1
|
Fu M, Critchley K. Inkjet printing of heavy-metal-free quantum dots-based devices: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:302002. [PMID: 38640903 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad40b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Inkjet printing (IJP) has become a versatile, cost-effective technology for fabricating organic and hybrid electronic devices. Heavy-metal-based quantum dots (HM QDs) play a significant role in these inkjet-printed devices due to their excellent optoelectrical properties. Despite their utility, the intrinsic toxicity of HM QDs limits their applications in commercial products. To address this limitation, developing alternative HM-free quantum dots (HMF QDs) that have equivalent optoelectronic properties to HM QD is a promising approach to reduce toxicity and environmental impact. This article comprehensively reviews HMF QD-based devices fabricated using IJP methods. The discussion includes the basics of IJP technology, the formulation of printable HMF QD inks, and solutions to the coffee ring effect. Additionally, this review briefly explores the performance of typical state-of-the-art HMF QDs and cutting-edge characterization techniques for QD inks and printed QD films. The performance of printed devices based on HMF QDs is discussed and compared with those fabricated by other techniques. In the conclusion, the persisting challenges are identified, and perspectives on potential avenues for further progress in this rapidly developing research field are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Critchley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Huang Z, Meng X, Xing Z, Fan B, Li J, Chen Y. In-Situ Polymer Framework Strategy Enabling Printable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells by Mitigating "Coffee Ring" Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310752. [PMID: 38183338 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are considered ideal candidates for future photovoltaic applications due to their excellent photovoltaic properties. Although solution-printed manufacturing has shown inherent potential for the low-cost, high-throughput production of thin-film semiconductor electronics, the high-quality and high-reproducibility deposition of large-area perovskite remains a bottleneck that restricts their commercialization due to the droplet coffee-ring effect (CRE). In this study, these issues are addressed by introducing an in situ polymer framework. The 3D framework formed by spontaneous cross-linking improves the precursor viscosity and homogenizes its heat diffusion coefficient, counteracting the lateral capillary flow of the colloidal particles and anchoring their flocculent movement. Thus, the Marangoni convection intensity is properly controlled to ensure high-quality perovskite films, which significantly enhances reproducibility in printing efficient photovoltaics by mitigating the CRE. Subsequently, the perovskite solar cells and modules achieve power conversion efficiencies of 23.94 and 17.53%, and exhibit positive environmental stability, retaining over 90 and 78% efficiency after storage for 2500 and 1600 h, respectively. This work may serves as a foundation for exploring precursor rheology to match the homogeneous deposition requirements of perovskite photovoltaics and facilitating the advancement of their printing manufacturing and commercialization transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zengqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiangchuan Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhi Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Baojin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rathaur VS, Panda S. Soluto-thermal Marangoni convection in stationary micro-bioreactors on heated substrates: Tool for in vitro diagnosis of PSA. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:024108. [PMID: 38617111 PMCID: PMC11014736 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of antigen-laden droplet deposition patterns on antibody-immobilized substrates has potential for disease detection. Stationary droplets that contain antigens on surfaces immobilized with antibodies can function as microreactors. Temperature modulation enhances reaction efficiency and reduces detection time in droplet-based systems. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the impact of substrate heating on the structures of protein deposits and the influence of substrate temperature on thermo-solutal Marangoni convection within the droplets. Previous research has explored deposition patterns as diagnostic tools, but limited investigations have focused on the effects of substrate heating on protein deposit structures and the influence of substrate temperature on thermo-solutal Marangoni convection within droplets, creating a knowledge gap. In this study, we conducted experiments to explore how heating the substrate affects the deposition patterns of droplets containing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) on a substrate immobilized with anti-PSA IgG. Additionally, we investigated the thermo-solutal Marangoni convection within these droplets. Our findings reveal distinct deposition patterns classified into dendritic structures (heterogeneous), transitional patterns, and needle-like (homogeneous) structures. The presence of prominent coffee rings and the variation in crystal size across different groups highlight the interplay between thermal and solutal Marangoni advection. Entropy analysis provides insights into structural differences within and between patterns. This work optimizes substrate temperatures for reduced evaporation and detection times while preserving protein integrity, advancing diagnostic tool development, and improving understanding of droplet-based systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidisha Singh Rathaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208 016, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi G, Huang Z, Qiao R, Chen W, Li Z, Li Y, Mu K, Si T, Xiao Z. Manipulating solvent fluidic dynamics for large-area perovskite film-formation and white light-emitting diodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1066. [PMID: 38316825 PMCID: PMC10844237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Presynthesized perovskite quantum dots are very promising for making films with different compositions, as they decouple crystallization and film-formation processes. However, fabricating large-area uniform films using perovskite quantum dots is still very challenging due to the complex fluidic dynamics of the solvents. Here, we report a robust film-formation approach using an environmental-friendly binary-solvent strategy. Nonbenzene solvents, n-octane and n-hexane, are mixed to manipulate the fluidic and evaporation dynamics of the perovskite quantum dot inks, resulting in balanced Marangoni flow, enhanced ink spreadability, and uniform solute-redistribution. We can therefore blade-coat large-area uniform perovskite films with different compositions using the same fabrication parameters. White and red perovskite light-emitting diodes incorporating blade-coated films exhibit a decent external quantum efficiency of 10.6% and 15.3% (0.04 cm2), and show a uniform emission up to 28 cm2. This work represents a significant step toward the application of perovskite light-emitting diodes in flat panel solid-state lighting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Shi
- Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zongming Huang
- Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ran Qiao
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Center for Micro- and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Kai Mu
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ting Si
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhengguo Xiao
- Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Maki KL, Schertzer MJ. Characterization of Particle Transport and Deposition Due to Heterogeneous Dewetting on Low-Cost Inkjet-Printed Devices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16843-16853. [PMID: 37962525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the deposition patterns left by evaporating particle-laden droplets on heterogeneous surfaces with spatially varying wettability. Spatial differences in receding contact angles give rise to scalloped-shaped contact lines. During evaporation, the contact line recedes in one location and remains pinned in another. This nonuniform contact line recession results in particle self-assembly above areas where the contact line remains pinned but not where it recedes. This behavior is fairly robust across a variety of particle sizes, concentrations, and device geometries. We hypothesize that particle self-assembly in these cases is due to the competition between particle diffusion and evaporative-driven advective flow. Diffusion appears to be more pronounced in regions where the contact line recedes, while advection appears to be more pronounced near the pinned portion of the contact line. As such, particles appear to diffuse away from receding areas and toward pinned areas, where advection transports them to the contact line. The distribution of particle deposition above the pinned regions was influenced by the particle size and the concentration of particles in the droplet. Similar to homogeneous surfaces, deposition was more prevalent at the pinned portion of the contact line for smaller particles and lower concentrations and more uniformly distributed across the entire pinned region for larger particles and higher concentrations. A better understanding of this process may be beneficial in a wide variety of particle separation applications, such as printing, cell patterning, biosensing, and anti-icing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 1 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Kara L Maki
