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Chu W, Xu X, Cai C, Wu H, Bi G. Non-polarized and ultra-narrow band filter in MIR based on multilayer metasurface. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21303. [PMID: 37954308 PMCID: PMC10632699 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose an ultra narrow-band filter in the mid infrared region (MIR) using artificial metamaterials (AMM), which is suitable for the design of on-chip photonic spectrometers. 2-D rectangular holes with a cross-like layerout are adopted to enhance the filter's efficiency and precision. Considering the penetration depth of electromagnetic (EM) waves in the metal film, we opt for multi-layer films composed of metal layers and dielectric layers, instead of a single metal layer, to improve the structure's performance in the MIR. This multilayer configuration significantly enhances the efficiency and precision of the AMM structures in the MIR. The transmission peak, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 30 nm, can be achieved and tuned in the wavelength range from 3.0 μm to 10.0 μm by changing the periods of the unit cell (enlarging the unit cell from 3.0 to 10.0 μm). The proposed AMM structures, with tunable narrow band transmittance in MIR, exhibit promising potential in the fabrication of narrow band photonic detectors and on-chip spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Chu
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, No. 48, Huzhou Street, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, No. 38, Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xuepeng Xu
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, No. 48, Huzhou Street, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, No. 38, Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chunfeng Cai
- Fundation Science Education Center, Hangzhou City University, No. 48, Huzhou Street, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, No. 38, Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, No. 38, Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Gang Bi
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, No. 48, Huzhou Street, Hangzhou, 310015, China
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2
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Ali H, Petronijevic E, Pellegrini G, Sibilia C, Andreani LC. Circular dichroism in a plasmonic array of elliptical nanoholes with square lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:14196-14211. [PMID: 37157289 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chiral properties of plasmonic metasurfaces, especially related to different absorption of left and right circularly polarized light leading to circular dichroism (CD), are a research hot topic in nanophotonics. There is often a need to understand the physical origin of CD for different chiral metasurfaces, and to get guidelines for the design of structures with optimized and robust CD. In this work, we numerically study CD at normal incidence in square arrays of elliptic nanoholes etched in thin metallic layers (Ag, Au, Al) on a glass substrate and tilted with respect to the symmetry axes. Strong CD arises in absorption spectra at the same wavelength region of extraordinary optical transmission, indicating highly resonant coupling between light and surface plasmon polaritons at the metal/glass and metal/air interfaces. We elucidate the physical origin of absorption CD by a careful comparison of optical spectra for different polarizations (linear and circular), with the aid of static and dynamic simulations of local enhancement of the electric field. Furthermore, we optimize the CD as a function of the ellipse parameters (diameters and tilt), the thickness of the metallic layer, and the lattice constant. We find that silver and gold metasurfaces are most useful for CD resonances above 600 nm, while aluminum metasurfaces are convenient for achieving strong CD resonances in the short-wavelength range of the visible regime and in the near UV. The results give a full picture of chiral optical effects at normal incidence in this simple nanohole array, and suggest interesting applications for chiral biomolecules sensing in such plasmonic geometries.
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3
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Li K, Wang J, Cai W, He H, Liu J, Yin Z, Luo D, Mu Q, Gérard D, Liu YJ. Electrically switchable structural colors based on liquid-crystal-overlaid aluminum anisotropic nanoaperture arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:31913-31924. [PMID: 36242264 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Actively tunable or reconfigurable structural colors are highly promising in future development for high resolution imaging and displaying applications. To this end, we demonstrate switchable structural colors covering the entire visible range by integrating aluminum nanoaperture arrays with nematic liquid crystals. The geometrically anisotropic design of the nanoapertures provides strong polarization-dependent coloration. By overlaying a nematic liquid crystal layer, we further demonstrate switchable ability of the structural colors by either changing the polarization of the incident light or applying an external voltage. The switchable structural colors have a fast response time of 28 ms at a driving voltage of 6.5 V. Furthermore, colorful patterns are demonstrated by coding the colors with various dimensions of nanoaperture arrays with dual switching modes. Our proposed technique in this work provides a dual-mode switchable structural colors, which is highly promising for polarimetric displays, imaging sensors, and visual cryptography.
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4
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Wyss RM, Parzefall M, Schlichting KP, Gruber CM, Busschaert S, Lightner CR, Lörtscher E, Novotny L, Heeg S. Freestanding and Permeable Nanoporous Gold Membranes for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16558-16567. [PMID: 35353489 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) demands reliable, high-enhancement substrates in order to be used in different fields of application. Here we introduce freestanding porous gold membranes (PAuM) as easy-to-produce, scalable, mechanically stable, and effective SERS substrates. We fabricate large-scale sub-30 nm thick PAuM that form freestanding membranes with varying morphologies depending on the nominal gold thickness. These PAuM are mechanically stable for pressures up to more than 3 bar and exhibit surface-enhanced Raman scattering with local enhancement factors from 104 to 105, which we demonstrate by wavelength-dependent and spatially resolved Raman measurements using graphene as a local Raman probe. Numerical simulations reveal that the enhancement arises from individual, nanoscale pores in the membrane acting as optical slot antennas. Our PAuM are mechanically stable, provide robust SERS enhancement for excitation power densities up to 106 W cm-2, and may find use as a building block in SERS-based sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Wyss
- Soft Materials Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl-Philipp Schlichting
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carin Rae Lightner
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Heeg
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12489Berlin, Germany
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5
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Kim G, Kim S, Kim H, Lee J, Badloe T, Rho J. Metasurface-empowered spectral and spatial light modulation for disruptive holographic displays. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4380-4410. [PMID: 35266481 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07909c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The holographic display, one of the most realistic ways to reconstruct optical images in three-dimensional (3D) space, has gained a lot of attention as a next-generation display platform for providing deeper immersive experiences to users. So far, diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been used to generate holographic images by modulating electromagnetic waves at each pixel. However, such architectures suffer from limitations in terms of having a resolution of only a few microns and the bulkiness of the entire optical system. In this review, we describe novel metasurfaces-based nanophotonic platforms that have shown exceptional control of electromagnetic waves at the subwavelength scale as promising candidates to overcome existing restrictions, while realizing flat optical devices. After introducing the fundamentals of metasurfaces in terms of spatial and spectral wavefront modulation, we present a variety of multiplexing approaches for high-capacity and full-color metaholograms exploiting the multiple properties of light as an information carrier. We then review tunable metaholograms using active materials modulated by several external stimuli. Afterward, we discuss the integration of metasurfaces with other optical elements required for future 3D display platforms in augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) displays such as lenses, beam splitters, diffusers, and eye-tracking sensors. Finally, we address the challenges of conventional nanofabrication methods and introduce scalable preparation techniques that can be applied to metasurface-based nanophotonic technologies towards commercially and ergonomically viable future holographic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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6
