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Wu X, Yu F, Xie W, Liu Z, Wang Z, Zhang S. High-Stability Light-Element Magnetic Superatoms Determined by Hund's Rule. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2632-2637. [PMID: 35297251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Achieving stable high-magnetism light-element structures at nanoscale is vital to the field of magnetism, which has traditionally been ruled by transition-metal elements with localized d or f electrons. By first-principles calculations, we show that superatoms made of pure earth-abundant light elements (i.e., boron and nitrogen) exhibit desired magnetic properties that rival those of rare-earth elements, and the magnetism is dictated entirely by Hund's maximum spin rule. Importantly, the chemical and structural stabilities of the superatoms are not jeopardized by its high spins and are in fact better than those of transition-metal-element-embedded clusters. Our work thus establishes the basic principles for designing novel light-element, high-stability, and high-moment magnetic superatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Famin Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weiyu Xie
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shengbai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, & Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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2
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Touchton AJ, Wu G, Hayton TW. [Ni 30S 16(PEt 3) 11]: An Open-shell Nickel Sulfide Nanocluster with a “Metal-like” Core. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5171-5175. [PMID: 35655571 PMCID: PMC9093199 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of [Ni(1,5-cod)2] (30 equiv.) with PEt3 (46 equiv.) and S8 (1.9 equiv.) in toluene, followed by heating at 115 °C for 16 h, results in the formation of the atomically precise nanocluster (APNC), [Ni30S16(PEt3)11] (1), in 14% isolated yield. Complex 1 represents the largest open-shell Ni APNC yet isolated. In the solid state, 1 features a compact “metal-like” core indicative of a high degree of Ni–Ni bonding. Additionally, SQUID magnetometry suggests that 1 possesses a manifold of closely-spaced electronic states near the HOMO–LUMO gap. In situ monitoring by ESI-MS and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy reveal that 1 forms via the intermediacy of smaller APNCs, including [Ni8S5(PEt3)7] and [Ni26S14(PEt3)10] (2). The latter APNC was also characterized by X-ray crystallography and features a nearly identical core structure to that found in 1. This work demonstrates that large APNCs with a high degree of metal–metal bonding are isolable for nickel, and not just the noble metals. The atomically-precise nanocluster, [Ni30S16(PEt3)11], features a compact “metal-like” core indicative of a high degree of Ni–Ni bonding, along with an open-shell ground state.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Touchton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
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3
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Kephart JA, Romero CG, Tseng CC, Anderton KJ, Yankowitz M, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Hierarchical nanosheets built from superatomic clusters: properties, exfoliation and single-crystal-to-single-crystal intercalation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10744-10751. [PMID: 34094327 PMCID: PMC8162370 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03506h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuning the properties of atomic crystals in the two-dimensional (2D) limit is synthetically challenging, but critical to unlock their potential in fundamental research and nanotechnology alike. 2D crystals assembled using superatomic blocks could provide a route to encrypt desirable functionality, yet strategies to link the inorganic blocks together in predetermined dimensionality or symmetry are scarce. Here, we describe the synthesis of anisotropic van der Waals crystalline frameworks using the designer superatomic nanocluster Co3(py)3Co6Se8L6 (py = pyridine, L = Ph2PN(Tol)), and ditopic linkers. Post-synthetically, the 3D crystals can be mechanically exfoliated into ultrathin flakes (8 to 60 nm), or intercalated with the redox-active guest tetracyanoethylene in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation. Extensive characterization, including by single crystal X-ray diffraction, reveals how intrinsic features of the nanocluster, such as its structure, chirality, redox-activity and magnetic profile, predetermine key properties of the emerging 2D structures. Within the nanosheets, the strict and unusual stereoselectivity of the nanocluster's Co edges for the low symmetry (α,α,β) isomer gives rise to in-plane structural anisotropy, while the helically chiral nanoclusters self-organize into alternating Δ- and Λ-homochiral rows. The nanocluster's high-spin Co edges, and its rich redox profile make the nanosheets both magnetically and electrochemically active, as revealed by solid state magnetic and cyclic voltammetry studies. The length and flexibility of the ditopic linker was varied, and found to have a secondary effect on the structure and stacking of the nanosheets within the 3D crystals. With these results we introduce a deterministic and versatile synthetic entry to programmable functionality and symmetry in 2D superatomic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Catherine G Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Chun-Chih Tseng
- Department of Physics, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Matthew Yankowitz
- Department of Physics, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
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Prabha S, Reber AC, Khanna SN. The structure and stability of CrnTem (1 ≤ n ≤ 6, 1 ≤ m ≤ 8) clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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O’Brien ES, Russell JC, Bartnof M, Christodoulides AD, Lee K, DeGayner JA, Paley DW, McGaughey AJH, Ong WL, Malen JA, Zhu XY, Roy X. Spontaneous Electronic Band Formation and Switchable Behaviors in a Phase-Rich Superatomic Crystal. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15601-15605. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan S. O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jake C. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Bartnof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | - Kihong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jordan A. DeGayner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Daniel W. Paley
