1
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Yu Y, Turkowski V, Hachtel JA, Puretzky AA, Ievlev AV, Din NU, Harris SB, Iyer V, Rouleau CM, Rahman TS, Geohegan DB, Xiao K. Anomalous isotope effect on the optical bandgap in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj0758. [PMID: 38381831 PMCID: PMC10881028 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Isotope effects have received increasing attention in materials science and engineering because altering isotopes directly affects phonons, which can affect both thermal properties and optoelectronic properties of conventional semiconductors. However, how isotopic mass affects the optoelectronic properties in 2D semiconductors remains unclear because of measurement uncertainties resulting from sample heterogeneities. Here, we report an anomalous optical bandgap energy red shift of 13 (±7) milli-electron volts as mass of Mo isotopes is increased in laterally structured 100MoS2-92MoS2 monolayers grown by a two-step chemical vapor deposition that mitigates the effects of heterogeneities. This trend, which is opposite to that observed in conventional semiconductors, is explained by many-body perturbation and time-dependent density functional theories that reveal unusually large exciton binding energy renormalizations exceeding the ground-state renormalization energy due to strong coupling between confined excitons and phonons. The isotope effect on the optical bandgap reported here provides perspective on the important role of exciton-phonon coupling in the physical properties of two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Yu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Volodymyr Turkowski
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jordan A. Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Alexander A. Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Anton V. Ievlev
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Naseem U. Din
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Sumner B. Harris
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Vasudevan Iyer
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Christopher M. Rouleau
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Talat S. Rahman
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - David B. Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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2
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Liu B, Kelsall J, Ward DJ, Jardine AP. Experimental Characterization of Defect-Induced Phonon Lifetime Shortening. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:056202. [PMID: 38364135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.056202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We present the first direct experimental measurement of defect-induced lifetime shortening of acoustic surface phonons. Defects are found to contribute a temperature-independent component to the linewidths of Rayleigh wave phonons on a Ni(111) surface. We also characterized the increase in phonon scattering with both surface defect density and phonon wave vector. A quantitative estimate of the scattering rate between phonon modes and surface line defects is extracted from the experimental data for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyao Liu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Kelsall
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - David J Ward
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Jardine
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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3
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Schultz JF, Krylyuk S, Schwartz JJ, Davydov AV, Centrone A. Isotopic effects on in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons in MoO 3. NANOPHOTONICS 2024; 13:10.1515/nanoph-2023-0717. [PMID: 38846933 PMCID: PMC11155493 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs), hybrids of light and lattice vibrations in polar dielectric crystals, empower nanophotonic applications by enabling the confinement and manipulation of light at the nanoscale. Molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) is a naturally hyperbolic material, meaning that its dielectric function deterministically controls the directional propagation of in-plane HPhPs within its reststrahlen bands. Strategies such as substrate engineering, nano- and heterostructuring, and isotopic enrichment are being developed to alter the intrinsic die ectric functions of natural hyperbolic materials and to control the confinement and propagation of HPhPs. Since isotopic disorder can limit phonon-based processes such as HPhPs, here we synthesize isotopically enriched 92MoO3 (92Mo: 99.93 %) and 100MoO3 (100Mo: 99.01 %) crystals to tune the properties and dispersion of HPhPs with respect to natural α-MoO3, which is composed of seven stable Mo isotopes. Real-space, near-field maps measured with the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique enable comparisons of inplane HPhPs in α-MoO3 and isotopically enriched analogues within a reststrahlen band (≈820 cm-1 to ≈ 972 cm-1). Results show that isotopic enrichment (e.g., 92MoO3 and 100MoO3) alters the dielectric function, shifting the HPhP dispersion (HPhP angular wavenumber × thickness vs IR frequency) by ≈-7% and ≈ +9 %, respectively, and changes the HPhP group velocities by ≈ ±12 %, while the lifetimes (≈ 3 ps) in 92MoO3 were found to be slightly improved (≈ 20 %). The latter improvement is attributed to a decrease in isotopic disorder. Altogether, isotopic enrichment was found to offer fine control over the properties that determine the anisotropic in-plane propagation of HPhPs in α-MoO3, which is essential to its implementation in nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F. Schultz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Sergiy Krylyuk
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Schwartz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA; and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Albert V. Davydov
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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4