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Shahid S, Zumrat SE, Talukder MA. A merged lattice metal nanohole array based dual-mode plasmonic laser with an ultra-low threshold. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:801-813. [PMID: 36131826 PMCID: PMC9416848 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic lasers offer great potential for cutting-edge, disruptive applications. However, they suffer from a high loss in metals, lack of spatial coherence in the near field, and divergent far-field emission. The challenges are even more significant for a plasmonic laser emitting more than one wavelength mode. The design complexity required for creating multiple modes often limits avenues for minimizing losses and converging far-field emission patterns. This work exploits plasmonic resonances at the junction of a merged lattice metal nanohole array (NHA) and a one-dimensional photonic crystal to achieve dual-mode lasing. The merged lattice NHA is designed by concentrically combining two simple NHAs with different periodicities to create pseudo randomness, leading to enhanced localization and confinement of light in multiple wavelength modes. The proposed structure notably produces intense dual-mode lasing at an ultra-low threshold compared to recent state-of-the-art plasmonic laser demonstrations. The wavelengths of the lasing modes and the separation between them can be tuned over a broad range by changing the structural parameters. The proposed laser also creates a highly directional far-field pattern with a divergence angle of only <0.35°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadman Shahid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Shahed-E- Zumrat
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Anisuzzaman Talukder
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
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7
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Fabrication of Antireflection Micro/Nanostructures on the Surface of Aluminum Alloy by Femtosecond Laser. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111406. [PMID: 34832818 PMCID: PMC8621096 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Designed micro-nano structures on the surface of aluminum alloy provide excellent light trapping properties that can be used extensively in thermal photovoltaics, sensors, etc. However, the fabrication of high-performance antireflective micro-nano structures on aluminum alloy is challenging because aluminum has shallow intrinsic losses and weak absorption. A two-step strategy is proposed for fabricating broadband antireflection structures by superimposing nanostructures onto microscale structures. By optimizing the processing parameters of femtosecond laser, the average reflectances of 2.6% within the visible spectral region (400–800 nm) and 5.14% within the Vis-NIR spectral region (400–2500 nm) are obtained.
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8
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Verma SK, Srivastava SK. Giant Extra-Ordinary Near Infrared Transmission from Seemingly Opaque Plasmonic Metasurface: Sensing Applications. PLASMONICS (NORWELL, MASS.) 2021; 17:653-663. [PMID: 34690613 PMCID: PMC8526055 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-021-01551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we report giant extra-ordinary transmission of near infrared (NIR) light, more than 90%, through a seemingly opaque plasmonic metasurface, which consists of two metal nano-slits arrays (MNSAs) with alternate opening arrangements. By using perfect coupling of the plasmonic modes formed between the sharp edges of the upper and lower MNSAs of silver, a giant, wavelength selective transmission could be obtained. The study is accompanied by optimization of electromagnetic (EM) field coupling for different interlayer spacings and lateral overlap between the two MNSAs to understand their significance in light transmission through the metasurface. The interlayer spacing between the MNSAs works as the transmitting channel for light. The optimization of performance with different fill factors and plasmonic metals was performed as well. Because of the excitation of extended surface plasmons (ESPs) generated at both the MNSAs, the metasurface can be used for refractive index (RI) sensing as one of its applications by using a transparent and flexible polymer, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), as substrate. The maximum sensitivity which could be achieved for the optimal configuration of the metasurface was 1435.71 nm/RIU, with a figure of merit (FOM) of 80 RIU-1 for 90.45% optical transmission of light for the refractive index variation of analyte medium from 1.33 to 1.38 RIU. The present study strengthens the concept of light funneling through subwavelength structures due to plasmons, which are responsible for light transmission through this seemingly opaque metasurface and finds use in highly sensitive, flexible, and cost-effective EOT-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Kumar Verma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Sachin K. Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667 India
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9
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Li K, Wang J, Cai W, He H, Cen M, Liu J, Luo D, Mu Q, Gérard D, Liu YJ. Electrically Switchable, Polarization-Sensitive Encryption Based on Aluminum Nanoaperture Arrays Integrated with Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7183-7190. [PMID: 34410715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metasurface-based structural coloration is a promising enabling technology for advanced optical encryption with a high-security level. Herein, we propose a paradigm of electrically switchable, polarization-sensitive optical encryption based on designed metasurfaces integrated with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. The metasurfaces consist of anisotropic and isotropic aluminum nanoaperture arrays. Optical images can be encrypted by elaborately arranging anisotropic and isotropic nanoapertures based on their polarization-dependent plasmonic resonance characteristics. We demonstrate high-quality encrypted images and QR codes with electrically switchable, polarization-sensitive properties based on PDLC-integrated aluminum nanoaperture arrays. The proposed technique can be applied to many fields including high-security optical encryption, security tags, anticounterfeiting, multichannel imaging, and dynamic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Light, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes and CNRS ERL 7004, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huilin He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengjia Cen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Quanquan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Davy Gérard
- Light, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes and CNRS ERL 7004, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Yan Jun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen 518055, China
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10
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Li C, Jiang L, Ma Q, Teng Y, Bian B, Yu M, Hua M, Liu X, He J, Su R, Jiang C. Electrically tunable terahertz switch based on superconducting subwavelength hole arrays. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:7530-7535. [PMID: 34613218 DOI: 10.1364/ao.435569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate an electrically tunable superconducting device capable of switching the extraordinary terahertz (THz) transmission. The planar device consists of subwavelength hole arrays with real-time control capability. The maximum transmission coefficient at 0.33 THz is 0.98 and decreases to 0.17 when the applied voltage only increases to 1.3 V. A relative intensity modulation of 82.7% is observed, making this device an efficient THz switch. Additionally, this device exhibits good narrow-bandpass characteristics within 2 THz, which can be used as a frequency-selective component. This study offers an ideal tuning method and delivers a promising approach for designing active and miniaturized devices in THz cryogenic systems.
