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Rajagopal Padma M, Dinesh P, Sundaresan R, Athreya S, Shiju S, Maroor PS, Lalitha Hande R, Akhtar J, Chandra T, Ravi D, Lobo E, Ana Y, Shriyan P, Desai A, Rangaiah A, Munivenkatappa A, Krishna S, Basawarajappa SG, Sreedhara H, Siddesh K, Kumari BA, Umar N, Mythri B, Mythri K, Sudarshan MK, Vasanthapuram R, Rathnaiah Babu G. Corrigendum to "Second round statewide sentinel-based population survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India, during January-February 2021" [IJID Regions Vol 1(2021) pages 107-116]. IJID Reg 2024; 10:150. [PMID: 38314395 PMCID: PMC10835276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.10.008.].
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rajagopal Padma
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Prameela Dinesh
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Rajesh Sundaresan
- Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Rd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012
| | - Siva Athreya
- Indian Statistical Institute – Bengaluru Centre, 8th Mile, Mysore Rd, RVCE Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560059
| | - Shilpa Shiju
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Parimala S. Maroor
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - R. Lalitha Hande
- UNICEF, Karnataka, Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services, Government of Karnataka, Vikasa Soudha, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560008
| | - Trilok Chandra
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Deepa Ravi
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, Magadi Rd 1st cross, next to leprosy hospital, SIHFW premises, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Eunice Lobo
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, Magadi Rd 1st cross, next to leprosy hospital, SIHFW premises, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Yamuna Ana
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, Magadi Rd 1st cross, next to leprosy hospital, SIHFW premises, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Prafulla Shriyan
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, Magadi Rd 1st cross, next to leprosy hospital, SIHFW premises, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Anita Desai
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029
| | - Ambica Rangaiah
- VRDL, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Fort, K.R. Road, Bengaluru, 560002
| | - Ashok Munivenkatappa
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Bengaluru Unit, Someshwaranagar, 1st Main, Dharmaram College Post, Bengaluru, 560029
| | - S. Krishna
- Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari Karnataka, 583104
| | | | - H.G. Sreedhara
- VRDL Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Chamarajendra Hospital Campus, Krishnaraja Pura, Hassan, Karnataka, 573201
| | - K.C. Siddesh
- VRDL, Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Sagar Road, Shimoga, Karnataka, 577201
| | - B. Amrutha Kumari
- VRDL Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Irwin Road, Mysuru Karnataka, 570001
| | - Nawaz Umar
- Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Veeresh Nagar, Sedam Road Kalaburagi, Karnataka, 585105
| | - B.A. Mythri
- Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, PB Rd, Vidya Nagar, Hubli, Karnataka, 580022
| | - K.M. Mythri
- Institute of Nephro Urology, Victoria Hospital Campus, Bengaluru, 560002
| | - Mysore Kalappa Sudarshan
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
| | - Ravi Vasanthapuram
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029
| | - Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
- Professor of Global health, Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar
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Krishna S, Fasaludeen A, Jose M, Banerjee M, Sundaram S, Radhakrishnan A, Menon RN. Impact of variant subtype on electro-clinical phenotype of Dravet syndrome- a South Indian cohort study. Seizure 2024; 115:81-86. [PMID: 38232648 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the electroclinical correlates of truncating and missense variants of SCN1A variants in children with Dravet syndrome (DS) and to determine phenotypic features in relation to variants identified and seizure outcomes. METHODS A single center prospective study was carried out on a South Indian cohort. Patients below 18 years of age who met the clinical criteria for DS who had undergone genetic testing and completed a minimum of one year follow up were included. We compared the differences in clinical profile, seizure outcome, developmental characteristics and anti-seizure medication (ASM) responsiveness profiles between patients with missense and truncating variants. RESULTS Out of a total of 3967 children with drug-resistant epilepsy during the period 2015-2021, 49 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were studied. Thirty-seven had positive genetic tests, out of which 29 were SCN1A variants and 9 were other novel variants. The proportion of missense (14; 48.3%) and truncating SCN1A variants (15; 51.7%) was similar. A significant trend for developing multiple seizure types was noted among children with truncating variants (p = 0.035) and seizure freedom was more likely among children with missense variants (p = 0.042). All patients with truncating variants had ASM resistant epilepsy (p = 0.020). Developmental outcomes did not differ between the variant subtypes. CONCLUSION Our results show that children harbouring missense variants demonstrated a significantly lower propensity for multiple seizure subtypes and a higher proportion with seizure freedom. However developmental implications appear to be independent of variant subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Alfiya Fasaludeen
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Manna Jose
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Moinak Banerjee
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Soumya Sundaram
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Neuodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Ashalatha Radhakrishnan
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Ramshekhar N Menon
- R Madhavan Nayar Centre for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Comprehensive Care Centre for Neuodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
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Stelzenmüller V, Rehren J, Örey S, Lemmen C, Krishna S, Hasenbein M, Püts M, Probst WN, Diekmann R, Scheffran J, Bos OG, Wirtz K. Framing future trajectories of human activities in the German North Sea to inform cumulative effects assessments and marine spatial planning. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119507. [PMID: 37956520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The global industrialization of seascapes and climate change leads to an increased risk of severe impacts on marine ecosystem functioning. While broad scale spatio-temporal assessments of human pressures on marine ecosystems become more available, future trajectories of human activities at regional and local scales remain often speculative. Here we introduce a stepwise process to integrate bottom-up and expert-driven approaches for scenario development to inform cumulative effects assessments and related marine spatial planning (MSP). Following this guidance, we developed optimistic, realistic, and pessimistic scenarios for major human pressures in the German North Sea such as bottom trawling, offshore wind, nutrient discharge, and aggregate extraction. The forecasts comprise quantitative estimates in relation to spatial footprint, intensity, and technological advancements of those pressures for the years 2030 and 2060. Using network analyses, we assessed interactions of the current and future trajectories of pressures thereby accounting for climate change and the growing need for marine conservation. Our results show that future scenarios of spatial distributions could be developed for activities that are spatially refined and included in the current MSP process. Further our detailed analyses of interdependencies of development components revealed that forecasts regarding specific targets and intensities of human activities depend also strongly on future technological advances. For fisheries and nutrient discharge estimates were less certain due to critical socio-ecological interactions in the marine and terrestrial realm. Overall, our approach unraveled such trade-offs and sources of uncertainties. Yet, our quantitative predictive scenarios were built under a sustainability narrative on a profound knowledge of interactions with other sectors and components in and outside the management boundaries. We advocate that they enable a better preparedness for future changes of cumulative pressure on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Stelzenmüller
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - J Rehren
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - S Örey
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany; Hochschule Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - C Lemmen
- Helmholtz-Center Hereon, Institute of Coastal Systems, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - S Krishna
- Helmholtz-Center Hereon, Institute of Coastal Systems, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - M Hasenbein
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Püts
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - W N Probst
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - R Diekmann
- Hochschule Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - J Scheffran
- Institute of Geography, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - O G Bos
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, Den Helder, the Netherlands
| | - K Wirtz
- Helmholtz-Center Hereon, Institute of Coastal Systems, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