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Michael J Schertzer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 1 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yamada Y, Isobe K, Horibe A. Analysis of Evaporation of Droplet Pairs by a Quasi-Steady-State Diffusion Model Coupled with the Evaporative Cooling Effect. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15587-15596. [PMID: 37867300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Multidroplet evaporation is a common phase-change phenomenon not only in nature but also in many industrial applications, including inkjet printing and spray cooling. The evaporation behavior of these droplets is strongly affected by the distance between neighboring droplets, and in particular, evaporation suppression occurs as the distance decreases. However, further quantitative information, such as the temperature and local evaporation flux, is limited because the analytical models of multidroplet evaporation only treat vapor diffusion, and the effect of the latent heat transfer through the liquid-vapor phase change is ignored. Here, we perform a numerical analysis of evaporating droplet pairs that linked vapor diffusion from the droplet surface and evaporative cooling. Heat transfer through the liquid and gas phases is also considered because the saturation pressure depends on the temperature. The results show an increase in the vapor concentration in the region between the two droplets. Consequently, the local evaporation flux in the proximate region significantly decreases with decreasing separation distance. This means that the latent heat transfer through the phase change is diminished, and an asymmetrical temperature distribution occurs in the liquid and gas phases. These numerical results provide quantitative information about the temperature and local evaporation flux of evaporating droplet pairs, and they will guide further investigation of multiple droplet evaporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yamada
- Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuma Isobe
- Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akihiko Horibe
- Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jose M, Singh R, Satapathy DK. Depletion zone in two-dimensional deposits of soft microgel particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:364-372. [PMID: 37018961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Microgels are a class of model soft colloids that act like surfactants due to their amphiphilicity and are spontaneously adsorbed to the fluid-air interface. Here, we exploit the surfactant-like characteristics of microgels to generate Marangoni stress-induced fluid flow at the surface of a drop containing soft colloids. This Marangoni flow combined with the well-known capillary flow that arises during the evaporation of a drop placed on a solid surface, leads to the formation of a novel two-dimensional deposit of particles with distinct depletion zones at its edge. EXPERIMENTS The evaporation experiments using sessile and pendant drops containing microgel particles were carried out, and the microstructure of the final particulate deposits were recorded. The kinetics of the formation of the depletion zone and its width is studied by tracking the time evolution of the microgel particle monolayer adsorbed to the interface using in situ video microscopy. FINDINGS The experiments reveal that the depletion zone width linearly increases with droplet volume. Interestingly, the depletion zone width is larger for drops evaporated in pendant configuration than the sessile drops, which is corroborated by considering the gravitational forces exerted on the microgel assembly on the fluid-air interface. The fluid flows arising from Marangoni stresses and the effect of gravity provide novel ways to manipulate the self-assembly of two-dimensional layers of soft colloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merin Jose
- Department of Physics, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Physics, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dehaeck S, Rednikov AY, Machrafi H, Garivalis AI, Di Marco P, Parimalanathan SK, Colinet P. Active Role of Vapor Clouds around Evaporating Sessile Droplets in Microgravity: Marangoni Jets and Electroconvection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37385016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A benchmark microgravity experiment (dubbed "ARLES") is analyzed. It concerns evaporation of several-μL sessile droplets with a pinned millimetric circular contact line on a flat substrate into a vast calm (here nitrogen) atmosphere at nearly normal conditions. Hydrofluoroether (HFE-7100) is used as a working liquid whose appreciable volatility and heavy vapor accentuate the contrast between the micro- and normal gravity. A possibility of switching on a DC electric field (EF) of several kV/mm orthogonally to the substrate is envisaged. We here focus on the findings intimately associated with the visualization of the vapor cloud by means of interferometry and rationalized by means of extensive simulations. In particular, with different degrees of unexpectedness, we discover and explore a Marangoni jet (without EF) and electroconvection (with EF) in the gas, which would otherwise be masked by buoyancy convection. Using the same tools, we examine some malfunctions of the space experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Dehaeck
- TIPs Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexey Y Rednikov
- TIPs Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hatim Machrafi
- Institut de Physique, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Colinet
- TIPs Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pang J, Yu J, Yang H, Ruan S, Ouyang D, Yang C, Deng L. Non-uniform droplet deposition on femtosecond laser patterned superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic SERS substrates for high-sensitive detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19886-19896. [PMID: 37381394 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors combined with superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic (SH/SHL) surfaces have shown the ability to detect ultra-low concentrations. In this study, femtosecond laser fabricated hybrid SH/SHL surfaces with designed patterns are successfully applied to improve the SERS performances. The shape of SHL patterns can be regulated to determine the droplet evaporation process and deposition characteristics. The experimental results show that the uneven droplet evaporation along the edges of non-circular SHL patterns facilitates the enrichment of analyte molecules, thereby enhancing the SERS performance. The highly identifiable corners of SHL patterns are beneficial for capturing the enrichment area during Raman tests. The optimized 3-pointed star SH/SHL SERS substrate shows a detection limit concentration as low as 10-15 M by using only 5 µL R6G solutions, corresponding to an enhancement factor of 9.73 × 1011. Meanwhile, a relative standard deviation of 8.20% can be achieved at a concentration of 10-7 M. The research results suggest that the SH/SHL surfaces with designed patterns could be a practical approach in ultratrace molecular detections.
Collapse
|
10
|
Riccobelli D, Al-Terke HH, Laaksonen P, Metrangolo P, Paananen A, Ras RHA, Ciarletta P, Vella D. Flattened and Wrinkled Encapsulated Droplets: Shape Morphing Induced by Gravity and Evaporation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:218202. [PMID: 37295111 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.218202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report surprising morphological changes of suspension droplets (containing class II hydrophobin protein HFBI from Trichoderma reesei in water) as they evaporate with a contact line pinned on a rigid solid substrate. Both pendant and sessile droplets display the formation of an encapsulating elastic film as the bulk concentration of solute reaches a critical value during evaporation, but the morphology of the droplet varies significantly: for sessile droplets, the elastic film ultimately crumples in a nearly flattened area close to the apex while in pendant droplets, circumferential wrinkling occurs close to the contact line. These different morphologies are understood through a gravito-elastocapillary model that predicts the droplet morphology and the onset of shape changes, as well as showing that the influence of the direction of gravity remains crucial even for very small droplets (where the effect of gravity can normally be neglected). The results pave the way to control droplet shape in several engineering and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Riccobelli
- MOX-Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Hedar H Al-Terke
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Päivi Laaksonen
- HAMK Tech, Häme University of Applied Sciences, 13100 Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Arja Paananen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tekniikantie 21, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Pasquale Ciarletta
- MOX-Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dominic Vella
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo D, Xu Y, Ruan J, Tong J, Li Y, Zhai T, Song Y. Nonpolar Solvent Modulated Inkjet Printing of Nanoparticle Self-Assembly Morphologies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2208161. [PMID: 37191293 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Patterning of luminescent nanomaterials is critical in the fields of display and information encryption, and inkjet printing technology have shown remarkable significance with the advantage of fast, large-scalable and integrative. However, inkjet printing nanoparticle deposits with high-resolution and well controlled morphology from nonpolar solvent droplets is still challenging. Herein, a facile approach of nonpolar solvent modulated inkjet printing of nanoparticles self-assembly patterns driven by the shrinkage of the droplet and inner solutal convection is proposed. Through regulating the solvent composition and nanoparticle concentration, multicolor light-emissive upconversion nanoparticle self-assembly microarrays with tunable morphologies are achieved, showing the integration of designable microscale morphologies and photoluminescences for multimodal anti-counterfeit. Furthermore, inkjet printing of nanoparticles self-assembled continuous lines with adjustable morphologies by controlling the coalescence and drying of the ink droplets is achieved. The high resolution of inkjet printing microarrays and continuous lines' width < 5 and 10 µm is realized, respectively. This nonpolar solvent-modulated inkjet printing of nanoparticle deposits approach facilitates the patterning and integration of different nanomaterials, and is expected to provide a versatile platform for fabricating advanced devices applied in photonics integration, micro-LED, and near-field display.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Guo
