1
|
Chalykh AE, Nikulova UV. Effect of Molecular Weight on Phase Equilibrium in the Polystyrene-Poly(methyl methacrylate) System. Molecules 2023; 28:5259. [PMID: 37446921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the solubility of oligomer polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) of various molecular weights have been obtained. The binodal and spinodal curves of the phase state diagram with the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) are constructed through simulation within the framework of the Flory-Huggins theory. The influence of the molecular weight of polymers on the contribution to their mixing has been compared, and correlation curves have been plotted. The interaction parameters were calculated and the mixing thermodynamics of the components was evaluated. The largest contribution was made by the entropy component. Also, it has been shown using IR spectroscopy that there is no interaction between the functional groups of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) in a homogeneous mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly E Chalykh
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31, Bld. 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Uliana V Nikulova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), 31, Bld. 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Clothier GK, Guimarães TR, Kita R, Zetterlund PB, Okamura Y. Tuning phase separation morphology in blend thin films using well-defined linear (multi)block copolymers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
3
|
Goodson AD, Rick MS, Troxler JE, Ashbaugh HS, Albert JNL. Blending Linear and Cyclic Block Copolymers to Manipulate Nanolithographic Feature Dimensions. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:327-337. [PMID: 35059643 PMCID: PMC8762643 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) consist of two or more covalently bound chemically distinct homopolymer blocks. These macromolecules have emerging applications in photonics, membrane separations, and nanolithography stemming from their self-assembly into regular nanoscale structures. Theory suggests that cyclic BCPs should form features up to 40% smaller than their linear analogs while also exhibiting superior thin-film stability and assembly dynamics. However, the complex syntheses required to produce cyclic polymers mean that a need for pure cyclic BCPs would present a challenge to large-scale manufacturing. Here, we employ dissipative particle dynamics simulations to probe the self-assembly behavior of cyclic/linear BCP blends, focusing on nanofeature size and interfacial width as these qualities are critical to nanopatterning applications. We find that for mixtures of symmetric cyclic and linear polymers with equivalent lengths, up to 10% synthetic impurity has a minimal impact on cyclic BCP feature dimensions and interfacial roughness. On the other hand, blending with cyclic BCPs provides a route to "fine-tune" linear BCP feature sizes. We analyze simulated blend domain spacings within the context of strong segregation theory and find significant deviations between simulation and theory that arise from molecular-level packing motifs not included in theory. These insights into blend self-assembly will assist experimentalists in rationally designing BCP materials for advanced nanolithography applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy D. Goodson
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Maxwell S. Rick
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jessie E. Troxler
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Henry S. Ashbaugh
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu D, Gong K, Lin Y, Liu T, Liu Y, Duan X. Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study on Interfacial Properties of Symmetric Ternary Polymeric Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091516. [PMID: 34066898 PMCID: PMC8125886 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interfacial properties of symmetric ternary An/AmBm/Bn and An/Am/2BmAm/2/Bn polymeric blends by means of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. We systematically analyzed the effects of composition, chain length, and concentration of the copolymers on the interfacial tensions, interfacial widths, and the structures of each polymer component in the blends. Our simulations show that: (i) the efficiency of the copolymers in reducing the interfacial tension is highly dependent on their compositions. The triblock copolymers are more effective in reducing the interfacial tension compared to that of the diblock copolymers at the same chain length and concentration; (ii) the interfacial tension of the blends increases with increases in the triblock copolymer chain length, which indicates that the triblock copolymers with a shorter chain length exhibit a better performance as the compatibilizers compared to that of their counterparts with longer chain lengths; and (iii) elevating the triblock copolymer concentration can promote copolymer enrichment at the center of the interface, which enlarges the width of the phase interfaces and reduces the interfacial tension. These findings illustrate the correlations between the efficiency of copolymer compatibilizers and their detailed molecular parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- School of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (K.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (T.L.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-315-8805860 (D.L. & T.L.); +86-431-85262479 (X.D.)
| | - Kai Gong
- School of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (K.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ye Lin
- School of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (K.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (K.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (T.L.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-315-8805860 (D.L. & T.L.); +86-431-85262479 (X.D.)