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11
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Dhyani A, Bhatia K, Sharma S, Tewari B, Mandal P. Optical transmission through MDM plasmonic tri-layer consisting of T and L shape periodic structures. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1990824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dhyani
- Department of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - K.S. Bhatia
- Department of Electronics, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, India
| | - Sudesh Sharma
- Department of Physics, R.P. Degree College, Kamalganz, Farrukhabad, India
| | - B.S. Tewari
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, India
| | - P. Mandal
- Department of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
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12
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Chen CF, Shen CH, Yeh YY. A Thermopile Device with Sub-Wavelength Hole Arrays by CMOS-MEMS Technology. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 21:E180. [PMID: 33383920 PMCID: PMC7795074 DOI: 10.3390/s21010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A thermopile device with sub-wavelength hole array (SHA) is numerically and experimentally investigated. The infrared absorbance (IRA) effect of SHAs in active area of the thermopile device is clearly analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The prototypes are manufactured by the 0.35 μm 2P4M complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor micro-electro-mechanical-systems (CMOS-MEMS) process in Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (TSMC). The measurement results of those prototypes are similar to their simulation results. Based on the simulation technology, more sub-wavelength hole structural effects for IRA of such thermopile device are discussed. It is found from simulation results that the results of SHAs arranged in a hexagonal shape are significantly better than the results of SHAs arranged in a square and the infrared absorption efficiencies (IAEs) of specific asymmetric rectangle and elliptical hole structure arrays are higher than the relatively symmetric square and circular hole structure arrays. The overall best results are respectively up to 3.532 and 3.573 times higher than that without sub-wavelength structure at the target temperature of 60 °C when the minimum structure line width limit of the process is ignored. Obviously, the IRA can be enhanced when the SHAs are considered in active area of the thermopile device and the structural optimization of the SHAs is absolutely necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (Y.-Y.Y.)
| | - Chih-Hsiung Shen
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50007, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ying Yeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (Y.-Y.Y.)
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13
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Sokół AK, Czyszanowski T. Nearly perfect transmission of unpolarized infrared radiation through a one-dimensional metal grating embedded in a monolithic high-contrast grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:38857-38866. [PMID: 33379445 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a conceptually simple polarization-independent mechanism for nearly perfect infrared light transmission through a subwavelength one-dimensional metal grating implemented in the grooves of a deep-subwavelength monolithic high-contrast grating (metalMHCG). We provide theoretical background explaining the transmission mechanism, which eliminates Fresnel reflection as well as significantly reduces metal absorption and the reflection of transverse electric and transverse magnetic light polarizations. Careful design of a metalMHCG implemented at the interface between the regions of high refractive index contrast enables the coincidence of high transmission conditions for both light polarizations, enabling up to 97% transmission of polarization-independent infrared radiation. Our analysis shows excellent electrical properties of the metalMHCG as evidenced by sheet resistance of 2 ΩSq-1 facilitating straightforward horizontal electron transport and vertical injection of the current into the semiconductor substrate on which the electrode is implemented.
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14
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Quantum teleportation mediated by surface plasmon polariton. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11503. [PMID: 32661263 PMCID: PMC7359310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are collective excitations of free electrons propagating along a metal-dielectric interface. Although some basic quantum properties of SPPs, such as the preservation of entanglement, the wave-particle duality of a single plasmon, the quantum interference of two plasmons, and the verification of entanglement generation, have been shown, more advanced quantum information protocols have yet to be demonstrated with SPPs. Here, we experimentally realize quantum state teleportation between single photons and SPPs. To achieve this, we use polarization-entangled photon pairs, coherent photon–plasmon–photon conversion on a metallic subwavelength hole array, complete Bell-state measurements and an active feed-forward technique. The results of both quantum state and quantum process tomography confirm the quantum nature of the SPP mediated teleportation. An average state fidelity of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$0.889\pm 0.004$$\end{document}0.889±0.004 and a process fidelity of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$0.820\pm 0.005$$\end{document}0.820±0.005, which are well above the classical limit, are achieved. Our work shows that SPPs may be useful for realizing complex quantum protocols in a photonic-plasmonic hybrid quantum network.
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15
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Chen Z, Li P, Zhang S, Chen Y, Liu P, Duan H. Enhanced extraordinary optical transmission and refractive-index sensing sensitivity in tapered plasmonic nanohole arrays. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:335201. [PMID: 31013483 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1b89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) caused by light through metallic nanohole arrays has attracted significant attention due to its potential applications for monolithic color filters and ultrasensitive label-free biosensing. However, the EOT spectra of these nanohole arrays have multiple resonance peaks that are spectrally close to each other due to the multiple resonance modes generated by different media on the upper and lower surfaces of metal. In addition, owing to the absorption loss of metal and the scattering of holes, the EOT resonance peaks have low transmission coefficient for practical applications. In this work, utilizing a tapered nanohole arrays structure which is stacked by multiple cylindrical holes with the same depth but different radii, we show that tapered nanohole arrays can effectively suppress the excitation of multiple resonance peaks, and a single EOT peak emerges in the transmission spectrum and simultaneously exhibits significantly enhanced transmission (∼7 times) and narrow linewidth (∼15 nm). The enhanced EOT of tapered nanohole arrays can be also found in other wavelength regions and plasmonic materials. Benefiting from isolated transmission peak, high transmission efficiency and extremely narrow linewidth, a highly sensitive plasmonic nanosensor with sensitivity of 1580 nm/RIU and figure of merit of 105 can be attained. We believe that the tapered nanohole structure would enable applications for ultrasensitive sensors, switches and efficient filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China. College of Information and Electronic Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, People's Republic of China
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Walker JP, Swaminathan V, Haynes AS, Grebel H. Periodic Metallo-Dielectric Structures: Electromagnetic Absorption and its Related Developed Temperatures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2108. [PMID: 31262011 PMCID: PMC6651637 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multi-layer, metallo-dielectric structures (screens) have long been employed as electromagnetic band filters, either in transmission or in reflection modes. Here we study the radiation energy not transmitted or reflected by these structures (trapped radiation, which is denoted-absorption). The trapped radiation leads to hot surfaces. In these bi-layer screens, the top (front) screen is made of metallic hole-array and the bottom (back) screen is made of metallic disk-array. The gap between them is filled with an array of dielectric spheres. The spheres are embedded in a dielectric host material, which is made of either a heat-insulating (air, polyimide) or heat-conducting (MgO) layer. Electromagnetic intensity trapping of 97% is obtained when a 0.15 micron gap is filled with MgO and Si spheres, which are treated as pure dielectrics (namely, with no added absorption loss). Envisioned applications are anti-fogging surfaces, electromagnetic shields, and energy harvesting structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Walker
- Electronic Imaging Center and Electrical Engineering Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | | | - Aisha S Haynes
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Armaments Center, Picatinny, NJ 07806, USA
| | - Haim Grebel
- Electronic Imaging Center and Electrical Engineering Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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17
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Plasmonics for Biosensing. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091411. [PMID: 31052240 PMCID: PMC6539671 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Techniques based on plasmonic resonance can provide label-free, signal enhanced, and real-time sensing means for bioparticles and bioprocesses at the molecular level. With the development in nanofabrication and material science, plasmonics based on synthesized nanoparticles and manufactured nano-patterns in thin films have been prosperously explored. In this short review, resonance modes, materials, and hybrid functions by simultaneously using electrical conductivity for plasmonic biosensing techniques are exclusively reviewed for designs containing nanovoids in thin films. This type of plasmonic biosensors provide prominent potential to achieve integrated lab-on-a-chip which is capable of transporting and detecting minute of multiple bio-analytes with extremely high sensitivity, selectivity, multi-channel and dynamic monitoring for the next generation of point-of-care devices.