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Janzen E, Schutte H, Plo J, Rousseau A, Michel T, Desrat W, Valvin P, Jacques V, Cassabois G, Gil B, Edgar JH. Boron and Nitrogen Isotope Effects on Hexagonal Boron Nitride Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306033. [PMID: 37705372 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The unique physical, mechanical, chemical, optical, and electronic properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) make it a promising 2D material for electronic, optoelectronic, nanophotonic, and quantum devices. Here, the changes in hBN's properties induced by isotopic purification in both boron and nitrogen are reported. Previous studies on isotopically pure hBN have focused on purifying the boron isotope concentration in hBN from its natural concentration (≈20 at% 10 B, 80 at% 11 B) while using naturally abundant nitrogen (99.6 at% 14 N, 0.4 at% 15 N), that is, almost pure 14 N. In this study, the class of isotopically purified hBN crystals to 15 N is extended. Crystals in the four configurations, namely h10 B14 N, h11 B14 N, h10 B15 N, and h11 B15 N, are grown by the metal flux method using boron and nitrogen single isotope (> 99%) enriched sources, with nickel plus chromium as the solvent. In-depth Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies demonstrate the high quality of the monoisotopic hBN crystals with vibrational and optical properties of the 15 N-purified crystals at the state-of-the-art of currently available 14 N-purified hBN. The growth of high-quality h10 B14 N, h11 B14 N, h10 B15 N, and h11 B15 N opens exciting perspectives for thermal conductivity control in heat management, as well as for advanced functionalities in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Janzen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, 1005 Durland Hall, 1701A Platt St., Manhattan, KS, 66506-5102, USA
| | - Hannah Schutte
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, 1005 Durland Hall, 1701A Platt St., Manhattan, KS, 66506-5102, USA
| | - Juliette Plo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Adrien Rousseau
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Thierry Michel
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Wilfried Desrat
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Pierre Valvin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Vincent Jacques
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Guillaume Cassabois
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Bernard Gil
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, 1005 Durland Hall, 1701A Platt St., Manhattan, KS, 66506-5102, USA
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5
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Falin A, Lv H, Janzen E, Edgar JH, Zhang R, Qian D, Sheu HS, Cai Q, Gan W, Wu X, Santos EJG, Li LH. Anomalous isotope effect on mechanical properties of single atomic layer Boron Nitride. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5331. [PMID: 37658077 PMCID: PMC10474280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ideal mechanical properties and behaviors of materials without the influence of defects are of great fundamental and engineering significance but considered inaccessible. Here, we use single-atom-thin isotopically pure hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to demonstrate that two-dimensional (2D) materials offer us close-to ideal experimental platforms to study intrinsic mechanical phenomena. The highly delicate isotope effect on the mechanical properties of monolayer hBN is directly measured by indentation: lighter 10B gives rise to higher elasticity and strength than heavier 11B. This anomalous isotope effect establishes that the intrinsic mechanical properties without the effect of defects could be measured, and the so-called ultrafine and normally neglected isotopic perturbation in nuclear charge distribution sometimes plays a more critical role than the isotopic mass effect in the mechanical and other physical properties of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Falin
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Eli Janzen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Qiran Cai
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Wei Gan
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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6
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Abstract
The sp2-bonded layered compound boron nitride (BN) exists in more than a handful of different polytypes (i.e., different layer stacking sequences) with similar formation energies, which makes obtaining a pure monotype of single crystals extremely tricky. The co-existence of polytypes in a similar crystal leads to the formation of many interfaces and structural defects having a deleterious influence on the internal quantum efficiency of the light emission and on charge carrier mobility. However, despite this, lasing operation was reported at 215 nm, which has shifted interest in sp2- bonded BN from basic science laboratories to optoelectronic and electrical device applications. Here, we describe some of the known physical properties of a variety of BN polytypes and their performances for deep ultraviolet emission in the specific case of second harmonic generation of light.
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7
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Li Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Ma X, Shi JA, Guo X, Zuo Y, Li R, Hong H, Li N, Xu K, Huang X, Tian H, Yang Y, Yao Z, Liao P, Li X, Guo J, Huang Y, Gao P, Wang L, Yang X, Dai Q, Wang E, Liu K, Zhou W, Yu X, Liang L, Jiang Y, Li XZ, Liu L. Engineering Interlayer Electron-Phonon Coupling in WS 2/BN Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2725-2733. [PMID: 35293751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, the interlayer electron-phonon coupling (EPC) provides one unique channel to nonlocally engineer these elementary particles. However, limited by the stringent occurrence conditions, the efficient engineering of interlayer EPC remains elusive. Here we report a multitier engineering of interlayer EPC in WS2/boron nitride (BN) heterostructures, including isotope enrichments of BN substrates, temperature, and high-pressure tuning. The hyperfine isotope dependence of Raman intensities was unambiguously revealed. In combination with theoretical calculations, we anticipate that WS2/BN supercells could induce Brillouin-zone-folded phonons that contribute to the interlayer coupling, leading to a complex nature of broad Raman peaks. We further demonstrate the significance of a previously unexplored parameter, the interlayer spacing. By varying the temperature and high pressure, we effectively manipulated the strengths of EPC with on/off capabilities, indicating critical thresholds of the layer-layer spacing for activating and strengthening interlayer EPC. Our findings provide new opportunities to engineer vdW heterostructures with controlled interlayer coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-An Shi
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - PeiChi Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuang Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - EnGe Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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8
