1
|
Lu J, Yang F, Wang Z, Huang J, Jin S, Liang P. Plasma amplifiers: multiscale light-enhanced uniform SERS composite substrates for breaking through resonance limitations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16287-16295. [PMID: 38804814 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A phenomenon known as plasmon resonance constitutes a unique optical effect that can induce an enhancement in localized electromagnetic fields, resulting in a substantial increase in the electromagnetic field intensity surrounding metallic nanostructures. In this work, the coupling effect of excitation of surface plasmon polaritons and local surface plasmons in nanoparticles is deeply studied under the background of nanoparticles/one-dimension grating composite structures through grating matching. By employing finite-difference time-domain simulations as our methodological approach, we discern gratings with a periodicity of 1.5 μm support surface plasmon bound states between the gratings. Furthermore, the modulation of SPs along the vertical sidewalls of the grating due to standing wave effects exhibits oscillatory behavior with varying grating heights. Experimental results obtained from the nanoparticle/grating composite SERS substrate validate theoretical predictions, demonstrating higher enhanced Raman signals at 633 nm compared to 532 nm. Remarkably, this structure exhibits good performance, with R6G detection sensitivity down to concentrations as low as 10-10 M and mapping achieving a relative standard deviation of 7.79%, underscoring its uniformity and capability of electromagnetic field enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Lu
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fen Yang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shangzhong Jin
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Pei Liang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiao T, Hu M, Wang Q, Xiao M, Zhu S, Liu H. Suppressing the radiation loss by hybrid Tamm-surface plasmon BIC modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:21497-21505. [PMID: 38859502 DOI: 10.1364/oe.525338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs), localized near the boundary of a dielectric Bragg reflector (DBR) and a thin metal film, have attracted much attention for the lower ohm loss and flexible excitation. However, the radiation loss resulting from the direct coupling to the surroundings hinders their applications. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new type of hybrid plasmonic quasi-bound state in the continuum (BIC) in a Tamm-surface plasmon polariton system to suppress the radiation loss. Leveraging the scattering of the periodic metal array, the TPP interacts with the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode and form a Friedrich-Wintgen type quasi-BIC state that originated from the interference of two surface waves with different natures. Through angle resolved reflectance spectrum measurement, the hybrid plasmonic quasi-BIC was observed in the experiment. Our work proposes a new method to design a high Q mode in plasmonic systems, and thus holds promise for applications in the field of light matter interactions.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Luo H, Lu Y, Wang P. Merging diverse bound states in the continuum: from intrinsic to extrinsic scenarios. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:16491-16505. [PMID: 38859274 DOI: 10.1364/oe.522480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) in photonic crystal slabs are characterized as vortex centers in far-field polarization and infinite quality (Q) factors, which can be dynamically manipulated in momentum space to construct the singularity configurations with functionalities such as merging BICs for further suppress scattering loss of nearby resonance. However, the vast majority of research focuses on two types of intrinsic BICs for simplicity, because these polarization singularities affect each other, and are even prone to annihilation. Here, we introduce the extrinsic (Fabry-Pérot) BICs and combine them with the intrinsic BICs to merge diverse BICs in momentum space. The extrinsic BICs can move independently of the intrinsic BICs, providing an unprecedented degree of freedom to reduce the complexity of constructing merging BIC configurations. Interestingly, an interaction of oppositely charged BICs that is collision beyond annihilation is revealed, which only exchanges the topological charge of BICs but not affect their existence. Following the proposed strategy, four-types-BICs merging and steerable three-types merging are achieved at the Γ and off-Γ points, further boosting the Q factor scaling rule up to Q∝k x-14 and Q∝k x-6 respectively. Our findings suggest a systematic route to arrange abundant BICs, may facilitate some applications including beam steering, optical trapping and enhancing the light-matter interactions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Dong B, Wang Y, Li M, Liu Y, Lu H, Yu K. Ultra-high Q resonances based on zero group-velocity modes accompanied by bound states in the continuum in 2D photonic crystal slabs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:15065-15077. [PMID: 38859166 DOI: 10.1364/oe.522217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Optical resonators made of 2D photonic crystal (PhC) slabs provide efficient ways to manipulate light at the nanoscale through small group-velocity modes with low radiation losses. The resonant modes in periodic photonic lattices are predominantly limited by nonleaky guided modes at the boundary of the Brillouin zone below the light cone. Here, we propose a mechanism for ultra-high Q resonators based on the bound states in the continuum (BICs) above the light cone that have zero-group velocity (ZGV) at an arbitrary Bloch wavevector. By means of the mode expansion method, the construction and evolution of avoided crossings and Friedrich-Wintgen BICs are theoretically investigated at the same time. By tuning geometric parameters of the PhC slab, the coalescence of eigenfrequencies for a pair of BIC and ZGV modes is achieved, indicating that the waveguide modes are confined longitudinally by small group-velocity propagation and transversely by BICs. Using this mechanism, we engineer ultra-high Q nanoscale resonators that can significantly suppress the radiative losses, despite the operating frequencies above the light cone and the momenta at the generic k point. Our work suggests that the designed devices possess potential applications in low-threshold lasers and enhanced nonlinear effects.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin S, Ye L, He H, Huang X, Ke M, Deng W, Lu J, Liu Z. Valley edge states as bound states in the continuum. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00225-1. [PMID: 38653684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are spatially localized states with energy embedded in the continuum spectrum of extended states. The combination of BICs physics and nontrivial band topology theory givs rise to topological BICs, which are robust against disorders and meanwhile, the merit of conventional BICs is attracting wide attention recently. Here, we report valley edge states as topological BICs, which appear at the domain wall between two distinct valley topological phases. The robustness of such BICs is demonstrated. The simulations and experiments show great agreement. Our findings of valley related topological BICs shed light on both BICs and valley physics, and may foster innovative applications of topological acoustic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Yin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hailong He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xueqin Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Manzhu Ke
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weiyin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jiuyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhengyou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo M, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Guo Z, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu J, Luo W, Shi Y, Liu AQ, Wu X. High-Sensitivity Optical Sensors Empowered by Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum in a Hybrid Metal-Dielectric Metasurface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6477-6486. [PMID: 38350867 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing light-matter interaction is a key requisite in the realm of optical sensors. Bound states in the continuum (BICs), possessing high quality factors (Q factors), have shown great advantages in sensing applications. Recent theories elucidate the ability of BICs with hybrid metal-dielectric architectures to achieve high Q factors and high sensitivities. However, the experimental validation of the sensing performance in such hybrid systems remains equivocal. In this study, we propose two symmetry-protected quasi-BIC modes in a metal-dielectric metasurface. Our results demonstrate that, under the normal incidence of light, the quasi-BIC mode dominated by dielectric can achieve a high Q factor of 412 and a sensing performance with a high bulk sensitivity of 492.7 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and a figure of merit (FOM) of 266.3 RIU-1, while the quasi-BIC mode dominated by metal exhibits a stronger surface affinity in the biotin-streptavidin bioassay. These findings offer a promising approach for implementing metasurface-based sensors, representing a paradigm for high-sensitivity biosensing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of Quantum Technologies (IQT), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Technologies (IQT), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duan S, Su X, Qiu H, Jiang Y, Wu J, Fan K, Zhang C, Jia X, Zhu G, Kang L, Wu X, Wang H, Xia K, Jin B, Chen J, Wu P. Linear and phase controllable terahertz frequency conversion via ultrafast breaking the bond of a meta-molecule. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1119. [PMID: 38321010 PMCID: PMC10847458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The metasurface platform with time-varying characteristics has emerged as a promising avenue for exploring exotic physics associated with Floquet materials and for designing photonic devices like linear frequency converters. However, the limited availability of materials with ultrafast responses hinders their applications in the terahertz range. Here we present a time-varying metasurface comprising an array of superconductor-metal hybrid meta-molecules. Each meta-molecule consists of two meta-atoms that are "bonded" together by double superconducting microbridges. Through experimental investigations, we demonstrate high-efficiency linear terahertz frequency conversion by rapidly breaking the bond using a coherent ultrashort terahertz pump pulse. The frequency and relative phase of the converted wave exhibit strong dependence on the pump-probe delay, indicating phase controllable wave conversion. The dynamics of the meta-molecules during the frequency conversion process are comprehensively understood using a time-varying coupled mode model. This research not only opens up new possibilities for developing innovative terahertz sources but also provides opportunities for exploring topological dynamics and Floquet physics within metasurfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Duan
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Xin Su
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongsong Qiu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yushun Jiang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China.
