1
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Ohta R, Lelu G, Xu X, Inaba T, Hitachi K, Taniyasu Y, Sanada H, Ishizawa A, Tawara T, Oguri K, Yamaguchi H, Okamoto H. Observation of Acoustically Induced Dressed States of Rare-Earth Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:036904. [PMID: 38307066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.036904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Acoustically induced dressed states of long-lived erbium ions in a crystal are demonstrated. These states are formed by rapid modulation of two-level systems via strain induced by surface acoustic waves whose frequencies exceed the optical linewidth of the ion ensemble. Multiple sidebands and the reduction of their intensities appearing near the surface are evidence of a strong interaction between the acoustic waves and the ions. This development allows for on-chip control of long-lived ions and paves the way to highly coherent hybrid quantum systems with telecom photons, acoustic phonons, and electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Ohta
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Grégoire Lelu
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Xuejun Xu
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Inaba
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hitachi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taniyasu
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Haruki Sanada
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishizawa
- College of Industrial Technologies, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - Takehiko Tawara
- College of Engineering, Nihon University, 1 Tokusada Nakagawara, Tamura, Kouriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
| | - Katsuya Oguri
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hajime Okamoto
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
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2
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Wang S, Zhang S, Xv B. Signal distortion awakened from optical memory estimated using a calculation method with spatiotemporal separation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:1958-1968. [PMID: 36785219 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fidelity of photonic storage and retrieval is an essential criterion in long-distance all-optical network nodes. However, the recovered signals from optical memories based on the photon echo (PE) protocol are accompanied by undesired waveform variation and temporal drift. In this study, we use a numerical calculation method with spatiotemporal separation to investigate the essence of signal distortion. The results show that the asynchronous evolution of the macroscopic population difference and the macroscopic dipole moment with time is responsible for echo signal real distortion caused by phase shifts at the in-phase point of the recorded information. The constructive interference of the dipoles at the moment of reaching the in-phase point induces the photon emission, and this point with a nonspecific phase will be naturally accompanied by waveform changes, a small amount of time advance and delay of the PE signal, which is actually a false signal distortion. Such radiation mechanism of the inhomogeneous broadening media provides a perspective to accurately and correctly recognize the temporal drift and waveform variation of the recovered optical signal.
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3
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Optical-domain spectral super-resolution via a quantum-memory-based time-frequency processor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:691. [PMID: 35121726 PMCID: PMC8816917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExisting super-resolution methods of optical imaging hold a solid place as an application in natural sciences, but many new developments allow for beating the diffraction limit in a more subtle way. One of the recently explored strategies to fully exploit information already present in the field is to perform a quantum-inspired tailored measurements. Here we exploit the full spectral information of the optical field in order to beat the Rayleigh limit in spectroscopy. We employ an optical quantum memory with spin-wave storage and an embedded processing capability to implement a time-inversion interferometer for input light, projecting the optical field in the symmetric-antisymmetric mode basis. Our tailored measurement achieves a resolution of 15 kHz and requires 20 times less photons than a corresponding Rayleigh-limited conventional method. We demonstrate the advantage of our technique over both conventional spectroscopy and heterodyne measurements, showing potential for application in distinguishing ultra-narrowband emitters, optical communication channels, or signals transduced from lower-frequency domains.
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4
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Studying the effect of fluctuating environment on intra-atomic frequency comb based quantum memory. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11439. [PMID: 34075150 PMCID: PMC8169738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we study the effect of various environmental factors on intra-atomic frequency comb (I-AFC) based quantum memory. The effect of the environment is incorporated as random fluctuations and non-uniformity in the parameters such as comb spacing and the optical depth, of the frequency comb. We found that the I-AFC is viable for photon storage even for very large fluctuations in the parameters of the frequency comb, which makes I-AFC a robust platform for photon storage. Furthermore, we show that the non-uniform frequency combs without any fluctuations in the comb parameters can also yield efficient quantum memory. Since the intra-atomic frequency combs found in natural atomic systems are often non-uniform, our results suggest that a large class of these systems can be used for I-AFC based efficient quantum memory.
