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Ortega-Martínez P, Nikkanen L, Wey LT, Florencio FJ, Allahverdiyeva Y, Díaz-Troya S. Glycogen synthesis prevents metabolic imbalance and disruption of photosynthetic electron transport from photosystem II during transition to photomixotrophy in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38706429 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Some cyanobacteria can grow photoautotrophically or photomixotrophically by using simultaneously CO2 and glucose. The switch between these trophic modes and the role of glycogen, their main carbon storage macromolecule, was investigated. We analysed the effect of glucose addition on the physiology, metabolic and photosynthetic state of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and mutants lacking phosphoglucomutase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, with limitations in glycogen synthesis. Glycogen acted as a metabolic buffer: glucose addition increased growth and glycogen reserves in the wild-type (WT), but arrested growth in the glycogen synthesis mutants. Already 30 min after glucose addition, metabolites from the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate shunt increased threefold more in the glycogen synthesis mutants than the WT. These alterations substantially affected the photosynthetic performance of the glycogen synthesis mutants, as O2 evolution and CO2 uptake were both impaired. We conclude that glycogen synthesis is essential during transitions to photomixotrophy to avoid metabolic imbalance that induces inhibition of electron transfer from PSII and subsequently accumulation of reactive oxygen species, loss of PSII core proteins, and cell death. Our study lays foundations for optimising photomixotrophy-based biotechnologies through understanding the coordination of the crosstalk between photosynthetic electron transport and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ortega-Martínez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Laura T Wey
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Francisco J Florencio
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Sandra Díaz-Troya
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
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2
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Kanwal S, De-Eknamkul W. A Non-functional γ-Aminobutyric Acid Shunt Pathway in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Enhances δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Accumulation under Modified Nutrient Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021213. [PMID: 36674729 PMCID: PMC9864891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To redirect carbon flux from the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt to the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic pathway, we disrupted the GABA shunt route of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by inactivating Gdc, the gene-encoding glutamate decarboxylase. The generated ΔGdc strain exhibited lower intracellular GABA and higher ALA levels than the wild-type (WT) one. The ΔGdc strain’s ALA levels were ~2.8 times higher than those of the WT one when grown with levulinic acid (LA), a competitive inhibitor of porphobilinogen synthase. Abiotic stress conditions including salinity induced by 10 mM NaCl and cold at 4 °C increased the ALA levels in ΔGdc up to ~2.5 and 5 ng g−1 cell DW, respectively. The highest ALA production in the ΔGdc cyanobacteria grown in BG11 medium was triggered by glucose induction, followed by glutamate supplementation with 60 mM of LA, thereby resulting in ~360 ng g−1 cell DW of ALA, that is >300-fold higher ALA accumulation than that observed in ΔGdc cyanobacteria grown in normal medium. Increased levels of the gdhA (involved in the interconversion of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate) and the hemA (a major regulatory target of the ALA biosynthetic pathway) transcripts occurred in ΔGdc cyanobacteria grown under modified growth conditions. Our study provides critical insight into the facilitation of ALA production in cyanobacteria.
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3
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Xu W, Wang Y. Post-translational Modifications of Serine/Threonine and Histidine Kinases and Their Roles in Signal Transductions in Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:687-716. [PMID: 33159456 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a popular model organism for researches in photosynthesis and biofuel production, contains plant-like photosynthetic machineries which significantly contribute to global carbon fixation. There are 12 eukaryotic-type Ser/Thr kinases (SpkA-L) and 49 His kinases (Hik1-49) of two-component systems in the genome of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. They are the key regulators in sensing and transmitting stimuli including light- and glucose-mediate signal transduction. Proteomic studies were able to identify all the kinases. The majority of kinases no matter whether they have a predicted transmembrane domain were identified in the membrane fractions. Six Ser/Thr kinases (SpkA-D, F and G) and ten His kinases (Hik4, 12, 14, 21, 26-27, 29, 36, 43, and 46) were identified to have one or more of the three types of post-translational modifications: phosphorylation, acetylation, and thiol oxidation. Interestingly, SpkG has the phosphorylatable threonine residue that was aligned with the phosphorylated threonine residue in the activation loop of human CDK7, demonstrating conserved phosphorylation between cyanobacterial and human kinases. Transcriptomics and proteomics revealed differential expression of the kinases in heterotrophic and photoheterotrophic compared with photoautotrophic conditions, indicating their roles in regulating the growth modes of cyanobacteria. In summary, this review focuses on the discussions on post-transcriptional modifications, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies of Ser/Thr and His kinases. This together with our published review in 2019 present a complete story of an overview of sequences, domain architectures, and biochemical and physiological functions of cyanobacterial kinases with adequate details in the context of high throughput systems. We also emphasize the importance of discovering upstream molecules and substrates to understand the exact functions of the kinases in vivo. As an attempt, a model is proposed in which Hik31, His33, Sll1334, and IcfG are hypothesized to be critical for switching between autotrophic and heterotrophic modes based on the results from the phenotypes of the gene knockout strains combined with their post-translational modifications, and gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Rd, Beijing, 100101, China.
