1
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Leenders RA, Afanasiev D, Kimel AV, Mikhaylovskiy RV. Canted spin order as a platform for ultrafast conversion of magnons. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07448-3. [PMID: 38811734 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, magnetic solids are divided into two main classes-ferromagnets and antiferromagnets with parallel and antiparallel spin orders, respectively. Although normally the antiferromagnets have zero magnetization, in some of them an additional antisymmetric spin-spin interaction arises owing to a strong spin-orbit coupling and results in canting of the spins, thereby producing net magnetization. The canted antiferromagnets combine antiferromagnetic order with phenomena typical of ferromagnets and hold great potential for spintronics and magnonics1-5. In this way, they can be identified as closely related to the recently proposed new class of magnetic materials called altermagnets6-9. Altermagnets are predicted to have strong magneto-optical effects, terahertz-frequency spin dynamics and degeneracy lifting for chiral spin waves10 (that is, all of the effects present in the canted antiferromagnets11,12). Here, by utilizing these unique phenomena, we demonstrate a new functionality of canted spin order for magnonics and show that it facilitates mechanisms converting a magnon at the centre of the Brillouin zone into propagating magnons using nonlinear magnon-magnon interactions activated by an ultrafast laser pulse. Our experimental findings supported by theoretical analysis show that the mechanism is enabled by the spin canting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Leenders
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - D Afanasiev
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A V Kimel
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Yang B, Ji Q, Huang FZ, Li J, Tian YZ, Xue B, Zhu R, Wu H, Yang H, Yang YB, Tang S, Zhao HB, Cao Y, Du J, Wang BG, Zhang C, Wu D. Picosecond Spin Current Generation from Vicinal Metal-Antiferromagnetic Insulator Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:176703. [PMID: 38728713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.176703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
We report the picosecond spin current generation from the interface between a heavy metal and a vicinal antiferromagnet insulator Cr_{2}O_{3} by laser pulses at room temperature and zero magnetic field. It is converted into a detectable terahertz emission in the heavy metal via the inverse spin Hall effect. The vicinal interfaces are apparently the source of the picosecond spin current, as evidenced by the proportional terahertz signals to the vicinal angle. We attribute the origin of the spin current to the transient magnetic moment generated by an interfacial nonlinear magnetic-dipole difference-frequency generation. We propose a model based on the in-plane inversion symmetry breaking to quantitatively explain the terahertz intensity with respect to the angles of the laser polarization and the film azimuth. Our work opens new opportunities in antiferromagnetic and ultrafast spintronics by considering symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Ji
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - F Z Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Z Tian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - B Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxian Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - H B Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - J Du
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - B G Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - D Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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3
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Liu C, Zheng D, Fang B, Zhang C, Chen A, Ma Y, Wang C, Liu H, Shen K, Manchon A, Xiao JQ, Qiu Z, Hu CM, Zhang X. Reconfigurable spin current transmission and magnon-magnon coupling in hybrid ferrimagnetic insulators. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2234. [PMID: 38472180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Coherent spin waves possess immense potential in wave-based information computation, storage, and transmission with high fidelity and ultra-low energy consumption. However, despite their seminal importance for magnonic devices, there is a paucity of both structural prototypes and theoretical frameworks that regulate the spin current transmission and magnon hybridization mediated by coherent spin waves. Here, we demonstrate reconfigurable coherent spin current transmission, as well as magnon-magnon coupling, in a hybrid ferrimagnetic heterostructure comprising epitaxial Gd3Fe5O12 and Y3Fe5O12 insulators. By adjusting the compensated moment in Gd3Fe5O12, magnon-magnon coupling was achieved and engineered with pronounced anticrossings between two Kittel modes, accompanied by divergent dissipative coupling approaching the magnetic compensation temperature of Gd3Fe5O12 (TM,GdIG), which were modeled by coherent spin pumping. Remarkably, we further identified, both experimentally and theoretically, a drastic variation in the coherent spin wave-mediated spin current across TM,GdIG, which manifested as a strong dependence on the relative alignment of magnetic moments. Our findings provide significant fundamental insight into the reconfiguration of coherent spin waves and offer a new route towards constructing artificial magnonic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor, Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongxing Zheng
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Fang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aitian Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yinchang Ma
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor, Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor, Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Shen
- The Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
| | | | - John Q Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ziqiang Qiu
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Can-Ming Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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4
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Han J, Cheng R, Liu L, Ohno H, Fukami S. Coherent antiferromagnetic spintronics. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:684-695. [PMID: 36941390 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antiferromagnets have attracted extensive interest as a material platform in spintronics. So far, antiferromagnet-enabled spin-orbitronics, spin-transfer electronics and spin caloritronics have formed the bases of antiferromagnetic spintronics. Spin transport and manipulation based on coherent antiferromagnetic dynamics have recently emerged, pushing the developing field of antiferromagnetic spintronics towards a new stage distinguished by the features of spin coherence. In this Review, we categorize and analyse the critical effects that harness the coherence of antiferromagnets for spintronic applications, including spin pumping from monochromatic antiferromagnetic magnons, spin transmission via phase-correlated antiferromagnetic magnons, electrically induced spin rotation and ultrafast spin-orbit effects in antiferromagnets. We also discuss future opportunities in research and applications stimulated by the principles, materials and phenomena of coherent antiferromagnetic spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Han
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Luqiao Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hideo Ohno
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fukami
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Inamori Research Institute of Science, Kyoto, Japan.
