1
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Rondepierre A, Zhidkov A, Oumbarek Espinos D, Hosokai T. Stabilization and correction of aberrated laser beams via plasma channelling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12078. [PMID: 38802481 PMCID: PMC11130265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-power laser applications, and especially laser wakefield acceleration, continue to draw attention through various research topics, and may bring many industrial applications based on compact accelerators, from ultrafast imaging to cancer therapy. However, one main step towards this is the arch issue of stability. Indeed, the interaction of a complex, aberrated laser beam with plasma involves a lot of physical phenomena and non-linear effects, such as self-focusing and filamentation. Different outcomes can be induced by small laser instabilities (i.e. laser wavefront), therefore harming any practical solution. One promising path to be explored is the use of a plasma channel to possibly guide and correct aberrated beams. Complex and costly experimental facilities are required to investigate such topics. However, one way to quickly and efficiently explore new solutions is numerical simulations, especially Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations if, and only if, one is confidently implementing such aberrated beams which, contrary to a Gaussian beam, do not have analytical solutions. In this research, we propose two new advancements: the correct implementation of aberrated laser beams inside a 3D PIC code, showing a great consistency, under vacuum, compared to the calculations with Fresnel theory); and the correction of their quality via the propagation inside a plasma channel. We demonstrate improvements in the beam pattern, becoming closer to a single plasma mode with less distortions, and thus suggesting a better stability for the targeted application. Through this confident calculation technique for distorted laser beams, we are now expecting to proceed with more accurate PIC simulations, closer to experimental conditions, and obtained results with plasma channels indicate promising future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rondepierre
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laser Accelerator R&D Team, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan.
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Advanced Technology R&D Center, Industrial Automation Systems Department, Laser Systems Section, Amagasaki, Japan.
| | - Alexei Zhidkov
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Driss Oumbarek Espinos
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomonao Hosokai
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R&D Team, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
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2
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Picksley A, Chappell J, Archer E, Bourgeois N, Cowley J, Emerson DR, Feder L, Gu XJ, Jakobsson O, Ross AJ, Wang W, Walczak R, Hooker SM. All-Optical GeV Electron Bunch Generation in a Laser-Plasma Accelerator via Truncated-Channel Injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:245001. [PMID: 38181162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.245001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We describe a simple scheme, truncated-channel injection, to inject electrons directly into the wakefield driven by a high-intensity laser pulse guided in an all-optical plasma channel. We use this approach to generate dark-current-free 1.2 GeV, 4.5% relative energy spread electron bunches with 120 TW laser pulses guided in a 110 mm-long hydrodynamic optical-field-ionized plasma channel. Our experiments and particle-in-cell simulations show that high-quality electron bunches were only obtained when the drive pulse was closely aligned with the channel axis, and was focused close to the density down ramp formed at the channel entrance. Start-to-end simulations of the channel formation, and electron injection and acceleration show that increasing the channel length to 410 mm would yield 3.65 GeV bunches, with a slice energy spread ∼5×10^{-4}.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picksley
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Chappell
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - E Archer
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - N Bourgeois
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Cowley
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D R Emerson
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - L Feder
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - X J Gu
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - O Jakobsson
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A J Ross
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - W Wang
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - R Walczak
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Somerville College, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HD, United Kingdom
| | - S M Hooker
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
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Oumbarek Espinos D, Rondepierre A, Zhidkov A, Pathak N, Jin Z, Huang K, Nakanii N, Daito I, Kando M, Hosokai T. Notable improvements on LWFA through precise laser wavefront tuning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18466. [PMID: 37891421 PMCID: PMC10611724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) continues to grow and awaken interest worldwide, especially as in various applications it approaches performance comparable to classical accelerators. However, numerous challenges still exist until this can be a reality. The complex non-linear nature of the process of interaction between the laser and the induced plasma remains an obstacle to the widespread LWFA use as stable and reliable particle sources. It is commonly accepted that the best wavefront is a perfect Gaussian distribution. However, experimentally, this is not correct and more complicated ones can potentially give better results. in this work, the effects of tuning the laser wavefront via the controlled introduction of aberrations are explored for an LWFA accelerator using the shock injection configuration. Our experiments show the clear unique correlation between the generated beam transverse characteristics and the different input wavefronts. The electron beams stability, acceleration and injection are also significantly different. We found that in our case, the best beams were generated with a specific complex wavefront. A greater understanding of electron generation as function of the laser input is achieved thanks to this method and hopes towards a higher level of control on the electrons beams by LWFA is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss Oumbarek Espinos
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan.