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ruan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Tong
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Üçüncüoğlu R, Erbil HY. Water Drop Evaporation on Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS): Effect of Lubricant Thickness, Viscosity, Ridge Height, and Pattern Geometry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6514-6528. [PMID: 37103333 PMCID: PMC10173461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sessile drop evaporation and condensation on slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) is crucial for many applications. However, its modeling is complex since the infused lubricant forms a wetting ridge around the drop close to the contact line, which partially blocks the free surface area and decreases the drop evaporation rate. Although a good model was available after 2015, the effects of initial lubricant heights (hoil)i above the pattern, and the corresponding initial ridge heights (hr)i, lubricant viscosity, and solid pattern type were not well studied. This work fills this gap where water drop evaporations from SLIPS, which are obtained by infusing silicone oils (20 and 350 cSt) onto hydrophobized Si wafer micropatterns having both cylindrical and square prism pillars, are investigated under constant relative humidity and temperature conditions. With the increase of (hoil)i, the corresponding (hr)i increased almost linearly on lower parts of the drops for all SLIPS samples, resulting in slower drop evaporation rates. A novel diffusion-limited evaporation equation from SLIPS is derived depending on the available free liquid-air interfacial area, ALV, which represents the unblocked part of the total drop surface. The calculation of the diffusion constant, D, of water vapor in air from (dALV/dt) values obtained by drop evaporation was successful up to a threshold value of (hoil)i = 8 μm within ±7%, and large deviations (13-27%) were obtained when (hoil)i > 8 μm, possibly due to the formation of thin silicone oil cloaking layers on drop surfaces, which partially blocked evaporation. The increase of infused silicone oil viscosity caused only a slight increase (12-17%) in drop lifetimes. The effects of the geometry and size of the pillars on the drop evaporation rates were minimal. These findings may help optimize the lubricant oil layer thickness and viscosity used for SLIPS to achieve low operational costs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Üçüncüoğlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - H Yildirim Erbil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bamboriya OP, Tirumkudulu MS. Universality in the buckling behavior of drying suspension drops. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2605-2611. [PMID: 36947449 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01688e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fast evaporation of particle-suspension drops results in complex morphologies of the final dried granules. Understanding the morphological transformations is important to industrial processes such as spray drying where droplets of particulate suspensions are dried at a fast rate to produce granules of thermally sensitive materials. The transformation of an initial spherical shell to complex morphologies of the final dried granule has been attributed to the buckling of particle-packed shells. Here, we demonstrate a universal scaling law for buckling that depends on the particle size, hardness, particle packing and size of drying drop. The critical transition for buckling is set by a dimensionless number that measures the competition between the compressive stress generated by capillary forces and the elastic strength of the packing. The same dimensionless number is also responsible for cracking of drying colloidal films, suggesting a universality in the mechanical behaviour of particle packings saturated with a solvent. These results should enable design of hierarchically structured, buckle-free granules with varying porosity, surface composition and internal structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Bamboriya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Mahesh S Tirumkudulu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Almohammadi H, Fu Y, Mezzenga R. Evaporation-Driven Liquid-Liquid Crystalline Phase Separation in Droplets of Anisotropic Colloids. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3098-3106. [PMID: 36719319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drying a colloidal droplet involves complex physics that is often accompanied by evaporation-induced concentration gradients inside of the droplet, offering a platform for fundamental and technological opportunities, including self-assembly, thin film deposition, microfabrication, and DNA stretching. Here, we investigate the drying, liquid crystalline structures, and deposit patterns of colloidal liquid crystalline droplets undergoing liquid-liquid crystalline phase separation (LLCPS) during evaporation. We show that evaporation-induced progressive up-concentration inside the drying droplets makes it possible to cross, at different speeds, various thermodynamic stability states in solutions of amyloid fibril rigid filamentous colloids, thus allowing access to both metastable states, where phase separation occurs via nucleation and growth, as well as to unstable states, where phase separation occurs via the more elusive spinodal decomposition, leading to the formation of liquid crystalline microdroplets (or tactoids) of different shapes. We present the tactoids "phase diagram" as a function of the position within the droplet and elucidate their hydrodynamics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of the amyloid fibrils not only does not enhance the pinning behavior during droplet evaporation but also slightly suppresses it, thus minimizing the coffee-ring effect. We observed that microsize domains with cholesteric structure emerge in the drying droplet close to the droplet's initial edge, yet such domains are not connected to form a uniform cholesteric dried film. Finally, we demonstrate that a fully cholesteric dried layer can be generated from the drying droplets by regulating the kinetics of the evaporation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Almohammadi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yutong Fu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang J, Al Balushi ZY. Light-Induced Surface Tension Gradients for Hierarchical Assembly of Particles from Liquid Metals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10182-10192. [PMID: 36728152 PMCID: PMC9951180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Achieving control over the motion of dissolved particles in liquid metals is of importance for the meticulous realization of hierarchical particle assemblies in a variety of nanofabrication processes. Brownian forces can impede the motion of such particles, impacting the degree of perfection that can be realized in assembled structures. Here, we show that light-induced Marangoni flow in liquid metals (i.e., liquid-gallium) with Laguerre-Gaussian (LGpl) lasers as heating sources is an effective approach to overcome Brownian forces on particles, giving rise to predictable assemblies with a high degree of order. We show that by carefully engineering surface tension gradients in liquid-gallium using non-Gaussian LGpl lasers, the Marangoni and convective flow that develops in the fluid drives the trajectory of randomly dispersed particles to assemble into 100 μm wide ring-shaped particle assemblies. Careful control over the parameters of the LGpl laser (i.e., laser mode, spot size, and intensity of the electric field) can tune the temperature and fluid dynamics of the liquid-gallium as well as the balance of forces on the particle. This in turn can tune the structure of the ring-shaped particle assembly with a high degree of fidelity. The use of light to control the motion of particles in liquid metals represents a tunable and rapidly reconfigurable approach to spatially design surface tension gradients in fluids for more complex assembly of particles and small-scale solutes. This work can be extended to a variety of liquid metals, complementary to what has been realized in particle assembly out of ferrofluids using magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Liang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Zakaria Y. Al Balushi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prisaznuk JM, Huang P, Yong X, Chiarot PR. Probing Colloidal Assembly on Non-Axisymmetric Droplet Surfaces via Electrospray. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:469-477. [PMID: 36576303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles trapped on the surface of a sessile droplet interact via electrostatic and capillary forces. The assembly of colloids at a fluid-fluid interface is governed by particle size, surface chemistry, and contact line roughness. We created nonspherical droplets using surface energy patterning and delivered microparticles to the liquid-air interface with electrospray atomization. Using a water droplet as the target, the particle assembly was observed over time. We found that the underlying surface energy pattern significantly influenced the colloidal assembly and drove particles toward the center of the droplet. The particles were arranged into a single, non-close-packed cluster with local hexagonal ordering but left a clear region with very few particles near the contact line. This depletion region is attributed to long-range electrostatic repulsion from the photoresist used to create the surface energy pattern, which retained electric charge from the electrospray. To understand the effect of electrostatic interactions, we explored target droplets with dissimilar dielectric properties. Using patterned substrates and electrospray for particle deposition, we can harness the assembly of colloids at a fluid interface to build repeatable monolayer patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Prisaznuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York13902, United States