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5
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Wang H, Yuan R, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Liu S, Jia H, Yu D, Ansermet JP, Song C, Yu H. Long-Distance Coherent Propagation of High-Velocity Antiferromagnetic Spin Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:096701. [PMID: 36930935 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.096701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on coherent propagation of antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin waves over a long distance (∼10 μm) at room temperature in a canted AFM α-Fe_{2}O_{3} owing to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Unprecedented high group velocities (up to 22.5 km/s) are characterized by microwave transmission using all-electrical spin wave spectroscopy. We derive analytically AFM spin-wave dispersion in the presence of the DMI which accounts for our experimental results. The AFM spin waves excited by nanometric coplanar waveguides have large wave vectors in the exchange regime and follow a quasilinear dispersion relation. Fitting of experimental data with our theoretical model yields an AFM exchange stiffness length of 1.7 Å. Our results provide key insights on AFM spin dynamics and demonstrate high-speed functionality for AFM magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Wang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Rundong Yuan
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jilei Chen
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song Liu
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Jia
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Ansermet
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiming Yu
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
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6
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Zheng D, Lan J, Fang B, Li Y, Liu C, Ledesma-Martin JO, Wen Y, Li P, Zhang C, Ma Y, Qiu Z, Liu K, Manchon A, Zhang X. High-Efficiency Magnon-Mediated Magnetization Switching in All-Oxide Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203038. [PMID: 35776842 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The search for efficient approaches to realize local switching of magnetic moments in spintronic devices has attracted extensive attention. One of the most promising approaches is the electrical manipulation of magnetization through electron-mediated spin torque. However, the Joule heat generated via electron motion unavoidably causes substantial energy dissipation and potential damage to spintronic devices. Here, all-oxide heterostructures of SrRuO3 /NiO/SrIrO3 are epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates following the order of the ferromagnetic transition metal oxide SrRuO3 with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, insulating and antiferromagnetic NiO, and metallic transition metal oxide SrIrO3 with strong spin-orbit coupling. It is demonstrated that instead of the electron spin torques, the magnon torques present in the antiferromagnetic NiO layer can directly manipulate the perpendicular magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer. This magnon mechanism may significantly reduce the electron motion-related energy dissipation from electron-mediated spin currents. Interestingly, the threshold current density to generate a sufficient magnon current to manipulate the magnetization is one order of magnitude smaller than that in conventional metallic systems. These findings suggest a route for developing highly efficient all-oxide spintronic devices operated by magnon current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Zheng
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jin Lan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Processing Technology, Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Omar Ledesma-Martin
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Wen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peng Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yinchang Ma
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziqiang Qiu
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Zhu D, Zhang T, Fu X, Hao R, Hamzić A, Yang H, Zhang X, Zhang H, Du A, Xiong D, Shi K, Yan S, Zhang S, Fert A, Zhao W. Sign Change of Spin-Orbit Torque in Pt/NiO/CoFeB Structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:217702. [PMID: 35687442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.217702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antiferromagnetic insulators have recently been proved to support spin current efficiently. Here, we report the dampinglike spin-orbit torque (SOT) in Pt/NiO/CoFeB has a strong temperature dependence and reverses the sign below certain temperatures, which is different from the slight variation with temperature in the Pt/CoFeB bilayer. The negative dampinglike SOT at low temperatures is proposed to be mediated by the magnetic interactions that tie with the "exchange bias" in Pt/NiO/CoFeB, in contrast to the thermal-magnon-mediated scenario at high temperatures. Our results highlight the promise to control the SOT through tuning the magnetic structure in multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhu
