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Wu T, Ge J, Wu Q, Ren X, Meng F, Wang J, Xi S, Wang X, Elouarzaki K, Fisher A, Xu ZJ. Tailoring atomic chemistry to refine reaction pathway for the most enhancement by magnetization in water oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318652121. [PMID: 38687781 PMCID: PMC11087795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318652121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation on magnetic catalysts has generated significant interest due to the spin-polarization effect. Recent studies have revealed that the disappearance of magnetic domain wall upon magnetization is responsible for the observed oxygen evolution reaction (OER) enhancement. However, an atomic picture of the reaction pathway remains unclear, i.e., which reaction pathway benefits most from spin-polarization, the adsorbent evolution mechanism, the intermolecular mechanism (I2M), the lattice oxygen-mediated one, or more? Here, using three model catalysts with distinguished atomic chemistries of active sites, we are able to reveal the atomic-level mechanism. We found that spin-polarized OER mainly occurs at interconnected active sites, which favors direct coupling of neighboring ligand oxygens (I2M). Furthermore, our study reveals the crucial role of lattice oxygen participation in spin-polarized OER, significantly facilitating the coupling kinetics of neighboring oxygen radicals at active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Fanxu Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Jiarui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore627833, Singapore
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kamal Elouarzaki
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Center for Advanced Catalysis Science and Technology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3RA, United Kingdom
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, Singapore138602, Singapore
| | - Zhichuan J. Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Center for Advanced Catalysis Science and Technology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, Singapore138602, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @Nanyang Technological University, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
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2
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Marychev PM, Chen Y. The Type-II/Type-I Crossover in Dirty Ferromagnetic Superconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11573-11579. [PMID: 38099821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the intertype (IT) domain in strongly disordered ferromagnetic superconductors with a Curie temperature lower than the superconducting critical temperature. In such unique materials, the coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism allows for the exploration of both unconventional superconductivity and the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity. The study utilizes an extended Ginzburg-Landau model for the dirty limit to calculate the boundaries of the IT domain, which is characterized by a complex vortex-vortex interaction and exotic vortex configurations. The analysis reveals that the IT domain in dirty ferromagnetic superconductors is not qualitatively different from that in the clean case and remains similarly large, suggesting that disorder does not hinder the exploration of the rich variety of IT superconductivity in ferromagnetic superconductors. This work expands our understanding of the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism in complex materials and could guide future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yajiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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3
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Sanchez JJ, Fabbris G, Choi Y, DeStefano JM, Rosenberg E, Shi Y, Malinowski P, Huang Y, Mazin II, Kim JW, Chu JH, Ryan PJ. Strain-switchable field-induced superconductivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj5200. [PMID: 38000034 PMCID: PMC10672156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Field-induced superconductivity is a rare phenomenon where an applied magnetic field enhances or induces superconductivity. Here, we use applied stress as a control switch between a field-tunable superconducting state and a robust non-field-tunable state. This marks the first demonstration of a strain-tunable superconducting spin valve with infinite magnetoresistance. We combine tunable uniaxial stress and applied magnetic field on the ferromagnetic superconductor Eu(Fe0.88Co0.12)2As2 to shift the field-induced zero-resistance temperature between 4 K and a record-high value of 10 K. We use x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy measurements under stress and field to reveal that strain tuning of the nematic order and field tuning of the ferromagnetism act as independent control parameters of the superconductivity. Combining comprehensive measurements with DFT calculations, we propose that field-induced superconductivity arises from a novel mechanism, namely, the uniquely dominant effect of the Eu dipolar field when the exchange field splitting is nearly zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Sanchez
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gilberto Fabbris
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yongseong Choi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | | | - Elliott Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul Malinowski