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Ullah R, Ham BS. Understanding of Collective Atom Phase Control in Modified Photon Echoes for a Near-Perfect Storage Time-Extended Quantum Memory. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22080900. [PMID: 33286669 PMCID: PMC7517526 DOI: 10.3390/e22080900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A near-perfect storage time-extended photon echo-based quantum memory protocol has been analyzed by solving the Maxwell–Bloch equations for a backward scheme in a three-level system. The backward photon echo scheme is combined with a controlled coherence conversion process via controlled Rabi flopping to a third state, where the control Rabi flopping collectively shifts the phase of the ensemble coherence. The propagation direction of photon echoes is coherently determined by the phase-matching condition between the data (quantum) and the control (classical) pulses. Herein, we discuss the classical controllability of a quantum state for both phase and propagation direction by manipulating the control pulses in both single and double rephasing photon echo schemes of a three-level system. Compared with the well-understood uses of two-level photon echoes, the Maxwell–Bloch equations for a three-level system have a critical limitation regarding the phase change when interacting with an arbitrary control pulse area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Ullah
- Center for Photon Information Processing, and School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Quantum Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Byoung S. Ham
- Center for Photon Information Processing, and School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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6
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7
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Abstract
A quantum memory protocol of controlled ac Stark echoes (CASE) based on a double rephasing photon echo scheme via controlled Rabi flopping is proposed. The double rephasing scheme of photon echoes inherently satisfies the no-population inversion requirement for quantum memories, but the resultant absorptive echo remains a fundamental problem. Herein, it is reported that the first echo in the double rephasing scheme can be dynamically controlled so that it does not affect the second echo, which is accomplished by using unbalanced ac Stark shifts. Then, the second echo is coherently controlled to be emissive via controlled coherence conversion. Finally a near perfect ultralong CASE is presented using a backward echo scheme. Compared with other methods such as dc Stark echoes, the present protocol is all-optical with advantages of wavelength-selective dynamic control of quantum processing for erasing, buffering, and channel multiplexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung S Ham
- Center for Photon Information Processing, and School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chumdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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Heshami K, England DG, Humphreys PC, Bustard PJ, Acosta VM, Nunn J, Sussman BJ. Quantum memories: emerging applications and recent advances. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:2005-2028. [PMID: 27695198 PMCID: PMC5020357 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum light-matter interfaces are at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Quantum memories for photons, where non-classical states of photons are mapped onto stationary matter states and preserved for subsequent retrieval, are technical realizations enabled by exquisite control over interactions between light and matter. The ability of quantum memories to synchronize probabilistic events makes them a key component in quantum repeaters and quantum computation based on linear optics. This critical feature has motivated many groups to dedicate theoretical and experimental research to develop quantum memory devices. In recent years, exciting new applications, and more advanced developments of quantum memories, have proliferated. In this review, we outline some of the emerging applications of quantum memories in optical signal processing, quantum computation and non-linear optics. We review recent experimental and theoretical developments, and their impacts on more advanced photonic quantum technologies based on quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor M. Acosta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Center for High Technology Materials, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joshua Nunn
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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9
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Pinel O, Everett JL, Hosseini M, Campbell GT, Buchler BC, Lam PK. A mirrorless spinwave resonator. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17633. [PMID: 26655839 PMCID: PMC4674703 DOI: 10.1038/srep17633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical resonance is central to a wide range of optical devices and techniques. In an optical cavity, the round-trip length and mirror reflectivity can be chosen to optimize the circulating optical power, linewidth, and free-spectral range (FSR) for a given application. In this paper we show how an atomic spinwave system, with no physical mirrors, can behave in a manner that is analogous to an optical cavity. We demonstrate this similarity by characterising the build-up and decay of the resonance in the time domain, and measuring the effective optical linewidth and FSR in the frequency domain. Our spinwave is generated in a 20 cm long Rb gas cell, yet it facilitates an effective FSR of 83 kHz, which would require a round-trip path of 3.6 km in a free-space optical cavity. Furthermore, the spinwave coupling is controllable enabling dynamic tuning of the effective cavity parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pinel