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tianrui Zhang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Runrun Hao
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Amir Hamzić
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-10001, Croatia
| | - Huaiwen Yang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ao Du
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Danrong Xiong
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kewen Shi
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shishen Yan
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shufeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Albert Fert
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
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8
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Hussien MAM, Ukpong AM. Quantum Phase Transition in the Spin Transport Properties of Ferromagnetic Metal-Insulator-Metal Hybrid Materials. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111836. [PMID: 35683692 PMCID: PMC9182424 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions provide a technologically important design platform for studying metal-insulator-metal heterostructure materials. Accurate characterization of the sensitivity of their electronic structure to proximity coupling effects based on first-principles calculations is key in the fundamental understanding of their emergent collective properties at macroscopic scales. Here, we use an effective field theory that combines ab initio calculations of the electronic structure within density functional theory with the plane waves calculation of the spin polarised conductance to gain insights into the proximity effect induced magnetoelectric couplings that arise in the transport of spin angular momentum when a monolayer tunnel barrier material is integrated into the magnetic tunnel junction. We find that the spin density of states exhibits a discontinuous change from half-metallic to the metallic character in the presence of monolayer hexagonal boron nitride when the applied electric field reaches a critical amplitude, and this signals a first order transition in the transport phase. This unravels an electric-field induced quantum phase transition in the presence of a monolayer hexagonal boron nitride tunnel barrier quite unlike molybdenum disulphide. The role of the applied electric field in the observed phase transition is understood in terms of the induced spin-flip transition and the charge transfer at the constituent interfaces. The results of this study show that the choice of the tunnel barrier layer material plays a nontrivial role in determining the magnetoelectric couplings during spin tunnelling under external field bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa A. M. Hussien
- Theoretical and Computational Condensed Matter and Materials Physics Group (TCCMMP), School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa;
| | - Aniekan Magnus Ukpong
- Theoretical and Computational Condensed Matter and Materials Physics Group (TCCMMP), School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa;
- National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-33-260-5875; Fax: +27-031-260-3091
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9
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Abstract
Chirality, an intrinsic degree of freedom, has been barely exploited as the information carriers in data transmission, processing, computing, etc. Recently the magnons in antiferromagnets were proposed to carry both right-handed and left-handed chiralities, shedding a light on chirality-based spintronics in which chirality-based computing architectures and chiral magnonic devices may become feasible. However, the practical platform for chirality-based spintronics remains absent yet. Here we report an artificial ferrimagnetic Py/Gd/Py/Gd/Py/Pt multilayer by which the switching, reading, and modulation of magnon chirality are demonstrated. In particular, the coexisting resonance modes of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic characteristics permit the high adjustability and easy control of magnon chirality. As a main result, we unambiguously demonstrated that Py precessions with opposite chiralities pump spin currents of opposite spin polarizations into the Pt layer. Our result manifests the chirality as an independent degree of freedom and illustrates a practical magnonic platform for exploiting chirality, paving the way for chirality-based spintronics. Magnons in antiferromagnets hold potential for chirality-based spintronics, but a practical platform remains absent. Here, the authors demonstrate possible magnon chirality switching, reading and modulation in an artificial ferrimagnet Py/Gd/Py/Gd/Py/Pt multilayer, manifesting the chirality as an independent degree of freedom.