| | - Kebin Fan
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jia
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Guanghao Zhu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huabing Wang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Keyu Xia
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Shishan Laboratory, Suzhou Campus of Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Biaobing Jin
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Peiheng Wu
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics (RISE) & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems with Extreme Performances of MOE, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schiattarella C, Romano S, Sirleto L, Mocella V, Rendina I, Lanzio V, Riminucci F, Schwartzberg A, Cabrini S, Chen J, Liang L, Liu X, Zito G. Directive giant upconversion by supercritical bound states in the continuum. Nature 2024; 626:765-771. [PMID: 38383627 PMCID: PMC10881401 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs), embedded in the spectrum of free-space waves1,2 with diverging radiative quality factor, are topologically non-trivial dark modes in open-cavity resonators that have enabled important advances in photonics3,4. However, it is particularly challenging to achieve maximum near-field enhancement, as this requires matching radiative and non-radiative losses. Here we propose the concept of supercritical coupling, drawing inspiration from electromagnetically induced transparency in near-field coupled resonances close to the Friedrich-Wintgen condition2. Supercritical coupling occurs when the near-field coupling between dark and bright modes compensates for the negligible direct far-field coupling with the dark mode. This enables a quasi-BIC field to reach maximum enhancement imposed by non-radiative loss, even when the radiative quality factor is divergent. Our experimental design consists of a photonic-crystal nanoslab covered with upconversion nanoparticles. Near-field coupling is finely tuned at the nanostructure edge, in which a coherent upconversion luminescence enhanced by eight orders of magnitude is observed. The emission shows negligible divergence, narrow width at the microscale and controllable directivity through input focusing and polarization. This approach is relevant to various physical processes, with potential applications for light-source development, energy harvesting and photochemical catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Schiattarella
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Sirleto
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Mocella
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivo Rendina
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vittorino Lanzio
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Riminucci
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adam Schwartzberg
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Cabrini
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liangliang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gianluigi Zito
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun K, Levy U, Han Z. Exploiting Zone-Folding Induced Quasi-Bound Modes to Achieve Highly Coherent Thermal Emissions. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:764-769. [PMID: 38166141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Thermal emissions with high coherence, although not as high as those of lasers, still play a crucial role in many practical applications. In this work, by exploiting the geometric perturbation-induced optical lattice tripling and the associated Brillion zone folding effect, we propose and investigate thermal emissions in the mid-infrared with simultaneous high temporal and spatial coherence. In contrast with the case of period-doubling perturbation in our previous work, the steeper part of the guided mode dispersion band will be folded to the high-symmetry Γ point in the ternary grating. In this case, a specific emission wavelength corresponds to only a very small range of wavevectors. Consequently, apart from the high temporal coherence characterized by an experimental bandwidth around 30 nm, the achieved thermal emissions also feature ultrahigh spatial coherence. Calculations show that at the thermal emission wavelengths in the mid-infrared, the spatial coherence length can easily reach up to mm scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Uriel Levy
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Zhanghua Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang X, He R, Chen C, Huang Z, Guo J. Quasi-bound states in the continuum in a metal nanograting metasurface for a high figure-of-merit refractive index sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:762-773. [PMID: 38175096 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the bound states in the continuum (BICs) in a gold nanograting metal-insulator-metal metasurface structure at oblique angles of incidence. The nanograting metasurface consists of a gold nanograting patterned on a silicon dioxide dielectric film deposited on a thick gold film supported by a substrate. With rigorous full-wave finite difference time domain simulations, two bound states in the continuum are revealed upon transverse magnetic wave angular incidence. One BIC is formed by the interference between the surface plasmon polariton mode of the gold nanograting and the FP cavity mode. Another BIC mode is formed by the interference between the metal-dielectric hybrid structure guided mode resonance mode and the FP cavity mode. While true BIC modes cannot be observed, quasi-BIC modes are investigated at angles of incidence slightly off from the corresponding true BIC angles. It is shown that quasi-BIC modes can suppress radiation loss, resulting in narrow resonance spectral linewidths and high quality-factors. The quasi-BIC mode associated with the surface plasmon polariton mode is investigated for refractive index sensing. As a result, a high sensitivity refractive index sensor with a large figure-of-merit of 364 has been obtained.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ha ST, Lassalle E, Liang X, Do TTH, Foo I, Shendre S, Durmusoglu EG, Valuckas V, Adhikary S, Paniagua-Dominguez R, Demir HV, Kuznetsov AI. Dual-Resonance Nanostructures for Color Downconversion of Colloidal Quantum Emitters. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11802-11808. [PMID: 38085099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a dual-resonance nanostructure made of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) subwavelength grating to enhance the color downconversion efficiency of CdxZn1-xSeyS1-y colloidal quantum dots (QDs) emitting at ∼530 nm when excited with a blue light at ∼460 nm. A large mode volume can be created within the QD layer by the hybridization of the grating resonances and waveguide modes, resulting in large absorption and emission enhancements. Particularly, we achieved polarized light emission with a maximum photoluminescence enhancement of ∼140 times at a specific angular direction and a total enhancement of ∼34 times within a 0.55 numerical aperture (NA) of the collecting objective. The enhancement encompasses absorption, Purcell and outcoupling enhancements. We achieved a total absorption of 35% for green QDs with a remarkably thin color conversion layer of ∼400 nm. This work provides a guideline for designing large-volume cavities for absorption/fluorescence enhancement in microLED display, detector, or photovoltaic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Son Tung Ha
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Emmanuel Lassalle
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiao Liang
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Thi Thu Ha Do
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ian Foo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sushant Shendre
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Emek G Durmusoglu
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Vytautas Valuckas
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sourav Adhikary
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ramon Paniagua-Dominguez
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- UNAM─Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, The National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Arseniy I Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Lu Z, Luo XQ, Liu WM, Wang XL. Multi-Wavelength Selective and Broadband Near-Infrared Plasmonic Switches in Anisotropic Plasmonic Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3141. [PMID: 38133038 PMCID: PMC10745881 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic plasmonic metasurfaces have attracted broad research interest since they possess novel optical properties superior to natural materials and their tremendous design flexibility. However, the realization of multi-wavelength selective plasmonic metasurfaces that have emerged as promising candidates to uncover multichannel optical devices remains a challenge associated with weak modulation depths and narrow operation bandwidth. Herein, we propose and numerically demonstrate near-infrared multi-wavelength selective passive plasmonic switching (PPS) that encompasses high ON/OFF ratios and strong modulation depths via multiple Fano resonances (FRs) in anisotropic plasmonic metasurfaces. Specifically, the double FRs can be fulfilled and dedicated to establishing tailorable near-infrared dual-wavelength PPS. The multiple FRs mediated by in-plane mirror asymmetries cause the emergence of triple-wavelength PPS, whereas the multiple FRs governed by in-plane rotational asymmetries avail the implementation of the quasi-bound states in the continuum-endowed multi-wavelength PPS with the ability to unfold a tunable broad bandwidth. In addition, the strong polarization effects with in-plane anisotropic properties further validate the existence of the polarization-resolved multi-wavelength PPS. Our results provide an alternative approach to foster the achievement of multifunctional meta-devices in optical communication and information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yaojie Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qinke Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhendong Lu
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Luo
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wu-Ming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin-Lin Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Ultra-Fast Micro/Nano Technology and Advanced Laser Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Islam MS, Babicheva VE. Lattice Mie resonances and emissivity enhancement in mid-infrared iron pyrite metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:40380-40392. [PMID: 38041341 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
High-refractive-index antennas with characteristic dimensions comparable to wavelength have a remarkable ability to support pronounces electric and magnetic dipole resonances. Furthermore, periodic arrangements of such resonant antennas result in narrow and strong lattice resonances facilitated by the lattice. We design iron pyrite antennas operating in the mid-infrared spectral range due to the material's low-energy bandgap and high refractive index. We utilize Kirchhoff's law, stating that emissivity and absorptance are equal to each other in equilibrium, and we apply it to improve the thermal properties of the iron pyrite metasurface. Through the excitation of collective resonances and manipulation of the antenna lattice's period, we demonstrate our capacity to control emissivity peaks. These peaks stem from the resonant excitation of electric and magnetic dipoles within proximity to the Rayleigh anomalies. In the lattice of truncated-cone antennas, we observe Rabi splitting of electric and magnetic dipole lattice resonances originating from the antennas' broken symmetry. We demonstrate that the truncated-cone antenna lattices support strong out-of-plane magnetic dipole lattice resonances at oblique incidence. We show that the truncated-cone antennas, as opposed to disks or cones, facilitate a particularly strong resonance and bound state in the continuum at the normal incidence. Our work demonstrates the effective manipulation of emissivity peaks in iron pyrite metasurfaces through controlled lattice resonances and antenna design, offering promising avenues for mid-infrared spectral engineering.