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Jesse L Everett
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Mahdi Hosseini
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Geoff T Campbell
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Ben C Buchler
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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10
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Zhang X, Zou CL, Zhu N, Marquardt F, Jiang L, Tang HX. Magnon dark modes and gradient memory. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8914. [PMID: 26568130 PMCID: PMC4660366 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been expended in developing hybrid quantum systems to overcome the short coherence time of superconducting circuits by introducing the naturally long-lived spin degree of freedom. Among all the possible materials, single-crystal yttrium iron garnet has shown up recently as a promising candidate for hybrid systems, and various highly coherent interactions, including strong and even ultrastrong coupling, have been demonstrated. One distinct advantage in these systems is that spins form well-defined magnon modes, which allows flexible and precise tuning. Here we demonstrate that by dissipation engineering, a non-Markovian interaction dynamics between the magnon and the microwave cavity photon can be achieved. Such a process enables us to build a magnon gradient memory to store information in the magnon dark modes, which decouple from the microwave cavity and thus preserve a long lifetime. Our findings provide a promising approach for developing long-lifetime, multimode quantum memories. Yttrium iron garnet is a ferrimagnetic insulator which demonstrates robust photon-spin coupling in hybrid microwave cavity systems. Here, the authors demonstrate a magnon gradient memory based on the dark modes of a strongly-coupled system of multiple yttrium iron garnet spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Key Lab of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Florian Marquardt
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Hong X Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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11
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Sekatskii SK, Dukenbayev K, Mensi M, Mikhaylov AG, Rostova E, Smirnov A, Suriyamurthy N, Dietler G. Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer scanning near-field optical microscopy: potentials and challenges. Faraday Discuss 2015; 184:51-69. [PMID: 26407105 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A few years ago, single molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (FRET SNOM) images were demonstrated using CdSe semiconductor nanocrystal-dye molecules as donor-acceptor pairs. Corresponding experiments reveal the necessity to exploit much more photostable fluorescent centers for such an imaging technique to become a practically used tool. Here we report the results of our experiments attempting to use nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in nanodiamond (ND) crystals, which are claimed to be extremely photostable, for FRET SNOM. All attempts were unsuccessful, and as a plausible explanation we propose the absence (instability) of NV centers lying close enough to the ND border. We also report improvements in SNOM construction that are necessary for single molecule FRET SNOM imaging. In particular, we present the first topographical images of single strand DNA molecules obtained with fiber-based SNOM. The prospects of using rare earth ions in crystals, which are known to be extremely photostable, for single molecule FRET SNOM at room temperature and quantum informatics at liquid helium temperatures, where FRET is a coherent process, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sekatskii
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, EPFL, CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Ralph TC, Söllner I, Mahmoodian S, White AG, Lodahl P. Photon sorting, efficient bell measurements, and a deterministic controlled-Z gate using a passive two-level nonlinearity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:173603. [PMID: 25978233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the strengths of optical nonlinearities available experimentally have been rapidly increasing in recent years, significant challenges remain to using such nonlinearities to produce useful quantum devices such as efficient optical Bell state analyzers or universal quantum optical gates. Here we describe a new approach that avoids the current limitations by combining strong nonlinearities with active Gaussian operations in efficient protocols for Bell state analyzers and controlled-sign gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Ralph
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - I Söllner
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Mahmoodian
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A G White
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - P Lodahl
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Ding DS, Zhang W, Zhou ZY, Shi S, Xiang GY, Wang XS, Jiang YK, Shi BS, Guo GC. Quantum storage of orbital angular momentum entanglement in an atomic ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:050502. [PMID: 25699427 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/aa9b95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Constructing a quantum memory for a photonic entanglement is vital for realizing quantum communication and network. Because of the inherent infinite dimension of orbital angular momentum (OAM), the photon's OAM has the potential for encoding a photon in a high-dimensional space, enabling the realization of high channel capacity communication. Photons entangled in orthogonal polarizations or optical paths had been stored in a different system, but there have been no reports on the storage of a photon pair entangled in OAM space. Here, we report the first experimental realization of storing an entangled OAM state through the Raman protocol in a cold atomic ensemble. We reconstruct the density matrix of an OAM entangled state with a fidelity of 90.3%±0.8% and obtain the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality parameter S of 2.41±0.06 after a programed storage time. All results clearly show the preservation of entanglement during the storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guo-Yong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yun-Kun Jiang