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4
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Solymosi D, Nikkanen L, Muth-Pawlak D, Fitzpatrick D, Vasudevan R, Howe CJ, Lea-Smith DJ, Allahverdiyeva Y. Cytochrome c M Decreases Photosynthesis under Photomixotrophy in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:700-716. [PMID: 32317358 PMCID: PMC7271781 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Photomixotrophy is a metabolic state that enables photosynthetic microorganisms to simultaneously perform photosynthesis and metabolism of imported organic carbon substrates. This process is complicated in cyanobacteria, since many, including Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, conduct photosynthesis and respiration in an interlinked thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. Under photomixotrophy, the cell must therefore tightly regulate electron fluxes from photosynthetic and respiratory complexes. In this study, we demonstrate, via characterization of photosynthetic apparatus and the proteome, that photomixotrophic growth results in a gradual inhibition of QA - reoxidation in wild-type Synechocystis, which largely decreases photosynthesis over 3 d of growth. This process is circumvented by deleting the gene encoding cytochrome c M (CytM), a cryptic c-type heme protein widespread in cyanobacteria. The ΔCytM strain maintained active photosynthesis over the 3-d period, demonstrated by high photosynthetic O2 and CO2 fluxes and effective yields of PSI and PSII. Overall, this resulted in a higher growth rate compared to that of the wild type, which was maintained by accumulation of proteins involved in phosphate and metal uptake, and cofactor biosynthetic enzymes. While the exact role of CytM has not been determined, a mutant deficient in the thylakoid-localized respiratory terminal oxidases and CytM (ΔCox/Cyd/CytM) displayed a phenotype similar to that of ΔCytM under photomixotrophy. This, in combination with other physiological data, and in contrast to a previous hypothesis, suggests that CytM does not transfer electrons to these complexes. In summary, our data suggest that CytM may have a regulatory role in photomixotrophy by modulating the photosynthetic capacity of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solymosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Dorota Muth-Pawlak
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Duncan Fitzpatrick
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Ravendran Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - David J Lea-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
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5
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Chen Q, Arents J, Schuurmans JM, Ganapathy S, de Grip WJ, Cheregi O, Funk C, dos Santos FB, Hellingwerf KJ. Combining retinal-based and chlorophyll-based (oxygenic) photosynthesis: Proteorhodopsin expression increases growth rate and fitness of a ∆PSI strain of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Metab Eng 2019; 52:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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The Transcriptional Cycle Is Suited to Daytime N 2 Fixation in the Unicellular Cyanobacterium " Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa" (UCYN-A). mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02495-18. [PMID: 30602582 PMCID: PMC6315102 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02495-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic N2-fixing cyanobacterium UCYN-A, which is closely related to Braarudosphaera bigelowii, and its eukaryotic algal host have been shown to be globally distributed and important in open-ocean N2 fixation. These unique cyanobacteria have reduced metabolic capabilities, even lacking genes for oxygenic photosynthesis and carbon fixation. Cyanobacteria generally use energy from photosynthesis for nitrogen fixation but require mechanisms for avoiding inactivation of the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase enzyme by ambient oxygen (O2) or the O2 evolved through photosynthesis. This study showed that symbiosis between the N2-fixing cyanobacterium UCYN-A and its eukaryotic algal host has led to adaptation of its daily gene expression pattern in order to enable daytime aerobic N2 fixation, which is likely more energetically efficient than fixing N2 at night, as found in other unicellular marine cyanobacteria. Symbiosis between a marine alga and a N2-fixing cyanobacterium (Cyanobacterium UCYN-A) is geographically widespread in the oceans and is important in the marine N cycle. UCYN-A is uncultivated and is an unusual unicellular cyanobacterium because it lacks many metabolic functions, including oxygenic photosynthesis and carbon fixation, which are typical in cyanobacteria. It is now presumed to be an obligate symbiont of haptophytes closely related to Braarudosphaera bigelowii. N2-fixing cyanobacteria use different strategies to avoid inhibition of N2 fixation by the oxygen evolved in photosynthesis. Most unicellular cyanobacteria temporally separate the two incompatible activities by fixing N2 only at night, but, surprisingly, UCYN-A appears to fix N2 during the day. The goal of this study was to determine how the unicellular UCYN-A strain coordinates N2 fixation and general metabolism compared to other marine cyanobacteria. We found that UCYN-A has distinct daily cycles of many genes despite the fact that it lacks two of the three circadian clock genes found in most cyanobacteria. We also found that the transcription patterns in UCYN-A are more similar to those in marine cyanobacteria that are capable of aerobic N2 fixation in the light, such as Trichodesmium and heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria, than to those in Crocosphaera or Cyanothece species, which are more closely related to unicellular marine cyanobacteria evolutionarily. Our findings suggest that the symbiotic interaction has resulted in a shift of transcriptional regulation to coordinate UCYN-A metabolism with that of the phototrophic eukaryotic host, thus allowing efficient coupling of N2 fixation (by the cyanobacterium) to the energy obtained from photosynthesis (by the eukaryotic unicellular alga) in the light.