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu W, Yan B, Jiang X. High performance sensor based on phase difference induced quasi-BIC and Fermi energy. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:6012-6014. [PMID: 37966776 DOI: 10.1364/ol.507991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a dielectric corrugated structure surrounded by two monolayer graphene and find that the structure supports bound states in the continuum (BIC). By introducing a phase difference between the upper and lower surface of dielectric grating, the symmetry of the structure is broken, and the BIC turns into quasi-BIC. In addition, we find that the Fermi energy of graphene strongly affect the spectral line. By controlling phase difference and Fermi energy of graphene, the ultrahigh Q-factor can be achieved. Finally, introducing a sensing medium at the incident side, the high performance sensor is realized.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zong X, Li L, Liu Y. Merging bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurfaces for ultrahigh-Q resonances. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5045-5048. [PMID: 37773381 DOI: 10.1364/ol.504476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The concept of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs) offers a simple approach to engineer metasurfaces with high-quality (Q) factors. However, traditional designs driven by symmetry-protected BICs require an extremely small perturbation parameter to obtain very large Q factors, complicating fabrication and limiting practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a BIC-driven structure composed of two coupled all-dielectric metasurfaces that enables ultrahigh-Q resonances even at large perturbations. The underlying mechanism enabling this is to merge the symmetry-protected BIC and Fabry-Pérot BIC in the parameter space by tuning the distance between the two metasurfaces, thereby altering the intrinsic radiation behavior of the isolated symmetry-protected BIC. It is found that this simple strategy results in Q factors that are three orders of magnitude higher than those with isolated-BIC configurations. Our approach provides a promising route for designing high-Q BIC nanostructures promising in exciting device applications as sensors and filters.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ju Y, Zhou H, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Deng X, Yang Z, Wang F, Gu Q, Deng G, Zuo H. The electro-optic spatial light modulator of lithium niobate metasurface based on plasmonic quasi-bound states in the continuum. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13965-13970. [PMID: 37565589 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Metasurface has attracted massive interest owing to its ability to control light arbitrarily in a wide range of applications, such as high-speed imaging, optical interconnection, and spectroscopy. Here we propose a free space light modulator combined with a gold grating metasurface based on lithium niobate (LiNbO3). The quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) are achieved in the metasurface. In addition, the plasmonic quasi-BIC and the guided-mode resonance (GMR) can be modulated by controlling the polarization of the incident light without any geometric adjustment. Thus, the working wavelength range from 1480 nm to 1620 nm was achieved, and the maximum resonance depth reached about 51% at the resonant wavelength. In addition, the insertion loss of the device was -2.8 dB at a wavelength of 1510 nm. Furthermore, the dynamic modulation speed reached up to 190 MHz and the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) could reach about 49 dB at a frequency of 65 MHz. The data showed potential for the material for applications such as near-infrared imaging, beam steering, and free-space optical communication links.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ju
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yulei Huang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yin Zhao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zuogang Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fangjie Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Qiongqiong Gu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Guoliang Deng
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Haoyi Zuo
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zinovyev VA, Smagina ZV, Zinovieva AF, Bloshkin AA, Dvurechenskii AV, Rodyakina EE, Stepikhova MV, Peretokin AV, Novikov AV. Emission Enhancement of Ge/Si Quantum Dots in Hybrid Structures with Subwavelength Lattice of Al Nanodisks. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2422. [PMID: 37686930 PMCID: PMC10490227 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of resonance interaction of plasmonic and photonic modes in hybrid metal-dielectric structures with square Al nanodisk lattices coupled with a Si waveguide layer were investigated using micro-photoluminescence (micro-PL) spectroscopy. As radiation sources, GeSi quantum dots were embedded in the waveguide. A set of narrow PL peaks superimposed on the broad bands were observed in the range of quantum dot emissions. At optimal parameters of Al nanodisks lattices, almost one order increasing of PL intensity was obtained. The experimental PL spectra are in good agreement with results of theoretical calculations. The realization of high-quality bound states in the continuum was confirmed by a comparative analysis of the experimental spectra and theoretical dispersion dependences. The results demonstrated the perspectives of these type structures for a flat band realization and supporting the slow light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Zinovyev
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.V.S.); (A.F.Z.); (A.A.B.); (A.V.D.); (E.E.R.)
| | - Zhanna V. Smagina
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.V.S.); (A.F.Z.); (A.A.B.); (A.V.D.); (E.E.R.)
| | - Aigul F. Zinovieva
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.V.S.); (A.F.Z.); (A.A.B.); (A.V.D.); (E.E.R.)
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksei A. Bloshkin
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.V.S.); (A.F.Z.); (A.A.B.); (A.V.D.); (E.E.R.)
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Dvurechenskii
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.V.S.); (A.F.Z.); (A.A.B.); (A.V.D.); (E.E.R.)
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Rodyakina
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.V.S.); (A.F.Z.); (A.A.B.); (A.V.D.); (E.E.R.)
