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Indhu AR, Keerthana L, Dharmalingam G. Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications - an evaluation. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:380-419. [PMID: 37025366 PMCID: PMC10071519 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The application of plasmonic nanoparticles is motivated by the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance. Owing to the tunability of optothermal properties and enhanced stability, these nanostructures show a wide range of applications in optical sensors, steam generation, water desalination, thermal energy storage, and biomedical applications such as photothermal (PT) therapy. The PT effect, that is, the conversion of absorbed light to heat by these particles, has led to thriving research regarding the utilization of plasmonic nanoparticles for a myriad of applications. The design of conventional nanomaterials for PT conversion has focussed predominantly on the manipulation of photon absorption through bandgap engineering, doping, incorporation, and modification of suitable matrix materials. Plasmonic nanomaterials offer an alternative and attractive approach in this regard, through the flexibility in the excitation of surface plasmons. Specific advantages are the considerable improved bandwidth of the absorption, a higher efficiency of photon absorption, facile tuning, as well as flexibility in the synthesis of plasmonic nanomaterials. This review of plasmonic PT (PPT) research begins with a theoretical discussion on the plasmonic properties of nanoparticles by means of the quasi-static approximation, Mie theory, Gans theory, generic simulations on common plasmonic material morphologies, and the evaluation processes of PT performance. Further, a variety of nanomaterials and material classes that have potential for PPT conversion are elucidated, such as plasmonic metals, bimetals, and metal-metal oxide nanocomposites. A detailed investigation of the essential, but often ignored, concept of thermal, chemical, and aggregation stability of nanoparticles is another part of this review. The challenges that remain, as well as prospective directions and chemistries, regarding nanomaterials for PT conversion are pondered on in the final section of the article, taking into account the specific requirements from different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Indhu
- Plasmonic Nanomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641004, India
| | - L Keerthana
- Plasmonic Nanomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641004, India
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Tatmyshevskiy MK, Yakubovsky DI, Kapitanova OO, Solovey VR, Vyshnevyy AA, Ermolaev GA, Klishin YA, Mironov MS, Voronov AA, Arsenin AV, Volkov VS, Novikov SM. Hybrid Metal-Dielectric-Metal Sandwiches for SERS Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123205. [PMID: 34947554 PMCID: PMC8708964 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient plasmonic nanostructures with controlled and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals is an important task for the evolution of ultrasensitive sensor-related methods. One of the methods to improving the characteristics of nanostructures is the development of hybrid structures that include several types of materials. Here, we experimentally investigate ultrathin gold films (3–9 nm) near the percolation threshold on Si/Au/SiO2 and Si/Au/SiO2/graphene multilayer structures. The occurring field enhanced (FE) effects were characterized by a recording of SERS signal from Crystal Violet dye. In this geometry, the overall FE principally benefits from the combination of two mechanisms. The first one is associated with plasmon excitation in Au clusters located closest to each other. The second is due to the gap plasmons’ excitation in a thin dielectric layer between the mirror and corrugated gold layers. Experimentally obtained SERS signals from sandwiched structures fabricated with Au film of 100 nm as a reflector, dielectric SiO2 spacer of 50 nm and ultrathin gold atop could reach SERS enhancements of up to around seven times relative to gold films near the percolation threshold deposited on a standard glass substrate. The close contiguity of the analyte to graphene and nanostructured Au efficiently quenches the fluorescent background of the model compound. The obtained result shows that the strategy of combining ultrathin nano-island gold films near the percolation threshold with gap plasmon resonances is promising for the design of highly efficient SERS substrates for potential applications in ultrasensitive Raman detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail K. Tatmyshevskiy
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.T.); (S.M.N.); Tel.: +7-9056137678 (M.K.T.); +7-9032360487 (S.M.N.)
| | - Dmitry I. Yakubovsky
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Olesya O. Kapitanova
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin R. Solovey
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Andrey A. Vyshnevyy
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Georgy A. Ermolaev
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Yuri A. Klishin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Mikhail S. Mironov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Artem A. Voronov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Aleksey V. Arsenin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Sergey M. Novikov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.T.); (S.M.N.); Tel.: +7-9056137678 (M.K.T.); +7-9032360487 (S.M.N.)
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3
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Giant Second Harmonic Generation Enhancement by Ag Nanoparticles Compactly Distributed on Hexagonal Arrangements. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092394. [PMID: 34578708 PMCID: PMC8468191 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The association of plasmonic nanostructures with nonlinear dielectric systems has been shown to provide useful platforms for boosting frequency conversion processes at metal-dielectric interfaces. Here, we report on an efficient route for engineering light-matter interaction processes in hybrid plasmonic-χ(2) dielectric systems to enhance second harmonic generation (SHG) processes confined in small spatial regions. By means of ferroelectric lithography, we have fabricated scalable micrometric arrangements of interacting silver nanoparticles compactly distributed on hexagonal regions. The fabricated polygonal microstructures support both localized and extended plasmonic modes, providing large spatial regions of field enhancement at the optical frequencies involved in the SHG process. We experimentally demonstrate that the resonant excitation of the plasmonic modes supported by the Ag nanoparticle-filled hexagons in the near infrared region produces an extraordinary 104-fold enhancement of the blue second harmonic intensity generated in the surface of a LiNbO3 crystal. The results open new perspectives for the design of efficient hybrid plasmonic frequency converters in miniaturized devices.