| | - Alexandre Rondepierre
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Alexei Zhidkov
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Naveen Pathak
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Zhan Jin
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kai Huang
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nakanii
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Izuru Daito
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Masaki Kando
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Tomonao Hosokai
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laser Accelerator R &D, Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Osaka, 679-5148, Japan
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Andrianaki G, Grigoriadis A, Skoulakis A, Tazes I, Mancelli D, Fitilis I, Dimitriou V, Benis EP, Papadogiannis NA, Tatarakis M, Nikolos IK. Design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed, custom-made nozzle for laser wakefield acceleration experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103309. [PMID: 37855698 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Laser WakeField Acceleration (LWFA) is extensively used as a high-energy electron source, with electrons achieving energies up to the GeV level. The produced electron beam characteristics depend strongly on the gas density profile. When the gaseous target is a gas jet, the gas density profile is affected by parameters, such as the nozzle geometry, the gas used, and the backing pressure applied to the gas valve. An electron source based on the LWFA mechanism has recently been developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers. To improve controllability over the electron source, we developed a set of 3D-printed nozzles suitable for creating different gas density profiles according to the experimental necessities. Here, we present a study of the design, manufacturing, evaluation, and performance of a 3D-printed nozzle intended for LWFA experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andrianaki
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - A Grigoriadis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - A Skoulakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Tazes
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - D Mancelli
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I Fitilis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - V Dimitriou
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - E P Benis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - N A Papadogiannis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, School of Music and Optoacoustic Technologies, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74133 Rethymno, Greece
| | - M Tatarakis
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - I K Nikolos
- School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, University Research and Innovation Center, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Crete, Greece
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5
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Review of Quality Optimization of Electron Beam Based on Laser Wakefield Acceleration. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Compared with state-of-the-art radio frequency accelerators, the gradient of laser wakefield accelerators is 3–4 orders of magnitude higher. This is of great significance in the development of miniaturized particle accelerators and radiation sources. Higher requirements have been proposed for the quality of electron beams, owing to the increasing application requirements of tabletop radiation sources, specifically with the rapid development of free-electron laser devices. This review briefly examines the electron beam quality optimization scheme based on laser wakefield acceleration and presents some representative studies. In addition, manipulation of the electron beam phase space by means of injection, plasma profile distribution, and laser evolution is described. This review of studies is beneficial for further promoting the application of laser wakefield accelerators.
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6
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Xu X, Li F, Tsung FS, Miller K, Yakimenko V, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Mori WB. Generation of ultrahigh-brightness pre-bunched beams from a plasma cathode for X-ray free-electron lasers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3364. [PMID: 35690617 PMCID: PMC9188572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The longitudinal coherence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) in the self-amplified spontaneous emission regime could be substantially improved if the high brightness electron beam could be pre-bunched on the radiated wavelength-scale. Here, we show that it is indeed possible to realize such current modulated electron beam at angstrom scale by exciting a nonlinear wake across a periodically modulated plasma-density downramp/plasma cathode. The density modulation turns on and off the injection of electrons in the wake while downramp provides a unique longitudinal mapping between the electrons’ initial injection positions and their final trapped positions inside the wake. The combined use of a downramp and periodic modulation of micrometers is shown to be able to produces a train of high peak current (17 kA) electron bunches with a modulation wavelength of 10’s of angstroms - orders of magnitude shorter than the plasma density modulation. The peak brightness of the nano-bunched beam can be O(1021A/m2/rad2) orders of magnitude higher than current XFEL beams. Such prebunched, high brightness electron beams hold the promise for compact and lower cost XEFLs that can produce nanometer radiation with hundreds of GW power in a 10s of centimeter long undulator. Laser-produced plasma can be used for acceleration and tuning of particle beams. Here the authors discuss the generation of a bunched electron beam using simulations and its application to X-ray free-electron laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank S Tsung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Miller
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Warren B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Li F, Dalichaouch TN, Pierce JR, Xu X, Tsung FS, Lu W, Joshi C, Mori WB. Ultrabright Electron Bunch Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Driven by a Superluminal Flying Focus Electron Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:174803. [PMID: 35570446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.174803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method for self-injection of high-quality electron bunches in the plasma wakefield structure in the blowout regime utilizing a "flying focus" produced by a drive beam with an energy chirp. In a flying focus the speed of the density centroid of the drive bunch can be superluminal or subluminal by utilizing the chromatic dependence of the focusing optics. We first derive the focal velocity and the characteristic length of the focal spot in terms of the focal length and an energy chirp. We then demonstrate using multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that a wake driven by a superluminally propagating flying focus of an electron beam can generate GeV-level electron bunches with ultralow normalized slice emittance (∼30 nm rad), high current (∼17 kA), low slice energy spread (∼0.1%), and therefore high normalized brightness (>10^{19} A/m^{2}/rad^{2}) in a plasma of density ∼10^{19} cm^{-3}. The injection process is highly controllable and tunable by changing the focal velocity and shaping the drive beam current. Near-term experiments at FACET II where the capabilities to generate tens of kA, <10 fs drivers are planned, could potentially produce beams with brightness near 10^{20} A/m^{2}/rad^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T N Dalichaouch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J R Pierce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - X Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F S Tsung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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8
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Khudiakov V, Pukhov A. Optimized laser-assisted electron injection into a quasilinear plasma wakefield. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:035201. [PMID: 35428075 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.035201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an electron injection scheme for plasma wakefield acceleration. The method is based on a recently proposed technique of fast electron generation via laser-solid interaction: a femtosecond laser pulse with the energy of tens of mJ hitting a dense plasma target at 45^{∘} angle expels a well collimated bunch of electrons and accelerates these close to the specular direction up to several MeVs. We study trapping of these fast electrons by a quasilinear wakefield excited by an external beam driver in a surrounding low density plasma. This configuration can be relevant to the AWAKE experiment at CERN. We vary different injection parameters: the phase and angle of injection, the laser pulse energy. An approximate trapping condition is derived for a linear axisymmetric wake. It is used to optimize the trapped charge and is verified by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that a quasilinear plasma wave with the accelerating field ∼ 2.5 GV/m can trap electron bunches with ∼ 100 pC charge, ∼60μm transverse normalized emittance and accelerate them to energies of several GeV with the spread ≲ 1% after 10 m..