- College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Sen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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14
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Quantum Light Storage in Solid State Atomic Ensembles. ENGINEERING THE ATOM-PHOTON INTERACTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19231-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Silly MG, Charra F, Lux F, Lemercier G, Sirotti F. The electronic properties of mixed valence hydrated europium chloride thin film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18403-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the electronic properties of a model mixed-valence hydrated chloride europium salt by means of high resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) and resonant photoemission spectroscopy (RESPES) at the Eu 3d → 4f and 4d → 4f transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Silly
- TEMPO Beamline
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
| | - F. Charra
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé
- CEA-CNRS UMR 3680
- Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS)
- F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
| | - F. Lux
- Institut Lumière Matière – UMR 5306 – Bât Jules Raulin; 22
- 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
| | - G. Lemercier
- Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR UMR CNRS no. 7312
- Groupe Chimie de Coordination
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - F. Sirotti
- TEMPO Beamline
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
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16
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Rare Earth-Doped Crystals for Quantum Information Processing. HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63260-9.00267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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17
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Pinel O, Hosseini M, Sparkes BM, Everett JL, Higginbottom D, Campbell GT, Lam PK, Buchler BC. Gradient echo quantum memory in warm atomic vapor. J Vis Exp 2013:e50552. [PMID: 24300586 PMCID: PMC3989522 DOI: 10.3791/50552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gradient echo memory (GEM) is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in atomic ensembles. The primary motivation for such a technology is that quantum key distribution (QKD), which uses Heisenberg uncertainty to guarantee security of cryptographic keys, is limited in transmission distance. The development of a quantum repeater is a possible path to extend QKD range, but a repeater will need a quantum memory. In our experiments we use a gas of rubidium 87 vapor that is contained in a warm gas cell. This makes the scheme particularly simple. It is also a highly versatile scheme that enables in-memory refinement of the stored state, such as frequency shifting and bandwidth manipulation. The basis of the GEM protocol is to absorb the light into an ensemble of atoms that has been prepared in a magnetic field gradient. The reversal of this gradient leads to rephasing of the atomic polarization and thus recall of the stored optical state. We will outline how we prepare the atoms and this gradient and also describe some of the pitfalls that need to be avoided, in particular four-wave mixing, which can give rise to optical gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pinel
- ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, The Australian National University
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18
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Efficient spectral hole-burning and atomic frequency comb storage in Nd(3+):YLiF4. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2754. [PMID: 24067549 PMCID: PMC3783034 DOI: 10.1038/srep02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present spectral hole-burning measurements of the 4I9/2 → 4F3/2 transition in Nd3+:YLiF4. The isotope shifts of Nd3+ can be directly resolved in the optical absorption spectrum. We report atomic frequency comb storage with an echo efficiency of up to 35% and a memory bandwidth of 60 MHz in this material. The interesting properties show the potential of this material for use in both quantum and classical information processing.
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19
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Cho YW, Oh JE, Kim YH. Storage and retrieval of ghost images in hot atomic vapor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:5809-5816. [PMID: 22418387 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.005809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ghost imaging is an imaging technique in which the image of an object is revealed only in the correlation measurement between two beams of light, whereas the individual measurements contain no imaging information. Here, we experimentally demonstrate storage and retrieval of ghost images in hot atomic rubidium vapor. Since ghost imaging requires (quantum or classical) multimode spatial correlation between two beams of light, our experiment shows that the spatially multimode correlation, a second-order correlation property of light, can indeed be preserved during the storage-retrieval process. Our work, thus, opens up new possibilities for quantum and classical two-photon imaging, all-optical image processing, and quantum communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Cho
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea.
