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Alves CML, Noyszewski AK, Smith AG. Nicotiana tabacum pollen-pistil interactions show unexpected spatial and temporal differences in pollen tube growth among genotypes. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:341-352. [PMID: 31359145 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This research revealed diverse PTG rates among intraspecific pollen-pistil interactions that showed variable dependency on the stigma and mature TT. Pollen-pistil interactions regulate pollen tube growth (PTG) rates and are determinants of fertilization and seed set. This research focuses on the diversity of intraspecific PTG rates and the spatial and temporal regulation of PTG among Nicotiana tabacum genotypes. Nonrandom mating within self-compatible species has been noted, but little is known on the mechanisms involved. To begin research on nonrandom mating, we took advantage of the model reproductive system of N. tabacum and used seventeen diverse N. tabacum genotypes in a complete pollination diallel to measure the diversity of intraspecific pollen-pistil interactions. The 289 intraspecific interactions showed surprisingly large differences in PTG rates. The interaction between specific males and females resulted in 18 specific combining abilities that were significantly different, indicating the importance of the specific genotype interaction in regulating intraspecific PTG. No single female or male genotype exerted overall control of PTG rates, as determined by a general combining ability analysis. Slow and fast pollen-pistil interactions showed spatial differences in growth rates along the style. Slower interactions had a slower initial PTG rate while fast interactions had faster consistent rates of growth indicating spatial regulation of PTG in the pistil. Removal of the stigma or the mature transmitting tissue (TT) showed the tissue-specific component of PTG regulation. Stigma removal resulted in slower or no change in PTG rate depending on the pollen and pistil genotypes. Removal of the TT, which necessitated removal of the stigma, showed no change, slower or unexpectedly, increased growth rates relative to growth rates without a stigma. These data show the diverse nature of pollen-pistil interactions in N. tabacum genotypes providing a system to further investigate the regulation of PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M L Alves
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Andrzej K Noyszewski
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Alan G Smith
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Arend P. ABO phenotype-protected reproduction based on human specific α1,2 L-fucosylation as explained by the Bombay type formation. Immunobiology 2018; 223:684-693. [PMID: 30075871 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic relationship between the formation of the ABO(H) blood group phenotype and human fertility is evident in the case of the (Oh) or Bombay blood type, which Charles Darwin would have interpreted as resulting from reduced male fertility in consanguinities, based on the history of his own family, the Darwin/Wedgwood Dynasty. The classic Bombay type occurs with the extremely rare, human-specific genotype (h/h; se/se), which (due to point mutations) does not encode fucosyltransferases 1(FUT1) and 2 (FUT2). These enzymes are the basis for ABO(H) phenotype formation on the cell surfaces and fucosylation of plasma proteins, involving neonatal immunoglobulin M (IgM). In the normal human blood group O(H), which is not protected by clonal selection with regard to environmental A/B immunization, the plasma contains a mixture of non-immune and adaptive anti-A/B reactive isoagglutinins, which in the O(h) Bombay type show extremely elevated levels, associated with decreased levels of fucosylation-dependent functional plasma proteins, suchs as the van Willebrand factor (vWF) and clotting factor VIII. In fact, while the involvement of adaptive immunoglobulins remains unknown, poor fucosylation may explain the polyreactivity in the Bombay type plasma, which exhibits pronounced complement-binding cross-reactive anti-A/Tn and anti-B IgM levels, with additional anti-H reactivity, acting over a wide range of temperatures, with an amplitude at 37 °C. This aggressive anti-glycan-reactive IgM molecule suggests the induction of ADCC (antibody-dependent) and/or complement-mediated cytotoxicity via overexpressed glycosidic bond sites against the embryogenic stem cell-to-germ cell transformation, which is characterized by fleeting appearances of A-like, developmental trans-species GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr-R glycan, also referred to as the Tn (T "nouvelle") antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arend
- Philipps University Marburg, Department of Medicine, D-355, Marburg, Lahn, Germany; Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Research Laboratories, Chemie Grünenthal GmbH, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
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Cai J, Liu X, Vanneste K, Proost S, Tsai WC, Liu KW, Chen LJ, He Y, Xu Q, Bian C, Zheng Z, Sun F, Liu W, Hsiao YY, Pan ZJ, Hsu CC, Yang YP, Hsu YC, Chuang YC, Dievart A, Dufayard JF, Xu X, Wang JY, Wang J, Xiao XJ, Zhao XM, Du R, Zhang GQ, Wang M, Su YY, Xie GC, Liu GH, Li LQ, Huang LQ, Luo YB, Chen HH, Van de Peer Y, Liu ZJ. The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris. Nat Genet 2014; 47:65-72. [PMID: 25420146 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Orchidaceae, renowned for its spectacular flowers and other reproductive and ecological adaptations, is one of the most diverse plant families. Here we present the genome sequence of the tropical epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis equestris, a frequently used parent species for orchid breeding. P. equestris is the first plant with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) for which the genome has been sequenced. Our assembled genome contains 29,431 predicted protein-coding genes. We find that contigs likely to be underassembled, owing to heterozygosity, are enriched for genes that might be involved in self-incompatibility pathways. We find evidence for an orchid-specific paleopolyploidy event that preceded the radiation of most orchid clades, and our results suggest that gene duplication might have contributed to the evolution of CAM photosynthesis in P. equestris. Finally, we find expanded and diversified families of MADS-box C/D-class, B-class AP3 and AGL6-class genes, which might contribute to the highly specialized morphology of orchid flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- 1] Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. [2] Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene &Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science &Technology (prep) and Division of Life &Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China. [3] School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kevin Vanneste
- 1] Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. [2] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Proost
- 1] Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. [2] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wen-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Wei Liu
- 1] Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. [2] Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene &Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science &Technology (prep) and Division of Life &Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China. [3] School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying He
- 1] Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. [2] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Jun Pan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Anne Dievart
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales (AGAP), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Francois Dufayard
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales (AGAP), Montpellier, France
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Xin-Ju Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Rong Du
- State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meina Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Yu Su
- College of Forestry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Chang Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Hui Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Qiang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lai-Qiang Huang
- 1] Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. [2] Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene &Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science &Technology (prep) and Division of Life &Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China. [3] School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. [4] College of Forestry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Hwa Chen
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. [2] Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- 1] Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. [2] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. [3] Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- 1] Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. [2] Center for Biotechnology and BioMedicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene &Antibody Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Health Science &Technology (prep) and Division of Life &Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China. [3] College of Forestry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
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