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Eckhardt CJ, Chattopadhyay S, Kennes DM, Demler EA, Sentef MA, Michael MH. Theory of resonantly enhanced photo-induced superconductivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2300. [PMID: 38485935 PMCID: PMC10940728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical driving of materials has emerged as a versatile tool to control their properties, with photo-induced superconductivity being among the most fascinating examples. In this work, we show that light or lattice vibrations coupled to an electronic interband transition naturally give rise to electron-electron attraction that may be enhanced when the underlying boson is driven into a non-thermal state. We find this phenomenon to be resonantly amplified when tuning the boson's frequency close to the energy difference between the two electronic bands. This result offers a simple microscopic mechanism for photo-induced superconductivity and provides a recipe for designing new platforms in which light-induced superconductivity can be realized. We discuss two-dimensional heterostructures as a potential test ground for light-induced superconductivity concretely proposing a setup consisting of a graphene-hBN-SrTiO3 heterostructure, for which we estimate a superconducting Tc that may be achieved upon driving the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Eckhardt
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Dante M Kennes
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugene A Demler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Marios H Michael
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Jarc G, Mathengattil SY, Montanaro A, Giusti F, Rigoni EM, Sergo R, Fassioli F, Winnerl S, Dal Zilio S, Mihailovic D, Prelovšek P, Eckstein M, Fausti D. Cavity-mediated thermal control of metal-to-insulator transition in 1T-TaS 2. Nature 2023; 622:487-492. [PMID: 37853152 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Placing quantum materials into optical cavities provides a unique platform for controlling quantum cooperative properties of matter, by both weak and strong light-matter coupling1,2. Here we report experimental evidence of reversible cavity control of a metal-to-insulator phase transition in a correlated solid-state material. We embed the charge density wave material 1T-TaS2 into cryogenic tunable terahertz cavities3 and show that a switch between conductive and insulating behaviours, associated with a large change in the sample temperature, is obtained by mechanically tuning the distance between the cavity mirrors and their alignment. The large thermal modification observed is indicative of a Purcell-like scenario in which the spectral profile of the cavity modifies the energy exchange between the material and the external electromagnetic field. Our findings provide opportunities for controlling the thermodynamics and macroscopic transport properties of quantum materials by engineering their electromagnetic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Jarc
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Shahla Yasmin Mathengattil
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Angela Montanaro
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Rigoni
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rudi Sergo
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Fassioli
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephan Winnerl
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Eckstein
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Fausti
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Passetti G, Eckhardt CJ, Sentef MA, Kennes DM. Cavity Light-Matter Entanglement through Quantum Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:023601. [PMID: 37505942 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The hybridization between light and matter forms the basis to achieve cavity control over quantum materials. In this Letter we investigate a cavity coupled to a quantum chain of interacting spinless fermions by numerically exact solutions and perturbative analytical expansions. We draw two important conclusions about such systems: (i) Specific quantum fluctuations of the matter system play a pivotal role in achieving entanglement between light and matter; and (ii) in turn, light-matter entanglement is a key ingredient to modify electronic properties by the cavity. We hypothesize that quantum fluctuations of those matter operators to which the cavity modes couple are a general prerequisite for light-matter entanglement in the ground state. Implications of our findings for light-matter-entangled phases, cavity-modified phase transitions in correlated systems, and measurement of light-matter entanglement through Kubo response functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Passetti
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian J Eckhardt
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Dante M Kennes
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Helson V, Zwettler T, Mivehvar F, Colella E, Roux K, Konishi H, Ritsch H, Brantut JP. Density-wave ordering in a unitary Fermi gas with photon-mediated interactions. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06018-3. [PMID: 37225993 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A density wave (DW) is a fundamental type of long-range order in quantum matter tied to self-organization into a crystalline structure. The interplay of DW order with superfluidity can lead to complex scenarios that pose a great challenge to theoretical analysis. In the past decades, tunable quantum Fermi gases have served as model systems for exploring the physics of strongly interacting fermions, including most notably magnetic ordering1, pairing and superfluidity2, and the crossover from a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid to a Bose-Einstein condensate3. Here, we realize a Fermi gas featuring both strong, tunable contact interactions and photon-mediated, spatially structured long-range interactions in a transversely driven high-finesse optical cavity. Above a critical long-range interaction strength, DW order is stabilized in the system, which we identify via its superradiant light-scattering properties. We quantitatively measure the variation of the onset of DW order as the contact interaction is varied across the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid and Bose-Einstein condensate crossover, in qualitative agreement with a mean-field theory. The atomic DW susceptibility varies over an order of magnitude upon tuning the strength and the sign of the long-range interactions below the self-ordering threshold, demonstrating independent and simultaneous control over the contact and long-range interactions. Therefore, our experimental setup provides a fully tunable and microscopically controllable platform for the experimental study of the interplay of superfluidity and DW order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Helson