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Margarita V. Stepikhova
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (A.V.P.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Artem V. Peretokin
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (A.V.P.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Alexey V. Novikov
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (A.V.P.); (A.V.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qiu D, Sun S, Cheng X, Jin X, Qiao Y, Zhang W, Yang D, Chen X, Li Z, Li J, Yao J. The bound state in the continuum in flexible terahertz metasurfaces enabled sensitive biosensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22319-22324. [PMID: 37578284 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a flexible device and novel electromagnetic resonances offers new dimensions to manipulate electromagnetic waves and promises new device functionalities. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate a flexible metasurface that can support the bound state in the continuum (BIC) in the terahertz regime. The metasurface consists of toroidal dipole resonant units on top of the flexible polyimide substrate, which can support a terahertz Friedrich-Wintgen BIC resonance, and the resonance characteristics can be tuned by changing the parameters of the coupling unit among two resonant modes. The BIC resonances under different bending conditions are analyzed and compared, showing decent mechanical robustness. The sensing application is demonstrated by combining Fetal Bovine Serum with the flexible BIC metasurface. The measured minimum detectable concentration is 0.007 mg mL-1. Benefiting from the mechanical flexibility and BIC resonance characteristics, our approach can effectively manipulate terahertz waves and have potential applications in the realization of multifunctional and flexible photonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Shuai Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Xuelan Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Yutong Qiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Dexing Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Zeren Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Jianquan Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Han Y, Meng C, Pan H, Qian J, Rao Z, Zhu L, Gui Y, Hu CM, An Z. Bound chiral magnonic polariton states for ideal microwave isolation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4730. [PMID: 37418518 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) present a unique solution for eliminating radiation loss. So far, most reported BICs are observed in transmission spectra, with only a few exceptions being in reflection spectra. The correlation between reflection BICs (r-BICs) and transmission BICs (t-BICs) remains unclear. Here, we report the presence of both r-BICs and t-BICs in a three-mode cavity magnonics. We develop a generalized framework of non-Hermitian scattering Hamiltonians to explain the observed bidirectional r-BICs and unidirectional t-BICs. In addition, we find the emergence of an ideal isolation point in the complex frequency plane, where the isolation direction can be switched by fine frequency detuning, thanks to chiral symmetry protection. Our results demonstrate the potential of cavity magnonics and also extend the conventional BICs theory through the application of a more generalized effective Hamiltonians theory. This work offers an alternative idea for designing functional devices in general wave optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Changhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zejin Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongsheng Gui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Can-Ming Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Zhenghua An
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000 Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu D, Ren Y, Huo Y, Cai Y, Ning T. Second harmonic generation in plasmonic metasurfaces enhanced by symmetry-protected dual bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:23127-23139. [PMID: 37475405 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate linear and nonlinear optical responses in metasurfaces consisting of Au double-gap split ring resonators (DSRRs). Symmetry-protected dual bound states in the continuum (BICs) in such plasmonic metasurfaces are observed at the near-infrared optical regime. Efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) is obtained at the quasi-BIC models due to the symmetry broken. The optimized SHG responses are obtained at the critical couplings between radiation and nonradiation processes at the linearly x- and y-polarized light, respectively. High conversion efficiency of SHG of a value 10-6 is arrived at the fundamental intensity of 10 GW/cm2 at the quasi-BIC wavelength under the y-polarized illumination. Large extrinsic and tunable chirality of linear and nonlinear optical responses empowered by quasi-BICs is acquired in asymmetry metasurfaces at oblique circularly polarized incidence. The results indicate that the plasmonic metasurfaces of symmetry-protected BICs at the near-infrared optical regime have great potential applications in the on-chip efficient frequency conversion, and the linear and nonlinear chiral manipulation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rossel S, Zhang W, Hafez HA, Fabretti S, Turchinovich D. Efficient terahertz optical filtering with large-area all-metal and polymer-metal woven wire meshes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19076-19088. [PMID: 37381332 DOI: 10.1364/oe.490078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Many components for terahertz (THz) optical filtering are mechanically fragile and are hard to produce with large aperture, making them unsuitable for applications where larger THz beam diameter is required. In this work, the THz optical properties of industrial-grade, readily available and inexpensive woven wire meshes are studied using THz time-domain spectroscopy and numerical simulations. These meshes are meter-sized, free-standing sheet materials that are principally attractive for the use as robust, large-area THz components. Our results show that such meshes can act as efficient, tunable THz bandpass filters due to sharp plasmonic resonance supported by the interwoven metallic wires. Further, the meshes that combine metallic and polymer wires act as efficient THz linear polarizers with a polarization extinction ratio (field) above 60:1 for frequencies below 3 THz.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang K, Chen Y, Yan S, Yang W. Nanostructured surface plasmon resonance sensors: Toward narrow linewidths. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16598. [PMID: 37292265 PMCID: PMC10245261 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance sensors have found wide applications in optical sensing field due to their excellent sensitivity to the slight refractive index change of surrounding medium. However, the intrinsically high optical losses in metals make it nontrivial to obtain narrow resonance spectra, which greatly limits the performance of surface plasmon resonance sensors. This review first introduces the influence factors of plasmon linewidths of metallic nanostructures. Then, various approaches to achieve narrow resonance linewidths are summarized, including the fabrication of nanostructured surface plasmon resonance sensors supporting surface lattice resonance/plasmonic Fano resonance or coupling with a photonic cavity, the preparation of surface plasmon resonance sensors with ultra-narrow resonators, as well as strategies such as platform-induced modification, alternating different dielectric layers, and the coupling with whispering-gallery-modes. Lastly, the applications and some existing challenges of surface plasmon resonance sensors are discussed. This review aims to provide guidance for the further development of nanostructured surface plasmon resonance sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenxing Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The topological properties of an object, associated with an integer called the topological invariant, are global features that cannot change continuously but only through abrupt variations, hence granting them intrinsic robustness. Engineered metamaterials (MMs) can be tailored to support highly nontrivial topological properties of their band structure, relative to their electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical response, representing one of the major breakthroughs in physics over the past decade. Here, we review the foundations and the latest advances of topological photonic and phononic MMs, whose nontrivial wave interactions have become of great interest to a broad range of science disciplines, such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the basic concepts, including the notion of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of natural electronic materials, before reviewing their photonic/phononic topological MM analogues, including 2D topological MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet topological insulators, 3D, higher-order, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs. We also discuss the topological aspects of scattering anomalies, chemical reactions and polaritons. This work aims at connecting the recent advances of topological concepts throughout a broad range of scientific areas and it highlights opportunities offered by topological MMs for the chemistry community and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Simon Yves
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang W, Srivastava YK, Tan TC, Wang Z, Singh R. Brillouin zone folding driven bound states in the continuum. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2811. [PMID: 37198151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-radiative bound states in the continuum (BICs) allow construction of resonant cavities with confined electromagnetic energy and high-quality (Q) factors. However, the sharp decay of the Q factor in the momentum space limits their usefulness for device applications. Here we demonstrate an approach to achieve sustainable ultrahigh Q factors by engineering Brillouin zone folding-induced BICs (BZF-BICs). All the guided modes are folded into the light cone through periodic perturbation that leads to the emergence of BZF-BICs possessing ultrahigh Q factors throughout the large, tunable momentum space. Unlike conventional BICs, BZF-BICs show perturbation-dependent dramatic enhancement of the Q factor in the entire momentum space and are robust against structural disorders. Our work provides a unique design path for BZF-BIC-based silicon metasurface cavities with extreme robustness against disorder while sustaining ultrahigh Q factors, offering potential applications in terahertz devices, nonlinear optics, quantum computing, and photonic integrated circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yogesh Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Thomas CaiWei Tan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li M, Ruan B, Zhang B, Gao E, Zhang Z, Chang X, Li H. Generation of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum in a graphene plasmonic waveguide system for optical switching. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14552-14557. [PMID: 37191145 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00572k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A graphene-involved plasmonic lossy system that allows coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and waveguide modes is proposed. The physical mechanism behind the hybrid resonance modes is investigated carefully through finite element method (FEM) simulations and rigorous coupled wave theory (RCWA). We demonstrate that by introducing an incident angle to break the symmetry of the structure, the bound states in the continuum (BIC) evolve to an observable quasi-BIC with new resonance dips, and the generated signals possess a very high Q-factor. Such transformation is investigated carefully by calculating the band structure of the system and the corresponding Q-factors. The results showed that the calculated results from the band structure are consistent with the simulations. In addition, the hybrid plasmonic system allows for switching modulation due to the tunability of graphene, and the max modulation depth of nearly 100% is reached. The outstanding Q-factor and dynamic tunability of this easy-to-fabricate hybrid structure may be helpful in engineering various plasmonic devices, including tunable optical switches, absorbers, sensors, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Banxian Ruan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Baihui Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Enduo Gao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Zhenbin Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Xia Chang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Hongjian Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu XJ, Yu Y, Liu D, Cui QL, Qi X, Chen Y, Qu G, Song L, Guo GP, Guo GC, Sun X, Ren XF. Coupling of Photon Emitters in Monolayer WS 2 with a Photonic Waveguide Based on Bound States in the Continuum. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3209-3216. [PMID: 37040479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