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alan J. H. McGaughey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wee-Liat Ong
- College of Energy Engineering, ZJU-UIUC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jonathan A. Malen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - X.-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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6
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Reber AC, Chauhan V, Khanna SN. Symmetry and magnetism in Ni9Te6clusters ligated by CO or phosphine ligands. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:024302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4973609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C. Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, USA
| | - Vikas Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, USA
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, USA
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7
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Chauhan V, Reber AC, Khanna SN. CO ligands stabilize metal chalcogenide Co6Se8(CO)n clusters via demagnetization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31940-31948. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of carbon monoxide ligands on the magnetic moment of Co6Se8(CO)n clusters, n = 0–6 was investigated to better understand the interplay between the electronic structure of metal chalcogenide clusters and their ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Chauhan
- Department of Physics
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Arthur C. Reber
- Department of Physics
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department of Physics
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
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8
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Lee CH, Liu L, Bejger C, Turkiewicz A, Goko T, Arguello CJ, Frandsen BA, Cheung SC, Medina T, Munsie TJS, D’Ortenzio R, Luke GM, Besara T, Lalancette RA, Siegrist T, Stephens PW, Crowther AC, Brus LE, Matsuo Y, Nakamura E, Uemura YJ, Kim P, Nuckolls C, Steigerwald ML, Roy X. Ferromagnetic Ordering in Superatomic Solids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16926-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5098622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- KU-KIST
Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Lian Liu
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christopher Bejger
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ari Turkiewicz
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tatsuo Goko
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Carlos J. Arguello
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Frandsen
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sky C. Cheung
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Teresa Medina
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Timothy J. S. Munsie
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Robert D’Ortenzio
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Graeme M. Luke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tiglet Besara
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers State University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Theo Siegrist
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Peter W. Stephens
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Andrew C. Crowther
- Department
of Chemistry, Barnard College, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Louis E. Brus
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 112-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 112-0033, Japan
| | - Yasutomo J. Uemura
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Philip Kim
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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9
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Boardman BM, Widawsky JR, Park YS, Schenck CL, Venkataraman L, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C. Conductance of Single Cobalt Chalcogenide Cluster Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8455-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja201334s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brycelyn M. Boardman
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Widawsky
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Young S. Park
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christine L. Schenck
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L. Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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10
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Bencharif M, Cador O, Cattey H, Ebner A, Halet JF, Kahlal S, Meier W, Mugnier Y, Saillard JY, Schwarz P, Trodi FZ, Wachter J, Zabel M. Electron-Sponge Behavior, Reactivity and Electronic Structures of Cobalt-Centered Cubic Co9Te6(CO)8 Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200701350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Cecconi F, Ghilardi CA, Midollini S, Orlandini A, Bencini A. Synthesis of the cobalt–tellurium ‘stellated’ octahedral clusters [Co6(µ3-Te)8(PEt3)6]n+(n= 1 or 2). Molecular structure of [Co6(µ3-Te)8(PEt3)6][PF6]2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9960003991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Narasimhan LR, Palstra TT, Tanzler SM, Steigerwald ML. Relation between magnetic and structural anisotropy in the Ni23Se12(PEt3)13 cluster compound. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:9337-9340. [PMID: 9977582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.9337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Haddon RC, Pasquarello A. Magnetism of carbon clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:16459-16463. [PMID: 9976033 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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14
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