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Timo Zwettler
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farokh Mivehvar
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elvia Colella
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kevin Roux
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Hideki Konishi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jean-Philippe Brantut
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Rao P, Piazza F. Non-Fermi-Liquid Behavior from Cavity Electromagnetic Vacuum Fluctuations at the Superradiant Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:083603. [PMID: 36898112 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.083603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We study two-dimensional materials where electrons are coupled to the vacuum electromagnetic field of a cavity. We show that, at the onset of the superradiant phase transition towards a macroscopic photon occupation of the cavity, the critical electromagnetic fluctuations, consisting of photons strongly overdamped by their interaction with electrons, can in turn lead to the absence of electronic quasiparticles. Since transverse photons couple to the electronic current, the appearance of non-Fermi-Liquid behavior strongly depends on the lattice. In particular, we find that in a square lattice the phase space for electron-photon scattering is reduced in such a way to preserve the quasiparticles, while in a honeycomb lattice the latter are removed due to a nonanalytical frequency dependence of the damping ∝|ω|^{2/3}. Standard cavity probes could allow us to measure the characteristic frequency spectrum of the overdamped critical electromagnetic modes responsible for the non-Fermi-liquid behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Rao
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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6
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Dong T, Zhang SJ, Wang NL. Recent Development of Ultrafast Optical Characterizations for Quantum Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2110068. [PMID: 35853841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The advent of intense ultrashort optical pulses spanning a frequency range from terahertz to the visible has opened a new era in the experimental investigation and manipulation of quantum materials. The generation of strong optical field in an ultrashort time scale enables the steering of quantum materials nonadiabatically, inducing novel phenomenon or creating new phases which may not have an equilibrium counterpart. Ultrafast time-resolved optical techniques have provided rich information and played an important role in characterization of the nonequilibrium and nonlinear properties of solid systems. Here, some of the recent progress of ultrafast optical techniques and their applications to the detection and manipulation of physical properties in selected quantum materials are reviewed. Specifically, the new development in the detection of the Higgs mode and photoinduced nonequilibrium response in the study of superconductors by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Si-Jie Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Nan-Lin Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100913, China
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7
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Chakraborty A, Piazza F. Long-Range Photon Fluctuations Enhance Photon-Mediated Electron Pairing and Superconductivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:177002. [PMID: 34739287 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.177002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the possibility of inducing superconductivity for electrons in two-dimensional materials has been proposed via cavity-mediated pairing. The cavity-mediated electron-electron interactions are long range, which has two main effects: firstly, within the standard BCS-type pairing mediated by adiabatic photons, the superconducting critical temperature depends polynomially on the coupling strength, instead of the exponential dependence characterizing the phonon-mediated pairing; secondly, as we show here, the effect of photon fluctuations is significantly enhanced. These mediate novel non-BCS-type pairing processes, via nonadiabatic photons, which are not sensitive to the electron occupation but rather to the electron dispersion and lifetime at the Fermi surface. Therefore, while the leading temperature dependence of BCS pairing comes from the smoothening of the Fermi-Dirac distribution, the temperature dependence of the fluctuation-induced pairing comes from the electron lifetime. For realistic parameters, also including cavity loss, this results in a critical temperature which can be more than 1 order of magnitude larger than the BCS prediction. Moreover, a finite average number of photons (as can be achieved by incoherently pumping the cavity) adds to the fluctuations and leads to a further enhancement of the critical temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Chakraborty
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzerstrasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzerstrasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Quantum spin liquids provide paradigmatic examples of highly entangled quantum states of matter. Frustration is the key mechanism to favor spin liquids over more conventional magnetically ordered states. Here we propose to engineer frustration by exploiting the coupling of quantum magnets to the quantized light of an optical cavity. The interplay between the quantum fluctuations of the electro-magnetic field and the strongly correlated electrons results in a tunable long-range interaction between localized spins. This cavity-induced frustration robustly stabilizes spin liquid states, which occupy an extensive region in the phase diagram spanned by the range and strength of the tailored interaction. This occurs even in originally unfrustrated systems, as we showcase for the Heisenberg model on the square lattice.