On-chip light sources are an essential component of scalable photonic integrated circuits (PICs), and coupling between light sources and waveguides has attracted a great deal of attention. Photonic waveguides based on bound states in the continuum (BICs) allow optical confinement in a low-refractive-index waveguide on a high-refractive-index substrate and thus can be employed for constructing PICs. In this work, we experimentally demonstrated that the photoluminescence (PL) from a monolayer of tungsten sulfide (WS2) could be coupled into a BIC waveguide on a lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) substrate. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations, we numerically obtained a coupling efficiency of ∼2.3% for an in-plane-oriented dipole and a near-zero loss at a wavelength of 620 nm. By breaking through the limits of 2D-material integration with conventional photonic architectures, our work offers a new perspective for light-matter coupling in monolithic PICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qi-Long Cui
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Xiaozhuo Qi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Guangyuan Qu
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi-Feng Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu L, Li T, Zhang Q, Xiao M, Qiu C. Universal Mirror-Stacking Approach for Constructing Topological Bound States in the Continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106301. [PMID: 36962038 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are counterintuitive localized states with eigenvalues embedded in the continuum of extended states. Recently, nontrivial band topology is exploited to enrich the BIC physics, resulting in topological BICs (TBICs) with extraordinary robustness against perturbations or disorders. Here, we propose a simple but universal mirror-stacking approach to turn nontrivial bound states of any topological monolayer model into TBICs. Physically, the mirror-stacked bilayer Hamiltonian can be decoupled into two independent subspaces of opposite mirror parities, each of which directly inherits the energy spectrum information and band topology of the original monolayer. By tuning the interlayer couplings, the topological bound state of one subspace can move into and out of the continuum of the other subspace continuously without hybridization. As representative examples, we construct one-dimensional first-order and two-dimensional higher-order TBICs, and demonstrate them unambiguously by acoustic experiments. Our findings will expand the research implications of both topological materials and BICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luohong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tianzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Chunyin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang X, Wang X, Ren Q, Cai H, Xin J, Lang Y, Xiao X, Lan Z, You J, Sha WEI. Temperature-controlled optical switch metasurface with large local field enhancement based on FW-BIC. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2023.1112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many researchers have explored the bound states in the continuum (BICs) as a particular bound wave state which can be used to achieve a very high Q-factor. High-Q factor devices, typically based on the bound states in the continuum (BICs), are well used in the fields of hypersensitive biochemical sensors, non-linear effects enhancement, plasmon lasers, and hi-performance filtering. However, symmetrical-protected BIC is difficult to achieve experimentally high-Q factor because it strongly depends on the geometry and can be destroyed by any slight disturbance in the potential well.Methods: Therefore, we proposed a parameter-adjusted Friedrich-Wintergen BIC based on the analysis model of time-coupled model theory, where the target system parameters can be tuned to achieve high-Q excitation.Results: Moreover, considering the tunability and flexibility of the components in various practical applications, we integrate active materials into metasurface arrays with the help of external stimuli to achieve modulation of high-Q resonances. Our results demonstrate that an optical resonator based on FW-BIC can modulate the BIC state by changing the intermediate gap.Discussion: The BIC state and the high-Q factor Fano resonance can be dynamically tuned by adding temperature-sensitive VO2 material.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang X, Wang X, Ren Q, Cai H, Xin J, Lang Y, Xiao X, Lan Z, You JW, Sha WEI. Polarization multiplexing multichannel high-Q terahertz sensing system. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2023.1112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Terahertz functional devices with high-Q factor play an important role in spectral sensing, security imaging, and wireless communication. The reported terahertz devices based on the electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) effect cannot meet the needs of high-Q in practical applications due to the low-Q factor. Therefore, to increase the Q-factor of resonance, researchers introduced the concept of bound state in the continuum (BIC). In the quasi-BIC state, the metasurface can be excited by the incident wave and provide resonance with a high-Q factor because the condition that the resonant state of the BIC state is orthogonal is not satisfied. The split ring resonator (SRR) is one of the most representative artificial microstructures in the metasurface field, and it shows great potential in BIC. In this paper, based on the classical single-SRR array structure, we combine the large and small SRR and change the resonance mode of the inner and outer SRR by changing the outer radius of the inner SRR. The metasurface based on parameter-tuned BIC verified that the continuous modulation of parameters in a system could make a pair of resonant states strongly coupled, and the coherent cancellation of the resonant states will cause the linewidth of one of the resonant states to disappear, thus forming BIC. Compared with the single-SRR array metasurface based on symmetry-protected BIC, the dual-SRR array metasurface designed in this paper has multiple accidental BICs and realizes multichannel multiplexing of X-polarization and Y-polarization. It provides a brilliant platform for high-sensitivity optical sensor array, low threshold laser and efficient optical harmonic generation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Observation of intrinsic chiral bound states in the continuum. Nature 2023; 613:474-478. [PMID: 36653568 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Photons with spin angular momentum possess intrinsic chirality, which underpins many phenomena including nonlinear optics1, quantum optics2, topological photonics3 and chiroptics4. Intrinsic chirality is weak in natural materials, and recent theoretical proposals5-7 aimed to enlarge circular dichroism by resonant metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum that enhance substantially chiral light-matter interactions. Those insightful works resort to three-dimensional sophisticated geometries, which are too challenging to be realized for optical frequencies8. Therefore, most of the experimental attempts9-11 showing strong circular dichroism rely on false/extrinsic chirality by using either oblique incidence9,10 or structural anisotropy11. Here we report on the experimental realization of true/intrinsic chiral response with resonant metasurfaces in which the engineered slant geometry breaks both in-plane and out-of-plane symmetries. Our result marks, to our knowledge, the first observation of intrinsic chiral bound states in the continuum with near-unity circular dichroism of 0.93 and a high quality factor exceeding 2,663 for visible frequencies. Our chiral metasurfaces may lead to a plethora of applications in chiral light sources and detectors, chiral sensing, valleytronics and asymmetric photocatalysis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun X, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang L, Qiu F, Wen L. Manipulating Dual Bound States in the Continuum for Efficient Spatial Light Modulator. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9982-9989. [PMID: 36475737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatial light modulators (SLMs) that could control diverse optical properties are highly demanded by many optoelectronic systems. Recently, the integration of nonlinear χ(2) materials and metasurfaces has been recognized as a promising strategy for next-generation SLMs. However, their modulation efficiency still encounters challenges due to low quality factor and weak light-matter interaction. Here, we demonstrate an efficient SLM by manipulating the dual bound state in continuum (BIC) with the assistance of a binary-pore anodic alumina oxide template technique. The coexistence of symmetry-protected BIC and Fabry-Pérot BIC is obtained by a desirable sandwich configuration with a BIC metasurface and EO polymer, which efficiently restrain radiative loss and generate a strong quasi-BIC resonance. The assembled SLM with large absorption and Q-factor delivers a modulation depth of 77% and an f3 dB of nearly 100 MHz. This dual BIC metasurface provides potential for applications including switches, LIDAR, augmented and virtual reality, and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Sun
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future (RCIF), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Research Center for Industries of the Future (RCIF), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future (RCIF), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Lang Wang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future (RCIF), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou310018, China
- Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Gravitational Wave Precision Measurement of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Liaoyong Wen
- Research Center for Industries of the Future (RCIF), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gao Y, Xu L, Shen X. Q-factor mediated quasi-BIC resonances coupling in asymmetric dimer lattices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:46680-46692. [PMID: 36558614 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Resonance coupling in the regime of bound states in the continuum (BICs) provides an efficient method for engineering nanostructure's optical response with various lineshape while maintaining an ultra-narrow linewidth feature, where the quality factor of resonances plays a crucial role. Independent manipulation of the Q factors of BIC resonances enables full control of interaction behavior as well as both near- and far-field light engineering. In this paper, we harness reflection symmetry (RS) and translational symmetry (TS) protected BIC resonances supported in an asymmetric dimer lattice and investigate Q-factor-mediated resonance coupling behavior under controlled TS and RS perturbations. We focus on in-plane electrical dipole BIC (EDi-BIC) and magnetic dipole BIC (MD-BIC) which are protected by RS, and out-of-plane electrical dipole BIC (EDo-BIC) protected by TS. The coupling between EDi-BIC and EDo-BIC exhibits a resonance crossing behavior where the transmission spectrum at the crossing could be tuned flexibly, showing an electromagnetically induced transparency lineshape or satisfying the lattice Kerker condition with pure phase modulation capability depending on TS and RS perturbed Q factors. While the coupling between MD-BIC and EDo-BIC shows an avoided resonance crossing behavior, where the strongly coupled resonances would lead to the formation of a Friedrich-Wintgen BICs whose spectral position could also be shifted by tuning the Q factors. Our results suggest an intriguing platform to explore BIC resonance interactions with independent Q factor manipulation capability for realizing multi-functional meta-devices.
