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Harsha M, Praveen Kumar T, Varma M, Mukhopadhyay C. Dealing with the honey trap: a case of hepatic melioidosis. QJM 2023; 116:940-941. [PMID: 37462606 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Harsha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - T Praveen Kumar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M Varma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Garg R, Shaw T, V. K.E., Varma M, Mukhopadhyay C. Finding the source of bacterial sepsis and its impact on sepsis related outcome, the bundle that fumble. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pai P, Gupta A, Mohammed Z, Sivakumar M, Mathew S, Rao S, Varma M, E VK, Mukhopadhyay C. CR-GNB in surgical patients: What's the role of colistin? Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Garg R, Shaw T, Mukhopadhyay C, V. K.E.. Contamination of CSF culture: Serious risk to patient safety. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Patra S, Tellapragada C, Vandana KE, Mukhopadhyay C. Diagnostic utility of in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification and real-time PCR targeting virB gene for direct detection of Brucella melitensis from clinical specimens. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:230-236. [PMID: 30897267 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this present study, the utility of a newly developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time PCR assays designed to amplify the virB gene region of Brucella melitensis was evaluated from human clinical specimens. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-four culture-confirmed cases of brucellosis and 54 culture negative but clinically suspected cases of brucellosis were included in the study. Whole blood, serum and other nonblood specimens were collected and subjected to blood culture using automatic blood culture system, serological tests, LAMP assay and real-time PCR. Overall sensitivities of LAMP and real-time PCR assays were 67·5 and 68·3% respectively. For nonblood clinical specimens, we noticed a marked increase in the sensitivities of LAMP (88·9%) and real-time PCR (100%) assays. CONCLUSIONS Performance of LAMP and real-time PCR was not satisfactory for whole-blood specimens because of the low abundance of bacteria or DNA. On the other hand, using nonblood specimens, both the assays showed higher sensitivity and specificity which makes them a good alternative for the rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The developed LAMP and real-time PCR assays are a specific and rapid diagnostic tool for direct and early detection of Brucella in clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patra
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - C Tellapragada
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K E Vandana
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Singh SK, Sengupta S, Antony R, Bhattacharya S, Mukhopadhyay C, Ramasubramanian V, Sharma A, Sahu S, Nirkhiwale S, Gupta S, Rohit A, Sharma S, Raghavan V, Barman P, Sood S, Mamtora D, Rengaswamy S, Arora A, Goossens H, Versporten A. Variations in antibiotic use across India: multi-centre study through Global Point Prevalence survey. J Hosp Infect 2019; 103:280-283. [PMID: 31170422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess antimicrobial prescribing patterns, and variation in practice, in India. A point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted in October to December 2017 in 16 tertiary care hospitals across India. The survey included all inpatients receiving an antimicrobial on the day of PPS and collected data were analysed using a web-based application of the University of Antwerp. In all, 1750 patients were surveyed, of whom 1005 were receiving a total of 1578 antimicrobials. Among the antimicrobials prescribed, 26.87% were for community-acquired infections; 19.20% for hospital-acquired infections; 17.24% for medical prophylaxis; 28.70% for surgical prophylaxis; and 7.99% for other or undetermined reasons. Antibiotic prescribing quality indicators, such as reason in notes and post-prescription review score, were low. This PPS showed widespread antibiotic usage, underlining the need for antibiotic stewardship to promote evidence-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India.