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Roubaud G, Bondareff P, Volpe G, Gigan S, Bidault S, Grésillon S. Far-Field Wavefront Control of Nonlinear Luminescence in Disordered Gold Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3291-3298. [PMID: 32243180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the local optimization of nonlinear luminescence from disordered gold metasurfaces by shaping the phase of femtosecond excitation. This process is enabled by the far-field wavefront control of plasmonic modes delocalized over the sample surface, leading to a coherent enhancement of subwavelength electric fields. In practice, the increase in nonlinear luminescence is strongly sensitive to both the nanometer-scale morphology and the level of structural complexity of the gold metasurface. We typically observe a 2 orders of magnitude enhancement of the luminescence signal for an optimized excitation wavefront compared to a random one. These results demonstrate how disordered metasurfaces made of randomly coupled plasmonic resonators, together with wavefront shaping, provide numerous degrees of freedom to program locally optimized nonlinear responses and optical hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Roubaud
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bondareff
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Giorgio Volpe
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure-PSL University, CNRS, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure-PSL University, CNRS, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Bidault
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Samuel Grésillon
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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5
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Qiu YH, Ding SJ, Lin YJ, Chen K, Yang DJ, Ma S, Li X, Lin HQ, Wang J, Wang QQ. Growth of Au Hollow Stars and Harmonic Excitation Energy Transfer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:736-745. [PMID: 31841297 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical excitation, subsequent energy transfer, and emission are fundamental to many physical problems. Optical antennas are ideal candidates for manipulating these processes. We extend energy transfer to second- and third-harmonic (SH and TH) fields through the collaborative susceptibility χ(n) (n = 1, 2, 3) resonances of nonlinear optical antennas. Hollow gold stars, with a broadband response covering the fundamental, SH, and TH frequencies, are synthesized as nonlinear antennas. Harmonic resonance energy transfer through a χ(3) → χ(1) collaboration is revealed. A χ(3) → χ(2) collaboration is uncovered, with largely enhanced SH radiation demonstrated by exciting the three resonances at the fundamental, SH, and TH frequencies. A theoretical model of the effective nonlinear susceptibilities is proposed to calculate the efficiencies of the two nonlinear energy transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hang Qiu
- Department of Physics , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Si-Jing Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics , China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) , Wuhan 430074 , China
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Yong-Jie Lin
- Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Kai Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Da-Jie Yang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Song Ma
- Department of Physics , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Institute for Advanced Study , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Qu-Quan Wang
- Department of Physics , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
- Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
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6
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Tatarkin DE, Yakubovsky DI, Ermolaev GA, Stebunov YV, Voronov AA, Arsenin AV, Volkov VS, Novikov SM. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Hybrid Graphene/Gold Substrates near the Percolation Threshold. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E164. [PMID: 31963496 PMCID: PMC7022774 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is a promising platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-active substrates, primarily due to the possibility of quenching photoluminescence and fluorescence. Here we study ultrathin gold films near the percolation threshold fabricated by electron-beam deposition on monolayer CVD graphene. The advantages of such hybrid graphene/gold substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are discussed in comparison with conventional substrates without the graphene layer. The percolation threshold is determined by independent measurements of the sheet resistance and effective dielectric constant by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The surface morphology of the ultrathin gold films is analyzed by the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the thicknesses of the films in addition to the quartz-crystal mass-thickness sensor are also measured by AFM. We experimentally demonstrate that the maximum SERS signal is observed near and slightly below the percolation threshold. In this case, the region of maximum enhancement of the SERS signal can be determined using the figure of merit (FOM), which is the ratio of the real and imaginary parts of the effective dielectric permittivity of the films. SERS measurements on hybrid graphene/gold substrates with the dye Crystal Violet show an enhancement factor of ~105 and also demonstrate the ability of graphene to quench photoluminescence by an average of ~60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry E. Tatarkin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Dmitry I. Yakubovsky
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Georgy A. Ermolaev
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury V. Stebunov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Artem A. Voronov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Aleksey V. Arsenin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Sergey M. Novikov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
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7
