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Freitas DDS, Nunes WDS, do Prado Apparecido R, Lopes TIB, Alcantara GB. NMR-based approach reveals seasonal metabolic changes in mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.). MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:311-320. [PMID: 29315783 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis (mate) is a species native to South America and is widely consumed in countries such Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil. Mate consumption is associated with several phytotherapeutic functions, in addition to its cultural and regional importance. However, the harvest period can affect the properties of the mate, due to variations in the constituent proportions, as a consequence of seasonal changes. In this work, we employed nuclear magnetic resonance and chemometrics to evaluate the chemical variations in leaf extracts of I. paraguariensis over the four seasons of the year. We found significant changes in the levels of glucose, myo-inositol, caffeine, theobromine, and fatty acids. These changes can be related to resource allocation for the flowering period, or to responses to environmental stresses, such as temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisy Dos Santos Freitas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), CP 549, CEP, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Wilian da Silva Nunes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), CP 549, CEP, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Rafael do Prado Apparecido
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), CP 549, CEP, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Thiago Inácio Barros Lopes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), CP 549, CEP, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP, Aquidauana, MS, 79200-460, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Braz Alcantara
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), CP 549, CEP, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
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Niu Q, Li J, Cai D, Qian M, Jia H, Bai S, Hussain S, Liu G, Teng Y, Zheng X. Dormancy-associated MADS-box genes and microRNAs jointly control dormancy transition in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia white pear group) flower bud. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:239-57. [PMID: 26466664 PMCID: PMC4682432 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy in perennial plants is indispensable to survival over winter and to regrowth and development in the following year. However, the molecular pathways of endo-dormancy induction, maintenance, and release are still unclear, especially in fruit crops. To identify genes with roles in regulating endo-dormancy, 30 MIKC(C)-type MADS-box genes were identified in the pear genome and characterized. The 30 genes were analysed to determine their phylogenetic relationships with homologous genes, genome locations, gene structure, tissue-specific transcript profiles, and transcriptional patterns during flower bud dormancy in 'Suli' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia white pear group). The roles in regulating bud dormancy varied among the MIKC gene family members. Yeast one-hybrid and transient assays showed that PpCBF enhanced PpDAM1 and PpDAM3 transcriptional activity during the induction of dormancy, probably by binding to the C-repeat/DRE binding site, while DAM proteins inhibited the transcriptional activity of PpFT2 during dormancy release. In the small RNA-seq analysis, 185 conserved, 24 less-conserved, and 32 pear-specific miRNAs with distinct expression patterns during bud dormancy were identified. Joint analyses of miRNAs and MIKC genes together with degradome data showed that miR6390 targeted PpDAM transcripts and degraded them to release PpFT2. Our data show that cross-talk among PpCBF, PpDAM, PpFT2, and miR6390 played important roles in regulating endo-dormancy. A model for the molecular mechanism of dormancy transition is proposed: short-term chilling in autumn activates the accumulation of CBF, which directly promotes DAM expression; DAM subsequently inhibits FT expression to induce endo-dormancy, and miR6390 degrades DAM genes to release endo-dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Niu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianzhao Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Danying Cai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China
| | - Minjie Qian
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huimin Jia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Songling Bai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Sayed Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Utilization of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Institute of Horticulture and Landscape, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