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Logan C, Singh M, Fox N, Brown G, Krishna S, Gordon K, Macallan D, Bicanic T. Chromoblastomycosis treated with posaconazole and adjunctive imiquimod: lending innate immunity a helping hand. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad124. [PMID: 37035498 PMCID: PMC10077821 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a difficult-to-treat, chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The evidence base for treatment is scarce, with no standardised therapeutic approach. Chronicity of CBM infection is postulated to be due in part to a failure of host cell-mediated immunity to generate a proinflammatory response sufficient for fungal clearance. We present a case of a chronic chromoblastomycosis lesion of the hand present for nearly four decades, previously refractory to itraconazole monotherapy, that was successfully treated with a combination of posaconazole and adjunctive immunotherapy with topical Imiquimod, a toll-like receptor 7 agonist. Serial biopsies and images demonstrate the clinical and histopathological improvement of the lesion. Randomised trials of antifungal therapy with adjunctive imiquimod are warranted to determine whether a combination of antifungal and host-directed therapy improves outcomes for this neglected tropical mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Logan
- Clinical Infection Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Blackshaw Road, London , United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St Georges University London , Cranmer Terrace, London , United Kingdom
| | - M Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Blackshaw Road, London , United Kingdom
| | - N Fox
- Department of Dermatology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - G Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD , UK
| | - S Krishna
- Department of Dermatology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - K Gordon
- Department of Dermatology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - D Macallan
- Clinical Infection Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Blackshaw Road, London , United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St Georges University London , Cranmer Terrace, London , United Kingdom
| | - T Bicanic
- Clinical Infection Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Blackshaw Road, London , United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, St Georges University London , Cranmer Terrace, London , United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD , UK
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Jeancolas C, Singh A, Jain S, Krishna S, Nghe P. An interdisciplinary effort to understand chemical organizations at the origin of life. iScience 2022; 26:105834. [PMID: 36619971 PMCID: PMC9813777 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This backstory features the perspectives of three group leaders of a Franco-Indian collaboration on the origin of life, involving efforts to engineer evolvable chemical systems. The researchers explain how they overcame the difficulties to bring empiricist and theorist cultures together and the importance of such synergy for the future of origin of life research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Jeancolas
- Laboratoire Biophysique et Évolution, UMR Chimie Biologie Innovation 8231, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France,Department of Philosophy, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - A.Y. Singh
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - S. Jain
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India,Corresponding author
| | - S. Krishna
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India,Corresponding author
| | - P. Nghe
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India,Corresponding author
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Madon S, Krishna S. Theorizing Community Health Governance for Strengthening Primary Healthcare in LMICs. Health Policy Plan 2022; 37:706-716. [PMID: 35077543 PMCID: PMC9189612 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, community health governance structures have been established in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) as part of decentralization policies aimed at strengthening primary healthcare systems. So far, most studies on these local structures either focus on measuring their impact on health outcome or on identifying the factors that affect their performance. In this paper we offer an alternative contribution that draws on a sociological interpretation of community health governance to improve understanding of how the government’s policy vision and instrumentation translate to interactions that take place within local spaces at field level. We study 13 Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNCs) in Karnataka, India, from 2016 to 2018 focusing on sanitation, nutrition and hygiene which remain impediments to improving primary healthcare amongst poor and marginalized communities. Three local governance mechanisms of horizontal coordination, demand for accountability and self-help help to explain improvements that have taken place at village level and contribute to the creation of a new theory of community health governance as evolving phenomenon that requires a constant process of learning from the field to strengthen policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Madon
- *Corresponding author. Department of International Development/Department of Management, London School of Economics & Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK. E-mail:
| | - S Krishna
- Foundation for Research in Health Systems and Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India
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Sayyed JV, Divya KP, Cherian A, Paramasivan NK, Krishna S. Isolated cortical lingual palsy: a slip of the tongue. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1831-1833. [PMID: 32948996 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar Vali Sayyed
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - K P Divya
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Ajith Cherian
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, 695011, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar Paramasivan
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - S Krishna
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, 695011, India
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Padma MR, Dinesh P, Sundaresan R, Athreya S, Shiju S, Maroor PS, Hande RL, Akhtar J, Chandra T, Ravi D, Lobo E, Ana Y, Shriyan P, Desai A, Rangaiah A, Munivenkatappa A, Krishna S, Basawarajappa SG, Sreedhara HG, Siddesh KC, Amrutha Kumari B, Umar N, Mythri BA, Mythri KM, Sudarshan MK, Vasanthapuram R, Babu GR. Second round statewide sentinel-based population survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India, during January-February 2021. IJID Reg 2021; 1:107-116. [PMID: 35721769 PMCID: PMC8620812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Demonstrate the feasibility of using the existing sentinel surveillance infrastructure to conduct the second round of the serial cross-sectional sentinel-based population survey. Assess active infection, seroprevalence, and their evolution in the general population across Karnataka. Identify local variations for locally appropriate actions. Additionally, assess the clinical sensitivity of the testing kit used on account of variability of antibody levels in the population. Methods The cross-sectional study of 41,228 participants across 290 healthcare facilities in all 30 districts of Karnataka was done among three groups of participants (low, moderate, and high-risk). The geographical spread was sufficient to capture local variations. Consenting participants were subjected to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, and antibody (IgG) testing. Clinical sensitivity was assessed by conducting a longitudinal study among participants identified as COVID-19 positive in the first survey round. Results Overall weighted adjusted seroprevalence of IgG was 15.6% (95% CI: 14.9-16.3), crude IgG prevalence was 15.0% and crude active infection was 0.5%. Statewide infection fatality rate (IFR) was estimated as 0.11%, and COVID-19 burden estimated between 26.1 to 37.7% (at 90% confidence). Further, Cases-to-infections ratio (CIR) varied 3-35 across units and IFR varied 0.04-0.50% across units. Clinical sensitivity of the IgG ELISA test kit was estimated as ≥38.9%. Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility and simplicity of sentinel-based population survey in measuring variations in subnational and local data, useful for locally appropriate actions in different locations. The sentinel-based population survey thus helped identify districts that needed better testing, reporting, and clinical management. The state was far from attaining natural immunity during the survey and hence must step up vaccination coverage and enforce public health measures to prevent the spread of COVD-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajagopal Padma
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Prameela Dinesh
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Rajesh Sundaresan
- Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Rd, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012
| | - Siva Athreya
- Indian Statistical Institute – Bengaluru Centre, 8th Mile, Mysore Rd, RVCE Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560059
| | - Shilpa Shiju
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Parimala S Maroor
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services, Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - R Lalitha Hande
- UNICEF, Karnataka, Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services, Government of Karnataka, Vikasa Soudha, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560008
| | - Trilok Chandra
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services, Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Deepa Ravi
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, Magadi Rd 1st cross, next to leprosy hospital, SIHFW premises, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Eunice Lobo
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, Magadi Rd 1st cross, next to leprosy hospital, SIHFW premises, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Yamuna Ana
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, Magadi Rd 1st cross, next to leprosy hospital, SIHFW premises, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Prafulla Shriyan
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, Magadi Rd 1st cross, next to leprosy hospital, SIHFW premises, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Anita Desai