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O Ramírez M, Molina P, Gómez-Tornero A, Hernández-Pinilla D, Sánchez-García L, Carretero-Palacios S, Bausá LE. Hybrid Plasmonic-Ferroelectric Architectures for Lasing and SHG Processes at the Nanoscale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901428. [PMID: 31243833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coherent light sources providing sub-wavelength confined modes are in ever more demand to face new challenges in a variety of disciplines. Scalability and cost-effective production of these systems are also highly desired. The use of ferroelectrics in functional optical platforms, on which plasmonic arrangements can be formed, is revealed as a simple and powerful method to develop coherent light sources with improved and novel functionalities at the nanoscale. Two types of sources with sub-diffraction spatial confinement and improved performances are presented: i) plasmon-assisted solid-state nanolasers based on the interaction between metallic nanostructures and optically active rare earth doped ferroelectric crystals and ii) nonlinear radiation sources based on quadratic frequency mixing processes that are enhanced by means of localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances. The mechanisms responsible for the intensification of the radiation-matter interaction processes by LSP resonances are discussed in each case. The challenges, potential applications, and future perspectives of the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola O Ramírez
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Molina
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Tornero
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hernández-Pinilla
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sol Carretero-Palacios
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa E Bausá
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Sánchez-García L, Ramírez MO, Solé RM, Carvajal JJ, Díaz F, Bausá LE. Plasmon-induced dual-wavelength operation in a Yb 3+ laser. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:14. [PMID: 30701073 PMCID: PMC6351591 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the functionalities of plasmon-assisted lasers is essential for emergent applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Here, we report on a novel ability of plasmonic structures to induce dual-wavelength lasing in the near-infrared region in a Yb3+ solid-state laser. By means of the effects of disordered plasmonic networks deposited on the surface of a Yb3+-doped nonlinear RTP crystal, room-temperature dual-wavelength lasing, with a frequency difference between the lines in the THz range, is realized. The dual-wavelength laser is produced by the simultaneous activation of two lasing channels, namely, an electronic- and a phonon-terminated laser transition. The latter is enabled by the out-of-plane field components that are generated by the plasmonic structures, which excite specific Raman modes. Additionally, multiline radiation at three different wavelengths is demonstrated in the visible spectral region via two self-frequency conversion processes, which occur in the vicinities of the plasmonic structures. The results demonstrate the potential of plasmonic nanostructures for inducing drastic modifications in the operational mode of a solid-state laser and hold promise for applications in a variety of fields, including multiplexing, precise spectroscopies, and THz radiation generation via a simple and cost-effective procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-García
- Deparment Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariola O. Ramírez
- Deparment Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Solé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament Química Física i Inorgànica, Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA) - EMaS, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan J. Carvajal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament Química Física i Inorgànica, Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA) - EMaS, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Díaz
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament Química Física i Inorgànica, Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA) - EMaS, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Luisa E. Bausá
- Deparment Física de Materiales, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Roberts AS, Novikov SM, Yang Y, Chen Y, Boroviks S, Beermann J, Mortensen NA, Bozhevolnyi SI. Laser Writing of Bright Colors on Near-Percolation Plasmonic Reflector Arrays. ACS NANO 2019; 13:71-77. [PMID: 30525433 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coloration by surface nanostructuring has attracted a great deal of attention by the virtue of making use of environment-friendly recyclable materials and generating nonbleaching colors. Recently, it was found possible to delegate the task of color printing to laser postprocessing that modifies carefully designed and fabricated nanostructures. Here we take the next crucial step in the development of structural color printing by dispensing with preformed nanostructures and using instead near-percolation metal films atop dielectric-metal sandwiches, that is, near-percolation plasmonic reflector arrays. Scanning rapidly (∼20 μm/s) across 4 nm-thin island-like gold films supported by 30 nm-thin silica layers atop 100 nm-thick gold layers with a strongly focused Ti-sapphire laser beam, while adjusting the average laser power from 1 to 10 mW, we produce bright colors varying from green to red by laser-heating-induced merging and reshaping of gold islands. Selection of strongly heated islands and their reshaping, both originating from excitation of plasmonic resonances, are strongly influenced by the polarization direction of laser illumination, so that the colors produced are well pronounced only when viewed with the same polarization. Conversely, the laser color writing with circular polarizations results in bright polarization-independent color images. The fabrication procedure for near-percolation reflector arrays is exceedingly simple and scalable to mass production, while the laser-induced modification occurs inherently with the subwavelength resolution. This combination of features makes the approach developed for laser color writing readily amenable for practical implementation and use in diverse applications ranging from nanoscale patterning for security marking to large-scale color printing for decoration.
