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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang R, Bai Y, Liu C, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Yang S. Differential gene expression analysis of 'Chili' ( Pyrus bretschneideri) fruit pericarp with two types of bagging treatments. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:17005. [PMID: 28280542 PMCID: PMC5341540 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Preharvest bagging is a simple, grower-friendly and safe physical protection technique commonly applied to many fruits, and the application of different fruit bags can have various effects. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the fruit quality effects of different bagging treatments, digital gene expression (DGE) profiling of bagged and unbagged 'Chili' (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) pear pericarp during development was performed. Relative to unbagged fruit, a total of 3022 and 769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the polyethylene (PE)-bagged and non-woven fabric-bagged fruit, respectively. DEGs annotated as photosynthesis-antenna proteins and photosynthesis metabolism pathway were upregulated in non-woven fabric-bagged fruit but downregulated in the PE-bagged fruit. Non-woven fabric bagging inhibited lignin synthesis in 'Chili' pear pericarp by downregulating DEGs involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; consequently, the fruit lenticels in non-woven fabric-bagged fruit were smaller than those in the other treatments. The results indicate that the non-woven fabric bagging method has a positive effect on the appearance of 'Chili' pear fruit but neither of the two bagging treatments is conducive to the accumulation of soluble sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yingxin Bai
- Department of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chenglian Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yongbing Yuan
- Department of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
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Wu W, Zhou R, Huang Y, Boufford DE, Shi S. Molecular evidence for natural intergeneric hybridization between Liquidambar and Altingia. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2010; 123:231-9. [PMID: 19941029 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-009-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Since its establishment, a hybrid origin for Semiliquidambar has been proposed based on morphological intermediacy and sympatric distribution with Altingia and Liquidambar. This hypothesis, however, has lacked convincing molecular evidence. In this study, two nuclear genes, pin2 and cab4, and a chloroplast gene, matK, from Semiliquidambar cathayensis and its putative parental species Liquidambar and Altingia in Jianfengling, Hainan, and Heishiding and Nanling, Guangdong, China, were sequenced to test this hypothesis. Our results showed that L. formosana and L. acalycina were closely related and constituted an inseparable clade in the phylogenetic trees of both pin2 and cab4 genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two types of sequences for S. cathayensis, which were clustered with its putative parents, L. formosana-L. acalycina and A. obovata in Jianfengling, and with L. formosana-L. acalycina and A. chinensis in Heishiding and Nanling. The partial chloroplast matK gene sequences showed four nucleotide substitutions between L. formosana and A. obovata in Jianfengling; the sequences of the two individuals of S. cathayensis were identical with those of A. obovata. No diagnostic chloroplast markers including matK and three other chloroplast genes were found to distinguish L. formosana and A. chinensis in Heishiding and Nanling. Molecular data clearly demonstrated that S. cathayensis is of intergeneric hybrid origin between L. formosana-L. acalycina and A. obovata or A. chinensis and that A. obovata functions as the maternal parent in the hybridization event in Jianfengling, Hainan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xinggangxi Road No 135, 510275 Guangzhou, China
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3
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Teramoto H, Ono T, Minagawa J. Identification of Lhcb gene family encoding the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b proteins of photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 42:849-56. [PMID: 11522911 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pce115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Lhcb gene family in green plants encodes several light-harvesting Chl a/b-binding (LHC) proteins that collect and transfer light energy to the reaction centers of PSII. We comprehensively characterized the Lhcb gene family in the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, using the expressed sequence tag (EST) databases. A total of 699 among over 15,000 ESTs related to the Lhcb genes were assigned to eight, including four new, genes that we isolated and sequenced here. A sequence comparison revealed that six of the Lhcb genes from C. reinhardtii correspond to the major LHC (LHCII) proteins from higher plants, and that the other two genes (Lhcb4 and Lhcb5) correspond to the minor LHC proteins (CP29 and CP26). No ESTs corresponding to another minor LHC protein (CP24) were found. The six LHCII proteins in C. reinhardtii cannot be assigned to any of the three types proposed for higher plants (Lhcb1-Lhcb3), but were classified as follows: Type I is encoded by LhcII-1.1, LhcII-1.2 and LhcII-1.3, and Types II, III and IV are encoded by LhcII-2, LhcII-3 and LhcII-4, respectively. These findings suggest that the ancestral LHC protein diverged into LHCII, CP29 and CP26 before, and that LHCII diverged into multiple types after the phylogenetic separation of green algae and higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Teramoto
- Laboratory for Photo-Biology, Photodynamics Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Sendai, 980-0845 Japan.