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18
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Tu L, Huang L, Wang W. A novel micromachined Fabry-Perot interferometer integrating nano-holes and dielectrophoresis for enhanced biochemical sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 127:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Sun M, Taha M, Walia S, Bhaskaran M, Sriram S, Shieh W, Unnithan RR. A Photonic Switch Based on a Hybrid Combination of Metallic Nanoholes and Phase-change Vanadium Dioxide. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11106. [PMID: 30038382 PMCID: PMC6056514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A photonic switch is an integral part of optical telecommunication systems. A plasmonic bandpass filter integrated with materials exhibiting phase transition can be used as a thermally reconfigurable optical switch. This paper presents the design and demonstration of a broadband photonic switch based on an aluminium nanohole array on quartz utilising the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide. The fabricated switch shows an operating range over 650 nm around the optical communication C, L, and U band with maximum 20%, 23% and 26% transmission difference in switching in the C band, L band, and U band, respectively. The extinction ratio is around 5 dB in the entire operation range. This architecture is a precursor for developing micron-size photonic switches and ultra-compact modulators for thin film photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Taha
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Sumeet Walia
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Madhu Bhaskaran
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Sharath Sriram
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - William Shieh
- Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
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20
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Lee TH, Hirst DJ, Kulkarni K, Del Borgo MP, Aguilar MI. Exploring Molecular-Biomembrane Interactions with Surface Plasmon Resonance and Dual Polarization Interferometry Technology: Expanding the Spotlight onto Biomembrane Structure. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5392-5487. [PMID: 29793341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular analysis of biomolecular-membrane interactions is central to understanding most cellular systems but has emerged as a complex technical challenge given the complexities of membrane structure and composition across all living cells. We present a review of the application of surface plasmon resonance and dual polarization interferometry-based biosensors to the study of biomembrane-based systems using both planar mono- or bilayers or liposomes. We first describe the optical principals and instrumentation of surface plasmon resonance, including both linear and extraordinary transmission modes and dual polarization interferometry. We then describe the wide range of model membrane systems that have been developed for deposition on the chips surfaces that include planar, polymer cushioned, tethered bilayers, and liposomes. This is followed by a description of the different chemical immobilization or physisorption techniques. The application of this broad range of engineered membrane surfaces to biomolecular-membrane interactions is then overviewed and how the information obtained using these techniques enhance our molecular understanding of membrane-mediated peptide and protein function. We first discuss experiments where SPR alone has been used to characterize membrane binding and describe how these studies yielded novel insight into the molecular events associated with membrane interactions and how they provided a significant impetus to more recent studies that focus on coincident membrane structure changes during binding of peptides and proteins. We then discuss the emerging limitations of not monitoring the effects on membrane structure and how SPR data can be combined with DPI to provide significant new information on how a membrane responds to the binding of peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Daniel J Hirst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Ketav Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Mark P Del Borgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
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21
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Transmission surface plasmon resonance techniques and their potential biosensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:399-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Ueno
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomoya Oshikiri
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Quan Sun
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Xu Shi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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23
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Ruan H, Shuang Y, Li L, Cui T. Extraordinary optical transmission through a rectangular hole filled with extreme uniaxial metamaterials. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2386-2389. [PMID: 28614317 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents a theory of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through a rectangular hole filled with the extreme uniaxial metamaterials with infinite longitudinal components of permittivity (ϵz) and permeability (μz). We demonstrate theoretically and numerically that a number of high-order transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes can be supported by such a structure, and that, more interestingly, their normalized transmittance can be remarkably enhanced due to the Fabry-Perot resonance effect. A set of illustrative examples has been provided to demonstrate that such an EOT property could be explored for the purpose of subwavelength-resolution imaging.
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24
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Mariani F, de León-Pérez F, Vendel KJA, Martín-Moreno L, Van Exter MP. Angle resolved transmission through metal hole gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:9061-9070. [PMID: 28437980 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.009061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the first angle resolved measurements of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through hole array gratings in a gold film. Varying the lattice spacing of the arrays and looking at higher diffraction orders, we retrieve the angular emission pattern of the constituent holes with better signal to noise ratio than with single-hole experiments. We present a method to determine separately the angular dependence of the direct and resonant contribution to EOT by using the spectral features of the diffraction orders together with an established model. The comparison of our results with the known angular transmission of a single hole in a metal film yields a good agreement for s-polarized light. Deviations are found for illumination with p-polarized light and we address the discrepancy with Coupled Mode Model calculations and Finite Difference Time Domain simulations. These measured deviations are currently not fully understood.
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25
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Lee IS, Sohn IB, Kang C, Kee CS, Yang JK, Lee JW. High refractive index metamaterials using corrugated metallic slots. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:6365-6371. [PMID: 28380988 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.006365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on a method for realizing high refractive index metamaterials using corrugated metallic slot structures at terahertz frequencies. The effective refractive index and peak index frequency can be controlled by varying the width of the air gap in the corrugated slot arrays. The phenomenon occurs because of the secondary resonance effect due to the fundamental inductive-capacitive resonance, which generates a red-shift of the fundamental resonance determined by twice the length of the corrugated metallic slots. In addition, multiple gaps in the corrugated slots act as plasmonic hotspots which have the properties of three-dimensional subwavelength confinement due to extremely strong enhancement of the terahertz waves. The versatile characteristics of the structures may have many potential applications in designing compact optical devices incorporating various functionalities and in developing highly sensitive spectroscopic/imaging systems.