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10
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Berthelot A, des Francs GC, Varguet H, Margueritat J, Mascart R, Benoit JM, Laverdant J. From localized to delocalized plasmonic modes, first observation of superradiant scattering in disordered semi-continuous metal films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:015706. [PMID: 30370901 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae6ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our study proposes a new way to observe and explain the presence of extended plasmonic modes in disordered semi-continuous metal films before the percolation threshold. Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy allows us to follow the transition of plasmon modes from localized to delocalized resonances, but also reveals unobserved collective plasmon modes. These bright modes with out-of-plane polarization are transverse collective plasmonic resonances. By increasing the density of metallic nanoparticles in a wavelength scale, we observe an angular squeezing and spectral broadening of these modes. This behavior can be explained considering that transverse localized surface plasmon resonances of each nanoparticle, all resonant, interact in a collective and coherent way via a common confined light mode: the evanescent wave. These many-body resonances, which have never been clearly identified in such disordered semi-continuous metal films, can be described by analogy with atomic physics as superradiant modes. Our first simulations, using dyadic Green's formalism, demonstrate the existence of this mode for a dense array of plasmonic systems. In this regime, the radiation rate of the superradiant mode increases with the number of tied dipoles. This explains the spectral broadening observed in our work and constitutes the first manifestation of superradiance mode in plasmonic random structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Berthelot
- Institut Lumière Matière (ILM) UMR 5306 CNRS- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1- Université de Lyon, CNRS, 10 rue Ada Byron, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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11
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Sarychev AK, Ivanov A, Lagarkov A, Barbillon G. Light Concentration by Metal-Dielectric Micro-Resonators for SERS Sensing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 12:E103. [PMID: 30598001 PMCID: PMC6337457 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal-dielectric micro/nano-composites have surface plasmon resonances in visible and near-infrared domains. Excitation of coupled metal-dielectric resonances is also important. These different resonances can allow enhancement of the electromagnetic field at a subwavelength scale. Hybrid plasmonic structures act as optical antennae by concentrating large electromagnetic energy in micro- and nano-scales. Plasmonic structures are proposed for various applications such as optical filters, investigation of quantum electrodynamics effects, solar energy concentration, magnetic recording, nanolasing, medical imaging and biodetection, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and optical super-resolution microscopy. We present the review of recent achievements in experimental and theoretical studies of metal-dielectric micro and nano antennae that are important for fundamental and applied research. The main impact is application of metal-dielectric optical antennae for the efficient SERS sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey K Sarychev
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Ivanov
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Lagarkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Vidal C, Sivun D, Ziegler J, Wang D, Schaaf P, Hrelescu C, Klar TA. Plasmonic Horizon in Gold Nanosponges. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1269-1273. [PMID: 29337572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An electromagnetic wave impinging on a gold nanosponge coherently excites many electromagnetic hot-spots inside the nanosponge, yielding a polarization-dependent scattering spectrum. In contrast, a hole, recombining with an electron, can locally excite plasmonic hot-spots only within a horizon given by the lifetime of localized plasmons and the speed carrying the information that a plasmon has been created. This horizon is about 57 nm, decreasing with increasing size of the nanosponge. Consequently, photoluminescence from large gold nanosponges appears unpolarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Vidal
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz , 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Dmitry Sivun
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz , 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Ziegler
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz , 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Materials Engineering and Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau , 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Peter Schaaf
- Institute of Materials Engineering and Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau , 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Calin Hrelescu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz , 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas A Klar
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz , 4040 Linz, Austria
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13
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Sánchez-García L, Ramírez MO, Tserkezis C, Sole R, Carvajal JJ, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Bausá LE. Anisotropic enhancement of Yb 3+ luminescence by disordered plasmonic networks self-assembled on RbTiOPO 4 ferroelectric crystals. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16166-16174. [PMID: 28792037 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03489j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing Yb3+ absorption efficiency is currently desired in a number of applications including bio-imaging, photovoltaics, near infrared driven photocatalysis or ultra-short pulsed solid-state lasers. In this work, silver nanoparticles, which are connected forming disordered networks, have been self-assembled on Yb3+ doped RbTiOPO4 crystals to produce a remarkable enhancement of Yb3+ absorption, and hence in the photoluminescence of this ion. The results are interpreted taking into account the near-field response of the plasmonic networks, which display strong amplification of the electric field at the maximum of Yb3+ excitation at around 900 nm, together with the anisotropic character of the Yb3+ transitions in RbTiOPO4. We show that in the near field regime, the scattering of the plasmonic networks produces additional polarization field components to those of the incident field, which allows access to the largest transition dipolar moment of Yb3+ ions in RbTiOPO4. As a result, a much more efficient route for Yb3+ excitation takes place at the immediacy of the plasmonic networks. This work provides fundamental insights for improving the optical properties of rare earth ions by the suitable design of metallic nanoparticle arrangements, and constitutes a promising step towards the development of new multifunctional solid-state lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sánchez-García
- Dept. Física de Materiales and Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
| | - M O Ramírez
- Dept. Física de Materiales and Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Tserkezis
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Photonics Engineering, Ørsteds Plads, Building 343, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R Sole
- Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials, FiCMA-FiCNA, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - J J Carvajal
- Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials, FiCMA-FiCNA, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - M Aguiló
- Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials, FiCMA-FiCNA, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - F Díaz
- Fisica i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials, FiCMA-FiCNA, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - L E Bausá
- Dept. Física de Materiales and Instituto de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Cherpakova Z, Bleckmann F, Vogler T, Linden S. Transverse Anderson localization of surface plasmon polaritons. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2165-2168. [PMID: 28569872 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of disorder on the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons in arrays of evanescently coupled dielectric loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides. Diagonal disorder is implemented by randomly varying the heights of the waveguides. Real-space as well as momentum-space images of the surface plasmon polariton intensity distribution in the waveguide arrays are recorded by leakage radiation microscopy. In real space, increasing disorder results in a transverse localization of surface plasmon polaritons. In the momentum distribution, we observe for the first time a disorder-induced transition from a continuous band to a set of discrete modes.