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (K.G.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (T.L.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-315-8805860 (D.L. & T.L.); +86-431-85262479 (X.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferrarese Lupi F, Murataj I, Celegato F, Angelini A, Frascella F, Chiarcos R, Antonioli D, Gianotti V, Tiberto P, Pirri CF, Boarino L, Laus M. Tailored and Guided Dewetting of Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ferrarese Lupi
- Nanoscience and Materials Division, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, Strada Delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - I. Murataj
- Nanoscience and Materials Division, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, Strada Delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - F. Celegato
- Nanoscience and Materials Division, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, Strada Delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - A. Angelini
- Nanoscience and Materials Division, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, Strada Delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - F. Frascella
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - R. Chiarcos
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università Del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - D. Antonioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università Del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - V. Gianotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università Del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - P. Tiberto
- Nanoscience and Materials Division, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, Strada Delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - C. F. Pirri
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - L. Boarino
- Nanoscience and Materials Division, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, Strada Delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - M. Laus
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università Del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choi C, Ahn S, Kim JK. Diverse Morphologies of Block Copolymers by Blending with Homo (and Co) Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Ahmadian I, Peters AJ. Phase behavior of AB/CD diblock copolymer blends via coarse-grained simulation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3069-3081. [PMID: 32134101 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram of equimolar blends of AB and CD diblock copolymers has been studied using dissipative particle dynamics. All unlike blocks interacted with the same χ, except for the B-C interaction, for which χBC < 0 in order to prevent macrophase separation. The BC interaction was able to prevent macrophase separation except for low volume fractions of B and C (φBC⪅ 0.1) and relatively equal fractions of A and D. For high φBC (φBC⪆ 0.92), a disordered state was obtained. For all microphase separated states the shapes/morphologies were described by the ratios of the eigenvalues of the radius of gyration tensor and their sphericity. These were used to classify the domains as forming sphere, cylinders, lamellae, or branched/gyroidal structures. For φBC < 0.5 the BC domains acted as an interfacial region which compatibilized the A and D domains, while for φBC > 0.5 the BC domain filled in the space between A and D domains. Several interesting structures were formed including a novel connected/branched spheres morphology, hierarchical lamellae, concentric spheres/cylinders, and a combination of cylinders/lamellae. Comparisons are made with the linear diblock and linear triblock phase diagrams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Ahmadian
- Louisiana Tech University, Institute for Micromanufacturing, P.O. Box 10137, Ruston, LA 71272, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shim J, Xie S, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Effect of Ion Concentration on the Formation of Bicontinuous Microemulsions in Partially Charged Ternary Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Shim J, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Bicontinuous Microemulsions in Partially Charged Ternary Polymer Blends. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1166-1171. [PMID: 35619439 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the phase behavior of a partially charged ternary polymer blend model system, comprising a compositionally symmetric poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]-b-polystyrene (POEGMA23-PS) diblock polymer and the constituent POEGMA23 and PS homopolymers, along the volumetrically symmetric isopleth, where 23 denotes the percentage of charged monomers in the POEGMA chain. Small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy measurements reveal morphological transitions from a layered superlattice to swollen lamellae to a bicontinuous microemulsion (BμE), followed by macroscopic phase separation, with increasing homopolymer content. The BμE channel occurs between 85 and 90% homopolymer addition, positioned approximately at the isotropic Lifshitz composition predicted by mean-field theory for neutral systems. The resulting BμE morphology exhibits a periodicity of 26 nm, yielding a mesoscopically structured but macroscopically disordered bicontinuous structure. That this structure can be achieved in a charged polymer system is surprising, given the huge asymmetries typically induced by adding charge to either diblock copolymers or binary polymer blends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goodson AD, Liu G, Rick MS, Raymond AW, Uddin MF, Ashbaugh HS, Albert JNL. Nanostructure stability and swelling of ternary block copolymer/homopolymer blends: A direct comparison between dissipative particle dynamics and experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy D. Goodson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061