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029
| | - Ambica Rangaiah
- VRDL, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Fort, K.R. Road, Bengaluru, 560002
| | - Ashok Munivenkatappa
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Bengaluru Unit, Someshwaranagar, 1st Main, Dharmaram College Post, Bengaluru 560029
| | - S Krishna
- Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari Karnataka 583104
| | | | - HG Sreedhara
- VRDL Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Chamarajendra Hospital Campus, Krishnaraja Pura, Hassan, Karnataka 573201
| | - KC Siddesh
- VRDL, Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Sagar Road, Shimoga, Karnataka, 577201
| | - B Amrutha Kumari
- VRDL Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Irwin Road, Mysuru Karnataka, 570001
| | - Nawaz Umar
- Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Veeresh Nagar, Sedam Road Kalaburagi, Karnataka, 585105
| | - BA Mythri
- Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, PB Rd, Vidya Nagar, Hubli, Karnataka, 580022
| | - KM Mythri
- Institute of Nephro Urology, Victoria Hospital Campus, Bengaluru, 560002
| | - Mysore Kalappa Sudarshan
- Chairman, Technical Advisory Committee on COVID-19, Department of Health and Family Welfare Services Aarogya Soudha, 1st cross, Magadi road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560023
| | - Ravi Vasanthapuram
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029
| | - Giridhara R Babu
- Indian Institute of Public Health – Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India, Magadi Rd 1st cross, next to leprosy hospital, SIHFW premises, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560023
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Biddle K, Koushesh S, Blundell A, Clark D, Krishna S, Sofat N. POS1195 ASSESSING ANTIBODY STATUS FOR SARS-CoV-2 IN PEOPLE WITH CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: A TIME COURSE STUDY IN PEOPLE WITH AUTOIMMUNE CONDITIONS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:With the emergence of the global coronavirus pandemic, increasing concerns have been raised about the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with immune-mediated disorders.Objectives:In this study we aimed to assess the time course of proven SARS-CoV-2 infection, development of humoral immunity with detectable antibodies to the virus and evaluate any changes in antibody titres over time.Methods:We recruited 114 participants in total who had potential symptoms of Covid-19 infection. Participants were recruited from rheumatology or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinics from their records who attended a London Teaching hospital for care. Ethical Approval was in place for the study. Age- and gender- matched control participants without any underlying rheumatological condition/IBD were recruited as a comparator group. Clinical symptoms for Covid-19 infection were assessed using the Covid-19 Rheumatology Global Alliance assessment criteria (https://rheum-covid.org/). Information about Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (DMARD) drug use was also recorded. Participants’ serum samples were collected for quantitative serological assessment of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 using the Mologic Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) IgG kit. The optical density values were plotted aganist time using a normalisation as previously described (1). A cut-off above 0 indicated positive serology.Results:A total of 114 subjects were recruited into the study. Subjects were recruited if they had suspected Covid symptoms. Of the population recruited, the total number subsequently testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 was n=59 (either on serology or PCR). The number of subjects with autoimmune conditions diagnosed with Covid-19 was 32, with 30 subjects being symptomatic (the asymptomatic 2 subjects were excluded from further analyses). Of the 30 symptomatic subjects, the average age was 56, with a female to male ratio of 19:11. The most prevalent diagnoses were RA (30%), Psoriatic Arthritis (16.7%), SLE (10%), sarcoidosis 10%), Ulcerative Colitis (10%), Crohn’s disease (10%), seronegative inflammatory arthritis (6.7%), Sjogren’s (3.3%) and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (3.3%). The majority were on csDMARDs (60%), biologic DMARDs (20%), tacrolimus (3.3%) and the remaining 16.7% were not on DMARDs. Most subjects required treatment in hospital (56.7%), a smaller number required high dependency care (6.7%) and the rest were treated at home (36.6%). The majority required no oxygen (63.3%), with a further 30% requiring oxygen and 6.7% needed more supportive care i.e. CPAP/ventilation. We also had a matched control group (n=29) of subjects who developed SARS-CoV-2 but had no underlying autoimmune conditions. These subjects had a mean age of 55, female: male ratio 18: 11. Of these 31% had home management, 55.2% had ward level treatments and 13.8% had intensive care treatment. Of the controls, 48.3% did not require oxygen, 37.9% needed simple oxygen and 13.8% were on CPAP. A total of 35 subjects from the original study have attended for follow-up visits. Antibody titres for IgG using the Mologic ELISA detection assay were compared at two visits for the control and autoimmune group. Results showed that subjects with autoimmune conditions and those without who developed SARS-CoV-2 showed very similar antibody titres by optical density (OD) (Figure 1) and maintained antibody responses beyond 6 months in most cases.Conclusion:Serological assays can assist in the understanding of disease severity of SAR-CoV-2 infection. They can be a useful tool for patient surveillance, especially in people who are on immunomodulatory drugs and are being seen in Rheumatology services. Future work is needed to assess the duration and potential protective nature of humoral antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.References:[1]Staines HM, Kirwan D, Clark DJ et al. Dynamics of IgG seroconversion and pathophysiology of COVID:19 infections. medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.07.20124636.Disclosure of Interests:Kathryn Biddle: None declared, Soraya Koushesh: None declared, Anna Blundell: None declared, David Clark: None declared, Sanjeev Krishna: None declared, Nidhi Sofat Consultant of: Advisory work for Pfizer and Eli Lilly, Grant/research support from: Received grants from Bristol Myers Squibb and Pfizer for Investigator Initiated Studies.
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Lee SC, Krishna S, Jiang YB, Brueck SRJ. Plasmonic-coupled quantum dot photodetectors for mid-infrared photonics. Opt Express 2021; 29:7145-7157. [PMID: 33726221 DOI: 10.1364/oe.418686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic-coupled, InAs-based quantum dot photodetector fabricated for mid-wave infrared photonics is reported. The detector is designed to provide a broadband absorption [full width at half maximum (FWHM) ≳ 2 µm] peaked at ∼5.5 µm, corresponding to transitions from the ground state of the quantum dot to the quasi-continuum resonance state above the quantum well. From the coupling of this transition to the surface plasma wave (SPW) excited by an Au film atop the detector, fabricated with a 1.5 µm-period, 2-dimensional array of square holes, a narrowband SPW enhancement peaked at 4.8 µm with an FWHM less than 0.5 µm is achieved. At ∼90 K, a peak responsivity enhanced ∼5× by the plasmonic coupling is observed. Simulation reveals that this enhancement corresponds to collecting ∼6% of the incident light; ∼40% of the total absorption by the SPW excitation at the peak wavelength.
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Anton-Vazquez V, Suarez C, Krishna S, Planche T. Factors influencing antimicrobial prescription attitudes in bloodstream infections: susceptibility results and beyond. An exploratory survey. J Hosp Infect 2021; 111:140-147. [PMID: 33581245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) methods promise quicker de-escalation of broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, other behavioural and situational factors influencing antimicrobial prescription are not well known. AIM To explore factors associated with optimal antimicrobial prescription in patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infection and to propose specific scenarios in which a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility result may help to optimize prescribing. METHODS Exploratory survey (April-August 2018) in the UK and Spain using clinical case-related questions. Seniority, specialty and country of practice were recorded. Cases described patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections, their empirical treatment and clinical course and the hypothetical RAST result. Respondents chose one of several options regarding antibiotic treatment management. Microbiologically optimal antibiotic choice (MOAC) was agreed by expert consensus beforehand. Responses were categorized as MOAC, request for support or sub-optimal choice. The relationship between the RAST result and the clinical course was defined as concordant (susceptible organism-clinical improvement; resistant organism-clinical deterioration) or as discordant otherwise. FINDINGS A total of 426 respondents (UK: 332; Spain: 94) and 1494 answers were analysed. Multivariate analysis identified that requests for support were 87% less likely in Spain; that antimicrobial resistance and clinical deterioration were associated with both increased request for support (odds ratio (OR) 7.66 and OR 4.26, respectively) and MOAC (OR 2.08 and OR 2.06, respectively). A discordant clinical course was associated with 82% lower odds for MOAC. Out-of-hours results, seniority and specialty did not have an effect. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial choice is influenced by each country's type of practice, clinical course and susceptibility results. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with increased optimal treatment, suggesting RAST may be less useful for step-down decisions in settings with low baseline resistance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anton-Vazquez
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK.