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15
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Polywka A, Tückmantel C, Görrn P. Light controlled assembly of silver nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45144. [PMID: 28332582 PMCID: PMC5362827 DOI: 10.1038/srep45144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles show a particularly strong interaction with light, which is the basis for nanoparticle plasmonics. One of the main goals of this emerging research field is the alignment of nanoparticles and their integration into sophisticated nanostructures providing a tailored interaction with light. This assembly of nanoparticles at well-controlled substrate sites often involves expensive technological approaches, such as electron beam lithography in order to fabricate the nanoparticle structures. Furthermore difficult numerical simulations are needed to predict their optical properties. Both requirements, fabrication and prediction, complicate a cost-efficient exploitation of nanoparticle plasmonics in optoelectronic devices. Here we show that silver nanoparticles deposited under exposure to visible light arrange in a way that the resulting structure shows an optimized interaction with that light. This way, the light not only controls the nanoparticle alignment with an estimated accuracy of well below 20 nm during deposition from the liquid phase, but also defines the optical properties of the growing structure, and therefore complicated prediction is not needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Polywka
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Tückmantel
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Patrick Görrn
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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16
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Das Gupta T, Maurin I, Rowe ACH, Gacoin T. Ultrafine tuning of the metal volume fraction in silver/silicate nanocomposites near the percolation threshold. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3504-3511. [PMID: 28240332 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08918f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal dielectric nanocomposites exhibit a broad range of physical properties that can be tuned by varying the metallic volume fraction (ϕ), in particular near the percolation threshold. The study and exploitation of the so-called critical properties at this threshold are currently limited by the inability to finely tune ϕ in a continuous way, for example in physical mixtures. Here we present a novel chemical fabrication process for metal dielectric coatings consisting of TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in a mesoporous silver silicate host matrix. UV light irradiation of these active films allows for the photocatalytic formation of silver nanoparticles with a dose dependent, measured incremental variation in ϕ as small as 0.01% up to a total volume fraction of 20% (i.e. exceeding the 3D percolation threshold). Moreover, this is achieved in situ, that is to say, while measuring the optical or electrical properties of the nanocomposite. Simple examples of hysteretic resistance measurements and optical absorption/reflection as a function of ϕ are presented, demonstrating the utility of this nanocomposite system for the study of percolation phenomena as well as its potential for applications such as sensitive strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Das Gupta
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condense, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.
| | - I Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condense, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.
| | - A C H Rowe
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condense, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.
| | - T Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condense, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France.
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17
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Novikov SM, Beermann J, Frydendahl C, Stenger N, Coello V, Mortensen NA, Bozhevolnyi SI. Enhancement of two-photon photoluminescence and SERS for low-coverage gold films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:16743-16751. [PMID: 27464128 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.016743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic field enhancement (FE) effects occurring in thin gold films 3-12-nm are investigated with two-photon photoluminescence (TPL) and Raman scanning optical microscopies. The samples are characterized using scanning electron microscopy images and linear optical spectroscopy. TPL images exhibit a strong increase in the level of TPL signals for films thicknesses 3-8-nm, near the percolation threshold. For some thicknesses, TPL measurements reveal super-cubic dependences on the incident power. We ascribe this feature to the occurrence of very strongly localized and enhanced electromagnetic fields due to multiple light scattering in random nanostructures that might eventually lead to white-light generation. Raman images exhibit increasing Raman signals when decreasing the film thickness from 12 to 6-nm and decreasing signal for the 3-nm-film. This feature correlates with the TPL observations indicating that highest FE is to be expected near the percolation threshold.