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10
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Lee K, Lee DK, Yang D, Mishra R, Kim DJ, Liu S, Xiong Q, Kim SK, Lee KJ, Yang H. Superluminal-like magnon propagation in antiferromagnetic NiO at nanoscale distances. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1337-1341. [PMID: 34697489 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnon-mediated angular-momentum flow in antiferromagnets may become a design element for energy-efficient, low-dissipation and high-speed spintronic devices1,2. Owing to their low energy dissipation, antiferromagnetic magnons can propagate over micrometre distances3. However, direct observation of their high-speed propagation has been elusive due to the lack of sufficiently fast probes2. Here we measure the antiferromagnetic magnon propagation in the time domain at the nanoscale (≤50 nm) with optical-driven terahertz emission. In non-magnetic-Bi2Te3/antiferromagnetic-insulator-NiO/ferromagnetic-Co trilayers, we observe a magnon velocity of ~650 km s-1 in the NiO layer. This velocity far exceeds previous estimations of the maximum magnon group velocity of ~40 km s-1, which were based on the magnon dispersion measurements of NiO using inelastic neutron scattering4,5. Our theory suggests that for magnon propagation at the nanoscale, a finite damping makes the dispersion anomalous for small magnon wavenumbers and yields a superluminal-like magnon velocity. Given the generality of finite dissipation in materials, our results strengthen the prospects of ultrafast nanodevices using antiferromagnetic magnons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyusup Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rahul Mishra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Dong-Jun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Se Kwon Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Hyunsoo Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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11
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Hortensius J, Afanasiev D, Matthiesen M, Leenders R, Citro R, Kimel A, Mikhaylovskiy R, Ivanov B, Caviglia A. Coherent spin-wave transport in an antiferromagnet. NATURE PHYSICS 2021; 17:1001-1006. [PMID: 34512793 PMCID: PMC7611635 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-021-01290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnonics is a research field complementary to spintronics, in which quanta of spin waves (magnons) replace electrons as information carriers, promising lower dissipation1-3. The development of ultrafast nanoscale magnonic logic circuits calls for new tools and materials to generate coherent spin waves with frequencies as high, and wavelengths as short, as possible4,5. Antiferromagnets can host spin waves at terahertz (THz) frequencies and are therefore seen as a future platform for the fastest and the least dissipative transfer of information6-11. However, the generation of short-wavelength coherent propagating magnons in antiferromagnets has so far remained elusive. Here we report the efficient emission and detection of a nanometer-scale wavepacket of coherent propagating magnons in antiferromagnetic DyFeO3 using ultrashort pulses of light. The subwavelength confinement of the laser field due to large absorption creates a strongly non-uniform spin excitation profile, enabling the propagation of a broadband continuum of coherent THz spin waves. The wavepacket contains magnons with a shortest detected wavelength of 125 nm that propagate with supersonic velocities of more than 13 km/s into the material. This source of coherent short-wavelength spin carriers opens up new prospects for THz antiferromagnetic magnonics and coherence-mediated logic devices at THz frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.R. Hortensius
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - D. Afanasiev
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M. Matthiesen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R. Leenders
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - R. Citro
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università di Salerno and Spin-CNR, I-84084 Fisciano (Sa), Italy
| | - A.V. Kimel
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R.V. Mikhaylovskiy
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - B.A. Ivanov
- Institute of Magnetism, National Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education and Science, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A.D. Caviglia
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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12
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Fan Y, Finley J, Han J, Holtz ME, Quarterman P, Zhang P, Safi TS, Hou JT, Grutter AJ, Liu L. Resonant Spin Transmission Mediated by Magnons in a Magnetic Insulator Multilayer Structure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008555. [PMID: 33899284 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While being electrically insulating, magnetic insulators can behave as good spin conductors by carrying spin current with excited spin waves. So far, magnetic insulators are utilized in multilayer heterostructures for optimizing spin transport or to form magnon spin valves for reaching controls over the spin flow. In these studies, it remains an intensively visited topic as to what the corresponding roles of coherent and incoherent magnons are in the spin transmission. Meanwhile, understanding the underlying mechanism associated with spin transmission in insulators can help to identify new mechanisms that can further improve the spin transport efficiency. Here, by studying spin transport in a magnetic-metal/magnetic-insulator/platinum multilayer, it is demonstrated that coherent magnons can transfer spins efficiently above the magnon bandgap of magnetic insulators. Particularly the standing spin-wave mode can greatly enhance the spin flow by inducing a resonant magnon transmission. Furthermore, within the magnon bandgap, a shutdown of spin transmission due to the blocking of coherent magnons is observed. The demonstrated magnon transmission enhancement and filtering effect provides an efficient method for modulating spin current in magnonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Fan
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Finley
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jiahao Han
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Megan E Holtz
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Patrick Quarterman
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Pengxiang Zhang
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Taqiyyah S Safi
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Justin T Hou
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alexander J Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Luqiao Liu
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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13