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Affiliation(s)
- V Khudiakov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Rovige L, Huijts J, Vernier A, Andriyash I, Sylla F, Tomkus V, Girdauskas V, Raciukaitis G, Dudutis J, Stankevic V, Gecys P, Faure J. Symmetric and asymmetric shocked gas jets for laser-plasma experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083302. [PMID: 34470418 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shocks in supersonic flows offer both high density and sharp density gradients that are used, for instance, for gradient injection in laser-plasma accelerators. We report on a parametric study of oblique shocks created by inserting a straight axisymmetric section at the end of a supersonic "de Laval" nozzle. The effect of different parameters, such as the throat diameter and straight section length on the shock position and density, is studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Experimental characterizations of a shocked nozzle are compared to CFD simulations and found to be in good agreement. We then introduce a newly designed asymmetric shocked gas jet, where the straight section is only present on one lateral side of the nozzle, thus providing a gas profile well adapted for density transition injection. In this case, full-3D fluid simulations and experimental measurements are compared and show excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rovige
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bv des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Huijts
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bv des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Vernier
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bv des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - I Andriyash
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bv des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Sylla
- SourceLAB, 7 rue de la Croix Martre, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - V Tomkus
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Girdauskas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G Raciukaitis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J Dudutis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Stankevic
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - P Gecys
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J Faure
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Bv des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau, France
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10
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Nie Z, Pai CH, Zhang J, Ning X, Hua J, He Y, Wu Y, Su Q, Liu S, Ma Y, Cheng Z, Lu W, Chu HH, Wang J, Zhang C, Mori WB, Joshi C. Photon deceleration in plasma wakes generates single-cycle relativistic tunable infrared pulses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2787. [PMID: 32493931 PMCID: PMC7271200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Availability of relativistically intense, single-cycle, tunable infrared sources will open up new areas of relativistic nonlinear optics of plasmas, impulse IR spectroscopy and pump-probe experiments in the molecular fingerprint region. However, generation of such pulses is still a challenge by current methods. Recently, it has been proposed that time dependent refractive index associated with laser-produced nonlinear wakes in a suitably designed plasma density structure rapidly frequency down-converts photons. The longest wavelength photons slip backwards relative to the evolving laser pulse to form a single-cycle pulse within the nearly evacuated wake cavity. This process is called photon deceleration. Here, we demonstrate this scheme for generating high-power (~100 GW), near single-cycle, wavelength tunable (3–20 µm), infrared pulses using an 810 nm drive laser by tuning the density profile of the plasma. We also demonstrate that these pulses can be used to in-situ probe the transient and nonlinear wakes themselves. Plasma can act as strong nonlinear refractive index medium that can be exploited to downshift the frequency of a laser pulse. Here, the authors show the generation of single-cycle tunable infrared pulses using strong density gradients associated with laser-produced wakes in plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Pai
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaonan Ning
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianfei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yunxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yipeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hsu-Hsin Chu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan.,Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jyhpyng Wang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan. .,Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan. .,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Warren B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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11
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Ma Y, Seipt D, Hussein AE, Hakimi S, Beier NF, Hansen SB, Hinojosa J, Maksimchuk A, Nees J, Krushelnick K, Thomas AGR, Dollar F. Polarization-Dependent Self-Injection by Above Threshold Ionization Heating in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:114801. [PMID: 32242688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of a decreased self-injection threshold by using laser pulses with circular polarization in laser wakefield acceleration experiments in a nonpreformed plasma, compared to the usually employed linear polarization. A significantly higher electron beam charge was also observed for circular polarization compared to linear polarization over a wide range of parameters. Theoretical analysis and quasi-3D particle-in-cell simulations reveal that the self-injection and hence the laser wakefield acceleration is polarization dependent and indicate a different injection mechanism for circularly polarized laser pulses, originating from larger momentum gain by electrons during above threshold ionization. This enables electrons to meet the trapping condition more easily, and the resulting higher plasma temperature was confirmed via spectroscopy of the XUV plasma emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D Seipt
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A E Hussein
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - S Hakimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - N F Beier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S B Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J Hinojosa
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Maksimchuk
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Nees
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K Krushelnick
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A G R Thomas
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - F Dollar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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12