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18
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Ding SJ, Nan F, Yang DJ, Zhong YT, Hao ZH, Wang QQ. Tunable plasmon resonance and enhanced second harmonic generation and upconverted fluorescence of hemispheric-like silver core/shell islands. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15798-15805. [PMID: 26355380 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate tunable plasmon resonance and enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG) and up-converted fluorescence (UCF) of the hemispheric-like silver core/shell islands. The Ag, Ag/Ag2O, and Ag/Ag2O/Ag island films are prepared by using a sputtering technique. The SHG and UCF of the Ag/Ag2O/Ag core/shell islands near the percolating regime is enhanced 2.34 and 3.94 times compared to the sum of two individual counterparts of Ag/Ag2O core/shell and Ag shell islands. The ratio of SHG intensity induced by p- and s-polarization is 0.86 for the initial Ag islands and increase to 1.61 for the Ag/Ag2O/Ag core/shell samples. The tunable intensity ratio of SHG to UCF of the Ag islands treated by thermal and laser annealing processes is also observed. The physical mechanism of the enhanced SHG and UCF in the Ag/Ag2O/Ag core/shell islands is discussed. Our observations provide a new approach to fabricate plasmon-enhanced optical nonlinear nanodevices with tunable SHG and UCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jing Ding
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Technology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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19
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Xu X, Lin SC, Li Q, Zhang Z, Ivanov IN, Li Y, Wang W, Gu B, Zhang Z, Hsueh CH, Snijders PC, Seal K. Optical control of fluorescence through plasmonic eigenmode extinction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9911. [PMID: 25927955 PMCID: PMC5386199 DOI: 10.1038/srep09911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the concept of optical control of the fluorescence yield of CdSe quantum dots through plasmon-induced structural changes in random semicontinuous nanostructured gold films. We demonstrate that the wavelength- and polarization dependent coupling between quantum dots and the semicontinuous films, and thus the fluorescent emission spectrum, can be controlled and significantly increased through the optical extinction of a selective band of eigenmodes in the films. This optical method of effecting controlled changes in the metal nanostructure allows for versatile functionality in a single sample and opens a pathway to in situ control over the fluorescence spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xu
- Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Shih-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Quanshui Li
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Zhili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996
| | - Ilia N. Ivanov
- Center for Nanoscale Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuan Li
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Baohua Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chun-Hway Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Paul C. Snijders
- Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Katyayani Seal
- Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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20
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Gaio M, Castro-Lopez M, Renger J, van Hulst N, Sapienza R. Percolating plasmonic networks for light emission control. Faraday Discuss 2015; 178:237-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00187g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical nanoantennas have revolutionised the way we manipulate single photons emitted by individual light sources in a nanostructured photonic environment. Complex plasmonic architectures allow for multiscale light control by shortening or stretching the light wavelength for a fixed operating frequency, meeting the size of the emitter and that of propagating modes. Here, we study self-assembled semi-continuous gold films and lithographic gold networks characterised by large local density of optical state (LDOS) fluctuations around the electrical percolation threshold, a regime where the surface is characterised by large metal clusters with fractal topology. We study the formation of plasmonic networks and their effect on light emission from embedded fluorescent probes in these systems. Through fluorescence dynamics experiments we discuss the role of global long-range interactions linked to the degree of percolation and to the network fractality, as well as the local near-field contributions coming from the local electro-magnetic fields and the topology. Our experiments indicate that local properties dominate the fluorescence modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gaio
- Department of Physics
- King's College London
- London WCR 2LS
- UK
| | - Marta Castro-Lopez
- Department of Physics
- King's College London
- London WCR 2LS
- UK
- ICFO – Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques
| | - Jan Renger
- ICFO – Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques
- 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona)
- Spain
| | - Niek van Hulst
- ICFO – Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques
- 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona)
- Spain
- ICREA – Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
- 08019 Barcelona
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21
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Klemm P, Haug T, Bange S, Lupton JM. Time-domain interferometry of surface plasmons at nonlinear continuum hot spots in films of silver nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:266805. [PMID: 25615373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.266805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear continuum generation from diffraction-limited hot spots in rough silver films exhibits striking narrow-band intensity resonances in excitation wavelength. Time-domain Fourier spectroscopy uncovers how these resonances arise due to the formation of a "plasmon staircase", a discreteness in the fundamental oscillation of the plasmon excitations responsible for generating the white-light continuum. Whereas multiple scattering from discrete antennas can be invoked to explain hot spot formation in random assemblies of isolated particles, hot spots in films of fused nanoparticles are excited by interfering propagating surface plasmons, launched by scattering from individual nanoparticle antennas. For closed films, discrete propagating plasmons interact coherently over distances of tens of microns to pump the hot spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Klemm
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Haug
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bange
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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22
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Mogensen KB, Gühlke M, Kneipp J, Kadkhodazadeh S, Wagner JB, Espina Palanco M, Kneipp H, Kneipp K. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on aluminum using near infrared and visible excitation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3744-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Discontinuous nanostructured aluminum films can support surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using excitation in the near infrared range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Bo Mogensen
- Danmarks Tekniske Universitet DTU
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Marina Gühlke
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Shima Kadkhodazadeh
- Danmarks Tekniske Universitet DTU
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Jakob B. Wagner
- Danmarks Tekniske Universitet DTU
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | | | - Harald Kneipp
- Danmarks Tekniske Universitet DTU
- Department of Physics, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Katrin Kneipp
- Danmarks Tekniske Universitet DTU
- Department of Physics, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
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23
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Plasmon-enhanced light harvesting of chlorophylls on near-percolating silver films via one-photon anti-Stokes upconversion. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1861. [PMID: 23689426 PMCID: PMC3659322 DOI: 10.1038/srep01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There exists a wealth of means of efficient utilization of solar energy in nature, with photosynthesis of chlorophylls as a prime example. Separately, artificially structured plasmonic materials are versatile in light harvesting and energy conversion. Using a simple and scalable design of near-percolating silver nanostructures, we demonstrate that the light-harvesting efficiency of chlorophylls can be drastically enhanced by tuning the plasmon frequency of the constituent silver nanoparticles to coincide with the maximal photon flux of sunlight. In particular, we show that the photon upconversion efficiency can be readily enhanced by over 20 folds, with the room-temperature fluorescence quantum yield increased by a factor of 2.63. The underlying mechanism for the upconversion enhancement is attributed to a one-electron-per-photon anti-Stokes process, involving absorption of a characteristic phonon mode of the chlorophylls. These findings suggest that chlorophylls can serve as molecular building blocks for high-efficiency light harvesting and solar energy conversion.