| | - S Sengupta
- Medanta - The Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - R Antony
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - S Sahu
- Apollo Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - S Gupta
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - A Rohit
- Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - S Sharma
- Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Delhi, India
| | - V Raghavan
- Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - P Barman
- BLK Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S Sood
- CK Birla Hospitals - Rukmani Birla Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | | | | | - A Arora
- Fortis Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Gupta R, Ahad MZ, Udupa A, Varma M, Mukhopadhyay C, Ke V. Blood stream infections by carbapenem resistant bacteria: critical perspectives from Indian tertiary care hospita. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Sukriti S, Maras JS, Bihari C, Das S, Vyas AK, Sharma S, Hussain S, Shasthry S, Choudhary A, Premkumar M, Kumar D, Kumar G, Mukhopadhyay C, Kumar A, Trehanpati N, Rautou PE, Moreau R, Sarin SK. Microvesicles in hepatic and peripheral vein can predict nonresponse to corticosteroid therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:1151-1161. [PMID: 29460445 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe alcoholic hepatitis patients have high mortality and limited response to corticosteroids. Microvesicles reflect cellular stress and disease conditions. AIMS To investigate whether microvesicles are associated with severity, response to steroid therapy and inflammation in severe alcoholic hepatitis. METHODS Microvesicles originating from different cells were studied pre-therapy in 101 patients; (71 responder to corticosteroid therapy and 30 nonresponders) and 20 healthy controls. Microvesicles and cells were determined in peripheral and hepatic vein samples using flow cytometry and correlated with outcomes. Inflammatory signalling pathways and functional alterations of immune cells after stimulation with microvesicles were also investigated. RESULTS Microvesicles mean levels were higher in nonresponders for T cells (CD3+ CD4+ ; 10.1 MV/μL vs 5.4; P = 0.06), macrophages (CD68+ CD11b+ ; 136.5 vs 121.9 MV/μL; P = 0.01), haematopoietic stem-cells (CD45+ CD34+ ; 116.8 vs 13.4 MV/μL; P = 0.0001) and hepatocytes (ASGPR+ ; 470 vs 361 MV/μL; P = 0.01); the latter two predicting steroid nonresponse in 94% patients at baseline in peripheral plasma. Microvesicle levels correlated with histological and liver disease severity indices. Whereas, in non-responders hepatic vein CD34+ cells were lower (P = 0.02), the CD34+ microvesicles there from were higher (P = 0.04), thus suggesting impaired regeneration. Also, microvesicles of 0.2-0.4 μm size were higher in nonresponders (P < 0.03) at baseline. Microvesicles from patients trigger more (P = 0.04) ROS generation, TNF-α production (P = 0.04) and up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine related genes in neutrophils in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Pre-therapy peripheral plasma levels of CD34+ and ASGPR+ microvesicles are reliable non-invasive markers of steroid nonresponse and mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sukriti
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - J S Maras
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - C Bihari
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - S Das
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - A K Vyas
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - S Hussain
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - S Shasthry
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - A Choudhary
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - M Premkumar
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - D Kumar
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - G Kumar
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - C Mukhopadhyay
- Special center for molecular medicine, JNU, Delhi, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - N Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - P E Rautou
- Department of Hepatology, Hopital Beaujon, INSERM U970, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - R Moreau
- Center for Research on Inflammation, Xavier Bichat School of Medicine, INSERM U1149, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - S K Sarin
- Department of Molecular and cellular medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India.,Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India
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Tilak K, Eshwara VK, Tellapragada C, Mukhopadhyay C. Stamp's modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining for Brucella: Beware of the first impressions. Indian J Med Microbiol 2017; 34:561-562. [PMID: 27934847 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.195363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Tilak
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - V K Eshwara
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C Tellapragada
- Directorate of Research, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Chatterjee S, Eshwara VK, Tellapragada C, Mukhopadhyay C. Azithromycin susceptibility among clinical isolates of Salmonella: Interfacing guidelines with routine practices. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:397-8. [PMID: 27514976 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.188376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - V K Eshwara
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C Tellapragada
- Directorate of Research - Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Shaw T, Tellapragada C, Eshwara VK, Bhat HV, Mukhopadhyay C. The antibiotics of choice for the treatment of melioidosis in Indian set up. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:353-4. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.188340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Madiyal M, Eshwara VK, Halim I, Stanley W, Prabhu M, Mukhopadhyay C. A rare glimpse into the morbid world of necrotising fasciitis: Flesh-eating bacteria Vibrio vulnificus. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:384-6. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.188361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Homenauth E, Ghiasi M, Feldman L, Arrouf N, Mallya S, Lacombe J, Pichika SC, Zhao K, Aibibula W, Krishnan R, Kajeguka D, Kaaya R, Protopopoff N, Mosha F, Desrochers R, Watts A, Kulkarni M, Saravu K, Nair S, Mukhopadhyay C, George LS, Pai M, Jiang H, Brown P, Blais L, Lefebvre G, Samoilenko M, Kulkarni M, Jolly A, Roy-Gagnon MH, Sander B, Gauvreau CL, Memon S, Popadiuk C, Flanagan WM, Nadeau C, Coldman AJ, Wolfson MC, Miller AB, Acar E, Cox J, Hamelin AM, McLinden T, Klein MB, Brassard P, Chong M, Martin J. The Canadian Society for Epidemiology and Biostatistics 2016 National Student Conference001INVESTIGATING ECOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF MALARIA VECTOR DISTRIBUTION IN RURAL TANZANIA “A MULTI-SCALAR INVESTIGATION”002PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION AMONG HEALTHCARE TRAINEES IN SOUTH INDIA003SPATIAL MODELLING OF LUNG AND THYROID CANCERS IN UNITED STATES COUNTIES004A MEDIATION ANALYSIS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS (ICSS) DURING PREGNANCY ON BIRTHWEIGHT005MODELLING HUMAN RISK OF WEST NILE VIRUS IN ONTARIO, 2002-2013: INCORPORATING SURVEILLANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA006EXPLORING THE HEALTH OUTCOMES OF VARIOUS PAN-CANADIAN CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING PROGRAMS USING MICROSIMULATION MODELING007INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF MICRORNA AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA USING SPARSE CANONICAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS008CONDITIONAL DEPENDENCE MODELS UNDER COVARIATE MEASUREMENT ERROR009ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FOOD INSECURITY AND HIV VIRAL SUPPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS010ANTIBIOTICS VERSUS APPENDECTOMY FOR UNCOMPLICATED APPENDICITIS: A GLOBAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVE. Am J Epidemiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gupta M, Lakhina K, Kamath A, Vandana KE, Mukhopadhyay C, Vidyasagar S, Varma M. Colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital: an evolving threat. J Hosp Infect 2016; 94:72-3. [PMID: 27238611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Gupta
- Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - K Lakhina
- Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - A Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - K E Vandana
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S Vidyasagar
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M Varma
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Tellapragada C, Shaw T, Kalwaje Eshwara V, Bhat V, Kumar S, Mukhopadhyay C. Novel allelic profile of the clinical strains of burkholderia pseudomallei on multi locus sequence typing from India. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Mukhopadhyay C. Melioidosis endemicity in India. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Tellapragada C, Kalwaje Eshwara V, Bhat P, Kamath A, Mukhopadhyay C. Vaginal colonization by microbes during early pregnancy and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Marimuthu V, Midha G, Mukhopadhyay C, Saravu K. Tropical pyomyositis - outcomes and clinical profile. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kalwaje Eshwara V, Sahai P, Tellapragada C, Mukhopadhyay C. Characterization of carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobactieraceae. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are major public health problems and knowledge of microbes that cause infections are helpful to determine proper antibiotic therapy. AIMS The aim was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of microbes in DFIs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months at the Department of General Surgery, KMC hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, India. During this period, 108 patients having DFIs admitted in the general surgery wards were tracked from the hospital data management system. These patients' pus samples were examined as Gram-stained smear and cultured aerobically on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion techniques according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS Of the 108 specimens of the diabetic foot lesions, culture showed polymicrobial growth in 44.4% (48/108). Prevalence of Gram-negative organisms (56%, 84/150) was found to be more than Gram-positive organisms (44%, 66/150). However, Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent pathogen (28%, 42/150). All Gram-positive aerobes were sensitive to doxycycline. All Gram-negative isolates, including extended spectrum beta lactamase producing strains of Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella oxytoca except Acinetobacter were highly sensitive to amikacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and meropenem. Acinetobacter was completely resistant to all the common antibiotics tested. CONCLUSION Prevalence showed Gram-negative bacteria was slightly more than Gram-positive bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers. This study recommends doxycycline should be empirical treatment of choice for Gram-positive isolates and amikacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and meropenem should be considered for most of the Gram-negatives aerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sm Sekhar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - N Vyas
- Department of Public Health, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mk Unnikrishnan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gs Rodrigues
- Department of General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Shenoy V, Chakradhar V, Munim F, Mukhopadhyay C. An Integrated Approach Using Liquid Culture System Can it Make an Impact for Clinical Diagnosis of Genitourinary Tuberculosis? Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:S144-6. [PMID: 25184082 PMCID: PMC4145512 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.138037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major health problems in India. Genitourinary TB (GUTB) comprises 20% of all extrapulmonary TB, and is the most common extrapulmonary site to be affected by this disease. The spectrum of varied pathological changes occur in GUTB, hence a thorough knowledge is required to prevent complications related to GUTB. Diagnostic dilemma is a common problem faced as culture and polymerase chain reaction results vary in their sensitivity and specificity. A thorough knowledge of epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, and spectrum of the disease and importance of including liquid culture system for the diagnosis of this disease are presented in three cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vp Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - V Chakradhar
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - F Munim