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He M, Iyer GRS, Aarav S, Sunku SS, Giles AJ, Folland TG, Sharac N, Sun X, Matson J, Liu S, Edgar JH, Fleischer JW, Basov DN, Caldwell JD. Ultrahigh-Resolution, Label-Free Hyperlens Imaging in the Mid-IR. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7921-7928. [PMID: 34534432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hyperbolic phonon polaritons supported in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with long scattering lifetimes are advantageous for applications such as super-resolution imaging via hyperlensing. Yet, hyperlens imaging is challenging for distinguishing individual and closely spaced objects and for correlating the complicated hyperlens fields with the structure of an unknown object underneath. Here, we make significant strides to overcome each of these challenges. First, we demonstrate that monoisotopic h11BN provides significant improvements in spatial resolution, experimentally resolving structures as small as 44 nm and those with sub 25 nm spacings at 6.76 μm free-space wavelength. We also present an image reconstruction algorithm that provides a structurally accurate, visual representation of the embedded objects from the complex hyperlens field. Further, we offer additional insights into optimizing hyperlens performance on the basis of material properties, with an eye toward realizing far-field imaging modalities. Thus, our results significantly advance label-free, high-resolution, spectrally selective hyperlens imaging and image reconstruction methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Ganjigunte R S Iyer
- ASEE/NRC Postdoctoral Fellow residing at NRL, Washington D.C. 20375, United States
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Shaurya Aarav
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sai S Sunku
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alexander J Giles
- U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Thomas G Folland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Nicholas Sharac
- ASEE/NRC Postdoctoral Fellow residing at NRL, Washington D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Xiaohang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Joseph Matson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Song Liu
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jason W Fleischer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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9
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Pavlidis G, Schwartz JJ, Matson J, Folland T, Liu S, Edgar JH, Caldwell JD, Centrone A. Experimental confirmation of long hyperbolic polariton lifetimes in monoisotopic ( 10B) hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature. APL MATERIALS 2021; 9:10.1063/5.0061941. [PMID: 37720466 PMCID: PMC10502608 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) enable strong confinements, low losses, and intrinsic beam steering capabilities determined by the refractive index anisotropy-providing opportunities from hyperlensing to flat optics and other applications. Here, two scanning-probe techniques, photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) and scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), are used to map infrared ( 6.4 - 7.4 μ m ) HPhPs in large (up to 120 × 250 μ m 2 near-monoisotopic > 99 % B 10 ) hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes. Wide ( ≈ 40 μ m ) PTIR and s-SNOM scans on such large flakes avoid interference from polaritons launched from different asperities (edges, folds, surface defects, etc.) and together with Fourier analyses 0.05 μ m - 1 resolution) enable precise measurements of HPhP lifetimes (up to ≈ 4.2 p s and propagation lengths (up to ≈ 25 and ≈ 17 μ m for the first- and second-order branches, respectively). With respect to naturally abundant hBN, we report an eightfold improved, record-high (for hBN) propagating figure of merit (i.e., with both high confinement and long lifetime) in ≈ 99 % B 10 hBN, achieving, finally, theoretically predicted values. We show that wide near-field scans critically enable accurate estimates of the polaritons' lifetimes and propagation lengths and that the incidence angle of light, with respect to both the sample plane and the flake edge, needs to be considered to extract correctly the dispersion relation from the near-field polaritons maps. Overall, the measurements and data analyses employed here elucidate details pertaining to polaritons' propagation in isotopically enriched hBN and pave the way for developing high-performance HPhP-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Pavlidis
- Nanoscale Spectroscopy Group, Physical Measurement Laboratory, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Schwartz
- Nanoscale Spectroscopy Group, Physical Measurement Laboratory, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Joseph Matson
- Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Thomas Folland
- Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Tim Taylor Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - James H. Edgar
- Tim Taylor Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Josh D. Caldwell
- Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Nanoscale Spectroscopy Group, Physical Measurement Laboratory, NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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He M, Halimi SI, Folland TG, Sunku SS, Liu S, Edgar JH, Basov DN, Weiss SM, Caldwell JD. Guided Mid-IR and Near-IR Light within a Hybrid Hyperbolic-Material/Silicon Waveguide Heterostructure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004305. [PMID: 33522035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon waveguides have enabled large-scale manipulation and processing of near-infrared optical signals on chip. Yet, expanding the bandwidth of guided waves to other frequencies will further increase the functionality of silicon as a photonics platform. Frequency multiplexing by integrating additional architectures is one approach to the problem, but this is challenging to design and integrate within the existing form factor due to scaling with the free-space wavelength. This paper demonstrates that a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/silicon hybrid waveguide can simultaneously enable dual-band operation at both mid-infrared (6.5-7.0 µm) and telecom (1.55 µm) frequencies, respectively. The device is realized via the lithography-free transfer of hBN onto a silicon waveguide, maintaining near-infrared operation. In addition, mid-infrared waveguiding of the hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) supported in hBN is induced by the index contrast between the silicon waveguide and the surrounding air underneath the hBN, thereby eliminating the need for deleterious etching of the hyperbolic medium. The behavior of HPhP waveguiding in both straight and curved trajectories is validated within an analytical waveguide theoretical framework. This exemplifies a generalizable approach based on integrating hyperbolic media with silicon photonics for realizing frequency multiplexing in on-chip photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Sami I Halimi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Thomas G Folland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sai S Sunku
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sharon M Weiss
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
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