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24
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Surface plasmon delocalization in silver nanoparticle aggregates revealed by subdiffraction supercontinuum hot spots. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2090. [PMID: 23807624 PMCID: PMC3695561 DOI: 10.1038/srep02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasmonic resonances of nanostructured silver films produce exceptional surface enhancement, enabling reproducible single-molecule Raman scattering measurements. Supporting a broad range of plasmonic resonances, these disordered systems are difficult to investigate with conventional far-field spectroscopy. Here, we use nonlinear excitation spectroscopy and polarization anisotropy of single optical hot spots of supercontinuum generation to track the transformation of these plasmon modes as the mesoscopic structure is tuned from a film of discrete nanoparticles to a semicontinuous layer of aggregated particles. We demonstrate how hot spot formation from diffractively-coupled nanoparticles with broad spectral resonances transitions to that from spatially delocalized surface plasmon excitations, exhibiting multiple excitation resonances as narrow as 13 meV. Photon-localization microscopy reveals that the delocalized plasmons are capable of focusing multiple narrow radiation bands over a broadband range to the same spatial region within 6 nm, underscoring the existence of novel plasmonic nanoresonators embedded in highly disordered systems.
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25
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Cazé A, Pierrat R, Carminati R. Spatial coherence in complex photonic and plasmonic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:063903. [PMID: 23432244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.063903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concept of cross density of states characterizes the intrinsic spatial coherence of complex photonic or plasmonic systems, independently of the illumination conditions. Using this tool and the associated intrinsic coherence length, we demonstrate unambiguously the spatial squeezing of eigenmodes on disordered fractal metallic films, thus clarifying a basic issue in plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cazé
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
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26
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Chen H, Wang F, Li K, Woo KC, Wang J, Li Q, Sun LD, Zhang X, Lin HQ, Yan CH. Plasmonic percolation: plasmon-manifested dielectric-to-metal transition. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7162-7171. [PMID: 22757659 DOI: 10.1021/nn302220y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Percolation generally refers to the phenomenon of abrupt variations in electrical, magnetic, or optical properties caused by gradual volume fraction changes of one component across a threshold in bicomponent systems. Percolation behaviors have usually been observed in macroscopic systems, with most studies devoted to electrical percolation. We report on our observation of plasmonic percolation in Au nanorod core-Pd shell nanostructures. When the Pd volume fraction in the shell consisting of palladium and water approaches the plasmonic percolation threshold, ~70%, the plasmon of the nanostructure transits from red to blue shifts with respect to that of the unshelled Au nanorod. This plasmonic percolation behavior is also confirmed by the scattering measurements on the individual core-shell nanostructures. Quasistatic theory and numerical simulations show that the plasmonic percolation originates from a positive-to-negative transition in the real part of the dielectric function of the shell as the Pd volume fraction is increased. The observed plasmonic percolation is found to be independent of the metal type in the shell. Moreover, compared to the unshelled Au nanorods with similar plasmon wavelengths, the Au nanorod core-Pd shell nanostructures exhibit larger refractive index sensitivities, which is ascribed to the expulsion of the electric field intensity from the Au nanorod core by the adsorbed Pd nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjun Chen
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Taylor AB, Kim J, Chon JWM. Detuned surface plasmon resonance scattering of gold nanorods for continuous wave multilayered optical recording and readout. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:5069-81. [PMID: 22418312 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In a multilayered structure of absorptive optical recording media, continuous-wave laser operation is highly disadvantageous due to heavy beam extinction. For a gold nanorod based recording medium, the narrow surface plasmon resonance (SPR) profile of gold nanorods enables the variation of extinction through mulilayers by a simple detuning of the readout wavelength from the SPR peak. The level of signal extinction through the layers can then be greatly reduced, resulting more efficient readout at deeper layers. The scattering signal strength may be decreased at the detuned wavelength, but balancing these two factors results an optimal scattering peak wavelength that is specific to each layer. In this paper, we propose to use detuned SPR scattering from gold nanorods as a new mechanism for continuous-wave readout scheme on gold nanorod based multilayered optical storage. Using this detuned scattering method, readout using continuous-wave laser is demonstrated on a 16 layer optical recording medium doped with heavily distributed, randomly oriented gold nanorods. Compared to SPR on-resonant readout, this method reduced the required readout power more than one order of magnitude, with only 60 nm detuning from SPR peak. The proposed method will be highly beneficial to multilayered optical storage applications as well as applications using a continuous medium doped heavily with plasmonic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Taylor
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, P. O. Box 218 Hawthorn 3122 Victoria, Australia