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20
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Zhang S, Zhou S, Loy MMT, Wong GKL, Du S. Optical storage with electromagnetically induced transparency in a dense cold atomic ensemble. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:4530-4532. [PMID: 22139232 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.004530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate optical storage with electromagnetically induced transparency in a dense cold (85)Rb atomic ensemble. By varying the optical depth (OD) from 0 to 140, we observe that the optimal storage efficiency has a saturation value of 50% as OD>50. Our result is consistent with that obtained from hot vapor cell experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchao Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Amsüss R, Koller C, Nöbauer T, Putz S, Rotter S, Sandner K, Schneider S, Schramböck M, Steinhauser G, Ritsch H, Schmiedmayer J, Majer J. Cavity QED with magnetically coupled collective spin states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:060502. [PMID: 21902306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report strong coupling between an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy center electron spins in diamond and a superconducting microwave coplanar waveguide resonator. The characteristic scaling of the collective coupling strength with the square root of the number of emitters is observed directly. Additionally, we measure hyperfine coupling to (13)C nuclear spins, which is a first step towards a nuclear ensemble quantum memory. Using the dispersive shift of the cavity resonance frequency, we measure the relaxation time of the NV center at millikelvin temperatures in a nondestructive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Amsüss
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Austria
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22
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Wu H, George RE, Wesenberg JH, Mølmer K, Schuster DI, Schoelkopf RJ, Itoh KM, Ardavan A, Morton JJL, Briggs GAD. Storage of multiple coherent microwave excitations in an electron spin ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:140503. [PMID: 21230819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.140503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between a microwave photon and electron spins, which could enable a long-lived quantum memory element for superconducting qubits, is possible using a large ensemble of spins. This represents an inefficient use of resources unless multiple photons, or qubits, can be orthogonally stored and retrieved. Here we employ holographic techniques to realize a coherent memory using a pulsed magnetic field gradient and demonstrate the storage and retrieval of up to 100 weak 10 GHz coherent excitations in collective states of an electron spin ensemble. We further show that such collective excitations in the electron spin can then be stored in nuclear spin states, which offer coherence times in excess of seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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23
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Hedges MP, Longdell JJ, Li Y, Sellars MJ. Efficient quantum memory for light. Nature 2010; 465:1052-6. [PMID: 20577210 DOI: 10.1038/nature09081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Storing and retrieving a quantum state of light on demand, without corrupting the information it carries, is an important challenge in the field of quantum information processing. Classical measurement and reconstruction strategies for storing light must necessarily destroy quantum information as a consequence of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. There has been significant effort directed towards the development of devices-so-called quantum memories-capable of avoiding this penalty. So far, successful demonstrations of non-classical storage and on-demand recall have used atomic vapours and have been limited to low efficiencies, of less than 17 per cent, using weak quantum states with an average photon number of around one. Here we report a low-noise, highly efficient (up to 69 per cent) quantum memory for light that uses a solid-state medium. The device allows the storage and recall of light more faithfully than is possible using a classical memory, for weak coherent states at the single-photon level through to bright states of up to 500 photons. For input coherent states containing on average 30 photons or fewer, the performance exceeded the no-cloning limit. This guaranteed that more information about the inputs was retrieved from the memory than was left behind or destroyed, a feature that will provide security in communications applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan P Hedges
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
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24
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Buchler BC, Hosseini M, Hétet G, Sparkes BM, Lam PK. Precision spectral manipulation of optical pulses using a coherent photon echo memory. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:1091-1093. [PMID: 20364227 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Photon echo schemes are excellent candidates for high efficiency coherent optical memory. They are capable of high-bandwidth multipulse storage, pulse resequencing and have been shown theoretically to be compatible with quantum information applications. One particular photon echo scheme is the gradient echo memory (GEM). In this system, an atomic frequency gradient is induced in the direction of light propagation leading to a Fourier decomposition of the optical spectrum along the length of the storage medium. This Fourier encoding allows precision spectral manipulation of the stored light. In this Letter, we show frequency shifting, spectral compression, spectral splitting, and fine dispersion control of optical pulses using GEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Buchler
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics, Department of Quantum Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
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25