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Boventer I, Simensen HT, Anane A, Kläui M, Brataas A, Lebrun R. Room-Temperature Antiferromagnetic Resonance and Inverse Spin-Hall Voltage in Canted Antiferromagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:187201. [PMID: 34018804 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.187201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically and experimentally the spin pumping signals induced by the resonance of canted antiferromagnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and demonstrate that they can generate easily observable inverse spin-Hall voltages. Using a bilayer of hematite/heavy metal as a model system, we measure at room temperature the antiferromagnetic resonance and an associated inverse spin-Hall voltage, as large as in collinear antiferromagnets. As expected for coherent spin pumping, we observe that the sign of the inverse spin-Hall voltage provides direct information about the mode handedness as deduced by comparing hematite, chromium oxide and the ferrimagnet yttrium-iron garnet. Our results open new means to generate and detect spin currents at terahertz frequencies by functionalizing antiferromagnets with low damping and canted moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Boventer
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - H T Simensen
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - A Anane
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - M Kläui
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Brataas
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - R Lebrun
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
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14
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Zhu L, Zhu L, Buhrman RA. Fully Spin-Transparent Magnetic Interfaces Enabled by the Insertion of a Thin Paramagnetic NiO Layer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:107204. [PMID: 33784166 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spin backflow and spin-memory loss have been well established to considerably lower the interfacial spin transmissivity of metallic magnetic interfaces and thus the energy efficiency of spin-orbit torque technologies. Here, we report that spin backflow and spin-memory loss at Pt-based heavy metal-ferromagnet interfaces can be effectively eliminated by inserting an insulating paramagnetic NiO layer of optimum thickness. The latter enables the thermal magnon-mediated essentially unity spin-current transmission at room temperature due to considerably enhanced effective spin-mixing conductance of the interface. As a result, we obtain dampinglike spin-orbit torque efficiency per unit current density of up to 0.8 as detected by the standard technology ferromagnet FeCoB and others, which reaches the expected upper-limit spin Hall ratio of Pt. We establish that Pt/NiO and Pt-Hf/NiO are two energy-efficient, integration-friendly, and high-endurance spin-current generators that provide >100 times greater energy efficiency than sputter-deposited topological insulators BiSb and BiSe. Our finding will benefit spin-orbitronic research and advance spin-torque technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujun Zhu
- College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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15
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Xie ZK, Li Y, Gong ZZ, Yang X, Li Y, Sun R, Li N, Sun YB, Zhao JJ, Cheng ZH, He W. Characterizing the Magnetic Interfacial Coupling of the Fe/FeGe Heterostructure by Ferromagnetic Resonance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46908-46913. [PMID: 32965100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the magnetic interfacial coupling of the Fe/FeGe heterostructure and its influence on the magnetic damping via ferromagnetic resonance in the temperature range of 200-300 K. When the temperature is below the critical temperature of FeGe, the interfacial coupling rises. The strength of the magnetic interfacial coupling is determined as a function of the temperature and reaches up to 0.194 erg/cm2 at 200 K. Meanwhile, the Gilbert damping of the Fe layer is enhanced from 0.035 at 300 K to 0.050 at 200 K. The enhancement is linearly proportional to the strength of magnetic interfacial coupling. We attribute the enhancement to the interfacial coupling that transfers spin angular momentum from Fe to FeGe via the exchange interaction. Our results reveal that the interfacial coupling is an effective approach to inject spin current into the chiral spin texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Kai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Zhao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Bing Sun
- Department of Physics, Baotou Normal University, Baotou 014030, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhao
- Department of Physics, Baotou Normal University, Baotou 014030, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Hua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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16
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Burn DM, Zhang SL, Yu GQ, Guang Y, Chen HJ, Qiu XP, van der Laan G, Hesjedal T. Depth-Resolved Magnetization Dynamics Revealed by X-Ray Reflectometry Ferromagnetic Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:137201. [PMID: 33034462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.137201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic multilayers offer diverse opportunities for the development of ultrafast functional devices through advanced interface and layer engineering. Nevertheless, a method for determining their dynamic properties as a function of depth throughout such stacks has remained elusive. By probing the ferromagnetic resonance modes with element-selective soft x-ray resonant reflectivity, we gain access to the magnetization dynamics as a function of depth. Most notably, using reflectometry ferromagnetic resonance, we find a phase lag between the coupled ferromagnetic layers in [CoFeB/MgO/Ta]_{4} multilayers that is invisible to other techniques. The use of reflectometry ferromagnetic resonance enables the time-resolved and depth-resolved probing of the complex magnetization dynamics of a wide range of functional magnetic heterostructures with absorption edges in the soft x-ray wavelength regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Burn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S L Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - G Q Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y Guang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H J Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - X P Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - G van der Laan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - T Hesjedal
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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