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7
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Ge H, Fang L, Huang X, Wang J, Chen W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Sui N, Xu W, He Q, Wang Y. Activation of the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway is Critical for Photomixotrophic Growth of a hik33-Deletion Mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800046. [PMID: 30194912 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The histidine kinase Hik33 plays a central role in acclimation to changing environments in cyanobacteria. Deletion of hik33 induces a strong stress-like response in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) as represented by repressed photoautotrophic growth and photosynthesis, and differential expression of stress-responsive proteins. In contrast, the photomixotrophic growth of the hik33-deletion mutant (Δhik33) with glucose as the exogenous carbon source is only marginally repressed. To investigate how glucose rescues the growth of Δhik33, the proteomes of the photomixotrophically growing wild-type (WT) and the mutant strains of Synechocystis are quantitatively analyzed. It is found that glucose induces upregulation of the oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway. Depletion of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), which catalyzes the first and the rate-limiting step of the OPP pathway, significantly inhibits the photomixotrophic growth of Δhik33 but not of the WT. The result suggests that the OPP pathway, which is usually nonfunctional in the photomixotrophically growing WT, plays a major role in the photomixotrophic growth of Δhik33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Longfa Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuanya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70504, USA
| | - Qingfang He
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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8
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Khan MRI, Wang Y, Afrin S, He L, Ma G. Glycogen and Extracellular Glucose Estimation from Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2826. [PMID: 34286036 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, which have the extraordinary ability to grow using sunlight and carbon dioxide, are emerging as a green host to produce value-added products. Exploitation of this highly promising host to make products may depend on the ability to modulate the glucose metabolic pathway; it is the key metabolic pathway that generates intermediates that feed many industrially important pathways. Thus, before cyanobacteria can be considered as a leading source to produce value-added products, we must understand the interaction between glucose metabolism and other important cellular activities such as photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism. Here we describe reproducible and reliable methods for measuring extracellular glucose and glycogen levels from cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam Khan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shajia Afrin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Huokko T, Muth-Pawlak D, Battchikova N, Allahverdiyeva Y, Aro EM. Role of Type 2 NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase NdbC in Redox Regulation of Carbon Allocation in Synechocystis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1863-1880. [PMID: 28533358 PMCID: PMC5490909 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
NAD(P)H dehydrogenases comprise type 1 (NDH-1) and type 2 (NDH-2s) enzymes. Even though the NDH-1 complex is a well-characterized protein complex in the thylakoid membrane of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis), the exact roles of different NDH-2s remain poorly understood. To elucidate this question, we studied the function of NdbC, one of the three NDH-2s in Synechocystis, by constructing a deletion mutant (ΔndbC) for a corresponding protein and submitting the mutant to physiological and biochemical characterization as well as to comprehensive proteomics analysis. We demonstrate that the deletion of NdbC, localized to the plasma membrane, affects several metabolic pathways in Synechocystis in autotrophic growth conditions without prominent effects on photosynthesis. Foremost, the deletion of NdbC leads, directly or indirectly, to compromised sugar catabolism, to glycogen accumulation, and to distorted cell division. Deficiencies in several sugar catabolic routes were supported by severe retardation of growth of the ΔndbC mutant under light-activated heterotrophic growth conditions but not under mixotrophy. Thus, NdbC has a significant function in regulating carbon allocation between storage and the biosynthesis pathways. In addition, the deletion of NdbC increases the amount of cyclic electron transfer, possibly via the NDH-12 complex, and decreases the expression of several transporters in ambient CO2 growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Huokko
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Dorota Muth-Pawlak
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Natalia Battchikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