| | - Maxwell S. Rick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Andrew W. Raymond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Md Fakar Uddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Henry S. Ashbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Christie D, Register RA, Priestley RD. Role of Chain Connectivity across an Interface on the Dynamics of a Nanostructured Block Copolymer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:247801. [PMID: 30608727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.247801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence labeling enables component- and location-specific measurements of the glass transition temperature (T_{g}) in complex polymer systems. Here we characterize the T_{g} of fluorescently labeled poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymers (PMMA-py) blended at low concentrations into an unlabeled lamellar poly(n-butyl methacrylate-b-methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer (PBMA-PMMA). In this system, the PMMA-py homopolymer is sequestered within the PMMA domains of the diblock copolymer and subject to soft confinement by the domains of the lower-T_{g} PBMA block, which lowers the homopolymer T_{g} by ∼5 K beyond the contribution of segmental mixing. In contrast to the PMMA block in the diblock copolymer, the PMMA-py homopolymer is not covalently bound to the interdomain interface. A comparison of T_{g} for the homopolymers in the blends to T_{g} for diblock copolymers with equivalent labeled segment density profiles reveals that the homopolymer's T_{g} is consistently ∼10 K higher than for diblock segments at the same location within the domain structure, highlighting the dominant contribution of a covalent bond across the interface to the perturbation of the chain dynamics in the block copolymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dane Christie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Richard A Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Rodney D Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uddin MF, Jiang Z, Raymond A, Goodson AD, Lwoya BS, Albert JNL. Thin film confinement reduces compatibility in symmetric ternary block copolymer/homopolymer blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Fakar Uddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X‐Ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439
| | - Andrew Raymond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Amy D. Goodson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Baraka S. Lwoya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gottlieb S, Kazazis D, Mochi I, Evangelio L, Fernández-Regúlez M, Ekinci Y, Perez-Murano F. Nano-confinement of block copolymers in high accuracy topographical guiding patterns: modelling the emergence of defectivity due to incommensurability. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6799-6808. [PMID: 29998277 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet interference lithography (EUV-IL) is used to manufacture topographical guiding patterns to direct the self-assembly of block copolymers. High-accuracy silicon oxide-like patterns with trenches ranging from 68 nm to 117 nm width are fabricated by exposing a hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist layer using EUV-IL. We investigate how the accuracy, the low line width roughness and the low line edge roughness of the resulting patterns allow achieving DSA line/space patterns of a PS-b-PMMA (polystyrene-block-poly methyl methacrylate) block copolymer of 11 nm half-pitch with low defectivity. We conduct an in-depth study of the dependence of the DSA pattern morphology on the trench width and on how the neutral brush covers the guiding pattern. We identify the relation between trench width and the emergence of defects with nanometer precision. Based on these studies, we develop a model that extends available free energy models, which allows us to predict the patterning process window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gottlieb
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona IMB-CNM, CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Dimitrios Kazazis
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Iacopo Mochi
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Laura Evangelio
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona IMB-CNM, CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-Regúlez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona IMB-CNM, CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yasin Ekinci
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Francesc Perez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona IMB-CNM, CSIC, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effect of Ink Molecular Weights and Annealing Conditions on Molecular Transfer Printing. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Choi C, Park J, Vincent Joseph KL, Lee J, Ahn S, Kwak J, Lee KS, Kim JK. Simultaneous fabrication of line and dot dual nanopatterns using miktoarm block copolymer with photocleavable linker. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1765. [PMID: 29176706 PMCID: PMC5701260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymers with various nanodomains, such as spheres, cylinders, and lamellae, have received attention for their applicability to nanolithography. However, those microdomains are determined by the volume fraction of one block. Meanwhile, nanopatterns with multiple shapes are required for the next-generation nanolithography. Although various methods have been reported to achieve dual nanopatterns, all the methods need sophisticated processes using E-beam. Here, we synthesized a miktoarm block copolymer capable of cleavage of one block by ultraviolet. Original cylindrical nanodomains of synthesized block copolymer were successfully transformed to lamellar nanodomains due to the change of molecular architecture by ultraviolet. We fabricated dual nanopatterns consisting of dots and lines at desired regions on a single substrate. We also prepared dual nanopatterns utilizing another phase transformation from spheres to cylinders in a block copolymer with higher interaction parameter. Since our concept has versatility to any block copolymer, it could be employed as next-generation nanolithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chungryong Choi
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Jichoel Park
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Kanniyambatti L Vincent Joseph
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Ahn