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Lauritzen B, Minár J, de Riedmatten H, Afzelius M, Sangouard N, Simon C, Gisin N. Telecommunication-wavelength solid-state memory at the single photon level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:080502. [PMID: 20366920 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally the storage and retrieval of weak coherent light fields at telecommunication wavelengths in a solid. Light pulses at the single photon level are stored for a time up to 600 ns in an erbium-doped Y2SiO5 crystal at 2.6 K and retrieved on demand. The memory is based on photon echoes with controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening, which is realized here for the first time at the single photon level. This is implemented with an external field gradient using the linear Stark effect. This experiment demonstrates the feasibility of a solid-state quantum memory for single photons at telecommunication wavelengths, which would represent an important resource in quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Lauritzen
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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26
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Coherent optical pulse sequencer for quantum applications. Nature 2009; 461:241-5. [PMID: 19741705 DOI: 10.1038/nature08325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The bandwidth and versatility of optical devices have revolutionized information technology systems and communication networks. Precise and arbitrary control of an optical field that preserves optical coherence is an important requisite for many proposed photonic technologies. For quantum information applications, a device that allows storage and on-demand retrieval of arbitrary quantum states of light would form an ideal quantum optical memory. Recently, significant progress has been made in implementing atomic quantum memories using electromagnetically induced transparency, photon echo spectroscopy, off-resonance Raman spectroscopy and other atom-light interaction processes. Single-photon and bright-optical-field storage with quantum states have both been successfully demonstrated. Here we present a coherent optical memory based on photon echoes induced through controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening. Our scheme allows storage of multiple pulses of light within a chosen frequency bandwidth, and stored pulses can be recalled in arbitrary order with any chosen delay between each recalled pulse. Furthermore, pulses can be time-compressed, time-stretched or split into multiple smaller pulses and recalled in several pieces at chosen times. Although our experimental results are so far limited to classical light pulses, our technique should enable the construction of an optical random-access memory for time-bin quantum information, and have potential applications in quantum information processing.
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27
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He QY, Reid MD, Drummond PD. Digital quantum memories with symmetric pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:9662-9668. [PMID: 19506615 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.009662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose a digital approach to quantum memories using a single-mode oscillator-cavity model, in which the coupling is shaped in time to provide the optimum interface to a time-symmetric input pulse. Our generic model is applicable to any linear storage medium ranging from a superconducting device to an atomic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y He
- Centre for Atom Optics and Ultra-fast Spectroscopy, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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de Riedmatten H, Afzelius M, Staudt MU, Simon C, Gisin N. A solid-state light–matter interface at the single-photon level. Nature 2008; 456:773-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Hétet G, Longdell JJ, Sellars MJ, Lam PK, Buchler BC. Multimodal properties and dynamics of gradient echo quantum memory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:203601. [PMID: 19113339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the properties of a recently proposed gradient echo memory (GEM) scheme for information mapping between optical and atomic systems. We show that GEM can be described by the dynamic formation of polaritons in k space. This picture highlights the flexibility and robustness with regards to the external control of the storage process. Our results also show that, as GEM is a frequency-encoding memory, it can accurately preserve the shape of signals that have large time-bandwidth products, even at moderate optical depths. At higher optical depths, we show that GEM is a high fidelity multimode quantum memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hétet
- ARC COE for Quantum-Atom Optics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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30
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Namiki R, Koashi M, Imoto N. Fidelity criterion for quantum-domain transmission and storage of coherent states beyond the unit-gain constraint. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:100502. [PMID: 18851198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We generalize the experimental success criterion for quantum teleportation (memory) in continuous-variable quantum systems to be suitable for a non-unit-gain condition by considering attenuation (amplification) of the coherent-state amplitude. The new criterion can be used for a nonideal quantum memory and long distance quantum communication as well as quantum devices with amplification process. It is also shown that the framework to measure the average fidelity is capable of detecting all Gaussian channels in the quantum domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Namiki
- CREST Research Team for Photonic Quantum Information, Division of Materials Physics, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate school of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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31
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Ham BS. Reversible quantum optical data storage based on resonant Raman optical field excited spin coherence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:14304-14313. [PMID: 18773041 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.014304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method of reversible quantum optical data storage is presented using resonant Raman field excited spin coherence, where the spin coherence is stored in an inhomogeneously broadened spin ensemble. Unlike the photon echo method, in the present technique, a 2pi Raman optical rephasing pulse area is used and multimode (parallel) optical channels are available in which the multimode access gives a great benefit to quantum information processors such as quantum repeaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung S Ham
- Center for Photon Information Processing, and the Graduate School of Information and Telecommunications, Inha University, Nam-gu, Incheon, S Korea.
