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (rrP3HT) domains is elucidated by electronic structure and quantum dynamical studies of an aggregate model system comprising five stacked quaterthiophene units. Using a multistate vibronic coupling Hamiltonian parametrized by TDDFT calculations for 13 electronic states of Frenkel and CTX type, along with 78 vibrational modes, quantum dynamical simulations are carried out using the Multi-Layer Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. In line with time-resolved spectroscopic results [ De Sio , A. ; et al. Nat. Commun. 2016 , 7 , 13742 ], it is found that CTX formation occurs immediately upon photoexcitation, accompanied by sustained regular oscillations with a ∼22 fs periodicity. These coherent features, whose presence may seem surprising in a high-dimensional aggregate or thin film material, can be traced back to a dominant vibronic signature of CC stretch-type high-frequency modes. These vibrational signatures are found to be enhanced due to a collective vibronic response that is prompted by the initial generation of a delocalized bright exciton and its subsequent relaxation, by internal conversion, to a polaronic local exciton ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wjatscheslaw Popp
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Matthias Polkehn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Robert Binder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , Goethe University Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 , 60438 Frankfurt , Germany
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30
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Cotton SJ, Miller WH. A symmetrical quasi-classical windowing model for the molecular dynamics treatment of non-adiabatic processes involving many electronic states. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:104101. [PMID: 30876359 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the previous work of Cotton and Miller [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 144108 (2016)], an improved symmetrical quasi-classical (SQC) windowing model for the molecular dynamics treatment of electronically non-adiabatic processes was developed in order to extend the original SQC approach to the regime of weak-coupling between the electronic states. The improved SQC model-based on triangular-shaped window functions-handled the weak-coupling limit as intended and, as a bonus, was shown to be universally superior to the original square/histogram SQC windowing model over all coupling regimes, but only for treating systems of two electronic states, as no higher-dimensional generalization was evident. This paper, therefore, provides a generalized version for treating an arbitrary number of electronic states. By construction, the benefits of the two-state triangle model-seamless treatment of weak-coupling and improved accuracy in all coupling regimes-carry over to the generalized version. Far more significant, however, is that the new model provides vastly improved windowing statistics in higher dimensions, enabling the SQC simulation of electronically non-adiabatic processes involving many more relevant electronic states than was previously practical. Capabilities are demonstrated with respect to a 24 pigment trimer model of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson light-harvesting complex, as well as treating similar 48- and 96-electronic state model problems, illustrating the scaling properties of the new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Cotton
- Department of Chemistry and Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - William H Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Barford W, Mannouch JR. Torsionally induced exciton localization and decoherence in π-conjugated polymers. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:214107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5054176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Barford
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Mannouch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- University College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, United Kingdom
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Titov E, Humeniuk A, Mitrić R. Exciton localization in excited-state dynamics of a tetracene trimer: a surface hopping LC-TDDFTB study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25995-26007. [PMID: 30298878 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in the molecular aggregates of chromophores are key participants in important processes such as photosynthesis or the functioning of organic photovoltaic devices. Therefore, the exploration of exciton dynamics is crucial. Here we report on exciton localization during excited-state dynamics of the recently synthesized tetracene trimer [Liu et al., Org. Lett., 2017, 19, 580]. We employ the surface hopping approach to nonadiabatic molecular dynamics in conjunction with the long-range corrected time-dependent density functional tight binding (LC-TDDFTB) method [Humeniuk and Mitrić, Comput. Phys. Commun., 2017, 221, 174]. Utilizing a set of descriptors based on the transition density matrix, we perform comprehensive analysis of exciton dynamics. The obtained results reveal an ultrafast exciton localization to a single tetracene unit of the trimer during excited-state dynamics, along with exciton transfer between units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Titov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Liang R, Cotton SJ, Binder R, Hegger R, Burghardt I, Miller WH. The symmetrical quasi-classical approach to electronically nonadiabatic dynamics applied to ultrafast exciton migration processes in semiconducting polymers. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:044101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5037815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley,
California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| | - Stephen J. Cotton
- Department of Chemistry and Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley,
California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| | - Robert Binder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Rainer Hegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt/Main,
Germany
| | - William H. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley,
California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
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