| | - C Suarez
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - S Krishna
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - T Planche
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK; Department of Medical Microbiology, Southwest London Pathology, St. George's Hospital, London, UK; Infection Care Group, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Lee S, Winslow M, Grein CH, Kodati SH, Jones AH, Fink DR, Das P, Hayat MM, Ronningen TJ, Campbell JC, Krishna S. Engineering of impact ionization characteristics in In 0.53Ga 0.47As/Al 0.48In 0.52As superlattice avalanche photodiodes on InP substrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16735. [PMID: 33028858 PMCID: PMC7542422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on engineering impact ionization characteristics of In0.53Ga0.47As/Al0.48In0.52As superlattice avalanche photodiodes (InGaAs/AlInAs SL APDs) on InP substrate to design and demonstrate an APD with low k-value. We design InGaAs/AlInAs SL APDs with three different SL periods (4 ML, 6 ML, and 8 ML) to achieve the same composition as Al0.4Ga0.07In0.53As quaternary random alloy (RA). The simulated results of an RA and the three SLs predict that the SLs have lower k-values than the RA because the electrons can readily reach their threshold energy for impact ionization while the holes experience the multiple valence minibands scattering. The shorter period of SL shows the lower k-value. To support the theoretical prediction, the designed 6 ML and 8 ML SLs are experimentally demonstrated. The 8 ML SL shows k-value of 0.22, which is lower than the k-value of the RA. The 6 ML SL exhibits even lower k-value than the 8 ML SL, indicating that the shorter period of the SL, the lower k-value as predicted. This work is a theoretical modeling and experimental demonstration of engineering avalanche characteristics in InGaAs/AlInAs SLs and would assist one to design the SLs with improved performance for various SWIR APD application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - M Winslow
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - C H Grein
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - S H Kodati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - A H Jones
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - D R Fink
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - P Das
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - M M Hayat
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - T J Ronningen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - J C Campbell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - S Krishna
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Lee SC, Kang JH, Park Q, Krishna S, Brueck SRJ. Quantum efficiency of plasmonic-coupled quantum dot infrared photodetectors for single- color detection: the upper limit of plasmonic enhancement. Opt Express 2020; 28:7618-7633. [PMID: 32225986 DOI: 10.1364/oe.386844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the quantum efficiency for a surface plasma wave (SPW)-coupled InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs dots-in-a-well (Dwell) quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) having a single-color response at ∼10 µm. A gold film perforated with a square array of complex, non-circular apertures is employed to manipulate the near-fields of the fundamental SPW. The quantum efficiency is quantitatively divided into absorption efficiency strongly enhanced by the SPW, and collection efficiency mostly independent of it. In the absorption efficiency, the evanescent near-fields of the fundamental SPW critically enhances QDIP performance but undergoes the attenuation by the absorption in the Dwell that ultimately limits the quantum efficiency. For the highest quantum efficiency available with plasmonic coupling, an optimal overlap between Dwell and SPW near-fields is required. Based on experiment and simulation, the upper limit of the plasmonic enhancement in quantum efficiency for the present device is addressed.
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Krishna S, Sathishkumar P, Pugazhenthiran N, Guesh K, Mangalaraja RV, Kumaran S, Gracia-Pinilla MA, Anandan S. Magnetically recyclable CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalysts for the efficient catalytic degradation of Acid Blue 113 under ambient conditions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16473-16480. [PMID: 35498872 PMCID: PMC9052941 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CoFe2O4/ZnO magnetic nanocatalysts were synthesized using a low-frequency ultrasound-assisted technique to enhance the optical, morphological, magnetic and catalytic properties of ZnO. The as-synthesized nanocatalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman, TEM, DR-UV-Vis and VSM analyses in order to confirm the expected modifications of the resulting nanocatalysts. The Raman spectral analysis revealed substitutional Zn2+ in the CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalyst. The as-synthesized material was tested for its catalytic activity in the degradation of Acid Blue (AB113), a known textile pollutant. The CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalysts revealed the efficient catalytic degradation of AB113 in ambient conditions. The nanocatalyst dosage and the initial concentration of AB113 were varied by fixing one parameter as constant in order to determine the maximum catalytic efficiency with the minimum catalyst loading for AB113 degradation. The CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalyst demonstrated 10-fold enhanced mineralization of AB113 compared to the individual bare nanocatalysts, which could be achieved within 3 hours of catalytic degradation of AB113. The magnetic CoFe2O4/ZnO nanocatalyst was found to be stable for six consecutive recycles of AB113 degradation, which indicates that the catalytic efficiency of the nanocatalyst was retained after various numbers of cycles. CoFe2O4/ZnO magnetic nanocatalysts were synthesized using a low-frequency ultrasound-assisted technique to enhance the optical, morphological, magnetic and catalytic properties of ZnO.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Krishna
- Department of Chemistry
- Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology
- Thanjavur 613403
- India
| | | | - N. Pugazhenthiran
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Limpias
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
- Concepción
- Chile
| | - Kiros Guesh
- Department of Chemistry
- Aksum University
- Axum 1010
- Ethiopia
| | - R. V. Mangalaraja
- Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Concepcion
- Concepcion 4070409
| | - S. Kumaran
- Department of Biotechnology
- Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology
- Thanjavur 613 403
- India
| | - M. A. Gracia-Pinilla
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matematicas
- Av. Universidad
- Cd. Universitaria
- San Nicolas de los Garza
| | - S. Anandan
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Trichy 620015
- India
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Nicholls E, Krishna S, Wright O, Stabler D, Krefft A, Somanathan H, Hempel de Ibarra N. A matter of taste: the adverse effect of pollen compounds on the pre-ingestive gustatory experience of sugar solutions for honeybees. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:333-346. [PMID: 31165282 PMCID: PMC6579781 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In addition to sugars, nectar contains multiple nutrient compounds in varying concentrations, yet little is known of their effect on the reward properties of nectar and the resulting implications for insect behaviour. We examined the pre-ingestive responses of honeybees to sucrose solutions containing a mix of pollen compounds, the amino acids proline or phenylalanine, or known distasteful substances, quinine and salt. We predicted that in taste and learning assays, bees would respond positively to the presence of nutrient compounds in a sucrose solution. However, bees’ proboscis extension responses decreased when their antennae were stimulated with pollen- or amino acid-supplemented sucrose solutions. Compared to pure sucrose, bees exhibited worse acquisition when conditioned to an odour with pollen-supplemented sucrose as the unconditioned stimulus. Such learning impairment was also observed with quinine-containing sucrose solutions. Our results suggest that bees can use their antennae to detect pollen compounds in floral nectars. Depending on the type and concentrations of compounds present, this may result in nectar being perceived as distasteful by bees, making it less effective in reinforcing the learning of floral cues. Such reward devaluation might be adaptive in cases where plants benefit from regulating the frequency of bee visitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nicholls
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - S Krishna
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Research in Ecology and Evolution, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - O Wright
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - D Stabler
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - A Krefft
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - H Somanathan
- Centre for Research in Ecology and Evolution, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - N Hempel de Ibarra
