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Ren J, Donovan D, Watkins J, Wang H, Thomas D, Boivin R. Experimental observation of heat flux mitigation during divertor detachment in the DIII-D small angle slot divertor. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang L, Wang HQ, Ding S, Garofalo AM, Gong XZ, Eldon D, Guo HY, Leonard AW, Hyatt AW, Qian JP, Weisberg DB, McClenaghan J, Fenstermacher ME, Lasnier CJ, Watkins JG, Shafer MW, Xu GS, Huang J, Ren QL, Buttery RJ, Humphreys DA, Thomas DM, Zhang B, Liu JB. Integration of full divertor detachment with improved core confinement for tokamak fusion plasmas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1365. [PMID: 33649306 PMCID: PMC7921092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Divertor detachment offers a promising solution to the challenge of plasma-wall interactions for steady-state operation of fusion reactors. Here, we demonstrate the excellent compatibility of actively controlled full divertor detachment with a high-performance (βN ~ 3, H98 ~ 1.5) core plasma, using high-βp (poloidal beta, βp > 2) scenario characterized by a sustained core internal transport barrier (ITB) and a modest edge transport barrier (ETB) in DIII-D tokamak. The high-βp high-confinement scenario facilitates divertor detachment which, in turn, promotes the development of an even stronger ITB at large radius with a weaker ETB. This self-organized synergy between ITB and ETB, leads to a net gain in energy confinement, in contrast to the net confinement loss caused by divertor detachment in standard H-modes. These results show the potential of integrating excellent core plasma performance with an efficient divertor solution, an essential step towards steady-state operation of reactor-grade plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - H Q Wang
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - S Ding
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - X Z Gong
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - D Eldon
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - H Y Guo
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J P Qian
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | | | | | | | - C J Lasnier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - J G Watkins
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - M W Shafer
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - G S Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Q L Ren
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | | | | | | | - B Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - J B Liu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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Solokha V, Groth M, Brezinsek S, Brix M, Corrigan G, Guillemaut C, Harting D, Jachmich S, Kruezi U, Marsen S, Wiesen S. The role of drifts on the isotope effect on divertor plasma detachment in JET Ohmic discharges. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang D, König R, Feng Y, Burhenn R, Brezinsek S, Jakubowski M, Buttenschön B, Niemann H, Pavone A, Krychowiak M, Kwak S, Svensson J, Gao Y, Pedersen TS, Alonso A, Baldzuhn J, Beidler CD, Biedermann C, Bozhenkov S, Brunner KJ, Damm H, Hirsch M, Giannone L, Drewelow P, Effenberg F, Fuchert G, Hammond KC, Höfel U, Killer C, Knauer J, Laqua HP, Laube R, Pablant N, Pasch E, Penzel F, Rahbarnia K, Reimold F, Thomsen H, Winters V, Wagner F, Klinger T. First Observation of a Stable Highly Dissipative Divertor Plasma Regime on the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:025002. [PMID: 31386539 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X has operated with an island divertor. An operation regime in hydrogen was found in which the total plasma radiation approached the absorbed heating power without noticeable loss of stored energy. The divertor thermography recorded simultaneously a strong reduction of the heat load on all divertor targets, indicating almost complete power detachment. This operation regime was stably sustained over several energy confinement times until the preprogrammed end of the discharge. The plasma radiation is mainly due to oxygen and is located at the plasma edge. This plasma scenario is reproducible and robust at various heating powers, plasma densities, and gas fueling locations. These experimental results show that the island divertor concept actually works and displays good power dissipation potential, producing a promising exhaust concept for the stellarator reactor line.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R König
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Y Feng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Burhenn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Brezinsek
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IEK-4 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Jakubowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Buttenschön
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Niemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Pavone
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Krychowiak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Kwak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Svensson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Y Gao
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IEK-4 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - T S Pedersen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Alonso
- Laboratorio Nacional de Fusion CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Baldzuhn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - C D Beidler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Biedermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Bozhenkov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K J Brunner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Damm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Hirsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - L Giannone
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Drewelow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Effenberg
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Fuchert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K C Hammond
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Höfel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Killer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Knauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - H P Laqua
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Laube
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Pablant