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26
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Sangiao S, Freire F, de León-Pérez F, Rodrigo SG, De Teresa JM. Plasmonic control of extraordinary optical transmission in the infrared regime. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:505202. [PMID: 27841162 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/50/505202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the spectral location of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) resonances in metallic arrays of rectangular holes can be plasmonically tuned in the near and mid-infrared ranges. The experiments have been performed on patterned gold films. We focus on a subset of localized resonances occurring close to the cut-off wavelength of the holes, λ c. Metals are usually regarded as perfect electric conductors in the infrared regime, with an EOT cut-off resonance found around λ c = 2 L for rectangular holes (L being the long edge). For real metals, the penetration of the electromagnetic fields is simply seen as effectively enlarging L. However, by changing the hole short edge, we have found that λ c varies due to the excitation of gap surface plasmon polaritons. Finite-element calculations confirm that in these high aspect ratio rectangles with short edges two important aspects have to be taken into account in order to explain the experiments: the finite conductivity of the metal and the excitation of gap-surface plasmons inside the nanoholes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sangiao
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain. Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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27
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Balaur E, Sadatnajafi C, Kou SS, Lin J, Abbey B. Continuously Tunable, Polarization Controlled, Colour Palette Produced from Nanoscale Plasmonic Pixels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28062. [PMID: 27312072 PMCID: PMC4911588 DOI: 10.1038/srep28062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colour filters based on nano-apertures in thin metallic films have been widely studied due to their extraordinary optical transmission and small size. These properties make them prime candidates for use in high-resolution colour displays and high accuracy bio-sensors. The inclusion of polarization sensitive plasmonic features in such devices allow additional control over the electromagnetic field distribution, critical for investigations of polarization induced phenomena. Here we demonstrate that cross-shaped nano-apertures can be used for polarization controlled color tuning in the visible range and apply fundamental theoretical models to interpret key features of the transmitted spectrum. Full color transmission was achieved by fine-tuning the periodicity of the apertures, whilst keeping the geometry of individual apertures constant. We demonstrate this effect for both transverse electric and magnetic fields. Furthermore we have been able to demonstrate the same polarization sensitivity even for nano-size, sub-wavelength sets of arrays, which is paramount for ultra-high resolution compact colour displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniu Balaur
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Catherine Sadatnajafi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Shan Shan Kou
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jiao Lin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Brian Abbey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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28
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Lee SC, Kang JH, Park QH, Krishna S, Brueck SRJ. Oscillatory penetration of near-fields in plasmonic excitation at metal-dielectric interfaces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24400. [PMID: 27090841 PMCID: PMC4835736 DOI: 10.1038/srep24400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The electric field immediately below an illuminated metal-film that is perforated with a hole array on a dielectric consists of direct transmission and scattering of the incident light through the holes and evanescent near-field from plasmonic excitations. Depending on the size and shape of the hole apertures, it exhibits an oscillatory decay in the propagation direction. This unusual field penetration is explained by the interference between these contributions, and is experimentally confirmed through an aperture which is engineered with four arms stretched out from a simple circle to manipulate a specific plasmonic excitation available in the metal film. A numerical simulation quantitatively supports the experiment. This fundamental characteristic will impact plasmonics with the near-fields designed by aperture engineering for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lee
- Center for High Technology Materials and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - J H Kang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Q-H Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - S Krishna
- Center for High Technology Materials and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - S R J Brueck
- Center for High Technology Materials and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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29
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Pelzman C, Cho SY. Plasmonic metasurface for simultaneous detection of polarization and spectrum. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:1213-1216. [PMID: 26977672 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a new plasmonic metasurface for simultaneous detection of polarization and spectrum of incident light. The demonstrated metasurface is a rationally designed cluster of artificial atoms that are engineered to exhibit polarization and wavelength-selective optical transmission. The fundamental building block of this structure is periodically coupled subwavelength aperture arrays with different orientations and lattice constants. When integrated with pixelated photodetectors, the metasurface can be used to measure the polarization and spectral information of an optical input. In this Letter, simultaneous detection of the polarization and spectrum of polarized light was experimentally demonstrated by analyzing the transmitted intensity distribution through the metasurface. The demonstrated metasurface offers great potential for many applications, such as polarimetric multispectral imaging and polarization-division multiplexing in optical communications.
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30
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Peer A, Biswas R. Extraordinary optical transmission in nanopatterned ultrathin metal films without holes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4657-4666. [PMID: 26853881 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that a continuous gold film on a periodically textured substrate exhibits extraordinary optical transmission, even though no holes were etched in the film. Our film synthesis started by nanoimprinting a periodic array of nanocups with a period of ∼750 nm on a polystyrene film over a glass substrate. A thin non-conformal gold film was sputter-deposited on the polystyrene by angle-directed deposition. The gold film was continuous with spatial thickness variation, the film being thinnest at the bottom of the nanocup. Measurements revealed an extraordinary transmission peak at a wavelength just smaller than the period, with an enhancement of ∼2.5 compared to the classically expected value. Scattering matrix simulations model well the transmission and reflectance measurements when an ultrathin gold layer (∼5 nm), smaller than the skin depth is retained at the bottom of the nanocups. Electric field intensities are enhanced by >100 within the nanocup, and ∼40 in the ultrathin gold layer causing transmission through it. We show a wavelength red-shift of ∼30 nm in the extraordinary transmission peak when the nanocups are coated with a thin film of a few nanometers, which can be utilized for biosensing. The continuous corrugated metal films are far simpler structures to observe extraordinary transmission, circumventing the difficult process of etching the metal film. Such continuous metal films with ultrathin regions are simple platforms for non-linear optics, plasmonics, and biological and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshit Peer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. and Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Rana Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. and Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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31
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Rodrigo SG, Martín-Moreno L. Absorption-induced transparency metamaterials in the terahertz regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:293-296. [PMID: 26766697 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to what might be expected, when an organic dye is sputtered onto an opaque holey metal film, transmission bands can be observed at the absorption energies of the molecules. This phenomenon, known as absorption-induced transparency, is aided by a strong modification of the propagation properties of light inside the holes when filled by the molecules. Despite having been initially observed in metallic structures in the optical regime, new routes for investigation and applications at different spectral regimes can be devised. Here, to illustrate the potential use of absorption-induced transparency at terahertz, a method for molecular detection is presented and supported by a theoretical analysis.