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Wu Y, Ji L, Geng X, Yu Q, Wang N, Feng B, Guo Z, Wang W, Qin C, Yan X, Zhang L, Thomas J, Hützen A, Pukhov A, Büscher M, Shen B, Li R. Polarized electron acceleration in beam-driven plasma wakefield based on density down-ramp injection. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:043202. [PMID: 31770946 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the precession of electron spins during beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration based on density down-ramp injection by means of full three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A relativistic electron beam generated via, e.g., laser wakefield acceleration, serves as the driving source. It traverses the prepolarized gas target and accelerates polarized electrons via the excited wakefield. We derive the criteria for the driving beam parameters and the limitation on the injected beam flux to preserve a high degree of polarization for the accelerated electrons, which are confirmed by our 3D PIC simulations and single-particle modeling. The electron-beam driver is free of the prepulse issue associated with a laser driver, thus eliminating possible depolarization of the prepolarized gas due to ionization by the prepulse. These results provide guidance for future experiments towards generating a source of polarized electrons based on wakefield acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xuesong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Nengwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Bo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chengyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xue Yan
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lingang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Johannes Thomas
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Hützen
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 1, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Büscher
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 1, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Baifei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China.,Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China.,Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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13
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Manahan GG, Habib AF, Scherkl P, Ullmann D, Beaton A, Sutherland A, Kirwan G, Delinikolas P, Heinemann T, Altuijri R, Knetsch A, Karger O, Cook NM, Bruhwiler DL, Sheng ZM, Rosenzweig JB, Hidding B. Advanced schemes for underdense plasma photocathode wakefield accelerators: pathways towards ultrahigh brightness electron beams. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180182. [PMID: 31230572 PMCID: PMC6602916 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 'Trojan Horse' underdense plasma photocathode scheme applied to electron beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration has opened up a path which promises high controllability and tunability and to reach extremely good quality as regards emittance and five-dimensional beam brightness. This combination has the potential to improve the state-of-the-art in accelerator technology significantly. In this paper, we review the basic concepts of the Trojan Horse scheme and present advanced methods for tailoring both the injector laser pulses and the witness electron bunches and combine them with the Trojan Horse scheme. These new approaches will further enhance the beam qualities, such as transverse emittance and longitudinal energy spread, and may allow, for the first time, to produce ultrahigh six-dimensional brightness electron bunches, which is a necessary requirement for driving advanced radiation sources. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Manahan
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. F. Habib
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - P. Scherkl
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - D. Ullmann
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. Beaton
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. Sutherland
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - G. Kirwan
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Delinikolas
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - T. Heinemann
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Altuijri
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Physics Department, Princess Nora Bint Abd Ulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Knetsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Karger
- Department of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Z.-M. Sheng
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - J. B. Rosenzweig
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B. Hidding
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
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14
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Aniculaesei C, Pathak VB, Kim HT, Oh KH, Yoo BJ, Brunetti E, Jang YH, Hojbota CI, Shin JH, Jeon JH, Cho S, Cho MH, Sung JH, Lee SK, Hegelich BM, Nam CH. Electron energy increase in a laser wakefield accelerator using up-ramp plasma density profiles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11249. [PMID: 31375722 PMCID: PMC6677811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase velocity of the wakefield of a laser wakefield accelerator can, theoretically, be manipulated by shaping the longitudinal plasma density profile, thus controlling the parameters of the generated electron beam. We present an experimental method where using a series of shaped longitudinal plasma density profiles we increased the mean electron peak energy more than 50%, from 175 ± 1 MeV to 262 ± 10 MeV and the maximum peak energy from 182 MeV to 363 MeV. The divergence follows closely the change of mean energy and decreases from 58.9 ± 0.45 mrad to 12.6 ± 1.2 mrad along the horizontal axis and from 35 ± 0.3 mrad to 8.3 ± 0.69 mrad along the vertical axis. Particle-in-cell simulations show that a ramp in a plasma density profile can affect the evolution of the wakefield, thus qualitatively confirming the experimental results. The presented method can increase the electron energy for a fixed laser power and at the same time offer an energy tunable source of electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Aniculaesei
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vishwa Bandhu Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwan Oh
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ju Yoo
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Ha Jang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Calin Ioan Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Shin
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Jeon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongha Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Björn Manuel Hegelich
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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15
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Abstract
Fundamental similarities and differences between laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) are discussed. The complementary features enable the conception and development of novel hybrid plasma accelerators, which allow previously not accessible compact solutions for high quality electron bunch generation and arising applications. Very high energy gains can be realized by electron beam drivers even in single stages because PWFA is practically dephasing-free and not diffraction-limited. These electron driver beams for PWFA in turn can be produced in compact LWFA stages. In various hybrid approaches, these PWFA systems can be spiked with ionizing laser pulses to realize tunable and high-quality electron sources via optical density downramp injection (also known as plasma torch) or plasma photocathodes (also known as Trojan Horse) and via wakefield-induced injection (also known as WII). These hybrids can act as beam energy, brightness and quality transformers, and partially have built-in stabilizing features. They thus offer compact pathways towards beams with unprecedented emittance and brightness, which may have transformative impact for light sources and photon science applications. Furthermore, they allow the study of PWFA-specific challenges in compact setups in addition to large linac-based facilities, such as fundamental beam–plasma interaction physics, to develop novel diagnostics, and to develop contributions such as ultralow emittance test beams or other building blocks and schemes which support future plasma-based collider concepts.