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Narayanasamy S, Krishna S, Prasad Shanbhogue AK, Flood TA, Sadoughi N, Sathiadoss P, Schieda N. Contemporary update on imaging of cystic renal masses with histopathological correlation and emphasis on patient management. Clin Radiol 2018; 74:83-94. [PMID: 30314810 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an updated review of cystic renal mass imaging. Most cystic renal masses encountered incidentally are benign and can be diagnosed confidently on imaging and require no follow-up. Hyperattenuating masses discovered at unenhanced or single-phase enhanced computed tomography (CT) measuring between 20-70 HU are indeterminate and can be further investigated first by using ultrasound and, then with multi-phase CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); as the majority represent haemorrhagic/proteinaceous cysts (HPCs). Dual-energy CT may improve differentiation between HPCs and masses by suppressing unwanted pseudo-enhancement observed with conventional CT. HPCs can be diagnosed confidently when measuring >70 HU at unenhanced CT or showing markedly increased signal on T1-weighted imaging. Although the Bosniak criteria remains the reference standard for diagnosis and classification of cystic renal masses, histopathological classification and current management has evolved: multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been reclassified as a cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential, few Bosniak 2F cystic masses progress radiologically during follow-up; RCC with predominantly cystic components are less aggressive than solid RCC; and Bosniak III cystic masses behave non-aggressively. These advances have led to an increase in non-radical management or surveillance of cystic renal masses including Bosniak 3 lesions. Tubulocystic RCC is a newly described entity with distinct imaging characteristics, resembling a pancreatic serous microcystadenoma. Other benign cystic masses including: mixed epithelial stromal tumours (MEST) are now considered in the spectrum of cystic nephroma and angiomyolipoma (AML) with epithelial cysts (AMLEC) resemble a fat-poor AML with cystic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Narayanasamy
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - S Krishna
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - A K Prasad Shanbhogue
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - T A Flood
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - N Sadoughi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - P Sathiadoss
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - N Schieda
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
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Rodrigues C, Pattabiraman C, Narayana S, Kumar R, Notani D, Varga-Weisz P, Krishna S. PO-170 A Suv39H1-low chromatin state drives migratory cell populations in cervical cancers. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Boren SA, Maglaveras N, Krishna S, Balas EA. Patient Acceptance of Educational Voice Messages: A Review of Controlled Clinical Studies. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1634453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate controlled evidence on the impact of automated computer-based telephone messaging technology upon health outcomes, cost savings and acceptance by patients, caregivers and care providers.
Methods: Systematic searches of electronic databases were conducted to find controlled clinical studies of automated phone messaging used in patient care. Studies were selected based on the three criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials or controlled trials; 2) patients receiving health care related education, information, advice or reminder for a specific action to be taken in their home setting; and 3) use of automated computer-based phone technology to deliver the messages. Information abstracted from studies included information about the institution, persons targeted, intervention and its effect on health outcomes, costs and acceptance by patients and caregivers.
Results: A total of nineteen studies were identified for review. Sixteen studies were randomized controlled trials and three were controlled studies with no randomization. Studies were placed in two categories, preventive care education and chronic care studies. Preventive care education studies covered childhood immunizations, medication compliance, influenza vaccinations, tuberculosis and health prevention activities and chronic care studies were related to cholesterol, diabetes, hyper-tension and congestive heart failure. More than 80% of studies showed significant impact upon measurable health outcomes.
Conclusions: Controlled evidence substantiates the efficacy of automated telephone communication in improving the quality of care. Educational voice messages are acceptable to patients and represent an important opportunity to enhance telemedicine and telehealth applications.
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Krishna S, Deepak K, Gopi A, Neethi S, Keshav R. Study on long-term clinical outcomes following long segment stenting in obstructive coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Krishna S, Murray CA, McInnes MD, Chatelain R, Siddaiah M, Al-Dandan O, Narayanasamy S, Schieda N. CT imaging of solid renal masses: pitfalls and solutions. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:708-721. [PMID: 28592361 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) remains the first-line imaging test for the characterisation of renal masses; however, CT has inherent limitations, which if unrecognised, may result in errors. The purpose of this manuscript is to present 10 pitfalls in the CT evaluation of solid renal masses. Thin section non-contrast enhanced CT (NECT) is required to confirm the presence of macroscopic fat and diagnosis of angiomyolipoma (AML). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can mimic renal cysts at NECT when measuring <20 HU, but are usually heterogeneous with irregular margins. Haemorrhagic cysts (HC) may simulate solid lesions at NECT; however, a homogeneous lesion measuring >70 HU is essentially diagnostic of HC. Homogeneous lesions measuring 20-70 HU at NECT or >20 HU at contrast-enhanced (CE) CT, are indeterminate, requiring further evaluation. Dual-energy CT (DECT) can accurately characterise these lesions at baseline through virtual NECT, iodine overlay images, or quantitative iodine concentration analysis without recalling the patient. A minority of hypo-enhancing renal masses (most commonly papillary RCC) show indeterminate or absent enhancement at multiphase CT. Follow-up, CE ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required to further characterise these lesions. Small (<3 cm) endophytic cysts commonly show pseudo-enhancement, which may simulate RCC; this can be overcome with DECT or MRI. In small (<4 cm) solid renal masses, 20% of lesions are benign, chiefly AML without visible fat or oncocytoma. Low-dose techniques may simulate lesion heterogeneity due to increased image noise, which can be ameliorated through the appropriate use of iterative reconstruction algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C A Murray
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M D McInnes
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R Chatelain
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Siddaiah
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - O Al-Dandan
- Department of Radiology, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Narayanasamy
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - N Schieda
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Gil JP, Krishna S. pfmdr1 (Plasmodium falciparum multidrug drug resistance gene 1): a pivotal factor in malaria resistance to artemisinin combination therapies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15:527-543. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1313703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Pedro Gil
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Krishna
- St George’s University Hospital, Institute for Infection and Immunity, London, United Kingdom
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Chen M, Pockaj B, Andreozzi M, Barrett MT, Ocal IT, McCullough AE, Krishna S, Anderson KS. Abstract P2-04-18: JAK2 and PD-L1 amplification enhance the dynamic expression of PD-L1 in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p2-04-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease. Amplification of chromosome 9p24.1 encoding JAK2 and PD-L1 has been reported in up to 25% of TNBC and is associated with poor clinical outcome. In lymphoma, JAK2 is a transcriptional activator of both PD-1 ligands, and chromosome 9p copy number gain has been associated with therapeutic activity of nivolumab. We evaluated the interaction of JAK2 and PD-L1 expression in TNBC.
Methods: 9p24.1 amplification in 4 TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, HCC1937, and HCC70) was measured using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Amplification was defined as aCGH log2ratio>2.0. Cell surface expression of PD-L1 was detected by flow cytometry and compared with the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of isotype control Ig. To selectively inhibit JAK2, lentiviral vectors encoding two different shRNA were generated. JAK2, pSTAT1 and pSTAT3 expression were measured by immunoblot. The effects of the anti-JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) induction of PD-L1 was measured.