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Jongheon Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Kyu Seong Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang W, Qiang Y, Liu M, Li W, Qiu F, Shi AC. Tetragonal phase of cylinders self-assembled from binary blends of AB diblock and (A'B) n star copolymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:25754-25763. [PMID: 28914309 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03718j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phase behavior of binary blends composed of AB diblock and (A'B)n star copolymers is studied using the polymeric self-consistent field theory, focusing on the formation and stability of the stable tetragonal phase of cylinders. In general, cylindrical domains self-assembled from AB-type block copolymers are packed into a hexagonal array, although a tetragonal array of cylinders could be more favourable for lithography applications in microelectronics. The polymer blends are designed such that there is an attractive interaction between the A and A' blocks, which increases the compatibility between the two copolymers and thus suppresses the macroscopic phase separation of the blends. With an appropriate choice of system parameters, a considerable stability window for the targeted tetragonal phase is identified in the blends. Importantly, the transition mechanism between the hexagonal and tetragonal phases is elucidated by examining the distribution of the two types of copolymers in the unit cell of the structure. The results reveal that the short (A'B)n star copolymers are preferentially located in the bonding area connecting two neighboring domains in order to reduce extra stretching, whereas the long AB diblock copolymers are extended to further space of the unit cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Directed self-assembly of block copolymers by chemical or topographical guiding patterns: Optimizing molecular architecture, thin-film properties, and kinetics. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Chu E, Babar T, Bruist MF, Sidorenko A. Binary Polymer Brushes of Strongly Immiscible Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12505-12515. [PMID: 25668055 DOI: 10.1021/am5080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of microphase separation is an example of self-assembly in soft matter and has been observed in block copolymers (BCPs) and similar materials (i.e., supramolecular assemblies (SMAs) and homo/block copolymer blends (HBCs)). In this study, we use microphase separation to construct responsive polymer brushes that collapse to generate periodic surfaces. This is achieved by a chemical reaction between the minor block (10%, poly(4-vinylpyridine)) of the block copolymer and a substrate. The major block of polystyrene (PS) forms mosaic-like arrays of grafted patches that are 10-20 nm in size. Depending on the nature of the assembly (SMA, HBC, or neat BCP) and annealing method (exposure to vapors of different solvents or heating above the glass transition temperature), a range of "mosaic" brushes with different parameters can be obtained. Successive grafting of a secondary polymer (polyacrylamide, PAAm) results in the fabrication of binary polymer brushes (BPBs). Upon being exposed to specific selective solvents, BPBs may adopt different conformations. The surface tension and adhesion of the binary brush are governed by the polymer occupying the top stratum. The "mosaic" brush approach allows for a combination of strongly immiscible polymers in one brush. This facilitates substantial contrast in the surface properties upon switching, previously only possible for substrates composed of predetermined nanostructures. We also demonstrate a possible application of such PS/PAAm brushes in a tunable bioadhesion-bioadhesive (PS on top) or nonbioadhesive (PAAm on top) surface as revealed by Escherichia coli bacterial seeding.
Collapse
|
20
|
Williamson LD, Nealey PF. Macrophase Separation of Blends of Diblock Copolymers in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lance D. Williamson
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pandav G, Ganesan V. Efficacy of Different Block Copolymers in Facilitating Microemulsion Phases in Polymer Blend Systems. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4016104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunja Pandav
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Interfacial properties and phase transitions in ternary symmetric homopolymer–copolymer blends: A dissipative particle dynamics study. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Lo CT, Lee B, Gao MW, Chou PW. Ordering of block copolymer/nanoparticle composite thin films. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
Fang L, Wei M, Shang Y, Kazmer D, Barry C, Mead J. Precise pattern replication of polymer blends into nonuniform geometries via reducing interfacial tension between two polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10238-10245. [PMID: 22651098 DOI: 10.1021/la3008409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Patterned polymer structures with different functionalities have many potential applications. Directed assembly of polymer blends using chemically functionalized patterns during spin-coating has been used to fabricate the patterned polymer structures. For bridging the gap between laboratorial experiments and manufacturing of nanodevices, the polymer blends structures are required to be precisely patterned into nonuniform geometries in a high-rate process, which still is a challenge. In this Article, we demonstrated for the first time that by decreasing the interfacial tension between two polymers polystyrene and poly(acrylic acid) via adding a compatibilizer (polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) ), a polystyrene/poly(acrylic acid) blend was precisely patterned into nonuniform geometries in a high-rate fashion. The patterned nonuniform geometries included angled lines with angles varied from 30° to 150°, T-junctions, square arrays, circle arrays, and arbitrary letter-shaped geometries. The reduction in the interfacial tension improved the line edge roughness and the patterning efficiency of the patterned polymer blends. In addition, the commensurability between characteristic length and pattern periodicity for well-ordered morphologies was also expanded with decreasing interfacial tension. This approach can be easily extended to other functional polymers in a blend and facilitate the applications of patterned polymer structures in biosensors, organic thin-film electronics, and polymer solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- NSF Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing, Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ji S, Nagpal U, Liu G, Delcambre SP, Müller M, de Pablo JJ, Nealey PF. Directed assembly of non-equilibrium ABA triblock copolymer morphologies on nanopatterned substrates. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5440-5448. [PMID: 22559146 DOI: 10.1021/nn301306v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The majority of past work on directed assembly of block copolymers on chemically nanopatterned surfaces (or chemical patterns) has focused on AB diblock copolymers, and the resulting morphologies have generally corresponded to equilibrium states. Here we report a study on directed assembly of ABA triblock copolymers. Directed assembly of thin films of symmetric poly(methyl methacrylate-b-styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PS-b-PMMA) triblock copolymers is shown to be capable of achieving a high degree of perfection, registration, and accuracy on striped patterns having periods, L(s), commensurate with the bulk period of the copolymer, L(o). When L(s) is incommensurate with L(o), the triblock copolymer domains can reach dimensions up to 55% larger or 13% smaller than L(o). The range over which triblock copolymers tolerate departures from a commensurate L(s) is significantly larger than that accessible with the corresponding diblock copolymer material on analogous directed assembly systems. The assembly kinetics of the triblock copolymer is approximately 3 orders of magnitude slower than observed in the diblock system. Theoretically informed simulations are used to interpret our experimental observations; a thermodynamic analysis reveals that triblocks can form highly ordered, non-equilibrium metastable structures that do not arise in the diblock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu G, Detcheverry F, Ramírez-Hernández A, Yoshida H, Tada Y, de Pablo JJ, Nealey PF. Nonbulk Complex Structures in Thin Films of Symmetric Block Copolymers on Chemically Nanopatterned Surfaces. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202777s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - François Detcheverry
- LPMCN, Université de
Lyon, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, UMR 5586, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abelardo Ramírez-Hernández
- Department
of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi City, Ibaraki 319-1292, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tada
- Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi City, Ibaraki 319-1292, Japan
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Department
of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Department
of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim J, Green PF. Time Evolution of the Topography of Structured Hybrid Polymer/Nanoparticle Systems. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300245s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, United States
| | - Peter F. Green
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Influence of compositional gradient on the phase behavior of ternary symmetric homopolymer–copolymer blends: A Monte Carlo study. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Jones BH, Cheng KY, Holmes RJ, Lodge TP. Nanoporous polyethylene thin films templated by polymeric bicontinuous microemulsions: evolution of morphology on non-neutral substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4101-4111. [PMID: 21919446 DOI: 10.1021/am2009794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric bicontinuous microemulsions (BμE), found in well-designed ternary blends of two homopolymers and a diblock copolymer, have been extensively studied in the bulk, for example, as versatile templates for the synthesis of nanoporous materials. However, there have been few reports regarding BμE-forming blends as films and the potential impact of confinement on the morphology of such blends. We have investigated the morphology of ternary blends of polyethylene (PE), poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (PEP), and poly(ethylene-b-ethylene-alt-propylene) (PE-PEP) on a variety of substrates. The films were rendered nanoporous by selective extraction of the PEP component, which also created contrast for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Blends that form BμEs in the bulk were found to undergo an evolution of morphology from a BμE to a macro-phase separated state, induced by the segregation of blend components to the film interfaces. The dynamics of the transformation are accelerated by decreasing film thickness. The results presented indicate that BμEs can be kinetically trapped on arbitrary substrates, which has important implications for the production of bicontinuous, nanoporous films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pike DQ, Müller M, de Pablo JJ. Monte-Carlo simulation of ternary blends of block copolymers and homopolymers. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:114904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3638175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
32
|
Stuen KO, Detcheverry FA, Craig GSW, Thomas CS, Farrell RA, Morris MA, de Pablo JJ, Nealey PF. Graphoepitaxial assembly of asymmetric ternary blends of block copolymers and homopolymers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:495301. [PMID: 21071827 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/49/495301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ternary blends of cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers and polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymers were assembled in trench features of constant width. Increasing the fraction of homopolymer in the blend increased the spacing and size of block copolymer domains, which were oriented perpendicular to the substrate to form a hexagonal lattice within the trench. The number of rows of cylinders within the trench was controlled by the blend composition. Depending on the domain size and spacing, the hexagonal lattice was stretched or compressed perpendicular to the trench walls but not perturbed parallel to the walls, indicating a decoupling of the perturbation in the perpendicular and parallel directions. The row spacing was uniform across the trench as a function of position from the trench wall. The results are compared with an analytical model and with Monte Carlo simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl O Stuen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fang L, Wei M, Barry C, Mead J. Effect of Spin Speed and Solution Concentration on the Directed Assembly of Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1017082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufactuing, Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Ming Wei