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16
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Cho MH, Pathak VB, Kim HT, Nam CH. Controlled electron injection facilitated by nanoparticles for laser wakefield acceleration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16924. [PMID: 30446700 PMCID: PMC6240057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel injection scheme for laser-driven wakefield acceleration in which controllable localized electron injection is obtained by inserting nanoparticles into a plasma medium. The nanoparticles provide a very confined electric field that triggers localized electron injection where nonlinear plasma waves are excited but not sufficient for background electrons self-injection. We present a theoretical model to describe the conditions and properties of the electron injection in the presence of nanoparticles. Multi-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations demonstrate that the total charge of the injected electron beam can be controlled by the position, number, size, and density of the nanoparticles. The PIC simulation also indicates that a 5-GeV electron beam with an energy spread below 1% can be obtained with a 0.5-PW laser pulse by using the nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hoon Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Vishwa Bandhu Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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17
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Ekerfelt H, Hansson M, Gallardo González I, Davoine X, Lundh O. A tunable electron beam source using trapping of electrons in a density down-ramp in laser wakefield acceleration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12229. [PMID: 28947789 PMCID: PMC5613002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One challenge in the development of laser wakefield accelerators is to demonstrate sufficient control and reproducibility of the parameters of the generated bunches of accelerated electrons. Here we report on a numerical study, where we demonstrate that trapping using density down-ramps allows for tuning of several electron bunch parameters by varying the properties of the density down-ramp. We show that the electron bunch length is determined by the difference in density before and after the ramp. Furthermore, the transverse emittance of the bunch is controlled by the steepness of the ramp. Finally, the amount of trapped charge depends both on the density difference and on the steepness of the ramp. We emphasize that both parameters of the density ramp are feasible to vary experimentally. We therefore conclude that this tunable electron accelerator makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, from those requiring short pulse length and low emittance, such as the free-electron lasers, to those requiring high-charge, large-emittance bunches to maximize betatron X-ray generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ekerfelt
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Martin Hansson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Xavier Davoine
- CEA, DAM, DIF, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297, Arpajon, France
| | - Olle Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, S-22100, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Zhang CJ, Hua JF, Wan Y, Pai CH, Guo B, Zhang J, Ma Y, Li F, Wu YP, Chu HH, Gu YQ, Xu XL, Mori WB, Joshi C, Wang J, Lu W. Femtosecond Probing of Plasma Wakefields and Observation of the Plasma Wake Reversal Using a Relativistic Electron Bunch. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:064801. [PMID: 28949606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.064801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that a high-energy electron bunch can be used to capture the instantaneous longitudinal and transverse field structures of the highly transient, microscopic, laser-excited relativistic wake with femtosecond resolution. The spatiotemporal evolution of wakefields in a plasma density up ramp is measured and the reversal of the plasma wake, where the wake wavelength at a particular point in space increases until the wake disappears completely only to reappear at a later time but propagating in the opposite direction, is observed for the first time by using this new technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J F Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Wan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C-H Pai
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - B Guo
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Wu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - H-H Chu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhong-Li 32001, Taiwan
| | - Y Q Gu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - X L Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhong-Li 32001, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- IFSA Collaborative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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19
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Abstract
Particle accelerators are the ultimate microscopes. They produce high energy beams of particles — or, in some cases, generate X-ray laser pulses — to probe the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe and to explore the building blocks of life. But it takes huge accelerators, like the Large Hadron Collider or the two-mile-long SLAC linac, to generate beams with enough energy and resolving power. If we could achieve the same thing with accelerators just a few meters long, accelerators and particle colliders could be much smaller and cheaper. Since the first theoretical work in the early 1980s, an exciting series of experiments have aimed at accelerating electrons and positrons to high energies in a much shorter distance by having them “surf” on waves of hot, ionized gas like that found in fluorescent light tubes. Electron-beam-driven experiments have measured the integrated and dynamic aspects of plasma focusing, the bright flux of high energy betatron radiation photons, particle beam refraction at the plasma–neutral-gas interface, and the structure and amplitude of the accelerating wakefield. Gradients spanning kT/m to MT/m for focusing and 100[Formula: see text]MeV/m to 50[Formula: see text]GeV/m for acceleration have been excited in meter-long plasmas with densities of 10[Formula: see text]–10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], respectively. Positron-beam-driven experiments have evidenced the more complex dynamic and integrated plasma focusing, 100[Formula: see text]MeV/m to 5[Formula: see text]GeV/m acceleration in linear and nonlinear plasma waves, and explored the dynamics of hollow channel plasma structures. Strongly beam-loaded plasma waves have accelerated beams of electrons and positrons with hundreds of pC of charge to over 5[Formula: see text]GeV in meter scale plasmas with high efficiency and narrow energy spread. These “plasma wakefield acceleration” experiments have been mounted by a diverse group of accelerator, laser and plasma researchers from national laboratories and universities around the world. This article reviews the basic principles of plasma wakefield acceleration with electron and positron beams, the current state of understanding, the push for first applications and the long range R&D roadmap toward a high energy collider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94303, USA
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20
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Zhang CJ, Hua JF, Xu XL, Li F, Pai CH, Wan Y, Wu YP, Gu YQ, Mori WB, Joshi C, Lu W. Capturing relativistic wakefield structures in plasmas using ultrashort high-energy electrons as a probe. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29485. [PMID: 27403561 PMCID: PMC4939525 DOI: 10.1038/srep29485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method capable of capturing coherent electric field structures propagating at nearly the speed of light in plasma with a time resolution as small as a few femtoseconds is proposed. This method uses a few femtoseconds long relativistic electron bunch to probe the wake produced in a plasma by an intense laser pulse or an ultra-short relativistic charged particle beam. As the probe bunch traverses the wake, its momentum is modulated by the electric field of the wake, leading to a density variation of the probe after free-space propagation. This variation of probe density produces a snapshot of the wake that can directly give many useful information of the wake structure and its evolution. Furthermore, this snapshot allows detailed mapping of the longitudinal and transverse components of the wakefield. We develop a theoretical model for field reconstruction and verify it using 3-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. This model can accurately reconstruct the wakefield structure in the linear regime, and it can also qualitatively map the major features of nonlinear wakes. The capturing of the injection in a nonlinear wake is demonstrated through 3D PIC simulations as an example of the application of this new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China.,IFSA Collaborative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - J F Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X L Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C-H Pai