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32
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Sharma N, Keshmiri H, Zhou X, Wong TI, Petri C, Jonas U, Liedberg B, Dostalek J. Tunable Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays Actuated by a Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Cushion. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:561-568. [PMID: 27182290 PMCID: PMC4863199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
New plasmonic structure with actively tunable optical characteristics based on thermoresponsive hydrogel is reported. It consists of a thin, template-stripped Au film with arrays of nanoholes that is tethered to a transparent support by a cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm)-based polymer network. Upon a contact of the porous Au surface with an aqueous environment, a rapid flow of water through the pores enables swelling and collapsing of the underlying pNIPAAm network. The swelling and collapsing could be triggered by small temperature changes around the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the hydrogel. The process is reversible, and it is associated with strong refractive index changes of Δn ∼ 0.1, which characteristically alters the spectrum of surface plasmon modes supported by the porous Au film. This approach can offer new attractive means for optical biosensors with flow-through architecture and actively tunable plasmonic transmission optical filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Sharma
- Biosensor
Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of
Technology, Muthgasse
11, Wien, Austria
- Centre
for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Hamid Keshmiri
- Biosensor
Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of
Technology, Muthgasse
11, Wien, Austria
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Institute
of Materials Research & Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, 2 Fusionopolis
Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ten It Wong
- Institute
of Materials Research & Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, 2 Fusionopolis
Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Christian Petri
- Biosensor
Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of
Technology, Muthgasse
11, Wien, Austria
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Centre
for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- Biosensor
Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of
Technology, Muthgasse
11, Wien, Austria
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33
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Hu XL, Sun LB, Zeng B, Wang LS, Yu ZG, Bai SA, Yang SM, Zhao LX, Li Q, Qiu M, Tai RZ, Fecht HJ, Jiang JZ, Zhang DX. Polarization-independent plasmonic subtractive color filtering in ultrathin Ag nanodisks with high transmission. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:148-152. [PMID: 26835634 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a TE/TM polarization-independent plasmonic subtractive color filtering scheme employing ultrathin two-dimensional Ag nanodisks. These TE/TM polarization-independent subtractive color filters exhibit small feature sizes (below 200 nm) and high transmission up to 70% in the visible spectral region, superior to previously reported plasmonic color filters. Simulated optical transmission spectra and colors are in good agreement with experimental results. The color-filtering behaviors strongly depend on thickness and period of nanodisks. Underlying mechanisms are also discussed in detail.
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34
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Du L, Kou SS, Balaur E, Cadusch JJ, Roberts A, Abbey B, Yuan XC, Tang D, Lin J. Broadband chirality-coded meta-aperture for photon-spin resolving. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10051. [PMID: 26628047 PMCID: PMC4686760 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The behaviour of light transmitted through an individual subwavelength aperture becomes counterintuitive in the presence of surrounding ‘decoration', a phenomenon known as the extraordinary optical transmission. Despite being polarization-sensitive, such an individual nano-aperture, however, often cannot differentiate between the two distinct spin-states of photons because of the loss of photon information on light-aperture interaction. This creates a ‘blind-spot' for the aperture with respect to the helicity of chiral light. Here we report the development of a subwavelength aperture embedded with metasurfaces dubbed a ‘meta-aperture', which breaks this spin degeneracy. By exploiting the phase-shaping capabilities of metasurfaces, we are able to create specific meta-apertures in which the pair of circularly polarized light spin-states produces opposite transmission spectra over a broad spectral range. The concept incorporating metasurfaces with nano-apertures provides a venue for exploring new physics on spin-aperture interaction and potentially has a broad range of applications in spin-optoelectronics and chiral sensing. Nano-apertures cannot distinguish between distinct spin-states of photons because of information loss upon light-aperture interaction. Here, Du et al. report a subwavelength aperture integrated with metasurfaces which breaks spin degeneracy and produces opposite transmission spectra over a broad spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Du
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen University &Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.,School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Tin Alley, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shan Shan Kou
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Tin Alley, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
| | - Eugeniu Balaur
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
| | - Jasper J Cadusch
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Tin Alley, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ann Roberts
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Tin Alley, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brian Abbey
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Australia
| | - Xiao-Cong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen University &Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dingyuan Tang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiao Lin
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen University &Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Tin Alley, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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35
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Parzefall M, Bharadwaj P, Jain A, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Novotny L. Antenna-coupled photon emission from hexagonal boron nitride tunnel junctions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:1058-63. [PMID: 26367108 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast conversion of electrical signals to optical signals at the nanoscale is of fundamental interest for data processing, telecommunication and optical interconnects. However, the modulation bandwidths of semiconductor light-emitting diodes are limited by the spontaneous recombination rate of electron-hole pairs, and the footprint of electrically driven ultrafast lasers is too large for practical on-chip integration. A metal-insulator-metal tunnel junction approaches the ultimate size limit of electronic devices and its operating speed is fundamentally limited only by the tunnelling time. Here, we study the conversion of electrons (localized in vertical gold-hexagonal boron nitride-gold tunnel junctions) to free-space photons, mediated by resonant slot antennas. Optical antennas efficiently bridge the size mismatch between nanoscale volumes and far-field radiation and strongly enhance the electron-photon conversion efficiency. We achieve polarized, directional and resonantly enhanced light emission from inelastic electron tunnelling and establish a novel platform for studying the interaction of electrons with strongly localized electromagnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Parzefall
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - P Bharadwaj
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - A Jain
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - L Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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36
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Narasimhan VK, Hymel TM, Lai RA, Cui Y. Hybrid Metal-Semiconductor Nanostructure for Ultrahigh Optical Absorption and Low Electrical Resistance at Optoelectronic Interfaces. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10590-10597. [PMID: 26447932 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Engineered optoelectronic surfaces must control both the flow of light and the flow of electrons at an interface; however, nanostructures for photon and electron management have typically been studied and optimized separately. In this work, we unify these concepts in a new hybrid metal-semiconductor surface that offers both strong light absorption and high electrical conductivity. We use metal-assisted chemical etching to nanostructure the surface of a silicon wafer, creating an array of silicon nanopillars protruding through holes in a gold film. When coated with a silicon nitride anti-reflection layer, we observe broad-band absorption of up to 97% in this structure, which is remarkable considering that metal covers 60% of the top surface. We use optical simulations to show that Mie-like resonances in the nanopillars funnel light around the metal layer and into the substrate, rendering the metal nearly transparent to the incoming light. Our results show that, across a wide parameter space, hybrid metal-semiconductor surfaces with absorption above 90% and sheet resistance below 20 Ω/□ are realizable, suggesting a new paradigm wherein transparent electrodes and photon management textures are designed and fabricated together to create high-performance optoelectronic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Narasimhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Thomas M Hymel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ruby A Lai
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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37
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Yu Y, Chen Q, Wen L, Hu X, Zhang HF. Spatial optical crosstalk in CMOS image sensors integrated with plasmonic color filters. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:21994-2003. [PMID: 26368174 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.021994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Imaging resolution of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS) keeps increasing to approximately 7k × 4k. As a result, the pixel size shrinks down to sub-2μm, which greatly increases the spatial optical crosstalk. Recently, plasmonic color filter was proposed as an alternative to conventional colorant pigmented ones. However, there is little work on its size effect and the spatial optical crosstalk in a model of CIS. By numerical simulation, we investigate the size effect of nanocross array plasmonic color filters and analyze the spatial optical crosstalk of each pixel in a Bayer array of a CIS with a pixel size of 1μm. It is found that the small pixel size deteriorates the filtering performance of nanocross color filters and induces substantial spatial color crosstalk. By integrating the plasmonic filters in the low Metal layer in standard CMOS process, the crosstalk reduces significantly, which is compatible to pigmented filters in a state-of-the-art backside illumination CIS.