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Meitha K, Konnerup D, Colmer TD, Considine JA, Foyer CH, Considine MJ. Spatio-temporal relief from hypoxia and production of reactive oxygen species during bud burst in grapevine (Vitis vinifera). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:703-11. [PMID: 26337519 PMCID: PMC4578006 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants regulate cellular oxygen partial pressures (pO2), together with reduction/oxidation (redox) state in order to manage rapid developmental transitions such as bud burst after a period of quiescence. However, our understanding of pO2 regulation in complex meristematic organs such as buds is incomplete and, in particular, lacks spatial resolution. METHODS The gradients in pO2 from the outer scales to the primary meristem complex were measured in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) buds, together with respiratory CO2 production rates and the accumulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, from ecodormancy through the first 72 h preceding bud burst, triggered by the transition from low to ambient temperatures. KEY RESULTS Steep internal pO2 gradients were measured in dormant buds with values as low as 2·5 kPa found in the core of the bud prior to bud burst. Respiratory CO2 production rates increased soon after the transition from low to ambient temperatures and the bud tissues gradually became oxygenated in a patterned process. Within 3 h of the transition to ambient temperatures, superoxide accumulation was observed in the cambial meristem, co-localizing with lignified cellulose associated with pro-vascular tissues. Thereafter, superoxide accumulated in other areas subtending the apical meristem complex, in the absence of significant hydrogen peroxide accumulation, except in the cambial meristem. By 72 h, the internal pO2 gradient showed a biphasic profile, where the minimum pO2 was external to the core of the bud complex. CONCLUSIONS Spatial and temporal control of the tissue oxygen environment occurs within quiescent buds, and the transition from quiescence to bud burst is accompanied by a regulated relaxation of the hypoxic state and accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the developing cambium and vascular tissues of the heterotrophic grapevine buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlia Meitha
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia
| | - Dennis Konnerup
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia, Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia
| | - John A Considine
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia, Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire LS29JT, UK and
| | - Michael J Considine
- School of Plant Biology, and The Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia, Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire LS29JT, UK and Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA, 6151 Australia
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Liu G, Li W, Zheng P, Xu T, Chen L, Liu D, Hussain S, Teng Y. Transcriptomic analysis of 'Suli' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia white pear group) buds during the dormancy by RNA-Seq. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:700. [PMID: 23234335 PMCID: PMC3562153 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bud dormancy is a critical developmental process that allows perennial plants to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Pear is one of the most important deciduous fruit trees in the world, but the mechanisms regulating bud dormancy in this species are unknown. Because genomic information for pear is currently unavailable, transcriptome and digital gene expression data for this species would be valuable resources to better understand the molecular and biological mechanisms regulating its bud dormancy. Results We performed de novo transcriptome assembly and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling analyses of ‘Suli’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia white pear group) using the Illumina RNA-seq system. RNA-Seq generated approximately 100 M high-quality reads that were assembled into 69,393 unigenes (mean length = 853 bp), including 14,531 clusters and 34,194 singletons. A total of 51,448 (74.1%) unigenes were annotated using public protein databases with a cut-off E-value above 10-5. We mainly compared gene expression levels at four time-points during bud dormancy. Between Nov. 15 and Dec. 15, Dec. 15 and Jan. 15, and Jan. 15 and Feb. 15, 1,978, 1,024, and 3,468 genes were differentially expressed, respectively. Hierarchical clustering analysis arranged 190 significantly differentially-expressed genes into seven groups. Seven genes were randomly selected to confirm their expression levels using quantitative real-time PCR. Conclusions The new transcriptomes offer comprehensive sequence and DGE profiling data for a dynamic view of transcriptomic variation during bud dormancy in pear. These data provided a basis for future studies of metabolism during bud dormancy in non-model but economically-important perennial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqin Liu
- Department of Horticulture, The State Agricultural Ministry's Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058,, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zimmerman RH, Faust M, Shreve AW. Glucose metabolism of various tissues of pear buds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1970; 46:839-41. [PMID: 16657553 PMCID: PMC396693 DOI: 10.1104/pp.46.6.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Various tissues in flower buds of Pyrus calleryana Decne. differ in their metabolic activity. Brown outer scales utilized more exogenously supplied glucose, particularly through the pentose phosphate pathway, than did the central axes and the green inner scales. They also contained more endogenous reducing sugars, and glucose leaked out more readily from the brown scales than from the other tissues. In contrast, respiration of the central axes was nine times as great as that of the brown scales, and two to four times as much glucose was metabolized through glycolysis. Membranes of the central axes were less permeable to glucose. Because the brown scales are 75% of the dry weight of the bud, they dominate its pattern of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Zimmerman
- Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United State Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
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