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Mukhopadhyay C, Krishna S, KE V, Saravu K, Balasubramaniam R. Tuberculosis or Melioidosis? - Look Twice in Southwestern Coastal India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis is known endemic in many Southeast Asian countries, especially Thailand, and in Northern Australia. The disease was long considered under-recognized in India but has now gained the status of emerging infectious disease here. Increasing isolation of the causitive agent B. pseudomallei is encountered in the recent years from this part of western coastal India. We report one such case of pulmonary melioidosis in an elderly patient misdiagnosed as tuberculosis ending fatally. Prompt microbiological diagnosis prevents the unnecessary Anti-TB treatment or prophylaxis. This was also our first of isolation of B. pseudomallei from endotracheal aspirate. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 15-18 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7973
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Sreeramareddy C, Mukhopadhyay C, Phe T, Rahman M. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges of pediatric tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Rahman M, Sreeramareddy C, Phe T, Mukhopadhyay C. Programmatic barriers, current treatment and control strategies for pediatric tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Chowdary S, Menon A, Varma M, Mukhopadhyay C, Vidyasagar S. A clinco-microbiological profile of carbapenem resistance among nosocomial infections in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Mukhopadhyay C, Vandana KE, Munim F, Lewis LE. Suppurative sialadenitis in a neonate by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: do we need search and kill superbug strategy? Indian J Med Microbiol 2012; 30:113. [PMID: 22361778 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.93087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kosaraju K, Sarkar S, Maurya S, Kalwaje V, Chawla K, Mukhopadhyay C. OL-060 In vitro activity of antibiotics on biofilm producing isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Saravu K, Naha K, Mukhopadhyay C, Balasubramanian R. Recurrent pseudomonal pneumonia in a young immunocompetent adult - something fishy? Australas Med J 2011; 4:263-265. [PMID: 23393518 PMCID: PMC3562934 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2011.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa typically occurs in patients with pre-existing lung disease and immunocompromised individuals. We report the case of a previously healthy young adult who presented with recurrent episodes of pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa complicated by pleural effusion. Careful and extensive evaluation ultimately revealed the unusual reason behind the patient's illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saravu
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Mukhopadhyay C, Mathur J. Prospects and Ethical Concerns of Embryonic Stem Cells Research-A Review. Vet World 2011. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.4.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Vandana KE, Mukhopadhyay C, Rau NR, Ajith V, Rajath P. Native valve endocarditis and femoral embolism due to Granulicatella adiacens: a rare case report. Braz J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702010000600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Vandana KE, Mukhopadhyay C, Rau NR, Ajith V, Rajath P. Native valve endocarditis and femoral embolism due to Granulicatella adiacens: a rare case report. Braz J Infect Dis 2010; 14:634-636. [PMID: 21340307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The fastidious Gram-positive cocci Granulicatella adiacens, previously known as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are unusual but significant cause of endocarditis due to increased mortality and morbidity. Difficulties in reaching correct bacteriological identification, increased resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides and complicated clinical course have contributed to problems in management of cases of infective endocarditis caused by this bacterium. We present the first Indian case of endocarditis with arterial embolus by G. adiacens in an elderly male with no preexisting cardiac abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Vandana
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, India.
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Abstract
We present the first two fulminant cases of pulmonary melioidosis in febrile neutropenic patients with acute and varied presentations seen in our institution and their fatal outcome. A high index of suspicion coupled with microbiological confirmation can facilitate the administration of the appropriate therapy in cases of melioidosis that differ from other bacterial infections in terms of presentation and the response to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal 576104, India.
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Mukhopadhyay C, Krishna S, Shenoy A, Prakashini K. Clinical, radiological and microbiological corroboration to assess the role of endotracheal aspirate in diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital, India. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Saravu K, Mukhopadhyay C, Vishwanath S, Valsalan R, Docherla M, Vandana KE, Shastry BA, Bairy I, Rao SP. Melioidosis in southern India: epidemiological and clinical profile. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2010; 41:401-409. [PMID: 20578524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis, which is mainly prevalent in Thailand and Australia, has shown an increasing trend in India in the last few years. We carried out a retrospective study of 25 culture-proven adult cases of melioidosis who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital in southern India during June 2001 to September 2007. There was a six-fold increase in the number of cases in 2006 and 2007 as compared to 2001. Diabetes mellitus was the predisposing factor in 68% of cases, followed by alcoholism (28%). The clinical presentations were fever (80%), pneumonia and/or pleural effusion (48%), hepatomegaly (56%), joint involvement, and/or osteomyelitis (48%), splenomegaly (40%), splenic abscess (24%) and septicemia (28%). The organism, Burkholderia pseudomallei, was sensitive to co-amoxiclav, cotrimoxazole, ceftazidime, and carbapenem. The study suggests that melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease in the southwestern coastal belt of India, and it is likely to happen at much higher incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saravu
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Karnataka, India.