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yina Huang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Igor I. Mazin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Quantum Science and Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Jong-Woo Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Philip J. Ryan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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4
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Pietruszka MA. Collective excitations at non-equilibrium phase transition in metabolically active red blood cells. Biosystems 2023; 223:104804. [PMID: 36372198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Collective excitations of superconductors and superfluids have been extensively studied in condensed matter physics, while recent experimental advances have made it possible to study the non-equilibrium dynamics of human blood. Here, we show that some dynamic quantitative metrics calculated for the ion fluxes of two isolated peripheral blood droplets that were spatially separated by the presence of a semiconductor exhibited the characteristic features of a quasi-particle (or collective excitation) at a critical point. In the experiment, the spontaneous peak, which indicates order, appeared at a physiological (hereafter: critical) temperature of 36 °C in the human blood. The ordering effect, which was still present in the weak magnetic field of 350 mT, disappeared above the critical magnetic field of approximately 500 mT, suggesting a dynamic Meissner effect in the system (henceforth "dynamic" means derived from the "time series" - a series of real numbers). Moreover, a superconducting gap ratio of approx. 2.91 was found below the upper limit (4) of the BCS theory for weak coupling. Both these effects indicate the existence of a "superconducting" (ion) environment that is conducive to the emergence of quasiparticles. While the dynamic structure of the time series is substantially isotropic at temperatures beyond the phase transition, the system undergoes symmetry breakdown and non-equilibrium phase transition at a critical state. The designated series of dynamic variables can be used in medicine, inter alia, in screening tests as new indicators describing the patient's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz A Pietruszka
- University of Silesia, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 28 Jagiellońska St., PL-40032, Katowice, Poland.
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Ghimire S, Kończykowski M, Cho K, Tanatar MA, Torsello D, Veshchunov IS, Tamegai T, Ghigo G, Prozorov R. Effect of Controlled Artificial Disorder on the Magnetic Properties of EuFe 2(As 1-xP x) 2 Ferromagnetic Superconductor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3267. [PMID: 34199183 PMCID: PMC8231935 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Static (DC) and dynamic (AC, at 14 MHz and 8 GHz) magnetic susceptibilities of single crystals of a ferromagnetic superconductor, EuFe2(As1-xPx)2 (x = 0.23), were measured in pristine state and after different doses of 2.5 MeV electron or 3.5 MeV proton irradiation. The superconducting transition temperature, Tc(H), shows an extraordinarily large decrease. It starts at Tc(H=0)≈24K in the pristine sample for both AC and DC measurements, but moves to almost half of that value after moderate irradiation dose. Remarkably, after the irradiation not only Tc moves significantly below the FM transition, its values differ drastically for measurements at different frequencies, ≈16 K in AC measurements and ≈12 K in a DC regime. We attribute such a large difference in Tc to the appearance of the spontaneous internal magnetic field below the FM transition, so that the superconductivity develops directly into the mixed spontaneous vortex-antivortex state where the onset of diamagnetism is known to be frequency-dependent. We also examined the response to the applied DC magnetic fields and studied the annealing of irradiated samples, which almost completely restores the superconducting transition. Overall, our results suggest that in EuFe2(As1-xPx)2 superconductivity is affected by local-moment ferromagnetism mostly via the spontaneous internal magnetic fields induced by the FM subsystem. Another mechanism is revealed upon irradiation where magnetic defects created in ordered Eu2+ lattice act as efficient pairbreakers leading to a significant Tc reduction upon irradiation compared to other 122 compounds. On the other hand, the exchange interactions seem to be weakly screened by the superconducting phase leading to a modest increase of Tm (less than 1 K) after the irradiation drives Tc to below Tm. Our results suggest that FM and SC phases coexist microscopically in the same volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Ghimire
- Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.T.)
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marcin Kończykowski
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/lRAMIS, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Kyuil Cho
- Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Makariy A. Tanatar
- Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.T.)
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Daniele Torsello
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, 10129 Torino, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ivan S. Veshchunov
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (I.S.V.); (T.T.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Tamegai
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (I.S.V.); (T.T.)
| | - Gianluca Ghigo
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, 10129 Torino, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ruslan Prozorov
- Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.T.)