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38
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Pelzman C, Cho SY. Polarization-selective optical transmission through a plasmonic metasurface. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2015; 106:251101. [PMID: 26180264 PMCID: PMC4482849 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a nanoslit-based metasurface that offers polarization-selective optical transmission for advanced imaging applications. The metasurface consists of an array of meta-atoms, constructed with two orthogonally coupled subwavelength apertures. Highly enhanced optical transmission was achieved by selective excitation of surface plasmon waves on the metasurface. By rotating the orientation of the linearly polarized incident beam, switching of enhanced optical transmission bands through the metasurface was experimentally demonstrated. This demonstration is a significant step towards developing advanced multispectral imaging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Pelzman
- Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003-8001, USA
| | - Sang-Yeon Cho
- Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003-8001, USA
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39
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Rational design of metallic nanocavities for resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10033. [PMID: 25974175 PMCID: PMC4650325 DOI: 10.1038/srep10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing the shape of nanostructures and nano-antennas for specific optical properties has evolved to be a very fruitful activity. With modern fabrication tools a large variety of possibilities is available for shaping both nanoparticles and nanocavities; in particular nanocavities in thin metal films have emerged as attractive candidates for new metamaterials and strong linear and nonlinear optical systems. Here we rationally design metallic nanocavities to boost their Four-Wave Mixing response by resonating the optical plasmonic resonances with the incoming and generated beams. The linear and nonlinear optical responses as well as the propagation of the electric fields inside the cavities are derived from the solution of Maxwell's equations by using the 3D finite-differences time domain method. The observed conversion-efficiency of near-infrared to visible light equals or surpasses that of BBO of equivalent thickness. Implications to further optimization for efficient and broadband ultrathin nonlinear optical materials are discussed.
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40
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Gu Y, Zhang L, Yang JKW, Yeo SP, Qiu CW. Color generation via subwavelength plasmonic nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:6409-19. [PMID: 25800353 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00578g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in color filtering and display technologies have focused predominantly on high resolution, color vibrancy, high efficiency, and slim dimensions. To achieve these goals, metallic nanostructures have attracted extensive research interest due to their abilities to manipulate the properties of light through surface plasmon resonances. In this paper, we review recent representative developments in plasmonic color engineering at the nanoscale using subwavelength nanostructures, demonstrating their great potential in high-resolution and high-fidelity color rendering, spectral filtering applications, holography, three-dimensional stereoscopic imaging, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Gu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
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41
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Xie Y, Liu H, Jia H, Zhong Y. Surface-mode model of the extraordinary optical transmission without plasmons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:5749-5762. [PMID: 25836805 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a microscopic surface-mode model for the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through subwavelength metallic slit array covered with a thin dielectric layer under illumination of transverse-electric (TE) polarization. Remarkably, surface plasmon polarizations (SPPs) do not exist for this polarization. It is commonly believed that the waveguide mode in the dielectric layer plays a role similar to that of the SPP in classical EOT. To check the intuitive belief, we derive a surface-mode model by considering the multiple scattering process of the fundamental waveguide mode and neglecting all other residual field in the thin dielectric layer. The model captures the main feature of EOT and provides a phase-matching condition to predict the transmission resonance. Quantitative comparison between fully-vectorial calculations and model predictions shows that besides the fundamental waveguide mode, other residual field in the thin dielectric layer also contributes to the EOT without SPP.
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42
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Collin S. Nanostructure arrays in free-space: optical properties and applications. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:126402. [PMID: 25427236 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/12/126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric and metallic gratings have been studied for more than a century. Nevertheless, novel optical phenomena and fabrication techniques have emerged recently and have opened new perspectives for applications in the visible and infrared domains. Here, we review the design rules and the resonant mechanisms that can lead to very efficient light-matter interactions in sub-wavelength nanostructure arrays. We emphasize the role of symmetries and free-space coupling of resonant structures. We present the different scenarios for perfect optical absorption, transmission or reflection of plane waves in resonant nanostructures. We discuss the fabrication issues, experimental achievements and emerging applications of resonant nanostructure arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Collin
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN-CNRS), Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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43
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Ding J, Arigong B, Ren H, Zhou M, Shao J, Lin Y, Zhang H. Efficient multiband and broadband cross polarization converters based on slotted L-shaped nanoantennas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29143-29151. [PMID: 25402153 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we presented highly efficient reflective cross polarization converters based on metamaterials operating in the infrared regime, which are composed of a dielectric spacer sandwiched between slotted L-shaped metallic nanoantennas and a ground plane. The proposed polarization converters can convert a linearly polarized wave to its cross polarized wave with high polarization conversion ratio (> 0.95) over multiple / broad frequency bands. The resulting multi-band and broadband operations are induced by the localized mode hybridizations between the slot and the original metallic nanoantenna. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed converters under different incident angles is also explored. It is found that the first broad band (or the first two resonant frequencies) of the proposed broadband (or multi-band) converters appears to be independent of the incident angle (up to 47°).