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Valsalan R, Shubha S, Mukhopadhyay C, Saravu K, Maneesh M, Shastry BA, Rau NR, Pandit VR, Gonsalves H. False-positive widal in melioidosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [PMID: 19901486 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5359.57647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Enteric fever is endemic in this part of the world, and Widal test is one of the time-honored laboratory tests that are being used for years to diagnose the disease. On the other hand, melioidosis is a newly emerging disease from this region, which is most often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed by clinicians. It is well accepted that false-positive Widal reactions following certain non-typhoid Salmonella infections may occur commonly. Three cases of high titers of Widal test are described, where melioidosis was the actual diagnosis in every occasion and was never suspected until diagnosed microbiologically. All the patients had shown a partial response to ceftriaxone. Blood and pus cultures grew Burkholderia pseudomallei, whereas Salmonella typhi was not isolated from blood in any patient. With appropriate antibiotics, the patients showed clinical and microbiological improvement with lowering of Widal titers. These 3 cases show that high Widal titer in any patient may mislead the diagnosis of melioidosis, and further laboratory workup should always be done to rule out melioidosis, especially in cases with nonresponsiveness to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Valsalan
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India.
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Mukhopadhyay C, Chawla K, Sharma Y, Bairy I. Emerging extra-intestinal infections with Aeromonas hydrophila in coastal region of southern Karnataka. J Postgrad Med 2009; 54:199-202. [PMID: 18626167 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.41801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeromonas species are gram-negative rods usually isolated from the gastrointestinal tract. They have been occasionally reported as a cause of extra-intestinal infections such as cellulitis, cholangitis, necrotizing fascitis, meningitis, bacteremia, or peritonitis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. AIM To determine the role and possible pathogenesis of Aeromonas in extra-intestinal infections. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Retrospective analysis carried out at Kasturba Hospital Manipal, Karnataka in the months of January and February 2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical manifestations and management of eight cases of extra-intestinal infections caused by A. hydrophila , from the south Karnataka coastal region were reviewed. The isolates were identified with the help of biochemical tests using standard guidelines. RESULTS All patients acquired Aeromonas infections in the community. Five (62.5%) had underlying illnesses, such as liver disease, diabetes mellitus or malignancy. Five (62.5%) had polymicrobial infections, and three (37.5%) were complicated with bacteremia. These included three patients with ulcers or abscess over the lower leg, two with cellulitis due to snake bite and one each with pelvic inflammatory disease, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and pneumonia. A. hydrophila was found to be a causative agent of pelvic inflammatory disease or cellulitis following sea snake bite, and such a clinical scenario has not been previously described. Seven patients survived the illness. CONCLUSIONS Isolation of A. hydrophila from extra-intestinal specimens demands utmost clinical and microbiological vigilance in diagnosis, since the organism can cause serious infections among immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal - 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an inborn error of organic acid metabolism, where the brain is the principal organ affected with exposure to toxic metabolic product, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA). A 2-year-old boy with GA1 and delayed developmental milestones had an acute neurological crisis leading to massive brain abscess with Citrobacter freundi infection, a rare cause of neonatal meningitis and often associated with brain abscess. Both 3-OHGA and C. freundii can damage the blood-brain barrier and can cause significant trauma which demands immediate and appropriate management. Encephalopathic manifestations of GA1 may consequently increase the risk of meningeal infection and it has not been previously documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Mukhopadhyay C, Wilson G, Chawla K, Binu V, Shivananda P. A 6 Year Geohelminth Infection Profile of Children at High Altitude in Western Nepal. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Mukhopadhyay C, Krishna S, Vandana K, Shenoy A, Bairy I. Ventilator-associated pneumonia with Col-S strains: a successful comeback of colistin! Braz J Infect Dis 2008; 12:444-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702008000500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mukhopadhyay C, Dey A, Sugandhi Rao P, Pandey V, Sripathi Rao P. Aetiology and management of chronic granulomatous osteomyelitis: look before you leap. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:e40-2. [PMID: 17304376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a rare difficult-to-manage case of chronic granulomatous osteomyelitis due to Burkholderia pseudomallei, the category two organism with atypical sensitivity pattern. The patient was a 29-year-old who presented with a history of dull aching pain in the left thigh region for one year. Local examination revealed a diffuse swelling and tenderness. Any similar presentation should therefore always be supported by microbiological opinion to prevent prolonged morbidity, especially in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Mukhopadhyay C, Wilson G, Pradhan D, Shivananda PG. Intestinal protozoal infestation profile in persistent diarrhea in children below age 5 years in western Nepal. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2007; 38:13-9. [PMID: 17539240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Unlike acute diarrhea, the role of pathogens in persistent diarrhea in children in Nepal is unclear. Protozoal parasites are suspected to be a major cause. The study was carried out to find the association between protozoal agents and persistent diarrhea in children below age 5 years from western Nepal. Stool samples were collected from 253 children with persistent diarrhea, from 155 children with acute diarrhea (disease controls) and from 100 healthy children from the community (normal controls). Of 253 children with persistent diarrhea, 90 (35.5%) had protozoal infections, 63 (24.9%) helminthic infections, 32 (12.6%) had bacterial infections and 16 had mixed infections. Giardia lamblia was the most prevalent (67.7%), followed by Entamaeba histolytica (27.7%). HIV infection and severe malnutrition were associated with Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cryptosporidium spp causing persistent diarrhea. We conclude that stool microscopy should be routinely performed in children with persistent diarrhea since protozoal infections can be cured with effective treatment and control can be achieved by proper health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
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Gupta M, Neelakantan V, Mishra S, Tyagi R, Dinda A, Maulik S, Mukhopadhyay C, Goswami S. A6. An assessment of the role of reactive oxygen species in norepinephrine-induced apoptosis and hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.03.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wilson G, Prabhu N, Easow JM, Mukhopadhyay C. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhi in a patient with osteomyelitis of the rib. Med J Malaysia 2005; 60:667-9. [PMID: 16515126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella osteomyelitis of the rib is a rare clinical entity. In our case, a muhidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi was isolated from an immuno-competent patient with osteomyclitis of the ribs, who was treated earlier with ciprotloxacin for typhoid fever. The patient was successfully treated for osteomyclitis with intravenous ceftriaxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 155, Deep Heights, Pokhara, Nepal
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Kishore J, Mukhopadhyay C. Persistence of parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies and DNA in pure red cell aplasia resulting in myelodysplasia--a case report. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2004; 47:78-81. [PMID: 15471143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human erythrovirus B19 (B19), previously known as parvovirus B19, is a small spherical, non-enveloped single stranded DNA virus. It has been shown to cause a wide spectrum of clinical conditons including various hematological disorders. We report here for the first time from Inida a case of pure red cell aplasia in a 45-year-old female for last 7 years due to chronic persistent B19 infection leading to myelodysplasia after 4 years. Her sera were positive for two times 4 months apart for B19 IgM and B19 DNA at the initial stage. Presently the patient is on repeated blood transfusion on every 15-20 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kishore
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow.