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufactuing, Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Carol Barry
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufactuing, Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Joey Mead
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufactuing, Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ji S, Liu CC, Liu G, Nealey PF. Molecular transfer printing using block copolymers. ACS NANO 2010; 4:599-609. [PMID: 20041629 DOI: 10.1021/nn901342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soft lithographic techniques augment or enhance the capabilities of traditional patterning processes and expand the diversity of materials that can be patterned. Realization of robust parallel techniques for creating chemical patterns at the nanoscale has been challenging. Here we present a method for creating and replicating chemical patterns that uses functionalized homopolymer inks that are preferentially segregated into the nanodomains of phase-separated diblock copolymer films. The inks are transferred by reaction to substrates that are brought into contact with block copolymer films, creating chemical patterns on the substrate that mirror the domain structure present at the film surface with high fidelity and resolution. In addition to printing from self-assembled domain structures, we can also direct the assembly of the block copolymer films from which transfer occurs using lithographically defined masters so as to replicate and transfer patterns of inks with controlled and well-defined geometries. The transferred patterns may be at higher resolution than the lithographically defined master, and the process can be repeated to create multiple copies of identical replicas. Transfer of one ink from one block of the copolymer is also possible, and filling the interspatial regions of the pattern with a second ink provides a pathway toward creating patterns with diverse chemical functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stoykovich MP, Daoulas KC, Müller M, Kang H, de Pablo JJ, Nealey PF. Remediation of Line Edge Roughness in Chemical Nanopatterns by the Directed Assembly of Overlying Block Copolymer Films. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902494v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Stoykovich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado—Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Detcheverry FA, Pike DQ, Nealey PF, Müller M, de Pablo JJ. Simulations of theoretically informed coarse grain models of polymeric systems. Faraday Discuss 2010; 144:111-25; discussion 203-22, 467-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b902283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
Chen SC, Kuo SW, Jeng US, Su CJ, Chang FC. On Modulating the Phase Behavior of Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends via Hydrogen Bonding. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901729t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chien Chen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, 300 Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804 Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsin Chu Science Park, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsin Chu Science Park, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Chang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, 300 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bang J, Jeong U, Ryu DY, Russell TP, Hawker CJ. Block copolymer nanolithography: translation of molecular level control to nanoscale patterns. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:4769-92. [PMID: 21049495 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200803302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The self-asembly of block copolymers is a promising platform for the "bottom-up" fabrication of nanostructured materials and devices. This review covers some of the advances made in this field from the laboratory setting to applications where block copolymers are in use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 136-713 Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chiota J, Shearer J, Wei M, Barry C, Mead J. Multiscale directed assembly of polymer blends using chemically functionalized nanoscale-patterned templates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:2788-2791. [PMID: 19924739 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chiota
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing, Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pike DQ, Detcheverry FA, Müller M, de Pablo JJ. Theoretically informed coarse grain simulations of polymeric systems. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:084903. [PMID: 19725633 DOI: 10.1063/1.3187936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A Monte Carlo formalism for the study of polymeric melts is described. The model is particle-based, but the interaction is derived from a local density functional that appears in the field-based model. The method enables Monte Carlo simulations in the nVT, nPT, semigrandcanonical and Gibbs ensembles, and direct calculation of free energies. The approach is illustrated in the context of two examples. In the first, we consider the phase separation of a binary homopolymer blend and present results for the phase diagram and the critical point. In the second, we address the microphase separation of a symmetric diblock copolymer, examine the distribution of local stresses in lamellae, and determine the order-disorder transition temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darin Q Pike