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Koehne B, Elli G, Jennings RC, Wilhelm C, Trissl H. Spectroscopic and molecular characterization of a long wavelength absorbing antenna of Ostreobium sp. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1412:94-107. [PMID: 10393253 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(99)00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the strains of the marine green alga Ostreobium sp. possesses an exceptionally large number of long wavelength absorbing chlorophylls (P. Haldall, Biol. Bull. 134, 1968, 411-424) as evident from a distinct shoulder in the absorption spectrum at around 710 nm while in the other strain this shoulder is absent. Therefore, Ostreobium offers a unique possibility to explore the origin of these red-shifted chlorophylls, because strains with and without these spectral forms can be compared. Here, we characterize these red forms spectroscopically by absorption, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. In the CD spectra at least three spectroscopic red forms are identified which lead to an unusual room temperature fluorescence spectrum that peaks at 715 nm. The gel electrophoretic pattern from thylakoids of Ostreobium sp. shows an intense band at 22 kDa which correlates with the presence or absence of long wavelength absorbing pigments. By protein sequencing of the N-terminus of the 22-kDa polypeptide and sequence alignments, this was identified as an Lhca1-type light-harvesting complex. The abundance of this polypeptide - and a possibly co-migrating one - in Ostreobium sp. indicates an antenna size of approximately 340 chlorophyll molecules (Chl a and Chl b) per PS IIalpha reaction center, which is significantly larger than in higher plants ( approximately 240). The red forms are more abundant in the interior of the thalli where a 'shade-light' light field is expected than in the white-light exposed surface. This demonstrates that algae exist which may be able to up-regulate the synthesis of large amounts of LHCI and associated red forms under appropriate illumination conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Koehne
- Abteilung Biophysik, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49069, Osnabrück, Germany
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Lee Y, Lloyd AM, Roux SJ. Antisense expression of the CK2 alpha-subunit gene in Arabidopsis. Effects on light-regulated gene expression and plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 119:989-1000. [PMID: 10069836 PMCID: PMC32112 DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.3.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/1998] [Accepted: 11/21/1998] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II) is thought to be involved in light-regulated gene expression in plants because of its ability to phosphorylate transcription factors that bind to the promoter regions of light-regulated genes in vitro. To address this possibility in vivo and to learn more about the potential physiological roles of CK2 in plants, we transformed Arabidopsis with an antisense construct of the CK2 alpha-subunit gene and investigated both morphological and molecular phenotypes. Antisense transformants had a smaller adult leaf size and showed increased expression of chs in darkness and of cab and rbcS after red-light treatment. The latter molecular phenotype implied that CK2 might serve as one of several negative and quantitative effectors in light-regulated gene expression. The possible mechanism of CK2 action and its involvement in the phytochrome signal transduction pathway are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Arabidopsis/enzymology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Base Sequence
- CDC2 Protein Kinase/genetics
- CDC2 Protein Kinase/metabolism
- Casein Kinase II
- DNA, Antisense/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
- Genes, Plant
- Light
- Plant Leaves/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Department of Botany and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713, USA
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6
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Hamazato F, Shinomura T, Hanzawa H, Chory J, Furuya M. Fluence and wavelength requirements for Arabidopsis CAB gene induction by different phytochromes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 115:1533-40. [PMID: 9414562 PMCID: PMC158619 DOI: 10.1104/pp.115.4.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The roles of different phytochromes have been investigated in the photoinduction of several chlorophyll a/b-binding protein genes (CAB) of Arabidopsis thaliana. Etiolated seedlings of the wild type, a phytochrome A (PhyA) null mutant (phyA), a phytochrome B (PhyB) null mutant (phyB), and phyA/phyB double mutant were exposed to monochromatic light to address the questions of the fluence and wavelength requirements for CAB induction by different phytochromes. In the wild type and the phyB mutant, PhyA photoirreversibly induced CAB expression upon irradiation with very-low-fluence light of 350 to 750 nm. In contrast, using the phyA mutant, PhyB photoreversibly induced CAB expression with low-fluence red light. The threshold fluences of red light for PhyA- and PhyB-specific induction were about 10 nmol m-2 and 10 mumol m-2, respectively. In addition, CAB expression was photoreversibly induced with low-fluence red light in the phyA/phyB double mutant, revealing that another phytochrome(s) (PhyX) regulated CAB expression in a manner similar to PhyB. These data suggest that plants utilize different phytochromes to perceive light of varying wave-lengths and fluence, and begin to explain how plants respond so exquisitely to changing light in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hamazato
- Hitachi Advanced Research Laboratory, Saitama, Japan
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7
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Zhang H, Goodman HM, Jansson S. Antisense inhibition of the photosystem I antenna protein Lhca4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 115:1525-31. [PMID: 9414561 PMCID: PMC158618 DOI: 10.1104/pp.115.4.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The function of Lhca4, a gene encoding the photosystem 1 type IV chlorophyll a/b-binding protein complex in Arabidopsis, was investigated using antisense technology. Lhca4 protein was reduced in a number of mutant lines and abolished in one. The inhibition of protein was not correlated with the inhibition of mRNA. No depletion of Lhca1 was observed, but the low-temperature fluorescence emission spectrum was drastically altered in the mutants. The emission maximum was blue-shifted by 6 nm, showing that chlorophyll molecules bound to Lhca4 are responsible for most of the long-wavelength fluorescence emission. Some mutants also showed an unexplainable delay in flowering time and an increase in seed weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA.