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Wan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Wu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Q Gu
- Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - W B Mori
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,IFSA Collaborative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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21
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Zhang X, Khudik VN, Shvets G. Synergistic laser-wakefield and direct-laser acceleration in the plasma-bubble regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:184801. [PMID: 26001005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.184801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a hybrid laser plasma accelerator is proposed. Relativistic electrons undergoing resonant betatron oscillations inside the plasma bubble created by a laser pulse are accelerated by gaining energy directly from the laser pulse and from its plasma wake. The resulting phase space of self-injected plasma electrons is split into two, containing a subpopulation that experiences wakefield acceleration beyond the standard dephasing limit because of the multidimensional nature of its motion that reduces the phase slippage between the electrons and the wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Vladimir N Khudik
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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22
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Yu LL, Esarey E, Schroeder CB, Vay JL, Benedetti C, Geddes CGR, Chen M, Leemans WP. Two-color laser-ionization injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:125001. [PMID: 24724654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed to generate femtosecond, ultralow emittance (∼10-8 m rad), electron beams in a laser-plasma accelerator using two lasers of different colors. A long-wavelength pump pulse, with a large ponderomotive force and small peak electric field, excites a wake without fully ionizing a high-Z gas. A short-wavelength injection pulse, with a small ponderomotive force and large peak electric field, copropagating and delayed with respect to the pump laser, ionizes a fraction of the remaining bound electrons at a trapping wake phase, generating an electron beam that is accelerated in the wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-L Yu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - E Esarey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C B Schroeder
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J-L Vay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Benedetti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C G R Geddes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - W P Leemans
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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23
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Lehe R, Lifschitz AF, Davoine X, Thaury C, Malka V. Optical transverse injection in laser-plasma acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:085005. [PMID: 24010450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.085005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Laser-wakefield acceleration constitutes a promising technology for future electron accelerators. A crucial step in such an accelerator is the injection of electrons into the wakefield, which will largely determine the properties of the extracted beam. We present here a new paradigm of colliding-pulse injection, which allows us to generate high-quality electron bunches having both a very low emittance (0.17 mm·mrad) and a low energy spread (2%), while retaining a high charge (~100 pC) and a short duration (3 fs). In this paradigm, the pulse collision provokes a transient expansion of the accelerating bubble, which then leads to transverse electron injection. This mechanism contrasts with previously observed optical injection mechanisms, which were essentially longitudinal. We also specify the range of parameters in which this new type of injection occurs and show that it is within reach of existing high-intensity laser facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lehe
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS UMR7639-École Polytechnique, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, Palaiseau 91762, France
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24
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Li F, Hua JF, Xu XL, Zhang CJ, Yan LX, Du YC, Huang WH, Chen HB, Tang CX, Lu W, Joshi C, Mori WB, Gu YQ. Generating high-brightness electron beams via ionization injection by transverse colliding lasers in a plasma-wakefield accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:015003. [PMID: 23863007 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The production of ultrabright electron bunches using ionization injection triggered by two transversely colliding laser pulses inside a beam-driven plasma wake is examined via three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The relatively low intensity lasers are polarized along the wake axis and overlap with the wake for a very short time. The result is that the residual momentum of the ionized electrons in the transverse plane of the wake is reduced, and the injection is localized along the propagation axis of the wake. This minimizes both the initial thermal emittance and the emittance growth due to transverse phase mixing. Simulations show that ultrashort (~8 fs) high-current (0.4 kA) electron bunches with a normalized emittance of 8.5 and 6 nm in the two planes, respectively, and a brightness of 1.7×10(19) A rad(-2) m(-2) can be obtained for realistic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Buck A, Wenz J, Xu J, Khrennikov K, Schmid K, Heigoldt M, Mikhailova JM, Geissler M, Shen B, Krausz F, Karsch S, Veisz L. Shock-front injector for high-quality laser-plasma acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:185006. [PMID: 23683211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.185006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of stable and tunable electron bunches with very low absolute energy spread (ΔE ≈ 5 MeV) accelerated in laser wakefields via injection and trapping at a sharp downward density jump produced by a shock front in a supersonic gas flow. The peak of the highly stable and reproducible electron energy spectrum was tuned over more than 1 order of magnitude, containing a charge of 1-100 pC and a charge per energy interval of more than 10 pC/MeV. Laser-plasma electron acceleration with Ti:sapphire lasers using this novel injection mechanism provides high-quality electron bunches tailored for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Buck
- Max-Planck-Insitut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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26
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Ma YY, Kawata S, Yu TP, Gu YQ, Sheng ZM, Yu MY, Zhuo HB, Liu HJ, Yin Y, Takahashi K, Xie XY, Liu JX, Tian CL, Shao FQ. Electron bow-wave injection of electrons in laser-driven bubble acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:046403. [PMID: 22680582 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.046403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An electron injection regime in laser wake-field acceleration, namely electron bow-wave injection, is investigated by two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation as well as analytical model. In this regime electrons in the intense electron bow wave behind the first bubble catch up with the bubble tail and are trapped by the bubble finally, resulting in considerable enhancement of the total trapped electron number. For example, with the increase of the laser intensity from 2 × 10(19) to 1 × 10(20) W/cm(2), the electron trapping changes from normal self-injection to bow-wave injection and the trapped electron number is enhanced by two orders of magnitude. An analytical model is proposed to explain the numerical observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Ma
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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27
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Hidding B, Pretzler G, Rosenzweig JB, Königstein T, Schiller D, Bruhwiler DL. Ultracold electron bunch generation via plasma photocathode emission and acceleration in a beam-driven plasma blowout. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:035001. [PMID: 22400749 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration using low-ionization-threshold gas such as Li is combined with laser-controlled electron injection via ionization of high-ionization-threshold gas such as He. The He electrons are released with low transverse momentum in the focus of the copropagating, nonrelativistic-intensity laser pulse directly inside the accelerating or focusing phase of the Li blowout. This concept paves the way for the generation of sub-μm-size, ultralow-emittance, highly tunable electron bunches, thus enabling a flexible new class of an advanced free electron laser capable high-field accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hidding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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28