Results: 9p24.1 copy number loss was measured in MDA-MB-231 (log2ratio =-1), neutral in HCC1937 ((log2ratio =0), gained in MDA-MB-436 ((log2ratio =+1) and amplified in HCC70 ((log2ratio =+2). No correlation was observed between PD-L1 expression and the 9p24.1 amplification, with the MFI ratio range from 5 to 16.5, mean 8.3 by flow cytometry. TNBC cell lines had higher baseline expression of PD-L1 compared to the ER+ cell lines T47D and MCF-7 (ratio, 0 p=0.1). Low dose IFN-γ (1.0-10.0 ng/ml) rapidly induced expression of PD-L1 in MDA-MB-231 (1.5 fold increase) and HCC70 (3.3 fold increase) with significant activation of the JAK2/STAT1 pathway. The induction of pSTAT1 and PD-L1 expression by IFN-γ was blocked with low dose (1mM) JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. Knockdown of JAK2 with shRNA (>80%) did not impact PD-L1 baseline expression in MDA-MB-231 and HCC70 but abrogated IFN-γ –mediated induction of PD-L1 and the phosphorylation of STAT1.
Conclusion: These data suggest that TNBC cell lines have baseline PD-L1 expression, but the cells with 9p24.1 amplification are highly sensitive to PD-L1 induction with IFN-γ which can be abrogated with inhibition with a JAK1/2 inhibitor or shRNA. Synergistic inhibition of PD1/PD-L1 and JAK2 may have therapeutic efficacy in the subset of TNBC with 9p24.1 amplification, and the dynamic effects of tumor PD-L1 expression in response to local inflammation should be considered in the evaluation of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade.
Citation Format: Chen M, Pockaj B, Andreozzi M, Barrett MT, Ocal IT, McCullough AE, Krishna S, Anderson KS. JAK2 and PD-L1 amplification enhance the dynamic expression of PD-L1 in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-04-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - B Pockaj
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - M Andreozzi
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - MT Barrett
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - IT Ocal
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - AE McCullough
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - S Krishna
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - KS Anderson
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
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Singh P, Saha T, Mishra P, Parai MK, Ireddy S, Lavanya Kumar M S, Krishna S, Kumar SK, Chaturvedi V, Sinha S, Siddiqi MI, Panda G. Additional synthesis on thiophene-containing trisubstituted methanes (TRSMs) as inhibitors of M. tuberculosis and 3D-QSAR studies. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2016; 27:911-937. [PMID: 27885861 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1243575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We earlier reported thiophene-containing trisubstituted methanes (TRSMs) as novel cores carrying anti-tubercular activity, and identified S006-830 as the phenotypic lead with potent bactericidal activity against single- and multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). In this work, we carried out additional synthesis of several TRSMs. The reaction scheme essentially followed the Grignard reaction and Friedel-Crafts alkylation, followed by insertion of a dialkylaminoethyl chain. We also performed microbiological evaluations including in vitro screening against the virulent strain M. tb H37Rv, cytotoxicity assessment in the Vero C-1008 cell line, and 3D-QSAR studies with comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA). CoMFA and CoMSIA models yielded good statistical results in terms of q2 and r2 values, suggesting the validity of the models. It was concluded that a para-substituted benzene ring with bulkier electron-donating groups and aminoalkyl chains are required for higher inhibitory capacity against M. tuberculosis. We believe that these insights will rationally guide the design of newer, optimal, TRSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Singh
- a Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , Montpellier , France
- b Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - T Saha
- b Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - P Mishra
- b Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - M K Parai
- b Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - S Ireddy
- b Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - S Lavanya Kumar M
- b Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - S Krishna
- c Molecular and Structural Biology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - S K Kumar
- d Biochemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - V Chaturvedi
- d Biochemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - S Sinha
- d Biochemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - M I Siddiqi
- c Molecular and Structural Biology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - G Panda
- b Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
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Lee SC, Kang JH, Park QH, Krishna S, Brueck SRJ. Oscillatory penetration of near-fields in plasmonic excitation at metal-dielectric interfaces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24400. [PMID: 27090841 PMCID: PMC4835736 DOI: 10.1038/srep24400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The electric field immediately below an illuminated metal-film that is perforated with a hole array on a dielectric consists of direct transmission and scattering of the incident light through the holes and evanescent near-field from plasmonic excitations. Depending on the size and shape of the hole apertures, it exhibits an oscillatory decay in the propagation direction. This unusual field penetration is explained by the interference between these contributions, and is experimentally confirmed through an aperture which is engineered with four arms stretched out from a simple circle to manipulate a specific plasmonic excitation available in the metal film. A numerical simulation quantitatively supports the experiment. This fundamental characteristic will impact plasmonics with the near-fields designed by aperture engineering for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lee
- Center for High Technology Materials and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - J H Kang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Q-H Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - S Krishna
- Center for High Technology Materials and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - S R J Brueck
- Center for High Technology Materials and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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Krishna S, Keralapurath MM, Lin Z, Wagner JJ, de La Serre CB, Harn DA, Filipov NM. Neurochemical and electrophysiological deficits in the ventral hippocampus and selective behavioral alterations caused by high-fat diet in female C57BL/6 mice. Neuroscience 2015; 297:170-81. [PMID: 25849614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mounting experimental evidence, predominantly from male rodents, demonstrates that high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and ensuing obesity are detrimental to the brain. To shed additional light on the neurological consequences of HFD consumption in female rodents and to determine the relatively early impact of HFD in the likely continuum of neurological dysfunction in the context of chronic HFD intake, this study investigated effects of HFD feeding for up to 12weeks on selected behavioral, neurochemical, and electrophysiological parameters in adult female C57BL/6 mice; particular focus was placed on the ventral hippocampus (vHIP). Selected locomotor, emotional and cognitive functions were evaluated using behavioral tests after 5weeks on HFD or control (low-fat diet) diets. One week later, mice were sacrificed and brain regional neurochemical (monoamine) analysis was performed. Behaviorally naïve mice were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 5-6weeks at which time synaptic plasticity was determined in ex vivo slices from the vHIP. HFD-fed female mice exhibited increased: (i) locomotor activity in the open field testing, (ii) mean turn time on the pole test, (iii) swimming time in the forced swim test, and (iv) number of marbles buried in the marble burying test. In contrast, the novel object recognition memory was unaffected. Mice on HFD also had decreased norepinephrine and dopamine turnover, respectively, in the prefrontal cortex and the vHIP. HFD consumption for a total of 11-12weeks altered vHIP synaptic plasticity, evidenced by significant reductions in the paired-pulse ratio and long-term potentiation (LTP) magnitude. In summary, in female mice, HFD intake for several weeks induced multiple behavioral alterations of mainly anxiety-like nature and impaired monoamine pathways in a brain region-specific manner, suggesting that in the female, certain behavioral domains (anxiety) and associated brain regions, i.e., the vHIP, are preferentially targeted by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - M M Keralapurath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Z Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - J J Wagner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - C B de La Serre
