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Behera S, Balasubramanian S. Molecular simulations explain the exceptional thermal stability, solvent tolerance and solubility of protein-polymer surfactant bioconjugates in ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21904-21915. [PMID: 36065955 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02636h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteins complexed electrostatically with polymer surfactants constitute a viscous liquid by themselves, called the solvent-free protein liquid (SFPL). A solution of SFPL in a room temperature ionic liquid (PS-IL) offers the protein hyperthermal stability, higher solubility and greater IL tolerance. A generic understanding of these protein-polymer systems is obtained herein through extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of three different enzymes (lipase A, lysozyme and myoglobin) under various conditions. Along with increased intra-protein hydrogen bonding, the surfactant coating around the proteins imparts greater thermal stability, and also aids in screening protein-IL interactions, endowing them IL tolerance. The reduced surface polarity of the protein-polymer bioconjugate and hydrogen bonding between the ethylene glycol groups of the surfactant and the IL cation contribute to the facile solvation of the protein in its PS-IL form. The results presented here rationalize several experimental observations and will aid in the improved design of such hybrid materials for sustainable catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Behera
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India.
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India.
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Kistwal T, Mukhopadhyay A, Dasgupta S, Sharma KP, Datta A. Ultraslow Biological Water-Like Dynamics in Waterless Liquid Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4389-4393. [PMID: 35548934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and time-dependent fluorescence Stokes shift have been employed to elucidate dynamics in different time scales, ranging from picoseconds to nanoseconds, for human serum albumin, in its native and cationized forms as well as in the self-assembled complex of the cationized protein with the polymer surfactant (PS) glycolic acid ethoxylate lauryl ether. The effect of crowding in this complex, especially in the waterless condition, is of prime importance in this context. Excellent correlation of the dynamics with the structures, obtained by circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, has been observed. Slow solvation, associated classically with biological water, has been observed in these systems, even in the waterless condition. This apparently intriguing observation has been rationalized by the relaxation of segments of the protein and the PS in the microenvironment of the fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Kistwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anasua Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Souradip Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kamendra P Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Behera S, Balasubramanian S. Insights into substrate behavior in a solvent-free protein liquid to rationalize its reduced catalytic rate. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11896-11905. [PMID: 35481067 PMCID: PMC9016799 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When proteins are engineered with a polymer surfactant coating on their surface, they can form a liquid phase by themselves, without the need for a solvent, such as, say, water. However, such solvent-free protein liquids (SFPL), despite their capability to function at temperatures above those in aqueous solutions, exhibit much reduced catalytic rates. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of substrates in such liquids is crucial to reason out the reduced catalytic activity of enzymes as SFPL media, and thus identify the means to improve the same. Employing atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of lipase A from Bacillus subtilis in its SFPL form, we demonstrate that at low concentrations, the substrate molecules are located mostly in the hydrophilic layer of the surfactant shell that ensheaths the enzyme; substrates in this SFPL are present in various conformations with similar propensities as in the aqueous solution. Slower translational diffusion and reorientational dynamics, as well as the reduced tendency of a substrate molecule to closely interact with the enzymes in the SFPL medium have been identified herein as the contributing factors for the reduced activity of enzymes in this hybrid liquid. At high concentrations of substrates corresponding to those used in in vitro experiments, the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex is observed. Microscopic insights reported here can aid in the choice of surfactants to improve the catalytic rate of enzymes in SFPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Behera
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore 560 064 India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Bangalore 560 064 India
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Zhang W, Day GJ, Zampetakis I, Carrabba M, Zhang Z, Carter BM, Govan N, Jackson C, Chen M, Perriman AW. Three-Dimensional Printable Enzymatically Active Plastics. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:6070-6077. [PMID: 35983011 PMCID: PMC9376927 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a facile route to the synthesis of enzymatically active highly fabricable plastics, where the enzyme is an intrinsic component of the material. This is facilitated by the formation of an electrostatically stabilized enzyme-polymer surfactant nanoconstruct, which, after lyophilization and melting, affords stable macromolecular dispersions in a wide range of organic solvents. A selection of plastics can then be co-dissolved in the dispersions, which provides a route to bespoke 3D enzyme plastic nanocomposite structures using a wide range of fabrication techniques, including melt electrowriting, casting, and piston-driven 3D printing. The resulting constructs comprising active phosphotriesterase (arPTE) readily detoxify organophosphates with persistent activity over repeated cycles and for long time periods. Moreover, we show that the protein guest molecules, such as arPTE or sfGFP, increase the compressive Young's modulus of the plastics and that the identity of the biomolecule influences the nanomorphology and mechanical properties of the resulting materials. Overall, we demonstrate that these biologically active nanocomposite plastics are compatible with state-of-the-art 3D fabrication techniques and that the methodology could be readily applied to produce robust and on-demand smart nanomaterial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- William
H. Zhang
- School
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J. Day
- School
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Zampetakis
- Bristol
Composites Institute (ACCIS), University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Carrabba
- Bristol
Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Ben M. Carter
- School
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Govan
- Defence
Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Jackson
- Australian
National University, Research School of
Chemistry, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Menglin Chen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Adam W. Perriman
- School
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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