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32
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Hétet G, Longdell JJ, Alexander AL, Lam PK, Sellars MJ. Electro-optic quantum memory for light using two-level atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:023601. [PMID: 18232866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple quantum memory scheme that allows for the storage of a light field in an ensemble of two-level atoms. The technique is analogous to the NMR gradient echo for which the imprinting and recalling of the input field are performed by controlling a linearly varying broadening. Our protocol is perfectly efficient in the limit of high optical depths and the output pulse is emitted in the forward direction. We provide a numerical analysis of the protocol together with an experiment performed in a solid state system. In close agreement with our model, the experiment shows a total efficiency of up to 15%, and a recall efficiency of 26%. We suggest simple realizable improvements for the experiment to surpass the no-cloning limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hétet
- ARC COE for Quantum-Atom Optics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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33
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Staudt MU, Afzelius M, de Riedmatten H, Hastings-Simon SR, Simon C, Ricken R, Suche H, Sohler W, Gisin N. Interference of multimode photon echoes generated in spatially separated solid-state atomic ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:173602. [PMID: 17995330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.173602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-visibility interference of photon echoes generated in spatially separated solid-state atomic ensembles is demonstrated. The solid-state ensembles were LiNbO(3) waveguides doped with erbium ions absorbing at 1.53 microm. Bright coherent states of light in several temporal modes (up to 3) are stored and retrieved from the optical memories using two-pulse photon echoes. The stored and retrieved optical pulses, when combined at a beam splitter, show almost perfect interference, which demonstrates both phase preserving storage and indistinguishability of photon echoes from separate optical memories. By measuring interference fringes for different storage times, we also show explicitly that the visibility is not limited by atomic decoherence. These results are relevant for novel quantum-repeater architectures with photon-echo based multimode quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Staudt
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-Geneva, Switzerland
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34
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Yoshida S, Reinhold CO, Burgdörfer J, Zhao W, Mestayer JJ, Lancaster JC, Dunning FB. Electric dipole echoes in Rydberg atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:203004. [PMID: 17677690 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of echoes in the electric dipole moment of an ensemble of Rydberg atoms precessing in an external electric field F. Rapid reversal of the field direction is shown to play a role similar to that of a pi pulse in NMR in rephasing a dephased ensemble of electric dipoles resulting in the buildup of an echo. The mechanisms responsible for this are discussed with the aid of classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshida
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, EU
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35
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Simon C, de Riedmatten H, Afzelius M, Sangouard N, Zbinden H, Gisin N. Quantum repeaters with photon pair sources and multimode memories. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:190503. [PMID: 17677612 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.190503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantum repeater protocol which builds on the well-known Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (DLCZ) protocol [L. M. Duan, M. D. Lukin, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Nature (London) 414, 413 (2001)10.1038/35106500], but which uses photon pair sources in combination with memories that allow to store a large number of temporal modes. We suggest to realize such multimode memories based on the principle of photon echo, using solids doped with rare-earth-metal ions. The use of multimode memories promises a speedup in entanglement generation by several orders of magnitude and a significant reduction in stability requirements compared to the DLCZ protocol.
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36
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Staudt MU, Hastings-Simon SR, Nilsson M, Afzelius M, Scarani V, Ricken R, Suche H, Sohler W, Tittel W, Gisin N. Fidelity of an optical memory based on stimulated photon echoes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:113601. [PMID: 17501053 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the preservation of information encoded into the relative phase and amplitudes of optical pulses during storage and retrieval in an optical memory based on stimulated photon echo. By interfering photon echoes produced in a single-mode Ti:Er:LiNbO(3) waveguide, we found that decoherence in the medium translates only as loss and not as degradation of information. We measured a visibility for interfering echoes close to 100%. These results may have important implications for future long-distance quantum communication protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Staudt
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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