| | - Peter Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York13902, United States
| | - Xin Yong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York13902, United States
| | - Paul R Chiarot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York13902, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hari Govindha A, Katre P, Balusamy S, Banerjee S, Sahu KC. Counter-Intuitive Evaporation in Nanofluids Droplets due to Stick-Slip Nature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15361-15371. [PMID: 36459485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the evaporation characteristics of a sessile ethanol droplet containing Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles of sizes 25 and 75 nm on a heated substrate using shadowgraphy and infrared imaging techniques. Our results demonstrate that the droplet contact line dynamics resulting from the presence of various nanoparticles plays a dominant role in the evaporation process. This is in contrast to the widely held assumption that the enhanced evaporation rate observed in sessile nanofluid droplets is due to the higher thermal conductivity of the added nanoparticles. We observe that even though the thermal conductivity of Al2O3 is an order of magnitude lower than that of Cu, droplets containing 25-nm-sized Al2O3 exhibit pinned contact line dynamics and evaporate much more rapidly than droplets containing Cu nanoparticles of both sizes and 75 nm Al2O3 nanoparticles that exhibit stick-slip behavior. We also found that the droplets with different nanoparticles display distinct thermal patterns due to the difference in contact line behavior, which alters the heat transfer inside the droplets. We establish this counter-intuitive observation by analyzing the temporal variations of the perimeter, free surface area, and deposition patterns on the substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hari Govindha
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Pallavi Katre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Saravanan Balusamy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Sayak Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Kirti Chandra Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Hyderabad 502284, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gelderblom H, Diddens C, Marin A. Evaporation-driven liquid flow in sessile droplets. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8535-8553. [PMID: 36342336 PMCID: PMC9682619 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00931e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The evaporation of a sessile droplet spontaneously induces an internal capillary liquid flow. The surface-tension driven minimisation of surface area and/or surface-tension differences at the liquid-gas interface caused by evaporation-induced temperature or chemical gradients set the liquid into motion. This flow drags along suspended material and is one of the keys to control the material deposition in the stain that is left behind by a drying droplet. Applications of this principle range from the control of stain formation in the printing and coating industry, to the analysis of DNA, to forensic and medical research on blood stains, and to the use of evaporation-driven self-assembly for nanotechnology. Therefore, the evaporation of sessile droplets attracts an enormous interest from not only the fluid dynamics, but also the soft matter, chemistry, biology, engineering, nanotechnology and mathematics communities. As a consequence of this broad interest, knowledge on evaporation-driven flows in drying droplets has remained scattered among the different fields, leading to various misconceptions and misinterpretations. In this review we aim to unify these views, and reflect on the current understanding of evaporation-driven liquid flows in sessile droplets in the light of the most recent experimental and theoretical advances. In addition, we outline open questions and indicate promising directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Gelderblom
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.
- J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Diddens
- Physics of Fluids, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
- J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, The Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Marin
- Physics of Fluids, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
- J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li N, Shen Y, Wang X, Miao Z, Kang F, Xu J, Cheng Y. Theoretical and Numerical Studies of Liquid Lens Evaporation with Coupled Fields. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
- State Power Investment Corporation Research Institute, Beijing102209, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Zheng Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Feng Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
- China Special Vehicle Research Institute, Jingmen, Hu Bei448035, China
| | - Jinliang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Yongpan Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
- Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pikina ES, Shishkin MA, Kolegov KS, Ostrovskii BI, Pikin SA. Circulating Marangoni flows within droplets in smectic films. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:055105. [PMID: 36559366 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.055105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study and numerical simulation of Marangoni convection within ellipsoidal isotropic droplets embedded in free-standing smectic films (FSSFs). The thermocapillary flows are analyzed for both isotropic droplets spontaneously formed in FSSF overheated above the bulk smectic-isotropic transition and oil lenses deposited on the surface of the smectic film. The realistic model for which the upper drop interface is free from the smectic layers, while at the lower drop surface the smectic layering persists is considered in detail. For isotropic droplets and oil lenses this leads effectively to a sticking of fluid motion at the border with a smectic shell. The above mentioned asymmetric configuration is realized experimentally when the temperature of the upper side of the film is higher than at the lower one. The full set of stationary solutions for Stokes stream functions describing the Marangoni convection flows within the ellipsoidal drops are derived analytically. The temperature distribution in the ellipsoidal drop and the surrounding air is determined in the frame of the perturbation theory. As a result, the analytical solutions for the stationary thermocapillary convection are obtained for different droplet ellipticity ratios and the heat conductivity of the liquid crystal and air. In parallel, the numerical hydrodynamic calculations of the thermocapillary motion in drops are made. Both analytical and numerical simulations predict the axially symmetric circulatory convection motion determined by the Marangoni effect at the droplet-free surface. Due to a curvature of the drop interface a temperature gradient along its free surface always exists. Thus, the thermocapillary convection within the ellipsoidal droplets in overheated FSSF is possible for the arbitrarily small Marangoni numbers. Possible experimental observations enabling the checking of our predictions are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Pikina
- Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics of the RAS, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia.,Institute of Solid State Physics of the RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia.,Oil and Gas Research Institute of the RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Shishkin
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia.,HSE University, 101000, Moscow, Russia
| | - K S Kolegov
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia.,Astrakhan State University, 414056 Astrakhan, Russia
| | - B I Ostrovskii
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia.,FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" of the RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Pikin
- FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" of the RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Thayyil Raju L, Diddens C, Li Y, Marin A, van der Linden MN, Zhang X, Lohse D. Evaporation of a Sessile Colloidal Water-Glycerol Droplet: Marangoni Ring Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12082-12094. [PMID: 36094143 PMCID: PMC9536018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transport and aggregation of particles in suspensions is an important process in many physicochemical and industrial processes. In this work, we study the transport of particles in an evaporating binary droplet. Surprisingly, the accumulation of particles occurs not only at the contact line (due to the coffee-stain effect) or at the solid substrate (due to sedimentation) but also at a particular radial position near the liquid-air interface, forming a "ring", which we term as the Marangoni ring. The formation of this ring is primarily attributed to the solutal Marangoni flow triggered by the evaporation dynamics of the water-glycerol droplet. Experiments and simulations show fair agreement in the volume evolution and the general structure of the solutal Marangoni flow, that is, the Marangoni vortex. Experiments show that the location of the Marangoni ring is strongly correlated with the Marangoni vortex. However, finite element numerical simulations fail to describe the particle distribution seen in the experiments. Interestingly, the particles not only accumulate to form the Marangoni ring but also assemble as colloidal crystals close to the liquid-air interface, yielding iridescence. The formation of the colloidal crystals in the experiments is strong evidence that non-hydrodynamic interactions, which are not represented in the simulations, also play a significant role in our system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Thayyil Raju