Collapse
|
33
|
Aigner A, Tittl A, Wang J, Weber T, Kivshar Y, Maier SA, Ren H. Plasmonic bound states in the continuum to tailor light-matter coupling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd4816. [PMID: 36490330 PMCID: PMC9733921 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon resonances play a pivotal role in enhancing light-matter interactions in nanophotonics, but their low-quality factors have hindered applications demanding high spectral selectivity. Here, we demonstrate the design and 3D laser nanoprinting of plasmonic nanofin metasurfaces, which support symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum up to the fourth order. By breaking the nanofins' out-of-plane symmetry in parameter space, we achieve high-quality factor (up to 180) modes under normal incidence. The out-of-plane symmetry breaking can be fine-tuned by the nanofins' triangle angle, opening a pathway to precisely control the ratio of radiative to intrinsic losses. This enables access to the under-, critical, and over-coupled regimes, which we exploit for pixelated molecular sensing. We observe a strong dependence of the sensing performance on the coupling regime, demonstrating the importance of judicious tailoring of light-matter interactions. Our demonstration provides a metasurface platform for enhanced light-matter interaction with a wide range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Aigner
- Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Juan Wang
- Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 80539, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Haoran Ren
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Luo M, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wu X. Label-Free Bound-States-in-the-Continuum Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1120. [PMID: 36551087 PMCID: PMC9775062 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted considerable attentions for biological and chemical sensing due to their infinite quality (Q)-factors in theory. Such high-Q devices with enhanced light-matter interaction ability are very sensitive to the local refractive index changes, opening a new horizon for advanced biosensing. In this review, we focus on the latest developments of label-free optical biosensors governed by BICs. These BICs biosensors are summarized from the perspective of constituent materials (i.e., dielectric, metal, and hybrid) and structures (i.e., grating, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals). Finally, the current challenges are discussed and an outlook is also presented for BICs inspired biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - You Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 640041, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shi C, Hu J, Liu X, Liang J, Zhao J, Han H, Zhu Q. Double-layer symmetric gratings with bound states in the continuum for dual-band high- Q optical sensing. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:1408-1417. [PMID: 36483638 PMCID: PMC9704010 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we theoretically demonstrate that a double-layer symmetric gratings (DLSG) resonator consisting of a low-refractive-index layer sandwiched between two high-contrast gratings (HCG) layers, can host dual-band high-quality (Q) factor resonance. We find that the artificial bound states in the continuum (BIC) and Fabry-Pérot BIC (FP-BIC) can be induced by optimizing structural parameters of DLSG. Interestingly, the artificial BIC is governed by the spacing between the two rectangular dielectric gratings, while the FP-BIC is achieved by controlling the cavity length of the structure. Further, the two types of BIC can be converted into quasi-BIC (QBIC) by either changing the spacing between adjacent gratings or changing the distance between the upper and lower gratings. The simulation results show that the dual-band high-performance sensor is achieved with the highest sensitivity of 453 nm/RIU and a maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 9808. Such dual-band high-Q resonator is expected to have promising applications in multi-wavelength sensing and nonlinear optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Shi
- School of Mathematics and Physics Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Hu
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, P. R. China
| | - Junfang Liang
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Han
- School of Mathematics and Physics Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, P. R. China
| | - Qiaofen Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Physics Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zong X, Li L, Yu K, Liu Y. Enhanced light-matter interactions in ultrathin transition-metal-dichalcogenide metasurfaces by magnetic and toroidal dipole bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43104-43117. [PMID: 36523016 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiating states of light have recently received a lot of attention in nanophotonics owing to their ability to confine and enhance the electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale. Such optical states not only offer a promising way to overcome the problem of losses associated with plasmonic materials, but also constitute an efficient platform for interaction of light and matter. Here, we report the radiationless states in compact, ultrathin transition-metal-dichalcogenide metasurfaces, namely bound states in the continuum (BICs). Through applying the multipole analysis to the BIC-based metasurfaces, we demonstrate that the BICs can be classified as magnetic dipole (MD) and electric toroidal dipole (TD) modes, both of which correspond to the Γ-point symmetry-protected BIC. Due to the large field confinement inside the nanoresonators originating from the BICs, the strong coupling is realized between quasi-BICs and the exciton resonance, showing that the Rabi splitting energy can be up to 134 meV and 162 meV for the MD and TD quasi-BIC, respectively. We reveal that reduction of the effective mode volume is highly responsible for the enhancement of coupling strength. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a large mode volume can lead to increase of the field leakage, which enables our metasurfaces to find applications in, for instance, label-free sensing based on refractometric detection.
Collapse
|
37
|
Coherent momentum control of forbidden excitons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6916. [PMID: 36376323 PMCID: PMC9663599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA double-edged sword in two-dimensional material science and technology is optically forbidden dark exciton. On the one hand, it is fascinating for condensed matter physics, quantum information processing, and optoelectronics due to its long lifetime. On the other hand, it is notorious for being optically inaccessible from both excitation and detection standpoints. Here, we provide an efficient and low-loss solution to the dilemma by reintroducing photonics bound states in the continuum (BICs) to manipulate dark excitons in the momentum space. In a monolayer tungsten diselenide under normal incidence, we demonstrated a giant enhancement (~1400) for dark excitons enabled by transverse magnetic BICs with intrinsic out-of-plane electric fields. By further employing widely tunable Friedrich-Wintgen BICs, we demonstrated highly directional emission from the dark excitons with a divergence angle of merely 7°. We found that the directional emission is coherent at room temperature, unambiguously shown in polarization analyses and interference measurements. Therefore, the BICs reintroduced as a momentum-space photonic environment could be an intriguing platform to reshape and redefine light-matter interactions in nearby quantum materials, such as low-dimensional materials, otherwise challenging or even impossible to achieve.