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Mukhopadhyay C, Bhargava A, Ayyagari A. Ralstonia mannitolilytica infection in renal transplant recipient: first report. Indian J Med Microbiol 2003; 21:284-6. [PMID: 17643046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia mannitolilytica is being increasingly identified as an opportunist pathogen in immunocompromised patients. We report the first case of post renal transplant infection by R. mannitolilytica, in a 14-year-old recipient. The graft and the patient were saved with prompt microbiological identification, sensitivity testing and subsequent administration of appropriate antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow - 226 014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Complex carbohydrates linked to glycoproteins are recently being implicated to play a variety of biological roles. The lack of well-resolved crystallographic coordinates of the carbohydrates makes it difficult to assess the contributions of the glycan chain on protein structure and dynamics. We have modeled two different oligosaccharides NeuNAc2Gal3Man3GlcNAc5Fuc and Man3GlcNAc4 to generate two glycosylation variants of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I glycoprotein. Molecular dynamics simulations of the isolated fourteen- and seven-residue oligosaccharides have been done in vacuo and in solution. The dynamics of the two glycoforms of MHC class I protein have been simulated in solution in the free as well as in the peptide-bound form. Good agreement between the calculated solution conformations of the oligosaccharides in isolated and conjugated forms and the average conformations obtained from x-ray or NMR data was observed for most of the glycosidic linkages. These molecular dynamics simulations of the isolated glycan chains and the glycoconjugates reveal the details of the conformational flexibility of the glycan chains; they also provide atomic level details of protein-carbohydrate interactions and the effect of the ligand binding on the carbohydrate structure and dynamics. It was found that though there is some flexibility in some of the glycosidic linkages in the isolated oligosaccharides, in the protein-conjugated form the linkages adopt more restricted conformations. The glycan chains protrude out into the solvent and might hinder the lateral association of the proteins. The presence of the bulky glycan chains does not affect the average backbone fold of the protein but induces local changes in protein structure and dynamics. It has been noted that the extent of the changes depends upon the nature of the attached glycan chain. The glycan chains do not appear to influence the peptide binding property of the protein directly, but may stabilize the protein residues that are involved in ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Calcutta 700 009, India
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Mukhopadhyay C, Nath G, Gulati AK, Mohapatra SC. Prevalence of HIV among low and high risk population of eastern part of northern India. J Commun Dis 2001; 33:136-42. [PMID: 12170934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
A total of 7,904 persons visiting University Hospital of Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, were screened for HIV antibody by ELISA and/or rapid test. The overall seroprevalence of HIV (3.17%) in this area was higher than that of Uttar Pradesh and India as a whole. The seroprevalence of HIV/AIDS among the high risk group (HRG) (6.42%) being significantly higher than low risk group (LRG) (0.37%). In the LRG, the prevalence among medical and surgical patients; and ANC (antenatal cases) was 1.17% and 0.14%, respectively. However, HIV infection was not detected in HCWs (healthcare workers), BHU students and foreigners. Among HRG, CSWs (commercial sex workers) had the highest prevalence (14.0%) and STD (sexually transmitted diseases) patients, the lowest prevalence (1.99%). The STD patients had significantly lower prevalence rate as compared to others in HRG. Majority of the HIV positive were found to be within the age group 15-44 years, with heterosexual mode as the main route of transmission. Seven HIV positive children were of 2-5 yr old age group. Majority of seropositive women (62.52%) were working in a low income jobs and were mainly infected by their spouses who was mostly migrating labourers of lower socioeconomic group and with less than primary level of education. Married females, being mainly the spouses of HIV positive males had the highest seropositivity (60.25%). These population people were directly transmitting the infection from the metropolitan cities to the rural areas of this region. Prevalence of HIV-2 was negligible as compared to HIV-1, the actual reason is yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mukhopadhyay
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Mandal TK, Mukhopadhyay C. Molecular modelling of MHC class I carbohydrates. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2001; 38:96-103. [PMID: 11563340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In this article we present the results of molecular modelling of four complex carbohydrates which have been found in the MHC class I proteins. Though these proteins show diversity in their sequences, the glycosylation sites are highly conserved indicating a possible structural/functional role of the glycan chain. Similar glycan chains have been found linked with other proteins of completely different function, such as IgG, and erythropoeitin. Thus, the molecular modelling of these carbohydrates will not only provide structural/dynamic information of these complex molecules but will also provide conformational information which can be utilised to build the glycoprotein models. The results presented here indicate that although several linkages show less conformational flexibility, terminal linkages can be quite flexible.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC. Road, Calcutta 700 009, India
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Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation of ganglioside GD1a attached to the upper layer of a fully hydrated lipid bilayer of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC) at room temperature under periodic boundary conditions was performed. The time average conformation of GD1a reveals that the terminal sialic acid is more exposed into the solvent than the internal branched one. Many interresidual contacts between N-acetyl galactosamine-internal branched sialic acid; external Gal-external sialic acid; N-acetyl galactosamine-internal gal are also observed. The conformation of the GD1-hexasaccharide is stabilized by a number of intra molecular hydrogen bonds that were previously observed experimentally. The simulation results indicate that the presence of a single GD1a molecule has local effects on the bilayer. A local disorder in the arrangement of the acyl chains as well as the head groups is evident in the upper layer due to the presence of GD1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, India
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