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Diddens
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yaxing Li
- Institute
of Fluid Dynamics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro Marin
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein N. van der Linden
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Canon
Production Printing Netherlands B.V., 5900 MA Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, T6G 1H9 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics
of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organisation, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang XY, Li GH, Huang X, Yu YS. Evaporative Deposition of Surfactant-Laden Nanofluid Droplets over a Silicon Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11666-11674. [PMID: 36097700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Morphologies of evaporative deposition, which has been widely applied in potential fields, were induced by the competition between internal flows inside evaporating droplets. Controlling the pattern of deposition and suppressing the coffee-ring effect are essential issues of intense interest in the aspects of industrial technologies and scientific applications. Here, evaporative deposition of surfactant-laden nanofluid droplets over silicon was experimentally investigated. A ring-like deposition was formed after complete evaporation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-laden nanofluid droplets with an initial SDS concentration ranging from 0 to 1.5 CMC. In the case of initial SDS concentrations above 1.3 CMC, no cracks were observed in the ring-like deposition, indicating that the deposition patterns of nanofluid droplets could be completely changed and cracks could be eliminated by sufficient addition of SDS. With the increase of the initial concentration of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the width of the deposition ring gradually decreased until no ring-like structure was formed. On the contrary, with the increase of the initial Triton X-100 (TX-100) concentration, the width of the deposition ring gradually increased until a uniform deposition was generated. Moreover, when the initial TX-100 concentration was high, a "tree-ring-like" pattern was discovered. Besides, morphologies of evaporative pattern due to the addition of surfacants were qualitatively analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Yang
- Department of Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hao Li
- Department of Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Song Yu
- Department of Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Control of the Drying Patterns for Complex Colloidal Solutions and Their Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152600. [PMID: 35957030 PMCID: PMC9370329 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The uneven deposition at the edges of an evaporating droplet, termed the coffee-ring effect, has been extensively studied during the past few decades to better understand the underlying cause, namely the flow dynamics, and the subsequent patterns formed after drying. The non-uniform evaporation rate across the colloidal droplet hampers the formation of a uniform and homogeneous film in printed electronics, rechargeable batteries, etc., and often causes device failures. This review aims to highlight the diverse range of techniques used to alleviate the coffee-ring effect, from classic methods such as adding chemical additives, applying external sources, and manipulating geometrical configurations to recently developed advancements, specifically using bubbles, humidity, confined systems, etc., which do not involve modification of surface, particle or liquid properties. Each of these methodologies mitigates the edge deposition via multi-body interactions, for example, particle–liquid, particle-particle, particle–solid interfaces and particle–flow interactions. The mechanisms behind each of these approaches help to find methods to inhibit the non-uniform film formation, and the corresponding applications have been discussed together with a critical comparison in detail. This review could pave the way for developing inks and processes to apply in functional coatings and printed electronic devices with improved efficiency and device yield.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dewangan JK, Basu N, Chowdhury M. Scaling mechanical instabilities in drying micellar droplets. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4253-4264. [PMID: 35608257 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drying-induced mechanical instabilities in aqueous solution droplets occur primarily because, during evaporation, the central liquid minimizes the surface tension by pulling the packed gel-like region, leading to a stretching effect of the liquid region at the receding wet front. Under an appropriate scenario, it finally perturbs the gel-like zone at the droplet periphery, generating cracks, wrinkles, folds, cavities, buckles, etc. Here we report unique wrinkling patterns from evaporating sessile micellar aqueous droplets on rigid and soft substrates kept at temperatures well above the ambient. The wrinkling patterns remarkably vary depending on the material's elastic modulus and substrate, the concentration of the micellar solution (CCTAB), and the substrate temperature (TS). In the low concentration regime (CCTAB ≤ 0.0364 wt%), coffee-ring-like morphologies are observed devoid of any wrinkling morphology irrespective of TS and the substrate's elastic modulus. In the high initial concentration regime (CCTAB ≥ 0.0364 wt%), for droplets deposited at TS ≥ 85 °C, wrinkle formation starts at the droplet peripheral zone, radial on the stiff glass substrate, and annular on the soft cross-linked PDMS substrate. At CCTAB ≥ 2.73 wt%, radial wrinkles on the glass substrate and annular wrinkles on the cross-linked PDMS substrate nucleate from the edges connecting to the central region of the deposit. The ratio between the width of the gel-like deposit (or wrinkle length) and the droplet's radius scales with the initial concentration of the surfactant and depends on the initial equilibrium contact angle of the micellar droplets. Our results support existing understandings of mechanical instabilities of dried deposits, which satisfies interdependent scaling relationships among their number, lengthscale (dried deposit radius, the wavelength of the wrinkles, and peripheral undulations from Rayleigh-Bénard instability), thickness, and elastic modulus. Interestingly, we found substrate-dependent antagonistic interdependence of the elastic modulus of the dried deposit with the initial surfactant concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayant K Dewangan
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Nandita Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Lab of Soft Interfaces, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
He M, Yang Y, Mei M, Qiu H. Droplet Evaporation Dynamics on Hydrophobic Network Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6395-6403. [PMID: 35544411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification, such as hydrophobic network modification, is very promising technology to control droplet dynamics, heat transfer, and evaporation. However, fundamental mechanisms of how these chemically patterned surfaces affect the droplet evaporation dynamics and predictions of evaporation rates are still lacking. In the present work, we systematically investigated the full process of droplet evaporation dynamics on hydrophobic network surfaces and distinguished four different stages: constant contact line (CCL) stage, constant contact angle (CCA) stage, pattern-pinning (PP) stage, and moving contact line (MCL) stage. We further developed a general model considering the pinning and depinning forces to accurately predict the evaporation transition from PP to MCL stages (i.e., critical receding contact angle, θcr). As for the influence of the chemically patterned surface on the evaporation rate, a corrected contact line length was considered and combined with the well-known Rowan and Erbil's models. Finally, a general model was thus proposed and showed successful predictions for the evaporation durations of each stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghao He
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yinchuang Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huihe Qiu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Versatile strategy for homogeneous drying patterns of dispersed particles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2840. [PMID: 35606364 PMCID: PMC9126951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After spilling coffee, a tell-tale stain is left by the drying droplet. This universal phenomenon, known as the coffee ring effect, is observed independent of the dispersed material. However, for many technological processes such as coating techniques and ink-jet printing a uniform particle deposition is required and the coffee ring effect is a major drawback. Here, we present a simple and versatile strategy to achieve homogeneous drying patterns using surface-modified particle dispersions. High-molecular weight surface-active polymers that physisorb onto the particle surfaces provide enhanced steric stabilization and prevent accumulation and pinning at the droplet edge. In addition, in the absence of free polymer in the dispersion, the surface modification strongly enhances the particle adsorption to the air/liquid interface, where they experience a thermal Marangoni backflow towards the apex of the drop, leading to uniform particle deposition after drying. The method is independent of particle shape and applicable to a variety of commercial pigment particles and different dispersion media, demonstrating the practicality of this work for everyday processes. Coating technologies call for effective methods capable of suppressing the coffee-ring effect for a uniform particle deposition. Rey et al. show homogeneous drying patterns can be achieved via physically adsorbing polymers onto particle surfaces and the method is applicable to a wide range of materials regardless of the shape of the dispersed particles.