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Gupta DN, Nam IH, Suk H. Laser-driven plasma beat-wave propagation in a density-modulated plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:056403. [PMID: 22181524 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.056403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A laser-driven plasma beat wave, propagating through a plasma with a periodic density modulation, can generate two sideband plasma waves. One sideband moves with a smaller phase velocity than the pump plasma wave and the other propagates with a larger phase velocity. The plasma beat wave with a smaller phase velocity can accelerate modest-energy electrons to gain substantial energy and the electrons are further accelerated by the main plasma wave. The large phase velocity plasma wave can accelerate these electrons to higher energies. As a result, the electrons can attain high energies during the acceleration by the plasma waves in the presence of a periodic density modulation. The analytical results are compared with particle-in-cell simulations and are found to be in reasonable agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devki Nandan Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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29
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Zhu X. Ultrashort high quality electron beam from laser wakefield accelerator using two-step plasma density profile. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:033307. [PMID: 20370170 DOI: 10.1063/1.3360927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we first use the rf linac injector mechanism to generate ultrashort high quality electron beam from laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) with two-step plasma density profile successfully. We incorporate the physics principle in the conventional rf linac injector into the LWFA by using two-step plasma density to decrease the wavelength of the wakefield in plasma. Using this mechanism, we observe a ultrashort high quality electron beam (the rms energy spread is 1.9%, and the rms bunch length is 2 fs) in the simulation. The ultrashort intense terahertz coherent radiation (200 MW, 2 fs) can be generated with the proposed laser wakefield accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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30
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Kotaki H, Daito I, Kando M, Hayashi Y, Kawase K, Kameshima T, Fukuda Y, Homma T, Ma J, Chen LM, Esirkepov TZ, Pirozhkov AS, Koga JK, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Kiriyama H, Okada H, Shimomura T, Nakai Y, Tanoue M, Sasao H, Wakai D, Matsuura H, Kondo S, Kanazawa S, Sugiyama A, Daido H, Bulanov SV. Electron optical injection with head-on and countercrossing colliding laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:194803. [PMID: 20365929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.194803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A high stability electron bunch is generated by laser wakefield acceleration with the help of a colliding laser pulse. The wakefield is generated by a laser pulse; the second laser pulse collides with the first pulse at 180 degrees and at 135 degrees realizing optical injection of an electron bunch. The electron bunch has high stability and high reproducibility compared with single pulse electron generation. In the case of 180 degrees collision, special measures have been taken to prevent damage. In the case of 135 degrees collision, since the second pulse is countercrossing, it cannot damage the laser system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kotaki
- Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
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31
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Kostyukov I, Nerush E, Pukhov A, Seredov V. Electron self-injection in multidimensional relativistic-plasma wake fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:175003. [PMID: 19905767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.175003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present an analytical model for electron self-injection in a nonlinear, multidimensional plasma wave excited by a short laser pulse in the bubble regime or by a short electron beam in the blowout regime. In these regimes, which are typical for electron acceleration, the laser radiation pressure or the electron beam charge pushes out background plasma electrons forming a plasma cavity--bubble--with a huge ion charge. The plasma electrons can be trapped in the bubble and accelerated by the plasma wakefields up to very high energies. The model predicts the condition for electron trapping and the trapping cross section in terms of the bubble radius and the bubble velocity. The obtained results are in a good agreement with results of 3D particle-in-cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kostyukov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 46 Uljanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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32
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Geddes CGR, Nakamura K, Plateau GR, Toth C, Cormier-Michel E, Esarey E, Schroeder CB, Cary JR, Leemans WP. Plasma-density-gradient injection of low absolute-momentum-spread electron bunches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:215004. [PMID: 18518614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.215004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plasma density gradients in a gas jet were used to control the wake phase velocity and trapping threshold in a laser wakefield accelerator, producing stable electron bunches with longitudinal and transverse momentum spreads more than 10 times lower than in previous experiments (0.17 and 0.02 MeV/c FWHM, respectively) and with central momenta of 0.76+/-0.02 MeV/c. Transition radiation measurements combined with simulations indicated that the bunches can be used as a wakefield accelerator injector to produce stable beams with 0.2 MeV/c-class momentum spread at high energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G R Geddes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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33
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Oz E, Deng S, Katsouleas T, Muggli P, Barnes CD, Blumenfeld I, Decker FJ, Emma P, Hogan MJ, Ischebeck R, Iverson RH, Kirby N, Krejcik P, O'Connell C, Siemann RH, Walz D, Auerbach D, Clayton CE, Huang C, Johnson DK, Joshi C, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, Zhou M. Ionization-induced electron trapping in ultrarelativistic plasma wakes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:084801. [PMID: 17359103 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The onset of trapping of electrons born inside a highly relativistic, 3D beam-driven plasma wake is investigated. Trapping occurs in the transition regions of a Li plasma confined by He gas. Li plasma electrons support the wake, and higher ionization potential He atoms are ionized as the beam is focused by Li ions and can be trapped. As the wake amplitude is increased, the onset of trapping is observed. Some electrons gain up to 7.6 GeV in a 30.5 cm plasma. The experimentally inferred trapping threshold is at a wake amplitude of 36 GV/m, in good agreement with an analytical model and PIC simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Oz
- Department of Electrophysics and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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34
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Hosokai T, Kinoshita K, Ohkubo T, Maekawa A, Uesaka M, Zhidkov A, Yamazaki A, Kotaki H, Kando M, Nakajima K, Bulanov SV, Tomassini P, Giulietti A, Giulietti D. Observation of strong correlation between quasimonoenergetic electron beam generation by laser wakefield and laser guiding inside a preplasma cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:036407. [PMID: 16605668 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.036407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We use a one-shot measurement technique to study effects of laser prepulses on the electron laser wakefield acceleration driven by relativistically intense laser pulses (lambda=790 nm, 11 TW, 37 fs) in dense helium gas jets. A quasimonoenergetic electron bunch with an energy peak approximately 11.5 MeV[DeltaE/E approximately 10% (FWHM)] and with a narrow-cone angle (0.04pi mm mrad) of ejection is detected at a plasma density of 8 x 10(19) cm(-3). A strong correlation between the generation of monoenergetic electrons and optical guiding of the pulse in a thin channel produced by picosecond laser prepulses is observed. This generation mechanism is well corroborated by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonao Hosokai
- Nuclear Professional School, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 22-2 Shirane-shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1188, Japan.