Collapse
|
38
|
Park KW, Kim J, Seo J, Moon S, Jeong K, An K. Entropic comparison of Landau-Zener and Demkov interactions in the phase space of a quadrupole billiard. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2022; 32:103101. [PMID: 36319274 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate two types of avoided crossings in a chaotic billiard within the framework of information theory. The Shannon entropy in the phase space for the Landau-Zener interaction increases as the center of the avoided crossing is approached, whereas for the Demkov interaction, the Shannon entropy decreases as the center of avoided crossing is passed by with an increase in the deformation parameter. This feature can provide a new indicator for scar formation. In addition, it is found that the Fisher information of the Landau-Zener interaction is significantly larger than that of the Demkov interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K-W Park
- Research Institute of Mathematics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - J Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - S Moon
- Faculty of Liberal Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - K Jeong
- Research Institute of Mathematics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - K An
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Quasi-BIC-Based High-Q Perfect Absorber with Decoupled Resonant Wavelength and Q Factor. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11152313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Q factor in a quasi-BIC-based optical device can approach infinity and has therefore been attracting the attention of many researchers in recent years. However, this mode is barely applied to absorbers since it mainly tunes the radiative loss. The resonant wavelength of quasi-BICs normally couples with the Q factor, and it is difficult to independently tune one of them while maintaining the other, which weakens the flexibility of tuning. In this work, a quasi-BIC-based high-Q perfect absorber with some unique features is proposed. It shows a decoupled relationship between the resonant wavelength and the Q factor such that these two properties can be independently tuned by changing different structure parameters. In addition, both radiative and resistive losses are tunable. An easy method is proposed to design a perfect absorber with different resonant wavelengths and different Q factors, and a near-infrared perfect absorber with a Q factor as high as 5.13 × 105 is designed. This work proposes a method to tune the quasi-BIC mode, thereby introducing a new paradigm for the design of a high-Q perfect absorber.
Collapse
|
40
|
Kang M, Mao L, Zhang S, Xiao M, Xu H, Chan CT. Merging bound states in the continuum by harnessing higher-order topological charges. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:228. [PMID: 35853861 PMCID: PMC9296527 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) can confine light with a theoretically infinite Q factor. However, in practical on-chip resonators, scattering loss caused by inevitable fabrication imperfection leads to finite Q factors due to the coupling of BICs with nearby radiative states. Merging multiple BICs can improve the robustness of BICs against fabrication imperfection by improving the Q factors of nearby states over a broad wavevector range. To date, the studies of merging BICs have been limited to fundamental BICs with topological charges ±1. Here we show the unique advantages of higher-order BICs (those with higher-order topological charges) in constructing merging BICs. Merging multiple BICs with a higher-order BIC can further improve the Q factors compared with those involving only fundamental BICs. In addition, higher-order BICs offer great flexibility in realizing steerable off-Γ merging BICs. A higher-order BIC at Γ can split into a few off-Γ fundamental BICs by reducing the system symmetry. The split BICs can then be tuned to merge with another BIC, e.g., an accidental BIC, at an off-Γ point. When the in-plane mirror symmetry is further broken, merging BICs become steerable in the reciprocal space. Merging BICs provide a paradigm to achieve robust ultrahigh-Q resonances, which are important in enhancing nonlinear and quantum effects and improving the performance of optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kang
- School of Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Mao
- School of Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- School of Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Che Ting Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu D, Li X, Huo Y, Jiang S, Yue Q, Ning T. Evolution of optical harmonic generation near bound-states in the continuum in hybrid plasmonic-photonic structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26455-26463. [PMID: 36236836 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the nonlinear optical harmonic generation behaviors near the bound-states in the continuum (BICs) in hybrid plasmonic-photonic structures. The hybrid structures are designed to consist of a plasmonic grating covered with a nonlinear dielectric waveguide layer, which support two distinct groups of BICs, i.e. the symmetry-protected BICs and Friedrich-Wintgen BICs. The evolution of second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) near the two groups of BICs was studied. The high dependence of nonlinear response on the local field distribution and tensor components of susceptibility of nonlinear materials was determined. Especially, there exists optimized angles of incidence for efficient SHG and THG response due to the interaction of photonic and plasmonic modes. The results are important to understand the nonlinear response behaviors in hybrid plasmonic-photonic structures and to design the nonlinear photonic devices.
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang L, Zhang W, Zhang X. Moiré Quasibound States in the Continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:253901. [PMID: 35802444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.253901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The novel physics of twisted bilayer graphene has motivated extensive studies of magic-angle flat bands hosted by moiré structures in electronic, photonic, and acoustic systems. On the other hand, bound states in the continuum (BICs) have also attracted great attention in recent years because of their potential applications in the field of designing superior optical devices. Here, we combine these two independent concepts to construct a new optical state in a twisted bilayer photonic crystal slab, which is called as moiré quasi-BIC, and numerically demonstrate that such an exotic optical state possesses dual characteristics of moiré flat bands and quasi-BICs. To illustrate the mechanism for the formation of moiré flat bands, we develop an effective model at the center of the Brillouin zone and show that moiré flat bands could be fulfilled by balancing the interlayer coupling strength and the twist angle around the band edge above the light line. Moreover, by decreasing the twist angle of moiré photonic crystal slabs with flat bands, it is shown that the moiré flat-band mode at the Brillouin center gradually approaches a perfect BIC, where the total radiation loss from all diffraction channels is significantly suppressed. To clarify the advantage of moiré quasi-BICs, enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) is numerically proven with a wide-angle optical source. The efficiency of SHG assisted by designed moiré quasi-BICs can be greatly improved compared with that based on dispersive quasi-BICs with similar quality factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Weixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen Y, Liu Z, Li Y, Hu Z, Wu J, Wang J. Adjustable converter of bound state in the continuum basing on metal-graphene hybrid metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23828-23839. [PMID: 36225056 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The bound state in the continuum (BIC) is widely applied to metamaterial study in order to obtain robust resonance and high quality (Q) factor. In this paper, we propose a metallic metasurface structure that can support double types of BICs, and acquire quasi-BIC state by restructuring each type with a specific approach. Electric field distribution is investigated to explore the physic mechanism behind the evolution of BICs. Moreover, we substitute structured graphene with corresponding metal counterparts. The promoted design is able to switch freely between BIC and quasi-BIC state even after the fabrication, as the graphene would convert from semiconductor-like to metal-like when increasing the Fermi level. Further exploration on electric field distribution demonstrates the metallicity difference between graphene and gold, which leads to the exotic phenomenon emerge on the proposed metal-graphene structure. Finally, the proposed metal-graphene structure is applied to a digital coding display through Fermi level regulating. Therefore, our work provides deep insights to the BIC metasurface investigation, and introduces a desirable improvement for current BIC metasurface design to achieve the free conversion between BIC and quasi-BIC states.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zheng X, Wu J, Zhang J, Yu A, Yuan Y, Guo X, Zhu Y. Terahertz hybrid optical-plasmonic modes: tunable resonant frequency, narrow linewidth, and strong local field enhancement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19889-19903. [PMID: 36221753 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid optical-plasmonic modes have the characteristics of low loss and small mode volume, which will result in the strong localization and enhancement of electromagnetic field. Such advantages of hybrid optical-plasmonic mode are important for the enhancement of light-matter interactions. Here, terahertz (THz) hybrid modes of Fabry-Perot resonances (FPRs) and spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) in the modified Otto scheme are investigated both in theoretical and experimental aspects. The device structure is composed of a metal grating silicon waveguide (MGSW) and a metal slit grating (MSG). The two components are vertically stacked with a variable air gap between them. The THz hybrid modes are originated from the far-field coupling of the FPRs and the SSPP supported by the air gap and the MSG, respectively. By changing the thickness of the air gap, the resonant frequency of the FPR-SSPP modes can be tuned in a frequency range of about 0.1 THz. An anti-crossing behavior between two reflection dips corresponding to the guided-mode resonance in the MGSW and the FPR-SSPP mode is observed, which leads to the narrowing of the reflection dips in the anti-crossing region. Numerical simulations show that at the resonant frequencies of FPR-SSPP mode, there is a huge volume-averaged electromagnetic energy enhancement of about 1600 times in the grooves of the MSG, which is around 8.7 times larger than that induced by the SSPP directly launched by free-space electromagnetic field. The hybrid FPR-SSPP modes can be used to construct THz sensors and detectors with high sensitivity.