Collapse
|
27
|
Use of Heating Configuration to Control Marangoni Circulation during Droplet Evaporation. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work presents a numerical study of the evaporation of a sessile liquid droplet deposited on a substrate and subjected to different heating configurations. The physical formulation accounts for evaporation, the Marangoni effect, conductive transfer in the support, radiative heating, and diffusion–convection in the droplet itself. The moving interface is solved using the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. Simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics. Different configurations were performed to investigate the effect of the heating conditions on the shape and intensity of the Marangoni circulations. A droplet can be heated by the substrate (different natures and thicknesses were tested) and/or by a heat flux supplied at the top of the droplet. The results show that the Marangoni flow can be controlled by the heating configuration. An upward Marangoni flow was obtained for a heated substrate and a downward Marangoni flow for a flux imposed at the top of the droplet. Using both heat sources generated two vortices with an upward flow from the bottom and a downward flow from the top. The position of the stagnation zone depended on the respective intensities of the heating fluxes. Controlling the circulation in the droplet might have interesting applications, such as the control of the deposition of microparticles in suspension in the liquid, the deposition of the solved constituent, and the enhancement of the evaporation rate.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang X, Wu M, Doi M, Man X. Evaporation Dynamics of Sessile Droplets: The Intricate Coupling of Capillary, Evaporation, and Marangoni Flow. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4887-4893. [PMID: 35426692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A single-component droplet placed on a completely wetting substrate shows a pseudostable apparent contact angle (θapp) during evaporation. We propose a simple theory to explain the phenomenon accounting for the liquid evaporation and the internal flow induced by the capillary and Marangoni effects. The theory predicts that when evaporation starts, the contact angle approaches to θapp in a short time τs, remains constant for most of the time of evaporation, and finally increases rapidly when the droplet size becomes very small. This explains the behavior observed for alkane droplets. Analytical expressions are given for the apparent contact angle θapp and the relaxation time τs, which predict how they change when the evaporation rate, droplet size, and other experimental parameters such as thermal conductivity of the substrate are changed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Yang
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - MengMeng Wu
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Masao Doi
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xingkun Man
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Feng J, Qiu Y, Jiang L, Wu Y. Long-Range-Ordered Assembly of Micro-/Nanostructures at Superwetting Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106857. [PMID: 34908188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On-chip integration of solution-processable materials imposes stringent and simultaneous requirements of controlled nucleation and growth, tunable geometry and dimensions, and long-range-ordered assembly, which is challenging in solution process far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Superwetting interfaces, underpinned by programmable surface chemistry and topography, are promising for steering transport, dewetting, and microfluid dynamics of liquids, thus opening a new paradigm for micro-/nanostructure assembly in solution process. Herein, assembly methods on the basis of superwetting interfaces are reviewed for constructing long-range-ordered micro-/nanostructures. Confined capillary liquids, including capillary bridges and capillary corner menisci realized by controlling local wettability and surface topography, are highlighted for simultaneously attained deterministic patterning and long-range order. The versatility and robustness of confined capillary liquids are discussed with assembly of single-crystalline micro-/nanostructures of organic semiconductors, metal-halide perovskites, and colloidal-nanoparticle superlattices, which lead to enhanced device performances and exotic functionalities. Finally, a perspective for promising directions in this realm is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hu TY, Wang C, Yang KC, Chen LJ. Gravity effect of silica and polystyrene particles on deposition pattern control and particle size distribution on hydrophobic surfaces. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
31
|
Asim M, Siddiqui FR. Hybrid Nanofluids-Next-Generation Fluids for Spray-Cooling-Based Thermal Management of High-Heat-Flux Devices. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030507. [PMID: 35159852 PMCID: PMC8839465 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, technical advancements in high-heat-flux devices (such as high power density and increased output performance) have led to immense heat dissipation levels that may not be addressed by traditional thermal fluids. High-heat-flux devices generally dissipate heat in a range of 100–1000 W/cm2 and are used in various applications, such as data centers, electric vehicles, microelectronics, X-ray machines, super-computers, avionics, rocket nozzles and laser diodes. Despite several benefits offered by efficient spray-cooling systems, such as uniform cooling, no hotspot formation, low thermal contact resistance and high heat transfer rates, they may not fully address heat dissipation challenges in modern high-heat-flux devices due to the limited cooling capacity of existing thermal fluids (such as water and dielectric fluids). Therefore, in this review, a detailed perspective is presented on fundamental hydrothermal properties, along with the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the next-generation thermal fluid, that is, the hybrid nanofluid. At the end of this review, the spray-cooling potential of the hybrid nanofluid for thermal management of high-heat-flux devices is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim
- School of Professional Education & Executive Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 100077, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3746-0622
| | - Farooq Riaz Siddiqui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 100077, China;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yoshioka J, Sakikawa T, Ito Y, Fukao K. Marangoni convection driven by temperature gradient near an isotropic-nematic phase transition point. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:L012701. [PMID: 35193218 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.l012701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marangoni flow driven by a temperature gradient was observed near the isotropic-nematic phase transition point. By applying the gradient to a liquid crystalline material in sandwich cells, it was possible to measure the flow field near the air interface using the photobleaching method. In the isotropic phase, the direction of the observed flow was opposite to that in the nematic phase. Moreover, when the measurement was performed in the coexistence state of these phases, the flow direction depended on the coating materials of the cell substrates. These singular flow properties are explained well by the singular changes in surface tension and the shape of the air interface near the transition point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshioka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-5877, Japan
| | - Tasuku Sakikawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-5877, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-5877, Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-5877, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Controlling Droplet Marangoni Flows to Improve Microscopy-Based TB Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112155. [PMID: 34829502 PMCID: PMC8618690 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, the most common diagnostic method for tuberculosis (TB) is microscopic examination sputum smears. Current assessment requires time-intensive inspection across the microscope slide area, and this contributes to its poor diagnostic sensitivity of ≈50%. Spatially concentrating TB bacteria in a smaller area is one potential approach to improve visual detection and potentially increase sensitivity. We hypothesized that a combination of magnetic concentration and induced droplet Marangoni flow would spatially concentrate Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the slide surface by preferential deposition of beads and TB–bead complexes in the center of an evaporating droplet. To this end, slide substrate and droplet solvent thermal conductivities and solvent surface tension, variables known to impact microfluidic flow patterns in evaporating droplets, were varied to select the most appropriate slide surface coating. Optimization in a model system used goniometry, optical coherence tomography, and microscope images of the final deposition pattern to observe the droplet flows and maximize central deposition of 1 μm fluorescent polystyrene particles and 200 nm nanoparticles (NPs) in 2 μL droplets. Rain-X® polysiloxane glass coating was identified as the best substrate material, with a PBS-Tween droplet solvent. The use of smaller, 200 nm magnetic NPs instead of larger 1 μm beads allowed for bright field imaging of bacteria. Using these optimized components, we compared standard smear methods to the Marangoni-based spatial concentration system, which was paired with magnetic enrichment using iron oxide NPs, isolating M. bovis BCG (BCG) from samples containing 0 and 103 to 106 bacilli/mL. Compared to standard smear preparation, paired analysis demonstrated a combined volumetric and spatial sample enrichment of 100-fold. With further refinement, this magnetic/Marangoni flow concentration approach is expected to improve whole-pathogen microscopy-based diagnosis of TB and other infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
34
|