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - D A Harn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - N M Filipov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Prager B, Bernardo J, Krishna S. A pilot project for CPR instruction in urban Peru. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zaloumis SG, Tarning J, Krishna S, Price RN, White NJ, Davis TME, McCaw JM, Olliaro P, Maude RJ, Kremsner P, Dondorp A, Gomes M, Barnes K, Simpson JA. Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous artesunate: a pooled analysis of individual data from patients with severe malaria. CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology 2014; 3:e145. [PMID: 25372510 PMCID: PMC4259998 DOI: 10.1038/psp.2014.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There are ~660,000 deaths from severe malaria each year. Intravenous artesunate (i.v. ARS) is the first-line treatment in adults and children. To optimize the dosing regimen of i.v. ARS, the largest pooled population pharmacokinetic study to date of the active metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was performed. The pooled dataset consisted of 71 adults and 195 children with severe malaria, with a mixture of sparse and rich sampling within the first 12 h after drug administration. A one-compartment model described the population pharmacokinetics of DHA adequately. Body weight had the greatest impact on DHA pharmacokinetics, resulting in lower DHA exposure for smaller children (6–10 kg) than adults. Post hoc estimates of DHA exposure were not significantly associated with parasitological outcomes. Comparable DHA exposure in smaller children and adults after i.v. ARS was achieved under a dose modification for intramuscular ARS proposed in a separate analysis of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Zaloumis
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Tarning
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Krishna
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - R N Price
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N J White
- 1] Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand [2] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T M E Davis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - J M McCaw
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Olliaro
- 1] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [2] World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland
| | - R J Maude
- 1] Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand [2] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Kremsner
- 1] Medical Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon [2] Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Dondorp
- 1] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [2] Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Gomes
- World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Barnes
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Søderberg AM, Krishna S, Bjørn P. Global Software Development: Commitment, Trust and Cultural Sensitivity in Strategic Partnerships. Journal of International Management 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mukhopadhyay C, Krishna S, KE V, Saravu K, Balasubramaniam R. Tuberculosis or Melioidosis? - Look Twice in Southwestern Coastal India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis is known endemic in many Southeast Asian countries, especially Thailand, and in Northern Australia. The disease was long considered under-recognized in India but has now gained the status of emerging infectious disease here. Increasing isolation of the causitive agent B. pseudomallei is encountered in the recent years from this part of western coastal India. We report one such case of pulmonary melioidosis in an elderly patient misdiagnosed as tuberculosis ending fatally. Prompt microbiological diagnosis prevents the unnecessary Anti-TB treatment or prophylaxis. This was also our first of isolation of B. pseudomallei from endotracheal aspirate. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 15-18 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7973
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Kremsner PG, Taylor T, Issifou S, Kombila M, Chimalizeni Y, Kawaza K, Bouyou Akotet MK, Duscha M, Mordmuller B, Kosters K, Humberg A, Scott Miller R, Weina P, Duparc S, Mohrle J, Kun JFJ, Planche T, Teja-Isavadharm P, Simpson JA, Kohler C, Krishna S. A Simplified Intravenous Artesunate Regimen for Severe Malaria-Reply. J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Garone C, Calvo S, Emmanuele V, Akman OH, Kaplan P, Krishna S, Mootha V, DiMauro S, Hirano M. MitoExome Sequencing Reveals a Mutation in the Mitochondrial MRPL51 Gene Causing Infantile Encephalopathy (P05.139). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sonth SB, Satyhanarayana MS, Mariraj J, Krishna S. Sero-prevalence of anti-HCV in HIV infected patients. J Commun Dis 2011; 43:151-154. [PMID: 23785874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to influence the natural history of infections with certain hepatitis viruses and interactions between HIV and hepatitis viruses may potentiate HIV replication. There is high degree of epidemiological similarity between hepatitis B virus and HIV as regard to high-risk group and route of transmission. Limited information is available about the prevalence of hepatitis C virus in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in relation to specific risk factors or about the influence of hepatitis C virus coinfection on survival. Present study deals with the study of concurrent infection of HCV with HIV infection. In the study of 110 HIV seropositive patients, 6 (5.45%) were positive for HCV. The difference was highly significant compared to controls (p value < 0.0001). The studies of association of HCV in HIV cases are rare in India. Therefore the present study was undertaken to look at the prevalence of HCV in different groups and different stages of HIV infected patients.
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Abstract
We present the first two fulminant cases of pulmonary melioidosis in febrile neutropenic patients with acute and varied presentations seen in our institution and their fatal outcome. A high index of suspicion coupled with microbiological confirmation can facilitate the administration of the appropriate therapy in cases of melioidosis that differ from other bacterial infections in terms of presentation and the response to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal 576104, India.
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Khoshakhlagh A, Myers S, Plis E, Kutty MN, Klein B, Gautam N, Kim H, Smith EPG, Rhiger D, Johnson SM, Krishna S. Mid-wavelength InAsSb detectors based on nBn design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1117/12.850428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Mukhopadhyay C, Krishna S, Shenoy A, Prakashini K. Clinical, radiological and microbiological corroboration to assess the role of endotracheal aspirate in diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital, India. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Krishna V, Krishna S. Need for Education About Sesame Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Doerig C, Baker D, Billker O, Blackman MJ, Chitnis C, Dhar Kumar S, Heussler V, Holder AA, Kocken C, Krishna S, Langsley G, Lasonder E, Menard R, Meissner M, Pradel G, Ranford-Cartwright L, Sharma A, Sharma P, Tardieux T, Tatu U, Alano P. Signalling in malaria parasites. The MALSIG consortium. Parasite 2010; 16:169-82. [PMID: 19839262 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2009163169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on their developmental stage in the life cycle, malaria parasites develop within or outside host cells, and in extremely diverse contexts such as the vertebrate liver and blood circulation, or the insect midgut and hemocoel. Cellular and molecular mechanisms enabling the parasite to sense and respond to the intra- and the extra-cellular environments are therefore key elements for the proliferation and transmission of Plasmodium, and therefore are, from a public health perspective, strategic targets in the fight against this deadly disease. The MALSIG consortium, which was initiated in February 2009, was designed with the primary objective to integrate research ongoing in Europe and India on i) the properties of Plasmodium signalling molecules, and ii) developmental processes occurring at various points of the parasite life cycle. On one hand, functional studies of individual genes and their products in Plasmodium falciparum (and in the technically more manageable rodent model Plasmodium berghei) are providing information on parasite protein kinases and phosphatases, and of the molecules governing cyclic nucleotide metabolism and calcium signalling. On the other hand, cellular and molecular studies are elucidating key steps of parasite development such as merozoite invasion and egress in blood and liver parasite stages, control of DNA replication in asexual and sexual development, membrane dynamics and trafficking, production of gametocytes in the vertebrate host and further parasite development in the mosquito. This article, which synthetically reviews such signalling molecules and cellular processes, aims to provide a glimpse of the global frame in which the activities of the MALSIG consortium will develop over the next three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Doerig
- Inserm U609-Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, UK.