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Loginov E, Gomez LF, Chiang N, Halder A, Guggemos N, Kresin VV, Vilesov AF. Photoabsorption of Ag(n)(N∼6-6000) nanoclusters formed in helium droplets: transition from compact to multicenter aggregation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:233401. [PMID: 21770503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.233401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ag(N) clusters with up to thousands of atoms were grown in large He droplets and studied by optical spectroscopy. For N≲10(3) the spectra are dominated by a surface plasmon resonance near 3.8 eV and a broad feature in the UV, consistent with absorption by individual metallic particles. Larger clusters reveal unexpectedly strong broad absorption at low frequencies, extending down to ≈0.5 eV. This suggests a transition from single-center to multicenter formation, in agreement with estimates of cluster growth kinetics in He droplets. Moreover, the spectra of large clusters develop a characteristic dispersion profile at 3.5-4.5 eV, indicative of the coexistence of localized and delocalized electronic excitations in composite clusters, as predicted theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Loginov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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Cang H, Labno A, Lu C, Yin X, Liu M, Gladden C, Liu Y, Zhang X. Probing the electromagnetic field of a 15-nanometre hotspot by single molecule imaging. Nature 2011; 469:385-8. [PMID: 21248848 DOI: 10.1038/nature09698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
When light illuminates a rough metallic surface, hotspots can appear, where the light is concentrated on the nanometre scale, producing an intense electromagnetic field. This phenomenon, called the surface enhancement effect, has a broad range of potential applications, such as the detection of weak chemical signals. Hotspots are believed to be associated with localized electromagnetic modes, caused by the randomness of the surface texture. Probing the electromagnetic field of the hotspots would offer much insight towards uncovering the mechanism generating the enhancement; however, it requires a spatial resolution of 1-2 nm, which has been a long-standing challenge in optics. The resolution of an optical microscope is limited to about half the wavelength of the incident light, approximately 200-300 nm. Although current state-of-the-art techniques, including near-field scanning optical microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, cathode luminescence imaging and two-photon photoemission imaging have subwavelength resolution, they either introduce a non-negligible amount of perturbation, complicating interpretation of the data, or operate only in a vacuum. As a result, after more than 30 years since the discovery of the surface enhancement effect, how the local field is distributed remains unknown. Here we present a technique that uses Brownian motion of single molecules to probe the local field. It enables two-dimensional imaging of the fluorescence enhancement profile of single hotspots on the surfaces of aluminium thin films and silver nanoparticle clusters, with accuracy down to 1.2 nm. Strong fluorescence enhancements, up to 54 and 136 times respectively, are observed in those two systems. This strong enhancement indicates that the local field, which decays exponentially from the peak of a hotspot, dominates the fluorescence enhancement profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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30
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Zhou ZK, Peng XN, Yang ZJ, Zhang ZS, Li M, Su XR, Zhang Q, Shan X, Wang QQ, Zhang Z. Tuning gold nanorod-nanoparticle hybrids into plasmonic Fano resonance for dramatically enhanced light emission and transmission. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:49-55. [PMID: 21105724 DOI: 10.1021/nl1026869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the optical response of a gold nanorod array coupled with a semicontinuous nanoparticle film. We find that, as the gold nanoparticle film is adjusted to the percolating regime, the nanorod-film hybrids are tuned into plasmonic Fano resonance, characterized by the coherent coupling of discrete plasmonic modes of the nanorod array with the continuum band of the percolating film. Consequently, optical transmission of the percolating film is substantially enhanced. Even more strikingly, electromagnetic fields around the nanorod array become much stronger, as reflected by 2 orders of magnitude enhancement in the avalanche multiphoton luminescence. These findings may prove instrumental in the design of various plasmonic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Kai Zhou
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Krachmalnicoff V, Castanié E, De Wilde Y, Carminati R. Fluctuations of the local density of states probe localized surface plasmons on disordered metal films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:183901. [PMID: 21231105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.183901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We measure the statistical distribution of the local density of optical states (LDOS) on disordered semicontinuous metal films. We show that LDOS fluctuations exhibit a maximum in a regime where fractal clusters dominate the film surface. These large fluctuations are a signature of surface-plasmon localization on the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krachmalnicoff
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Cao Z, Gong FC, Tu M, Zeng MX, Huang XX, Zhang L, Tan SZ, Sun LX, Gu N. Preliminary Recognition of c-Myc Gene Protein Using an Optical Biosensor with Gold Colloid Nanoparticles Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903082820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Agrawal A, Matsui T, Zhu W, Nahata A, Vardeny ZV. Terahertz spectroscopy of plasmonic fractals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:113901. [PMID: 19392201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We use terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to study the transmission properties of metallic films perforated with aperture arrays having deterministic or stochastic fractal morphologies ("plasmonic fractals"), and compare them with random aperture arrays. All of the measured plasmonic fractals show transmission resonances and antiresonances at frequencies that correspond to prominent features in their structure factors in k space. However, in sharp contrast to periodic aperture arrays, the resonant transmission enhancement decreases with increasing array size. This property is explained using a density-density correlation function, and is utilized for determining the underlying fractal dimensionality, D(<2). Furthermore, a sum rule for the transmission resonances and antiresonances in plasmonic fractals relative to the transmission of the corresponding random aperture arrays is obtained, and is shown to be universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agrawal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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