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin IH, Kuo SW, Chang FC. Self-Assembly structures through competitive interactions of miscible crystalline–amorphous diblock copolymer/homopolymer blends. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Stuen KO, Thomas CS, Liu G, Ferrier N, Nealey PF. Dimensional Scaling of Cylinders in Thin Films of Block Copolymer−Homopolymer Ternary Blends. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900520v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl O. Stuen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Carla S. Thomas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nicola Ferrier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu G, Stoykovich MP, Ji S, Stuen KO, Craig GSW, Nealey PF. Phase Behavior and Dimensional Scaling of Symmetric Block Copolymer−Homopolymer Ternary Blends in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Mark P. Stoykovich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Shengxiang Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Karl O. Stuen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Gordon S. W. Craig
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ji S, Liu CC, Son JG, Gotrik K, Craig GSW, Gopalan P, Himpsel FJ, Char K, Nealey PF. Generalization of the Use of Random Copolymers To Control the Wetting Behavior of Block Copolymer Films. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801861h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Ji
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 400-004
| | - Chi-Chun Liu
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 400-004
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 400-004
| | - Kevin Gotrik
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 400-004
| | - Gordon S. W. Craig
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 400-004
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 400-004
| | - F. J. Himpsel
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 400-004
| | - Kookheon Char
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 400-004
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 400-004
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Park SM, Craig GSW, Liu CC, La YH, Ferrier NJ, Nealey PF. Characterization of Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymers Directed to Assemble on Spotted Chemical Patterns. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8009917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Gordon S. W. Craig
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Chi-Chun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Young-Hye La
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nicola J. Ferrier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Directed assembly of asymmetric ternary block copolymer-homopolymer blends using symmetric block copolymer into checkerboard trimming chemical pattern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3013336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Sivaniah E, Matsubara S, Zhao Y, Hashimoto T, Fukunaga K, Kramer EJ, Mates TE. Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Thin Films on Rough Substrates: Microdomain Periodicity in Pure and Blended Films. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702465t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Polymer Lab UBE Ind Ltd., 8-1 Goi Minamikaigan, Chiba 2900045, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schniepp HC, Saville DA, Aksay IA. Tip-induced orientational order of surfactant micelles on gold. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:626-631. [PMID: 18181656 DOI: 10.1021/la703096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using liquid-cell atomic force microscopy, we investigate aqueous solutions of alkyltrimethylammonium halide surfactants at the Au111 surface. The long, micellar surfactant surface aggregates cover the gold surface completely and exhibit two types of orientational order for chloride and bromide counterions, respectively. We observe lateral forces perpendicular to the scanning direction, which we explain by anisotropic friction between the probe and the oriented micelles. Conversely, we show that these friction forces can be employed to modify the spatial conformation of the micellar adlayer. Where previous methods have failed to provide control over the orientation down to the level of individual micelles, we use this technique to achieve a very high degree of order over more than 100 micelle diameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes C Schniepp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen WC, Kuo SW, Jeng US, Chang FC. Self-Assembly through Competitive Interactions of Miscible Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends: Poly(vinylphenol-b-methyl methacrylate)/Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Blend. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7021925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Chen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan; Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan; Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan; Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Chang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan; Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stoykovich MP, Kang H, Daoulas KC, Liu G, Liu CC, de Pablo JJ, Müller M, Nealey PF. Directed self-assembly of block copolymers for nanolithography: fabrication of isolated features and essential integrated circuit geometries. ACS NANO 2007; 1:168-175. [PMID: 19206647 DOI: 10.1021/nn700164p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling block copolymers are of interest for nanomanufacturing due to the ability to realize sub-100 nm dimensions, thermodynamic control over the size and uniformity and density of features, and inexpensive processing. The insertion point of these materials in the production of integrated circuits, however, is often conceptualized in the short term for niche applications using the dense periodic arrays of spots or lines that characterize bulk block copolymer morphologies, or in the long term for device layouts completely redesigned into periodic arrays. Here we show that the domain structure of block copolymers in thin films can be directed to assemble into nearly the complete set of essential dense and isolated patterns as currently defined by the semiconductor industry. These results suggest that block copolymer materials, with their intrinsically advantageous self-assembling properties, may be amenable for broad application in advanced lithography, including device layouts used in existing nanomanufacturing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Stoykovich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|