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10
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Fang L, Ge H, Huang X, Liu Y, Lu M, Wang J, Chen W, Xu W, Wang Y. Trophic Mode-Dependent Proteomic Analysis Reveals Functional Significance of Light-Independent Chlorophyll Synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:73-85. [PMID: 27585879 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 can grow in different trophic modes, depending on the availability of light and exogenous organic carbon source. However, how the protein profile changes to facilitate the cells differentially propagate in different modes has not been comprehensively investigated. Using isobaric labeling-based quantitative proteomics, we simultaneously identified and quantified 45% Synechocystis proteome across four different trophic modes, i.e., autotrophic, heterotrophic, photoheterotrophic, and mixotrophic modes. Among the 155 proteins that are differentially expressed across four trophic modes, proteins involved in nitrogen assimilation and light-independent chlorophyll synthesis are dramatically upregulated in the mixotrophic mode, concomitant with a dramatic increase of PII phosphorylation that senses carbon and nitrogen assimilation status. Moreover, functional study using a mutant defective in light-independent chlorophyll synthesis revealed that this pathway is important for chlorophyll accumulation under a cycled light/dark illumination regime, a condition mimicking day/night cycles in certain natural habitats. Collectively, these results provide the most comprehensive information on trophic mode-dependent protein expression in cyanobacterium, and reveal the functional significance of light-independent chlorophyll synthesis in trophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Beijing 100101, China.
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11
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Zilliges Y, Dau H. Unexpected capacity for organic carbon assimilation by Thermosynechococcus elongatus, a crucial photosynthetic model organism. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:962-70. [PMID: 26935247 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modification of key residues of photosystems is essential to identify functionally crucial processes by spectroscopic and crystallographic investigation; the required protein stability favours use of thermophilic species. The currently unique thermophilic photosynthetic model organism is the cyanobacterial genus Thermosynechococcus. We report the ability of Thermosynechococcus elongatus to assimilate organic carbon, specifically D-fructose. Growth in the presence of a photosynthesis inhibitor opens the door towards crucial amino acid substitutions in photosystems by the rescue of otherwise lethal mutations. Yet depression of batch-culture growth after 7 days implies that additional developments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Zilliges
- Institut für Experimentalphysik/Biophysik & Photosynthese, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Institut für Experimentalphysik/Biophysik & Photosynthese, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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12
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Krishnan A, Zhang S, Liu Y, Tadmori KA, Bryant DA, Dismukes CG. Consequences of ccmR deletion on respiration, fermentation and H2 metabolism in cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1448-59. [PMID: 26704377 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CcmR, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, represses the genes encoding components of the high-affinity carbon concentration mechanism in cyanobacteria. Unexpectedly, deletion of the ccmR gene was found to alter the expression of the terminal oxidase and fermentative genes, especially the hydrogenase operon in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Consistent with the transcriptomic data, the deletion strain exhibits flux increases (30-50%) in both aerobic O2 respiration and anaerobic H2 evolution. To understand how CcmR influences anaerobic metabolism, the kinetics of autofermentation were investigated following photoautotrophic growth. The autofermentative H2 yield increased by 50% in the CcmR deletion strain compared to the wild-type strain, and increased to 160% (within 20 h) upon continuous removal of H2 from the medium ("milking") to suppress H2 uptake. Consistent with this greater reductant flux to H2 , the mutant excreted less lactate during autofermentation (NAD(P)H consuming pathway). To enhance the rate of NADH production during anaerobic metabolism, the ccmR mutant was engineered to introduce GAPDH overexpression (more NADH production) and LDH deletion (less NADH consumption). The triple mutant (ccmR deletion + GAPDH overexpression + LDH deletion) showed 6-8-fold greater H2 yield than the WT strain, achieving conversion rates of 17 nmol 10(8) cells(-1) h(-1) and yield of 0.87 H2 per glucose equivalent (8.9% theoretical maximum). Simultaneous monitoring of the intracellular NAD(P)H concentration and H2 production rate by these mutants reveals an inverse correspondence between these variables indicating hydrogenase-dependent H2 production as a major sink for consuming NAD(P)H in preference to excretion of reduced carbon as lactate during fermentation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1448-1459. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Krishnan
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kinan A Tadmori
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Charles G Dismukes
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.