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - E Pasch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Penzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Rahbarnia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Reimold
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Thomsen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - V Winters
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Klinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
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Core plasma confinement during detachment transition with RMP application in LHD. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gao J, Cheng J, Chen C, Yan L, Li W, Lu J, Ji X, Dong Y, Feng B, Liu Y, Yang Q. Divertor heat flux mitigation by using supersonic molecular beam injection in the HL-2A tokamak. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liang Y. Overview of Edge-Localized Mode Control in Tokamak Plasmas. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a11699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Association EURATOM-FZ Jülich Institut für Energieforschung – Plasmaphysik, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Groebner RJ, Osborne TH, Fenstermacher ME, Leonard AW, Mahdavi MA, Moyer RA, Owen LW, Porter GD, Snyder PB, Stangeby PC, Rhodes TL, Wolf NS. Pedestal Studies in DIII-D. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Groebner
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - T. H. Osborne
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | | | - A. W. Leonard
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - M. A. Mahdavi
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - R. A. Moyer
- University of California, San Diego, California
| | - L. W. Owen
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - G. D. Porter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California
| | - P. B. Snyder
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | | | - T. L. Rhodes
- University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - N. S. Wolf
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California
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Pandya SN, Peterson BJ, Mukai K, Sano R, Enokuchi A, Takeyama N. Improved signal to noise ratio and sensitivity of an infrared imaging video bolometer on large helical device by using an infrared periscope. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:073107. [PMID: 25085127 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An Infrared imaging Video Bolometer (IRVB) diagnostic is currently being used in the Large Helical Device (LHD) for studying the localization of radiation structures near the magnetic island and helical divertor X-points during plasma detachment and for 3D tomography. This research demands high signal to noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity to improve the temporal resolution for studying the evolution of radiation structures during plasma detachment and a wide IRVB field of view (FoV) for tomography. Introduction of an infrared periscope allows achievement of a higher SNR and higher sensitivity, which in turn, permits a twofold improvement in the temporal resolution of the diagnostic. Higher SNR along with wide FoV is achieved simultaneously by reducing the separation of the IRVB detector (metal foil) from the bolometer's aperture and the LHD plasma. Altering the distances to meet the aforesaid requirements results in an increased separation between the foil and the IR camera. This leads to a degradation of the diagnostic performance in terms of its sensitivity by 1.5-fold. Using an infrared periscope to image the IRVB foil results in a 7.5-fold increase in the number of IR camera pixels imaging the foil. This improves the IRVB sensitivity which depends on the square root of the number of IR camera pixels being averaged per bolometer channel. Despite the slower f-number (f/# = 1.35) and reduced transmission (τ0 = 89%, due to an increased number of lens elements) for the periscope, the diagnostic with an infrared periscope operational on LHD has improved in terms of sensitivity and SNR by a factor of 1.4 and 4.5, respectively, as compared to the original diagnostic without a periscope (i.e., IRVB foil being directly imaged by the IR camera through conventional optics). The bolometer's field of view has also increased by two times. The paper discusses these improvements in apt details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetang N Pandya
- High Temperature Plasma Physics Research Division, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Byron J Peterson
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Mukai
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sano
- High Temperature Plasma Physics Research Division, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Akito Enokuchi
- GENESIA Corporation, 3-38-4-601 Shimo-Renjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0013, Japan
| | - Norihide Takeyama
- GENESIA Corporation, 3-38-4-601 Shimo-Renjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0013, Japan
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How far is a fusion power reactor from an experimental reactor. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Samm U. The optimization of a radiative plasma mantle by the dynamic ergodic divertor. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(97)00086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nagashima K, Kikuchi M, Kurita G, Ozeki T, Aoyagi T, Ushigusa K, Neyatani Y, Kubo T, Mori K, Nakagawa S, Kuriyama M, Nagami M. Physical design of JT-60 super upgrade. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(96)00698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Messiaen AM, Ongena J, Samm U, Unterberg B, Durodie F, Jaspers R, Tokar MZ, Vandenplas PE, Winter J, Wolf GH, Bertschinger G, Bonheure G, Dumortier P, Euringer H, Finken KH, Fuchs G, Giesen B, Koch R, Könen L, Königs C, Koslowski HR, Krämer-Flecken A, Lyssoivan A, Mank G, Rapp J, Schoon N, Telesca G, Uhlemann R, Vervier M, Waidmann G, Weynants RR. High Confinement and High Density with Stationary Plasma Energy and Strong Edge Radiation in the TEXTOR-94 Tokamak. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:2487-2490. [PMID: 10061966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bosch H, Dux R, Haas G, Kallenbach A, Kaufmann M, Lackner K, Mertens V, Murmann H, Poschenrieder W, Salzmann H, Schweinzer J, Suttrop W, Weinlich M. Invariance of divertor retention on external particle flow in detached ASDEX upgrade discharges. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:2499-2502. [PMID: 10060715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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