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Krishna S, Alam F, Jaganathan G. P02-101 - Effect of acute care model in provision of general adult psychiatric services. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Up to a thirty-fold detectivity enhancement is achieved for an InAs quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) by the excitation of surface plasma waves (SPWs) using a metal photonic crystal (MPC) integrated on top of the detector absorption region. The MPC is a 100 nm-thick gold film perforated with a 3.6 microm period square array of circular holes. A bare QDIP shows a bias-tunable broadband response from approximately 6 to 10 microm associated with the quantum confined Stark (QCS) effect. On the other hand, an MPC-integrated QDIP exhibits a dominant peak at 11.3 microm with a approximately 1 microm full width at half maximum and the highly enhanced detectivity at the bias polarity optimized for long wavelength. This is very different from the photoresponse of the bare QDIP but fully consistent with the direct coupling of the QDs in the detector absorption region to the SPWs excited at the MPC/detector interface by incident photons. The SPW resonance wavelength, lambda, for the smallest coupling wavevector of the array in the MPC is close to 11.3 microm. The response also shows other SPW-coupled peaks: a significant peak at 8.1 microm (approximately lambda/radical2) and noticeable peaks at 5.8 microm (approximately lambda/2) and 5.4 microm (approximately lambda/ radical5) which correspond to higher-order coupling wavevectors. For the opposite bias, the MPC-integrated QDIP shows the highest response at 8.1 microm, providing a dramatic voltage tunability that is associated with QCS effect. SPWs propagate with TM (x, z) polarization along the MPC/detector interface. The enhanced detectivity is explained by these characteristics which increase both the effective absorption cross section with propagation and the interaction strength with TM polarization in the coupling to the QDs. Simulations show good qualitative agreement with the observed spectral behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lee
- Center for High Technology Materials and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
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Srivastava S, Ramdass B, Nagarajan S, Rehman M, Mukherjee G, Krishna S. Notch1 regulates the functional contribution of RhoC to cervical carcinoma progression. Br J Cancer 2009; 102:196-205. [PMID: 19953094 PMCID: PMC2813755 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Notch signalling in human epithelial cancers is of immense interest. In this study, we examine the interplay between Notch signalling and RhoC, a well-established molecular factor in metastasis. By linking the function of Notch and RhoC, we further strengthen the notion that there is a pro-oncogenic role of Notch signalling in human cervical cancers. METHODS RhoC protein expression in cervical carcinoma cell lines was assessed by western blotting. Using CaSki and SiHa cells (cervical carcinoma cells lines), we show that RhoC contributes to wound healing, invasion and migration, anoikis resistance, colony formation, in vitro tube formation and tumour formation. Immunohistochemical studies were carried out to assess the co-expression of RhoC, pAkt and Notch1 in clinical sections. RESULTS An assessment of the changes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) shows that both Notch1 and RhoC have similar phenotypic contribution to EMT. Rho activity assessment on Notch1 inhibition with DAPT shows decreased RhoC activity. We further show that constitutively active RhoC rescues the phenotypic effect of Notch1 inactivation, and a comparison of Notch1 with RhoC expression shows an overlap between the two proteins in the same areas of the tissue. CONCLUSION This study has provided evidence to suggest that RhoC is an effector of Notch1 in cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srivastava
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Avlund M, Dodd IB, Sneppen K, Krishna S. Minimal Gene Regulatory Circuits that Can Count like Bacteriophage Lambda. J Mol Biol 2009; 394:681-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Javed Q, Alam F, Krishna S. Reversible hyponatraemia with venlafaxine in a young patient. Case Reports 2009; 2009:bcr07.2009.2084. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.07.2009.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gomes M, Faiz M, Gyapong J, Warsame M, Agbenyega T, Babiker A, Baiden F, Yunus EB, Binka F, Clerk C, Folb P, Hassan R, Hossain A, Kimbute O, Kitua A, Krishna S, Makasi C, Mensah N, Mrango Z, Olliaro P, Peto R, Peto T, Rahman M, Ribeiro I, Samad R, White N. Treating severe malaria with pre-referral artesunate saves lives and prevents CNS damage. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Oscillations play an important physiological role in a variety of biological systems. For example, respiration and carbohydrate synthesis are coupled to the circadian clock in cyanobacteria (Ishiura et al 1998 Science 281 1519) and ultradian oscillations with time periods of a few hours have been observed in immune response (NF-kappaB, Hoffmann et al 2002 Science 298 1241, Neson et al 2004 Science 306 704), apoptosis (p53, Lahav et al 2004 Nat. Genet. 36 53), development (Hes, Hirata et al 2002 Science 298 840) and growth hormone secretion (Plotsky and Vale 1985 Science 230 461, Zeitler et al 1991 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 8920). Here we discuss how any bistable system can be 'frustrated' to produce oscillations of a desired nature--we use the term frustration, in analogy to frustrated spins in antiferromagnets, to refer to the addition of a negative feedback loop that destabilizes the bistable system. We show that the molecular implementation can use a wide variety of methods ranging from translation regulation, using small non-coding RNAs, to targeted protein modification to transcriptional regulation. We also introduce a simple graphical method for determining whether a particular implementation will produce oscillations. The shape of the resulting oscillations can be readily tuned to produce spiky and asymmetric oscillations--quite different from the shapes produced by synthetic oscillators (Elowitz and Leibler 2000 Nature 403 335, Fung et al 2005 Nature 435 118). The time period and amplitude can also be manipulated and these oscillators are easy to reset or switch on and off using a tunable external input. The mechanism of frustrated bistability could thus prove to be an easily implementable way to synthesize flexible, designable oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna
- Center for Models of Life, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gomes MF, Faiz MA, Gyapong JO, Warsame M, Agbenyega T, Babiker A, Baiden F, Yunus EB, Binka F, Clerk C, Folb P, Hassan R, Hossain MA, Kimbute O, Kitua A, Krishna S, Makasi C, Mensah N, Mrango Z, Olliaro P, Peto R, Peto TJ, Rahman MR, Ribeiro I, Samad R, White NJ. Pre-referral rectal artesunate to prevent death and disability in severe malaria: a placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 373:557-66. [PMID: 19059639 PMCID: PMC2646124 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most malaria deaths occur in rural areas. Rapid progression from illness to death can be interrupted by prompt, effective medication. Antimalarial treatment cannot rescue terminally ill patients but could be effective if given earlier. If patients who cannot be treated orally are several hours from facilities for injections, rectal artesunate can be given before referral and acts rapidly on parasites. We investigated whether this intervention reduced mortality and permanent disability. METHODS In Bangladesh, Ghana, and Tanzania, patients with suspected severe malaria who could not be treated orally were allocated randomly to a single artesunate (n=8954) or placebo (n=8872) suppository by taking the next numbered box, then referred to clinics at which injections could be given. Those with antimalarial injections or negative blood smears before randomisation were excluded, leaving 12 068 patients (6072 artesunate, 5996 placebo) for analysis. Primary endpoints were mortality, assessed 7-30 days later, and permanent disability, reassessed periodically. All investigators were masked to group assignment. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered in all three countries, numbers ISRCTN83979018, 46343627, and 76987662. RESULTS Mortality was 154 of 6072 artesunate versus 177 of 5996 placebo (2.5%vs 3.0%, p=0.1). Two versus 13 (0.03%vs 0.22%, p=0.0020) were permanently disabled; total dead or disabled: 156 versus 190 (2.6%vs 3.2%, p=0.0484). There was no reduction in early mortality (56 vs 51 deaths within 6 h; median 2 h). In patients reaching clinic within 6 h (median 3 h), pre-referral artesunate had no significant effect on death after 6 h or permanent disability (71/4450 [1.6%] vs 82/4426 [1.9%], risk ratio 0.86 [95% CI 0.63-1.18], p=0.35). In patients still not in clinic after more than 6 h, however, half were still not there after more than 15 h, and pre-referral rectal artesunate significantly reduced death or permanent disability (29/1566 [1.9%] vs 57/1519 [3.8%], risk ratio 0.49 [95% CI 0.32-0.77], p=0.0013). INTERPRETATION If patients with severe malaria cannot be treated orally and access to injections will take several hours, a single inexpensive artesunate suppository at the time of referral substantially reduces the risk of death or permanent disability. FUNDING UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO/TDR); WHO Global Malaria Programme (WHO/GMP); Sall Family Foundation; the European Union (QLRT-2000-01430); the UK Medical Research Council; USAID; Irish Aid; the Karolinska Institute; and the University of Oxford Clinical Trial Service Unit (CTSU).
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Gomes
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Mukhopadhyay C, Krishna S, Vandana K, Shenoy A, Bairy I. Ventilator-associated pneumonia with Col-S strains: a successful comeback of colistin! Braz J Infect Dis 2008; 12:444-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702008000500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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