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44
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Ai B, Wang L, Möhwald H, Yu Y, Zhang G. Asymmetric half-cone/nanohole array films with structural and directional reshaping of extraordinary optical transmission. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8997-9005. [PMID: 24969165 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Structured films with periodic arrays of nanoholes covered by half-cone shells are fabricated via a simple and efficient colloidal lithography method. The designed films show strong polarization dependence in optical transmission. By decreasing the height of half-cone shells the peak shifts and this shift varies strongly for different orthogonal polarizations. Furthermore, the three-dimensional (3D) asymmetric arrays exhibit a pronounced increase in the transmission intensity by changing the direction of the incident light from the half-cone shell (shelter) side to the empty side. Special surface plasmon resonances excited by the unique 3D asymmetric structure are responsible for these novel properties, and the experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. The nanostructured films in this work will be useful for metallic nanophotonic elements in many applications, including surface plasmon enhanced optical sensing and ultrafast optical switching, as well as versatile substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, anisotropic wettability and other potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ai
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China.
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45
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Lee JW, Yang JK, Sohn IB, Yoo HK, Kang C, Kee CS. Monopole resonators in planar plasmonic metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:18433-18439. [PMID: 25089462 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.018433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We first present a new phenomenon: the quarter-wavelength resonance of an electromagnetic field in planar plasmonic metamaterials consisting of asymmetrically coupled air-slot arrays, which is essential for a monopole resonator. The anti-nodal electric field intensity of the quarter-wavelength fundamental mode is formed by strong charge concentrations at the sharp metallic edges of the crossing position of the air-slots, and the nodal point of the electric field intensity naturally occurs at the other end of the air-slot. By tuning the structural asymmetry, the quarter-wavelength resonances were successfully split from the half-wavelength resonance, experimentally and numerically.
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46
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Wang W, Zhang W, Fang X, Huang Y, Liu Q, Bai M, Zhang D. Omnidirectional light absorption of disordered nano-hole structure inspired from Papilio ulysses. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:4208-4211. [PMID: 25121688 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies routinely produce nanostructured surfaces with useful properties. Here, we report a disordered nano-hole structure with ridges inspired by Papilio ulysses that produce omnidirectional light absorption compared with the common ordered structure. The result shows that the omnidirectional light absorption is affected by polarization, the incident angle, and the wavelength. Using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, the stable omnidirectional light absorption is achieved in the structure inspired from the Papilio ulysses over a wide incident angle range and with various wavelengths. This explains some of the mysteries of the structure of the Papilio ulysses butterfly. These conclusions can guide the design of omnidirectional absorption materials.
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47
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Peng N, Li X, She W. Nonreciprocal optical transmission through a single conical air hole in an Ag film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:17546-17552. [PMID: 25090569 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.017546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a simple metal micro-nano structure having the character of nonreciprocal optical zero-order transmission. The structure is a single conical air hole (CAH) in an Ag film whose optical absorption with geometric asymmetry breaks the time reversal symmetry of the electromagnetic field. By comparing the transmissions of Ag CAH with those of ideal conductor (IC) CAH, three effects of Ag CAH, including diffraction, Fabry-Perot-like (FPL) resonance and localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance, are analyzed and discussed. Under optimized conditions, we find that the ratio of forward transmission to backward one can be larger than 9 at a proper wavelength in visible range. This kind of Ag CAH is expected to have the potential served as all-optical diode.
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48
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Wang BL, Wang R, Liu RJ, Lu XH, Zhao J, Li ZY. Origin of shape resonance in second-harmonic generation from metallic nanohole arrays. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2358. [PMID: 23912881 PMCID: PMC3733058 DOI: 10.1038/srep02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) from periodic arrays of subwavelength rectangular air hole with various aspect ratios perforated in gold thin films can get resonantly enhanced for some specific geometric shapes. Here we clarify the physical origin of this shape resonance effect. A nonlinear coupled-mode theory is set up to solve energy conversion from fundamental wave (FW) mode to second-harmonic wave (SHW) mode within the nanoscale air hole. It reveals that several physical mechanisms, including the FW mode excitation amplitude, FW-SHW modal spatial overlap, FW-SHW mode phase mismatch, and SHW mode attenuation, are all geometric shape sensitive and altogether act to induce the SHG shape resonance effect. The theory agrees well with experimental observations and provides an accurate and complete explanation for the long-emphasized but elusive shape effect. The study may stimulate deeper insights to visualize general nonlinear nanophotonic processes and pave the way to engineering high-efficiency nonlinear nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Li Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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49
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Roberts AS, Pors A, Albrektsen O, Bozhevolnyi SI. Subwavelength plasmonic color printing protected for ambient use. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:783-7. [PMID: 24392819 DOI: 10.1021/nl404129n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate plasmonic color printing with subwavelength resolution using circular gap-plasmon resonators (GPRs) arranged in 340 nm period arrays of square unit cells and fabricated with single-step electron-beam lithography. We develop a printing procedure resulting in correct single-pixel color reproduction, high color uniformity of colored areas, and high reproduction fidelity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, due to inherent stability of GPRs with respect to surfactants, the fabricated color print can be protected with a transparent dielectric overlay for ambient use without destroying its coloring. Using finite-element simulations, we uncover the physical mechanisms responsible for color printing with GPR arrays and suggest the appropriate design procedure minimizing the influence of the protection layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Roberts
- Department of Technology and Innovation (ITI), University of Southern Denmark , Niels Bohrs Allé 1, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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50
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Chen Y, Zhan L, Wu J, Wang T. Polarization anisotropic transmission through metallic Sierpinski-Carpet aperture array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:2222-2227. [PMID: 24663514 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.002222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extraordinary optical transmission through rectangular Sierpinski -Carpet aperture array on an Ag film has been observed. Attributed to the fractal-featured rectangle array, it exhibits polarization dependence and dual-band transmission simultaneously. In addition, the incident angle invariance transmission displays within a certain angle range, which is quite different from ordinary rectangles. This report provides a way to achieve the polarization-manipulated multi-band transmission in infrared region.
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