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9
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Lewis-Swan RJ, Barberena D, Cline JRK, Young DJ, Thompson JK, Rey AM. Cavity-QED Quantum Simulator of Dynamical Phases of a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer Superconductor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:173601. [PMID: 33988424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose to simulate dynamical phases of a BCS superconductor using an ensemble of cold atoms trapped in an optical cavity. Effective Cooper pairs are encoded via the internal states of the atoms, and attractive interactions are realized via the exchange of virtual photons between atoms coupled to a common cavity mode. Control of the interaction strength combined with a tunable dispersion relation of the effective Cooper pairs allows exploration of the full dynamical phase diagram of the BCS model as a function of system parameters and the prepared initial state. Our proposal paves the way for the study of the nonequilibrium features of quantum magnetism and superconductivity by harnessing atom-light interactions in cold atomic gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lewis-Swan
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
- Center for Quantum Research and Technology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Diego Barberena
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Julia R K Cline
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Dylan J Young
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - James K Thompson
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, NIST, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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10
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Head-Marsden K, Flick J, Ciccarino CJ, Narang P. Quantum Information and Algorithms for Correlated Quantum Matter. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3061-3120. [PMID: 33326218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries in quantum materials, which are characterized by the strongly quantum-mechanical nature of electrons and atoms, have revealed exotic properties that arise from correlations. It is the promise of quantum materials for quantum information science superimposed with the potential of new computational quantum algorithms to discover new quantum materials that inspires this Review. We anticipate that quantum materials to be discovered and developed in the next years will transform the areas of quantum information processing including communication, storage, and computing. Simultaneously, efforts toward developing new quantum algorithmic approaches for quantum simulation and advanced calculation methods for many-body quantum systems enable major advances toward functional quantum materials and their deployment. The advent of quantum computing brings new possibilities for eliminating the exponential complexity that has stymied simulation of correlated quantum systems on high-performance classical computers. Here, we review new algorithms and computational approaches to predict and understand the behavior of correlated quantum matter. The strongly interdisciplinary nature of the topics covered necessitates a common language to integrate ideas from these fields. We aim to provide this common language while weaving together fields across electronic structure theory, quantum electrodynamics, algorithm design, and open quantum systems. Our Review is timely in presenting the state-of-the-art in the field toward algorithms with nonexponential complexity for correlated quantum matter with applications in grand-challenge problems. Looking to the future, at the intersection of quantum information science and algorithms for correlated quantum matter, we envision seminal advances in predicting many-body quantum states and describing excitonic quantum matter and large-scale entangled states, a better understanding of high-temperature superconductivity, and quantifying open quantum system dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kade Head-Marsden
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Johannes Flick
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Christopher J Ciccarino
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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11
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Li J, Eckstein M. Manipulating Intertwined Orders in Solids with Quantum Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:217402. [PMID: 33275019 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.217402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intertwined orders exist ubiquitously in strongly correlated electronic systems and lead to intriguing phenomena in quantum materials. In this Letter, we explore the unique opportunity of manipulating intertwined orders through entangling electronic states with quantum light. Using a quantum Floquet formalism to study the cavity-mediated interaction, we show the vacuum fluctuations effectively enhance the charge-density-wave correlation, giving rise to a phase with entangled electronic order and photon coherence, with putative superradiant behaviors in the thermodynamic limit. Furthermore, upon injecting even one single photon in the cavity, different orders, including s-wave and η-paired superconductivity, can be selectively enhanced. Our study suggests a new and generalizable pathway to control intertwined orders and create light-matter entanglement in quantum materials. The mechanism and methodology can be readily generalized to more complicated scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Li
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Gao H, Coulthard JR, Jaksch D, Mur-Petit J. Anomalous Spin-Charge Separation in a Driven Hubbard System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:195301. [PMID: 33216562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.195301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin-charge separation (SCS) is a striking manifestation of strong correlations in low-dimensional quantum systems, whereby a fermion splits into separate spin and charge excitations that travel at different speeds. Here, we demonstrate that periodic driving enables control over SCS in a Hubbard system near half filling. In one dimension, we predict analytically an exotic regime where charge travels slower than spin and can even become "frozen," in agreement with numerical calculations. In two dimensions, the driving slows both charge and spin and leads to complex interferences between single-particle and pair-hopping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Gao
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Coulthard
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Jaksch
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - Jordi Mur-Petit
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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