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13
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A novel periplasmic protein (Slr0280) tunes photomixotrophic growth of the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Gene 2016; 575:313-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Schwarzkopf M, Yoo YC, Hückelhoven R, Park YM, Proels RK. Cyanobacterial phytochrome2 regulates the heterotrophic metabolism and has a function in the heat and high-light stress response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:2157-2166. [PMID: 24578507 PMCID: PMC3982769 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria combine the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport in one membrane system, the thylakoid membrane. This feature requires an elaborate regulation mechanism to maintain a certain redox status of the electron transport chain, hence allowing proper photosynthetic and respiratory energy metabolism. In this context, metabolic adaptations, as seen in the light-to-dark and dark-to-light transitions, are particularly challenging. However, the molecular basis of the underlying regulatory mechanisms is not well-understood. Here, we describe a function of cyanobacterial phytochrome2 (Cph2), a phytochrome of the cyanobacterial model system Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, in regulation of the primary energy metabolism. When cells are shifted from photoautotrophic planktonic growth to light-activated heterotrophic growth and biofilm initiation, knockout of Cph2 results in impaired growth, a decrease in the activity of Glc-6-P dehydrogenase, a decrease of the transcript abundance/activity of cytochrome-c-oxidase, and slower phycocyanin degradation. Measurements of the plastoquinone reduction confirm an impaired heterotrophic metabolism in the cph2 knockout. When cells that were adapted to heterotrophic metabolism are shifted back to light conditions, the knockout of Cph2 results in an altered photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve, which is indicative of an impaired redox balance of the electron transport chain. Moreover, Cph2 plays a role in the heat and high-light stress response, particularly under photomixotrophic conditions. Our results show a function of Cph2 in the adaptation of the primary energy metabolism to changing trophic conditions. The physiological role of Cph2 in biofilm formation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manti Schwarzkopf
- Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Technische Universität München, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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15
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Liu D, Yang C. The nitrogen-regulated response regulator NrrA controls cyanophycin synthesis and glycogen catabolism in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:2055-71. [PMID: 24337581 PMCID: PMC3900954 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.515270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular metabolism in cyanobacteria is extensively regulated in response to changes of environmental nitrogen availability. Multiple regulators are involved in this process, including a nitrogen-regulated response regulator NrrA. However, the regulatory role of NrrA in most cyanobacteria remains to be elucidated. In this study, we combined a comparative genomic reconstruction of NrrA regulons in 15 diverse cyanobacterial species with detailed experimental characterization of NrrA-mediated regulation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The reconstructed NrrA regulons in most species included the genes involved in glycogen catabolism, central carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and protein degradation. A predicted NrrA-binding motif consisting of two direct repeats of TG(T/A)CA separated by an 8-bp A/T-rich spacer was verified by in vitro binding assays with purified NrrA protein. The predicted target genes of NrrA in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were experimentally validated by comparing the transcript levels and enzyme activities between the wild-type and nrrA-inactivated mutant strains. The effect of NrrA deficiency on intracellular contents of arginine, cyanophycin, and glycogen was studied. Severe impairments in arginine synthesis and cyanophycin accumulation were observed in the nrrA-inactivated mutant. The nrrA inactivation also resulted in a significantly decreased rate of glycogen degradation. Our results indicate that by directly up-regulating expression of the genes involved in arginine synthesis, glycogen degradation, and glycolysis, NrrA controls cyanophycin accumulation and glycogen catabolism in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. It is suggested that NrrA plays a role in coordinating the synthesis and degradation of nitrogen and carbon reserves in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Yang
- From the Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Rre37 stimulates accumulation of 2-oxoglutarate and glycogen under nitrogen starvation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:466-71. [PMID: 24374346 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rre37 (sll1330) in a cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 acts as a regulatory protein for sugar catabolic genes during nitrogen starvation. Low glycogen accumulation in Δrre37 was due to low expression of glycogen anabolic genes. In addition to low 2-oxoglutarate accumulation, normal upregulated expression of genes encoding glutamate synthases (gltD and gltB) as well as accumulation of metabolites in glycolysis (fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (oxaloacetate, fumarate, succinate, and aconitate) were abolished by rre37 knockout. Rre37 regulates 2-oxoglutarate accumulation, glycogen accumulation through expression of glycogen anabolic genes, and TCA cycle metabolites accumulation.