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35
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Fubiani G, Esarey E, Schroeder CB, Leemans WP. Improvement of electron beam quality in optical injection schemes using negative plasma density gradients. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:026402. [PMID: 16605460 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.026402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced electron trapping using plasma density down-ramps as a method for improving the performance of laser injection schemes is proposed and analyzed. A decrease in density implies an increase in plasma wavelength, which can shift a relativistic electron from the defocusing to the focusing region of the accelerating wakefield, and a decrease in wake phase velocity, which lowers the trapping threshold. The specific method of two-pulse colliding pulse injector is examined in detail using a three-dimensional test particle tracking code. A density down-ramp with a change of density on the order of tens of percent over distances greater than the plasma wavelength leads to an enhancement of charge by two orders in magnitude or more, up to the limits imposed by beam loading. The accelerated bunches are ultrashort (fraction of the plasma wavelength--e.g., approximately 5 fs), high charge ( > 20 pC at modest injection laser intensity approximately 10(17) W/cm(2)), with a relative energy spread of a few percent at a mean energy of approximately 25 MeV, and a normalized root-mean-square emittance of the order of 0.5 mm mrad.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fubiani
- Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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36
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Chien TY, Chang CL, Lee CH, Lin JY, Wang J, Chen SY. Spatially localized self-injection of electrons in a self-modulated laser-wakefield accelerator by using a laser-induced transient density ramp. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:115003. [PMID: 15903867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
By using a laser-induced transient density ramp, we demonstrate self-injection of electrons in a self-modulated laser-wakefield accelerator with spatial localization. The number of injected electrons reaches 1.7 x 10(8). The transient density ramp is produced by a prepulse propagating transversely to drill a density depression channel via ionization and expansion. The same mechanism of injection with comparable efficiency is also demonstrated with a transverse plasma waveguide driven by Coulomb explosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-Y Chien
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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37
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Kim JU, Hafz N, Suk H. Electron trapping and acceleration across a parabolic plasma density profile. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:026409. [PMID: 14995568 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.026409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is known that as a laser wakefield passes through a downward density transition in a plasma some portion of the background electrons are trapped in the laser wakefield and the trapped electrons are accelerated to relativistic high energies over a very short distance. In this study, by using a two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, we suggest an experimental scheme that can manipulate electron trapping and acceleration across a parabolic plasma density channel, which is easier to produce and more feasible to apply to the laser wakefield acceleration experiments. In this study, 2D PIC simulation results for the physical characteristics of the electron bunches that are emitted from the parabolic density plasma channel are reported in great detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- J U Kim
- Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Center for Advanced Accelerators, 28-1 Seongju-dong, Changwon 641-120, Korea.
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38
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He F, Yu W, Lu P, Xu H, Qian L, Shen B, Yuan X, Li R, Xu Z. Ponderomotive acceleration of electrons by a tightly focused intense laser beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 68:046407. [PMID: 14683054 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.046407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2003] [Revised: 07/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ponderomotive force driven acceleration of an electron at the focus of a high-intensity short-pulse laser is considered. Accounting for the asymmetry of acceleration and deceleration due to the evolution of the Gaussian laser beam waist, the energized electron is extracted from the laser pulse by the longitudinal ponderomotive force. It is shown that an electron's energy gain in the range of MeV can be realized for laser intensities above 10(19) W microm(2)/cm(2). Final energy gain as a function of the scattering angle and the electron's initial position has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China.
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39
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England RJ, Rosenzweig JB, Barov N. Plasma electron fluid motion and wave breaking near a density transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 66:016501. [PMID: 12241491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2002] [Revised: 04/12/2002] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Suk, Barov, and Rosenzweig [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1011 (2001)] proposed a scheme for trapping background electrons in a plasma wake field using a sudden downward transition in the background ion density, where the density transition length is small compared to the plasma skin depth. In the present paper we present a fluid dynamical description of this mechanism that is self-consistent up to the point of wave breaking. A one-dimensional nonlinear relativistic second-order differential equation is derived for the electron fluid velocity in Lagrangian coordinates. Numerical integrations of this equation are used to map out the regions of parameter space in which wave breaking occurs and to determine the extent of the downstream region of plasma involved in wave breaking. Comparisons with one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations show that the onset of trapping occurs at the parameter values where wave breaking begins in the fluid analysis, but that the downstream extent of plasma involved in wave breaking is not a reliable predictor of the number of trapped particles. The PIC simulations also reveal that particles initially located on the upstream side of the density transition may become trapped, although these particles do not participate in wave breaking in the fluid description.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J England
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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