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Wiczkowski W, Saniewski M, Marasek-Ciołakowska A, Góraj-Koniarska J, Mitrus J, Horbowicz M. Exposure to Light of the Abaxial versus Adaxial Side of Detached Kalanchoë blossfeldiana Leaves Affects Anthocyanin Content and Composition Differently. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2875. [PMID: 38474120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation and composition of anthocyanins in leaves of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana, detached and kept for five days under natural light conditions, were investigated. The presence of fifteen derivatives of cyanidin, petunidin, and delphinidin was found. Changes in the content of each anthocyanin in the leaves before and after exposure to light on the abaxial (naturally upper) and adaxial (naturally lower) sides of the leaves were compared. When the adaxial side was exposed to light, the anthocyanin contents of the leaves did not change. In contrast, when the abaxial side of detached leaves was exposed to light, there was enhanced accumulation of delphinidin-rhamnoside-glucoside, cyanidin-rhamnoside-glucoside, cyanidin-glucoside-glucoside, and two unknown derivatives of petunidin and delphinidin. Application of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) on the abaxial side exposed to light inhibited the accumulation of these anthocyanins. This effect could probably be due to the presence of these anthocyanins in the epidermal cells of K. blossfeldiana leaves and was visible in the microscopic view of its cross-section. These anthocyanins were directly exposed to JA-Me, leading to inhibition of their formation and/or accumulation. The lack of significant effects of JA-Me on anthocyanin mono- and tri-glycosides may indicate that they are mainly present in the mesophyll tissue of the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marian Saniewski
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Góraj-Koniarska
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Joanna Mitrus
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Siedlce, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Saniewski M, Szablińska-Piernik J, Marasek-Ciołakowska A, Mitrus J, Góraj-Koniarska J, Lahuta LB, Wiczkowski W, Miyamoto K, Ueda J, Horbowicz M. Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Detached Leaves of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana: Relevance to the Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on This Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010626. [PMID: 36614068 PMCID: PMC9820172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of anthocyanins in detached leaves and in excised stems of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana kept under natural light conditions in the presence or absence of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was investigated. When the abaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the adaxial surface (the normal or natural position) under natural light conditions, anthocyanins were not accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves. In contrast, when the adaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the abaxial surface (inverted position), anthocyanins were highly accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves. These phenomena were independent of the growth stage of K. blossfeldiana as well as photoperiod. Application of JA-Me in lanolin paste significantly inhibited anthocyanin accumulation induced on the abaxial side of detached leaves held in an inverted position in a dose-dependent manner. Anthocyanin accumulation in the excised stem in response to natural light was also significantly inhibited by JA-Me in lanolin paste. Possible mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation on the abaxial side of detached K. blossfeldiana leaves held in an inverted position under natural light conditions and the inhibitory effect of JA-Me on this process are described. The accompanying changes in the content of primary metabolites and histological analyses were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Saniewski
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Mitrus
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Justyna Góraj-Koniarska
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Lesław B. Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kensuke Miyamoto
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Global Education, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Ueda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.H.)
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Engelsma G. THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT OF DIFFERENT SPECTRAL REGIONS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN GHERKIN SEEDLINGS, IN RELATION TO PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS: VI. PHENOL SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOPERIODISM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1969.tb00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Engelsma
- Philips Research Laboratories; N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken; Eindhoven Netherlands
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Nielsen AH, Olsen CE, Møller BL. Flavonoids in flowers of 16 Kalanchoë blossfeldiana varieties. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:2829-35. [PMID: 16297414 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Kalanchoë blossfeldiana varieties with orange, pink, red and magenta flowers were found to contain 3,5-O-beta-D-diglucosides of pelargonidin, cyanidin, peonidin, delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin. Pink, red and magenta varieties contained relatively high amounts of quercetin based flavonols. Four distinct quercetin flavonols were identified, namely quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside and three that were quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside based, with either glucose, xylose or arabinose attached to position 2 of the rhamnose. In addition, the presence of at least three kaempferol based diglycosides was suggested from LC-MS analyses. Orange varieties contained very low amounts of flavonol co-pigments and of delphinidin derivatives. The flower extracts of the varieties 'Diva' (magenta) and 'Molly' (red) had identical anthocyanin ratios but differed significantly in flavonol content. The magenta variety contained four times as much quercetin relative to anthocyanidin as the red variety. This difference was mainly due to a larger content of quercetin 3-O-(2''-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside). Based on pigment and co-pigment analyses, approaches for molecular breeding towards blue flower colour are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Holm Nielsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Engelsma G. Effect of Daylength on Phenol Metabolism in the Leaves of Salvia occidentalis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1979; 63:765-8. [PMID: 16660808 PMCID: PMC542913 DOI: 10.1104/pp.63.4.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A method of phenol determination in plant leaves has been developed which is based on the in situ oxidation of these compounds in an atmosphere containing ammonia, followed by difference spectrophotometry. The development of the phenol pattern has been studied in each separate leaf of a Salvia occidentalis plant grown in short and in long days. During the light period the phenol content (mainly chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acids) increases in proportion to the length of this period, whereas during the subsequent dark period the phenol content decreases. This decrease does not continue during the second part of a dark period if that period is interrupted by a light break with red light. Instead a small increase is observed. This effect of red light can be reversed with far red light. It is argued that a correlation with flower induction in this short day plant can be construed if it is assumed that the continuous presence of certain o-dihydroxyphenols in the cytoplasm of leaf cells inhibits the synthesis or the transport of a flowering hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Engelsma
- Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Malaviya B, Laloraya MM. Anthocyanin biosynthesis in Celosia seedlings. I. Locus of anthocyanin formation and effect of seedling age. Arch Biochem Biophys 1966; 114:56-60. [PMID: 5954703 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(66)90304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Taylor AO. Some Effects of Photoperiod on the Biosynthesis of Phenylpropane Derivatives in Xanthium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1965; 40:273-80. [PMID: 16656083 PMCID: PMC550278 DOI: 10.1104/pp.40.2.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A O Taylor
- Plant Physiology Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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