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17
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Nagarajan S, Srivastava S, Sherman LA. Essential role of the plasmid hik31 operon in regulating central metabolism in the dark in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Mol Microbiol 2013; 91:79-97. [PMID: 24237382 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The plasmid hik31 operon (P3, slr6039-slr6041) is located on the pSYSX plasmid in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. A P3 mutant (ΔP3) had a growth defect in the dark and a pigment defect that was worsened by the addition of glucose. The glucose defect was from incomplete metabolism of the substrate, was pH dependent, and completely overcome by the addition of bicarbonate. Addition of organic carbon and nitrogen sources partly alleviated the defects of the mutant in the dark. Electron micrographs of the mutant revealed larger cells with division defects, glycogen limitation, lack of carboxysomes, deteriorated thylakoids and accumulation of polyhydroxybutyrate and cyanophycin. A microarray experiment over two days of growth in light-dark plus glucose revealed downregulation of several photosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, energy metabolism genes; and an upregulation of cell envelope and transport and binding genes in the mutant. ΔP3 had an imbalance in carbon and nitrogen levels and many sugar catabolic and cell division genes were negatively affected after the first dark period. The mutant suffered from oxidative and osmotic stress, macronutrient limitation, and an energy deficit. Therefore, the P3 operon is an important regulator of central metabolism and cell division in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Nagarajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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18
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Lee JY, Lee HS, Song JY, Jung YJ, Reinbothe S, Park YI, Lee SY, Pai HS. Cell growth defect factor1/chaperone-like protein of POR1 plays a role in stabilization of light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:3944-60. [PMID: 24151298 PMCID: PMC3877821 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperms require light for chlorophyll biosynthesis because one reaction in the pathway, the reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide, is catalyzed by the light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Here, we report that Cell growth defect factor1 (Cdf1), renamed here as chaperone-like protein of POR1 (CPP1), an essential protein for chloroplast development, plays a role in the regulation of POR stability and function. Cdf1/CPP1 contains a J-like domain and three transmembrane domains, is localized in the thylakoid and envelope membranes, and interacts with POR isoforms in chloroplasts. CPP1 can stabilize POR proteins with its holdase chaperone activity. CPP1 deficiency results in diminished POR protein accumulation and defective chlorophyll synthesis, leading to photobleaching and growth inhibition of plants under light conditions. CPP1 depletion also causes reduced POR accumulation in etioplasts of dark-grown plants and as a result impairs the formation of prolamellar bodies, which subsequently affects chloroplast biogenesis upon illumination. Furthermore, in cyanobacteria, the CPP1 homolog critically regulates POR accumulation and chlorophyll synthesis under high-light conditions, in which the dark-operative Pchlide oxidoreductase is repressed by its oxygen sensitivity. These findings and the ubiquitous presence of CPP1 in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms suggest the conserved nature of CPP1 function in the regulation of POR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Song
- Department of Biological Science and Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Young Jun Jung
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Biologie Environnementale et Systémique, Université Joseph Fourier LBFA, BP53F 38041 Grenoble cedex 9 France
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Science and Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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19
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Gründel M, Scheunemann R, Lockau W, Zilliges Y. Impaired glycogen synthesis causes metabolic overflow reactions and affects stress responses in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:3032-3043. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.062950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Gründel
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology/Biochemistry of Plants, Chausseestr. 117, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramon Scheunemann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology/Biochemistry of Plants, Chausseestr. 117, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lockau
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology/Biochemistry of Plants, Chausseestr. 117, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Zilliges
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology/Biochemistry of Plants, Chausseestr. 117, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Das PK, Shin DH, Choi SB, Park YI. Sugar-hormone cross-talk in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Mol Cells 2012; 34:501-7. [PMID: 22936387 PMCID: PMC3887831 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are recognized for their diverse functions in plant development and beneficial effects on human health. Many of the genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis enzymes and the transcription factors that activate or repress them have been identified. Regulatory proteins that control anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating the expression of different structural genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels are differentially modulated by environmental and biological factors such as light, temperature, sugar and hormones. This minireview summarizes the recent findings contributing to our understanding of the role of sugars and hormones in the modulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway with emphasis on the coordinated regulation of the critical transcriptional R2R3-MYB/bHLH/WD40 (MBW) complex in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Kumar Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | | | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