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Stolyarov VS, Pervakov KS, Astrakhantseva AS, Golovchanskiy IA, Vyalikh DV, Kim TK, Eremeev SV, Vlasenko VA, Pudalov VM, Golubov AA, Chulkov EV, Roditchev D. Electronic Structures and Surface Reconstructions in Magnetic Superconductor RbEuFe 4As 4. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9393-9399. [PMID: 33095988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In pnictide RbEuFe4As4, superconductivity sets in at 36 K and coexists, below 15-19 K, with the long-range magnetic ordering of Eu 4f spins. Here we report scanning tunneling experiments performed on cold-cleaved single crystals of the compound. The data revealed the coexistence of large Rb-terminated and small Eu-terminated terraces, both manifesting 1 × 2 and 2×2 reconstructions. On 2×2 surfaces, a hidden electronic order with a period ∼5 nm was discovered. A superconducting gap of ∼7 meV was seen to be strongly filled with quasiparticle states. The tunneling spectra compared with density functional theory calculations confirmed that flat electronic bands due to Eu 4f orbitals are situated ∼1.8 eV below the Fermi level and thus do not contribute directly to Cooper pair formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily S Stolyarov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill S Pervakov
- Ginzburg Center for High Temperature Superconductivity and Quantum Materials, Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor A Golovchanskiy
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Vyalikh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Timur K Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey V Eremeev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vlasenko
- Ginzburg Center for High Temperature Superconductivity and Quantum Materials, Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Pudalov
- Ginzburg Center for High Temperature Superconductivity and Quantum Materials, Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Golubov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+, Institute of Nanotechnology, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene V Chulkov
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitri Roditchev
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Materiaux, LPEM, UMR-8213, ESPCI-Paris, PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
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Cancer gene expression profiles associated with clinical outcomes to chemotherapy treatments. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:111. [PMID: 32948183 PMCID: PMC7499993 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Machine learning (ML) methods still have limited applicability in personalized oncology due to low numbers of available clinically annotated molecular profiles. This doesn’t allow sufficient training of ML classifiers that could be used for improving molecular diagnostics. Methods We reviewed published datasets of high throughput gene expression profiles corresponding to cancer patients with known responses on chemotherapy treatments. We browsed Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Tumor Alterations Relevant for GEnomics-driven Therapy (TARGET) repositories. Results We identified data collections suitable to build ML models for predicting responses on certain chemotherapeutic schemes. We identified 26 datasets, ranging from 41 till 508 cases per dataset. All the datasets identified were checked for ML applicability and robustness with leave-one-out cross validation. Twenty-three datasets were found suitable for using ML that had balanced numbers of treatment responder and non-responder cases. Conclusions We collected a database of gene expression profiles associated with clinical responses on chemotherapy for 2786 individual cancer cases. Among them seven datasets included RNA sequencing data (for 645 cases) and the others – microarray expression profiles. The cases represented breast cancer, lung cancer, low-grade glioma, endothelial carcinoma, multiple myeloma, adult leukemia, pediatric leukemia and kidney tumors. Chemotherapeutics included taxanes, bortezomib, vincristine, trastuzumab, letrozole, tipifarnib, temozolomide, busulfan and cyclophosphamide.
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Abstract
Local polarization of magnetic materials has become a well-known and widely used method for storing binary information. Numerous applications in our daily life such as credit cards, computer hard drives, and the popular magnetic drawing board toy, rely on this principle. In this work, we review the recent advances on the magnetic recording of inhomogeneous magnetic landscapes produced by superconducting films. We summarize the current compelling experimental evidence showing that magnetic recording can be applied for imprinting in a soft magnetic layer the flux trajectory taking place in a superconducting layer at cryogenic temperatures. This approach enables the ex situ observation at room temperature of the imprinted magnetic flux landscape obtained below the critical temperature of the superconducting state. The undeniable appeal of the proposed technique lies in its simplicity and the potential to improve the spatial resolution, possibly down to the scale of a few vortices.
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