Rasheed A, Sharma S, Kabi P, Saha A, Chaudhuri S, Basu S. Precipitation dynamics of surrogate respiratory sessile droplets leading to possible fomites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 600:1-13. [PMID: 34022720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The droplets ejected from an infected host during expiratory events can get deposited as fomites on everyday use surfaces. Recognizing that these fomites can be a secondary route for disease transmission, exploring the deposition pattern of such sessile respiratory droplets on daily-use substrates thus becomes crucial. EXPERIMENTS The used surrogate respiratory fluid is composed of a water-based salt-protein solution, and its precipitation dynamics is studied on four different substrates (glass, ceramic, steel, and PET). For tracking the final deposition of viruses in these droplets, 100 nm virus emulating particles (VEP) are used and their distribution in dried-out patterns is identified using fluorescence and SEM imaging techniques. FINDINGS The final precipitation pattern and VEP deposition strongly depend on the interfacial transport processes, edge evaporation, and crystallization dynamics. A constant contact radius mode of evaporation with a mixture of capillary and Marangoni flows results in spatio-temporally varying edge deposits. Dendritic and cruciform-shaped crystals are majorly seen in all substrates except on steel, where regular cubical crystals are formed. The VEP deposition is higher near the three-phase contact line and crystal surfaces. The results showed the role of interfacial processes in determining the initiation of fomite-type infection pathways in the context of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rasheed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, KA 560012, India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, KA 560012, India
| | - Prasenjit Kabi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, KA 560012, India
| | - Abhishek Saha
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Swetaprovo Chaudhuri
- Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T6, Canada
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, KA 560012, India; Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, KA 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Majee S, Chowdhury AR, Pinto R, Chattopadhyay A, Agharkar AN, Chakravortty D, Basu S. Spatiotemporal evaporating droplet dynamics on fomites enhances long term bacterial pathogenesis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1173. [PMID: 34625643 PMCID: PMC8501104 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally drying bacterial droplets on inanimate surfaces representing fomites are the most consequential mode for transmitting infection through oro-fecal route. We provide a multiscale holistic approach to understand flow dynamics induced bacterial pattern formation on fomites leading to pathogenesis. The most virulent gut pathogen, Salmonella Typhimurium (STM), typically found in contaminated food and water, is used as model system in the current study. Evaporation-induced flow in sessile droplets facilitates the transport of STM, forming spatio-temporally varying bacterial deposition patterns based on droplet medium's nutrient scale. Mechanical and low moisture stress in the drying process reduced bacterial viability but interestingly induced hyper-proliferation of STM in macrophages, thereby augmenting virulence in fomites. In vivo studies of fomites in mice confirm that STM maintains enhanced virulence. This work demonstrates that stressed bacterial deposit morphologies formed over small timescale (minutes) on organic and inorganic surfaces, plays a significant role in enhancing fomite's pathogenesis over hours and days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreeparna Majee
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Atish Roy Chowdhury
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Roven Pinto
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Ankur Chattopadhyay
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Amey Nitin Agharkar
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India ,grid.34980.360000 0001 0482 5067Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hegde O, Basu S. Spatio-temporal modulation of self-assembled central aggregates of buoyant colloids in sessile droplets using vapor mediated interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 598:136-146. [PMID: 33895535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A functional sessile droplet containing buoyant colloids (ubiquitous in applications like chemical sensors, drug delivery systems, and nanoreactors) forms self-assembled aggregates. The particles initially dispersed over the entire drop-flocculates at the center. We attribute the formation of such aggregates to the finite radius of curvature of the drop and the buoyant nature of particles. Initially, larger particles rise to the top of the droplet (due to higher buoyancy force), and later the smaller particles join the league, leading to the graded size distribution of the central aggregate. This can be used to segregate polydisperse hollow spheres based on size. The proposed scaling analysis unveils insights into the distinctive particle transport during evaporation. However, the formation of prominent aggregates can be detrimental in applications like spray painting, sprinkling of pesticides, washing, coating, lubrication, etc. One way to avoid the central aggregate is to spread the droplets completely (contact angle ~ 00), thus theoretically creating an infinite radius of curvature leading to uniform deposition of buoyant particles. Practically, this requires a highly hydrophilic surface, and even a small inhomogeneity on the surface would pin the droplet giving it a finite radius of curvature. Here, we demonstrate using non-intrusive vapor mediated Marangoni convection (Velocity scale ~ O(103) higher than the evaporation-driven convection) can be vital to an efficient and on-demand manipulation of the suspended micro-objects. The interplay of surface tension and buoyancy force results in the transformation of flow inside the droplet leads to spatiotemporal disbanding of agglomeration at the center of the droplet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Hegde
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Logesh Kumar P, Thampi SP, Basavaraj MG. Patterns from drops drying on inclined substrates. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7670-7681. [PMID: 34319344 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The coffee ring effect results from the migration of particles in a drying particle laden drop and their subsequent deposition at the three phase contact line. The evaporative flux during the drying of sessile drops and the spatial distribution of particles in the coffee ring patterns exhibit azimuthal symmetry. It is possible to break this symmetry with the help of gravity by simply manipulating the inclination of the substrate on which the colloidal droplet undergoes drying. However, the effect of particle size, substrate wettability and inclination angle on the extent of asymmetry in the spatial distribution of particles over the deposit patterns has not been explored and is the subject of the current work. Our experiments on the drying of aqueous dispersions of polystyrene particles show that (i) asymmetry in the deposition of particles is observed irrespective of the diameter of the dispersed particles in the drying drop (ii) the degree of asymmetry increases with a decrease in wettability of the drop on the substrate and (iii) it is a non-monotonic function of the inclination angle of the substrate. These results indicate the possibility of additional particle transport mechanisms working in tandem with evaporation driven capillary flows and demand further investigation of the physics of pattern formation in drops drying on oriented substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Logesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer Engineering and Colloid Sciences Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mulka R, Kujawska A, Zajączkowski B, Mancin S, Buschmann M. Drying silica-nanofluid droplets. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Díaz D, Nickel O, Moraga N, Catalán RE, Retamal MJ, Zelada H, Cisternas M, Meißner R, Huber P, Corrales TP, Volkmann UG. How water wets and self-hydrophilizes nanopatterns of physisorbed hydrocarbons. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 606:57-66. [PMID: 34388573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Weakly bound, physisorbed hydrocarbons could in principle provide a similar water-repellency as obtained by chemisorption of strongly bound hydrophobic molecules at surfaces. EXPERIMENTS Here we present experiments and computer simulations on the wetting behaviour of water on molecularly thin, self-assembled alkane carpets of dotriacontane (n-C32H66 or C32) physisorbed on the hydrophilic native oxide layer of silicon surfaces during dip-coating from a binary alkane solution. By changing the dip-coating velocity we control the initial C32 surface coverage and achieve distinct film morphologies, encompassing homogeneous coatings with self-organised nanopatterns that range from dendritic nano-islands to stripes. FINDINGS These patterns exhibit a good water wettability even though the carpets are initially prepared with a high coverage of hydrophobic alkane molecules. Using in-liquid atomic force microscopy, along with molecular dynamics simulations, we trace this to a rearrangement of the alkane layers upon contact with water. This restructuring is correlated to the morphology of the C32 coatings, i.e. their fractal dimension. Water molecules displace to a large extent the first adsorbed alkane monolayer and thereby reduce the hydrophobic C32 surface coverage. Thus, our experiments evidence that water molecules can very effectively hydrophilize initially hydrophobic surfaces that consist of weakly bound hydrocarbon carpets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Díaz
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ole Nickel
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Polymers and Composites, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolás Moraga
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Rodrigo E Catalán
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - María José Retamal
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Hugo Zelada
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cisternas
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Robert Meißner
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Polymers and Composites, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Surface Science, 21494 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Centre for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, 22603 Hamburg, Germany; University of Hamburg, Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures CHyN, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tomas P Corrales
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Ulrich G Volkmann