Collapse
|
45
|
Bound States in the Continuum Empower Subwavelength Gratings for Refractometers in Visible. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a compact refractometer in visible with optical bounds states in the continuum (BICs) using silicon nitride (Si3N4) based sub-wavelength medium contrast gratings (MCGs). The proposed device is highly sensitive to different polarization states of light and allows a wide dynamic range from 1.330 (aqueous environment) to 1.420 (biomolecules) monitoring, apart from its being thermally stable. The proposed sensor has a sensitivity of 363 nm/RIU for X polarized light and 137 nm/RIU for Y polarized light. The spectral characteristics have been obtained with a high angular resolution for the smaller angle of incidence, which confirms the BIC hybrid modes with good quality factors and enhanced field confinement. The device is based on a normal-to-the-surface optical launching strategy to achieve exceptional interrogation stability and alignment-free performance. This system can also be used in the CMOS photodetectors for on-chip label-free biosensing.
Collapse
|
46
|
Gao E, Li H, Liu Z, Xiong C, Liu C, Ruan B, Li M, Zhang B. Investigation of bound states in the continuum in dual-band perfect absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:14817-14827. [PMID: 35473217 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the light-matter interaction of two-dimensional materials in the visible and near-infrared regions is highly required in optical devices. In this paper, the optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) that can enhance the interaction between light and matter are observed in the grating-graphene-Bragg mirror structure. The system can generate a dual-band perfect absorption spectrum contributed by guided-mode resonance (GMR) and Tamm plasmon polarition (TPP) modes. The optical switch can also be obtained by switching the TE-TM wave. The dual-band absorption response is analyzed by numerical simulation and coupled-mode theory (CMT), with the dates of each approach displaying consistency. Research shows that the GMR mode can be turned into the Fabry-Pérot BICs through the transverse resonance principle (TRP). The band structures and field distributions of the proposed loss system can further explain the BIC mechanism. Both static (grating pitch P) and dynamic parameters (incident angle θ) can be modulated to generate the Fabry-Pérot BICs. Moreover, we explained the reason why the strong coupling between the GMR and TPPs modes does not produce the Friedrich-Wintgen BIC. Taken together, the proposed structure can not only be applied to dual-band perfect absorbers and optical switches but also provides guidance for the realization of Fabry-Pérot BICs in lossy systems.
Collapse
|
47
|
Numerical Study on a Bound State in the Continuum Assisted Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic sensors have attracted intensive attention due to their high sensitivity. However, due to intrinsic metallic loss, plasmonic sensors usually have a large full width at half maximum (FWHM) that limits the wavelength resolution. In this paper, we numerically investigate and propose a dielectric grating-assisted plasmonic device, leveraging the bound states in the continuum (BIC) effect to suppress the FWHM of the resonance. We initiate quasi-SP-BIC modes at 1559 nm and 1905 nm wavelengths by slightly tilting the incident angle at 2° to break the symmetry, featuring a narrow linewidth of 1.8 nm and 0.18 nm at these two wavelengths, respectively. Refractive index sensing has also been investigated, showing high sensitivity of 938 nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 521/RIU at 1559 nm and even higher sensitivity of 1264 nm/RIU and FOM of 7022/RIU at 1905 nm.
Collapse
|
48
|
Trinh QT, Nguyen SK, Nguyen DH, Tran GK, Le VH, Nguyen HS, Le-Van Q. Coexistence of surface lattice resonances and bound states in the continuum in a plasmonic lattice. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1510-1513. [PMID: 35290351 DOI: 10.1364/ol.447933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical study on a 2D array of plasmonic structures covered by a subwavelength film. We explain the origin of surface lattice resonances (SLRs) using the coupled dipole approximation and show that the diffraction-assisted plasmonic resonances and formation of bound states in the continuum (BICs) can be controlled by altering the optical environment. Our study shows that when the refractive index contrast Δn < -0.1, the SLR cannot be excited, while a significant contrast (Δn > 0.3) not only sustains plasmonic-induced resonances but also forms both symmetry-protected and accidental BICs. The results can aid the streamlined design of plasmonic lattices in studies on light-matter interactions and applications in biosensors and optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu P, Xie C, Song Q, Chen A, Xiang H, Han D, Zi J. Bound states in the continuum based on the total internal reflection of Bloch waves. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 10:nwac043. [PMID: 36789104 PMCID: PMC9910412 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A photonic-crystal slab can support bound states in the continuum (BICs) that have infinite lifetimes but are embedded into the continuous spectrum of optical modes in free space. The formation of BICs requires a total internal reflection (TIR) condition at both interfaces between the slab and the free space. Here, we show that the TIR of Bloch waves can be directly obtained based on the generalized Fresnel equations proposed. If each of these Bloch waves picks up a phase with integer multiples of 2π for traveling a round trip, light can be perfectly guided in the slab, namely forming a BIC. A BIC solver with low computational complexity and fast convergence speed is developed, which can also work efficiently at high frequencies beyond the diffraction limit where multiple radiation channels exist. Two examples of multi-channel BICs are shown and their topological nature in momentum space is also revealed. Both can be attributed to the coincidence of the topological charges of far-field radiations from different radiation channels. The concept of the generalized TIR and the TIR-based BIC solver developed offer highly effective approaches for explorations of BICs that could have many potential applications in guided-wave optics and enhanced light-matter interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qianju Song
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing 401331, China
| | | | - Jian Zi
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang J, Gurung S, Bej S, Ni P, Howard Lee HW. Active optical metasurfaces: comprehensive review on physics, mechanisms, and prospective applications. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:036101. [PMID: 35244609 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac2aaf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces with subwavelength thickness hold considerable promise for future advances in fundamental optics and novel optical applications due to their unprecedented ability to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of transmitted, reflected, and diffracted light. Introducing active functionalities to optical metasurfaces is an essential step to the development of next-generation flat optical components and devices. During the last few years, many attempts have been made to develop tunable optical metasurfaces with dynamic control of optical properties (e.g., amplitude, phase, polarization, spatial/spectral/temporal responses) and early-stage device functions (e.g., beam steering, tunable focusing, tunable color filters/absorber, dynamic hologram, etc) based on a variety of novel active materials and tunable mechanisms. These recently-developed active metasurfaces show significant promise for practical applications, but significant challenges still remain. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recently-reported tunable metasurfaces is provided which focuses on the ten major tunable metasurface mechanisms. For each type of mechanism, the performance metrics on the reported tunable metasurface are outlined, and the capabilities/limitations of each mechanism and its potential for various photonic applications are compared and summarized. This review concludes with discussion of several prospective applications, emerging technologies, and research directions based on the use of tunable optical metasurfaces. We anticipate significant new advances when the tunable mechanisms are further developed in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Sudip Gurung
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Subhajit Bej
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Peinan Ni
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Ho Wai Howard Lee
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|