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21
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Li T, Yang HM, Cui SX, Suzuki I, Zhang LF, Li L, Bo TT, Wang J, Murata N, Huang F. Proteomic Study of the Impact of Hik33 Mutation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under Normal and Salt Stress Conditions. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:502-14. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200811s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Su-Xia Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Iwane Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Li-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting-Ting Bo
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Norio Murata
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589, KSA
| | - Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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22
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Lindahl M, Mata-Cabana A, Kieselbach T. The disulfide proteome and other reactive cysteine proteomes: analysis and functional significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2581-642. [PMID: 21275844 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago, proteomics techniques designed for large-scale investigations of redox-sensitive proteins started to emerge. The proteomes, defined as sets of proteins containing reactive cysteines that undergo oxidative post-translational modifications, have had a particular impact on research concerning the redox regulation of cellular processes. These proteomes, which are hereafter termed "disulfide proteomes," have been studied in nearly all kingdoms of life, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. Disulfide proteomics has been applied to the identification of proteins modified by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species under stress conditions. Other studies involving disulfide proteomics have addressed the functions of thioredoxins and glutaredoxins. Hence, there is a steadily growing number of proteins containing reactive cysteines, which are probable targets for redox regulation. The disulfide proteomes have provided evidence that entire pathways, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the Calvin-Benson cycle, are controlled by mechanisms involving changes in the cysteine redox state of each enzyme implicated. Synthesis and degradation of proteins are processes highly represented in disulfide proteomes and additional biochemical data have established some mechanisms for their redox regulation. Thus, combined with biochemistry and genetics, disulfide proteomics has a significant potential to contribute to new discoveries on redox regulation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Lindahl
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Seville, Spain
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23
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Akai M, Onai K, Kusano M, Sato M, Redestig H, Toyooka K, Morishita M, Miyake H, Hazama A, Checchetto V, Szabò I, Matsuoka K, Saito K, Yasui M, Ishiura M, Uozumi N. Plasma membrane aquaporin AqpZ protein is essential for glucose metabolism during photomixotrophic growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25224-35. [PMID: 21558269 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.236380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Synechocystis PCC 6803 contains a single gene encoding an aquaporin, aqpZ. The AqpZ protein functioned as a water-permeable channel in the plasma membrane. However, the physiological importance of AqpZ in Synechocystis remains unclear. We found that growth in glucose-containing medium inhibited proper division of ΔaqpZ cells and led to cell death. Deletion of a gene encoding a glucose transporter in the ΔaqpZ background alleviated the glucose-mediated growth inhibition of the ΔaqpZ cells. The ΔaqpZ cells swelled more than the wild type after the addition of glucose, suggesting an increase in cytosolic osmolarity. This was accompanied by a down-regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway and concurrent glycogen accumulation. Metabolite profiling by GC/TOF-MS of wild-type and ΔaqpZ cells revealed a relative decrease of intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and certain amino acids in the mutant. The changed levels of metabolites may have been the cause for the observed decrease in growth rate of the ΔaqpZ cells along with decreased PSII activity at pH values ranging from 7.5 to 8.5. A mutant in sll1961, encoding a putative transcription factor, and a Δhik31 mutant, lacking a putative glucose-sensing kinase, both exhibited higher glucose sensitivity than the ΔaqpZ cells. Examination of protein expression indicated that sll1961 functioned as a positive regulator of aqpZ gene expression but not as the only regulator. Overall, the ΔaqpZ cells showed defects in macronutrient metabolism, pH homeostasis, and cell division under photomixotrophic conditions, consistent with an essential role of AqpZ in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaro Akai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Haimovich-Dayan M, Kahlon S, Hihara Y, Hagemann M, Ogawa T, Ohad I, Lieman-Hurwitz J, Kaplan A. Cross-talk between photomixotrophic growth and CO2-concentrating mechanism in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:1767-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Tabei Y, Okada K, Makita N, Tsuzuki M. Light-induced gene expression of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase during heterotrophic growth in a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FEBS J 2008; 276:187-98. [PMID: 19019077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exhibits light-activated heterotrophic growth (LAHG) under dark conditions with glucose as a carbon source. The light activation is remarkable at a late period of photoautotrophic preculture, such as the late-linear and stationary growth phases. To understand the physiological effects of light irradiation and glucose under LAHG conditions, their effects on the expression of soluble proteins were analyzed by means of 2D-PAGE. Various soluble proteins, which were minimal under photoautotrophic preculture conditions, were observed clearly under LAHG conditions, suggesting that proteins were synthesized actively under these conditions. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, one of the glycolytic enzymes, was found to be induced under LAHG conditions on 2D-PAGE. The activity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, which had decreased during photoautotrophic preculture, also increased under LAHG conditions, similar to the mRNA level of the encoding gene, fbaA. In addition, we found that a deletion mutant of sll1330, a putative gene containing a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif, could not grow under LAHG conditions, whereas it could grow photoautotrophically. The increases in the protein level of FbaA and fbaA gene expression observed in wild-type cells under LAHG conditions were greatly inhibited in the deletion mutant. These results suggest that the regulation of fbaA gene expression by way of sll1330 is one of the important processes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under light pulse LAHG conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tabei
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
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26
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Gómez-Baena G, López-Lozano A, Gil-Martínez J, Lucena JM, Diez J, Candau P, García-Fernández JM. Glucose uptake and its effect on gene expression in prochlorococcus. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3416. [PMID: 18941506 PMCID: PMC2565063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus have been considered photoautotrophic microorganisms, although the utilization of exogenous sugars has never been specifically addressed in them. We studied glucose uptake in different high irradiance- and low irradiance-adapted Prochlorococcus strains, as well as the effect of glucose addition on the expression of several glucose-related genes. Glucose uptake was measured by adding radiolabelled glucose to Prochlorococcus cultures, followed by flow cytometry coupled with cell sorting in order to separate Prochlorococcus cells from bacterial contaminants. Sorted cells were recovered by filtration and their radioactivity measured. The expression, after glucose addition, of several genes (involved in glucose metabolism, and in nitrogen assimilation and its regulation) was determined in the low irradiance-adapted Prochlorococcus SS120 strain by semi-quantitative real time RT-PCR, using the rnpB gene as internal control. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the Prochlorococcus strains studied in this work take up glucose at significant rates even at concentrations close to those found in the oceans, and also exclude the possibility of this uptake being carried out by eventual bacterial contaminants, since only Prochlorococcus cells were used for radioactivity measurements. Besides, we show that the expression of a number of genes involved in glucose utilization (namely zwf, gnd and dld, encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase, respectively) is strongly increased upon glucose addition to cultures of the SS120 strain. This fact, taken together with the magnitude of the glucose uptake, clearly indicates the physiological importance of the phenomenon. Given the significant contribution of Prochlorococcus to the global primary production, these findings have strong implications for the understanding of the phytoplankton role in the carbon cycle in nature. Besides, the ability of assimilating carbon molecules could provide additional hints to comprehend the ecological success of Prochlorococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Gómez-Baena
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jorge Gil-Martínez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla–CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Manuel Lucena
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla–CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Diez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Candau
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla–CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel García-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Ryu JY, Jeong SW, Kim SY, Ko Y, Yoon S, Choi SB, Park YI. Cyanobacterial glucokinase complements the glucose sensing role of Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 374:454-9. [PMID: 18640098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Unlike Arabidopsis hexokinase (AtHXK) 1, cyanobacterial glucokinase (cGlk, Sll0593) from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 does not function endogenously as a glucose sensor for glucose repression of photosynthesis-related genes such as psbA2, psbD2, rbcS, and rbcL. However, when cGlk was constitutively expressed in the cytosol of the glucose insensitive AtHXK 1 null mutant gin2-1, transgenic plants showed glucose sensitive phenotypes similar to those of wild type plants, namely glucose-induced decreases in Chl content and transcript levels of genes encoding Chl binding proteins (CAB1) and Rubisco small subunit (RBCS). Therefore, we suggest that cGlk's ability to complement glucose sensing activity in higher plants is attributable to the presence of cGlk-interacting proteins present in Arabidopsis, but absent in Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Youn Ryu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Gungdong 220, Youseong, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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