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados (CIEN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shiri S, Sinha S, Baumgartner DA, Cira NJ. Thermal Marangoni Flow Impacts the Shape of Single Component Volatile Droplets on Thin, Completely Wetting Substrates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:024502. [PMID: 34296921 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.024502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite surface energies dictating complete wetting, it has been classically observed that volatile alkanes do not spread completely on glass substrates, and faster evaporation rates lead to higher contact angles. Here we investigate how substrate thickness influences this behavior. For sufficiently thin substrates, we find alkanes evaporate slower and display higher apparent contact angles, at odds with the typical explanations involving just evaporation, capillarity, and viscous dissipation. We derive the droplet temperature distribution and use it as part of a criteria to show that thermal Marangoni contraction plays a significant role in establishing droplet shape on thin substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shiri
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Shayandev Sinha
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | - Nate J Cira
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pahlavan AA, Yang L, Bain CD, Stone HA. Evaporation of Binary-Mixture Liquid Droplets: The Formation of Picoliter Pancakelike Shapes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:024501. [PMID: 34296918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.024501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small multicomponent droplets are of increasing importance in a plethora of technological applications ranging from the fabrication of self-assembled hierarchical patterns to the design of autonomous fluidic systems. While often far away from equilibrium, involving complex and even chaotic flow fields, it is commonly assumed that in these systems with small drops surface tension keeps the shapes spherical. Here, studying picoliter volatile binary-mixture droplets of isopropanol and 2-butanol, we show that the dominance of surface tension forces at small scales can play a dual role: Minute variations in surface tension along the interface can create Marangoni flows that are strong enough to significantly deform the drop, forming micron-thick pancakelike shapes that are otherwise typical of large puddles. We identify the conditions under which these flattened shapes form and explain why, universally, they relax back to a spherical-cap shape toward the end of drop lifetime. We further show that the formation of pancakelike droplets suppresses the "coffee-ring" effect and leads to uniform deposition of suspended particles. The quantitative agreement between theory and experiment provides a predictive capability to modulate the shape of tiny droplets with implications in a range of technologies from fabrication of miniature optical lenses to coating, printing, and pattern deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Pahlavan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Lisong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D Bain
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Andalib S, Taira K, Kavehpour HP. Data-driven time-dependent state estimation for interfacial fluid mechanics in evaporating droplets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13579. [PMID: 34193897 PMCID: PMC8245485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet evaporation plays crucial roles in biodiagnostics, microfabrication, and inkjet printing. Experimentally studying the evolution of a sessile droplet consisting of two or more components needs sophisticated equipment to control the vast parameter space affecting the physical process. On the other hand, the non-axisymmetric nature of the problem, attributed to compositional perturbations, introduces challenges to numerical methods. In this work, droplet evaporation problem is studied from a new perspective. We analyze a sessile methanol droplet evolution through data-driven classification and regression techniques. The models are trained using experimental data of methanol droplet evolution under various environmental humidity levels and substrate temperatures. At higher humidity levels, the interfacial tension and subsequently contact angle increase due to higher water uptake into droplet. Therefore, different regimes of evolution are observed due to adsorption-absorption and possible condensation of water which turns the droplet from a single component into a binary system. In this work, machine learning and data-driven techniques are utilized to estimate the regime of droplet evaporation, the time evolution of droplet base diameter and contact angle, and level of surrounding humidity. Droplet regime is estimated by classification algorithms through point-by-point analysis of droplet profile. Decision tree demonstrates a better performance compared to Naïve Bayes (NB) classifier. Additionally, the level of surrounding humidity, as well as the time evolution of droplet base diameter and contact angle, are estimated by regression algorithms. The estimation results show promising performance for four cases of methanol droplet evolution under conditions unseen by the model, demonstrating the model's capability to capture the complex physics underlying binary droplet evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Andalib
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Kunihiko Taira
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - H Pirouz Kavehpour
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kochan K, Bedolla DE, Perez-Guaita D, Adegoke JA, Chakkumpulakkal Puthan Veettil T, Martin M, Roy S, Pebotuwa S, Heraud P, Wood BR. Infrared Spectroscopy of Blood. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:611-646. [PMID: 33331179 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820985856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of infectious diseases in the twenty-first century created an urgent need for point-of-care diagnostics. Critical shortages in reagents and testing kits have had a large impact on the ability to test patients with a suspected parasitic, bacteria, fungal, and viral infections. New point-of-care tests need to be highly sensitive, specific, and easy to use and provide results in rapid time. Infrared spectroscopy, coupled to multivariate and machine learning algorithms, has the potential to meet this unmet demand requiring minimal sample preparation to detect both pathogenic infectious agents and chronic disease markers in blood. This focal point article will highlight the application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to detect disease markers in blood focusing principally on parasites, bacteria, viruses, cancer markers, and important analytes indicative of disease. Methodologies and state-of-the-art approaches will be reported and potential confounding variables in blood analysis identified. The article provides an up to date review of the literature on blood diagnosis using infrared spectroscopy highlighting the recent advances in this burgeoning field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kochan
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana E Bedolla
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Perez-Guaita
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Adegoke
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Miguela Martin
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Supti Roy
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Savithri Pebotuwa
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Heraud
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bayden R Wood
- 2541Monash University - Centre for Biospectroscopy, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ding Z, Liu D, Zhao K, Han Y. Optimizing Morphology to Trade Off Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties of Stretchable Conjugated Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The Lifetimes of Evaporating Sessile Droplets of Water Can Be Strongly Influenced by Thermal Effects. FLUIDS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids6040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the thermal properties of the system on the lifetime of an evaporating sessile droplet of water is analysed using a fully coupled model which involves determining the temperature of the droplet, the substrate and the atmosphere. The evolutions, and hence the lifetimes, of droplets of water evaporating in both of the extreme modes are calculated. In particular, it is shown how the lifetimes of droplets of water can be strongly influenced by thermal effects. Droplets with larger initial contact angles or on less conductive substrates generally have longer lifetimes than those with smaller initial contact angles or on more conductive substrates, and the physical mechanism by which the thermal properties of the system influence the evaporation can be understood in terms of the thermal anchoring between the droplet and the lower surface of the substrate.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ahmadian-Yazdi MR, Eslamian M. Effect of Marangoni Convection on the Perovskite Thin Liquid Film Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2596-2606. [PMID: 33586976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent advances in the development of thin-film perovskite solar cells, the evaporation and deposition of a perovskite thin liquid film on a hydrophilic substrate, also in some cases subjected to ultrasonic vibrations, are studied in this paper. In practice, in the literature, the complexity of the underlying phenomenon has led to the study of a thick (macroscale) liquid film in the absence of solidification. Here, we investigate evaporation mechanics of a thin (microscale) liquid film of perovskite solution. We demonstrate flow fields within the film and study the reason behind the formation of such flow patterns within a thin liquid film and attribute such flows to surface-tension-induced Marangoni flows and rule out the possibility of the presence of buoyancy-induced Rayleigh-Benard convection. We show that perovskite deposition starts at the film contact lines and propagates toward the film center, creating two regions of the perovskite film with distinct characteristics. Our thermography results (temperature mapping) of the film surface show agreement between the temperature map and the flow patterns on the film surface. Moreover, we show that imposing ultrasonic vibration on an evaporating liquid film results in a more uniformly distributed flow pattern across the film due to micromixing enhancement achieved by ultrasonic vibrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Eslamian
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Misyura S, Egorov R, Morozov V, Zaitsev A. Emergence and breakup of a cluster of ordered microparticles during the interaction of thermocapillary and thermogravitational convection. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
Josyula T, Mahapatra PS, Pattamatta A. Insights into the evolution of the thermal field in evaporating sessile pure water drops. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
49
|
Egorov R, Misyura S, Morozov V, Zaitsev A. Self-organization of TiO2 microparticles on the surface of a thin liquid layer due to local heating and the formation of convective cells. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
50
|
|