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Choi DK, Park HJ, Kim IS. A negative regulatory factor for the dark repression of Arabidopsis thaliana cab1 gene. Photochem Photobiol 1996; 64:870-5. [PMID: 8931388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb01850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A protein factor and its binding site involved in light-responsive gene expression of Arabidopsis thaliana cab1 were investigated. Mobility shift assays were performed to identify a nuclear protein factor and its binding sites on the cab1 promoter. For the binding assay, the Arabidopsis cab1 promoter was cleaved with endonucleases into small fragments (65-200 bp) and end-labeled with Klenow fragments. Nuclei were prepared from the light-grown plants and nuclear proteins were prepared by extracting the purified nuclei with 0.5 M ammonium sulfate. The binding site of the nuclear protein factor was scattered throughout the whole promoter region from the transcription start site to the far upstream region of the promoter. To identify the binding sites that are involved in the light responsiveness, mobility shift assays were performed between the cab1 promoter fragments and the nuclear extracts prepared from the 2 day dark-adapted sample. The mobility shift assay of the 65 bp (-318/ -254) fragment with nuclear extract from the dark-adapted sample showed an additional band, not seen with the light-grown sample. Because the new band was present only in the dark-adapted sample that repressed cab1 expression, it may represent a negative regulatory factor (NRF). The NRF was separable on a heparin-Sepharose column from the other factor present in both the light-grown and dark-adapted samples. The implications of the presence of the NRF have been discussed with respect to gene products of the photosignal transduction Arabidopsis mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Choi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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9
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Jennings RC, Bassi R, Zucchelli G. Antenna structure and energy transfer in higher plant photosystems. ELECTRON TRANSFER II 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-60110-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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10
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Jansson S, Gustafsson P. Characterization of cDNAs corresponding to two Lhca4 alleles from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 106:1693-4. [PMID: 7846172 PMCID: PMC159719 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.4.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Jansson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Sweden
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11
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Zhang H, Wang J, Goodman HM. Expression of the Arabidopsis Gene Akr Coincides with Chloroplast Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 106:1261-1267. [PMID: 12232406 PMCID: PMC159663 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.4.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reduced expression of a nuclear gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, Akr, results in the formation of chlorotic plants due to a block in the proplastid-to-chloroplast development pathway (H. Zhang, D.C. Scheirer, W. Fowle, H.M. Goodman [1992] Plant Cell 4: 1575-1588). In an effort to discern the function of the Akr gene product in chloroplast development, transgenic plants containing an Akr::[beta]-glucuronidase gene fusion were constructed to monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of Akr expression. Akr is expressed only in chloroplast-containing tissues and maximal expression occurs during the seedling stage, coincident with chloroplast development. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that Akr is required at an early stage of chloroplast development. The effects of an AKR deficiency on the expression of nuclear and plastid genes required for photosynthetic activity were also examined. Within chloroplast-deficient leaves of plants in which Akr expression is limited by the presence of Akr antisense transgenes or truncated Akr sense transgenes, mRNAs for the nuclear genes Cab2, Cab4, RbcS, and GapA are present at wild-type levels; similarly, levels of mRNAs for the plastid genes rbcL and psbA are not affected by the AKR deficiency. Thus, although expression of these photosynthetic genes is tightly coordinated with the development and maintenance of chloroplasts in wild-type plants, their expression is unaffected in AKR-deficient chlorotic leaves. Therefore, we propose that Akr functions in a pathway different from the one controlling the expression and regulation of the photosynthetic genes during chloroplast development, and at a specific developmental stage after the putative plastid factor is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Zhang H, Wang J, Goodman HM. Differential expression in Arabidopsis of Lhca2, a PSI cab gene. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 25:551-557. [PMID: 8049378 DOI: 10.1007/bf00043883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone of the gene Lhca2 encoding a photosystem I (PSI) type II chlorophyll a/b-binding protein was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. The isolation of this, the fourth PSI cab gene from Arabidopsis, confirms a previous report [1] that indicated Arabidopsis may contain all four PSI cab genes identified in other plant species. Lhca2 is a single-copy gene as are the other known Arabidopsis PSI cab genes. The patterns of developmental expression and tissue-specific regulation of Lhca2 are similar to those of other PSI and PSII cab genes, but the light induction pattern and the steady-state mRNA level of Lhca2 are distinct. This suggests that a different mechanism may be employed to regulate the expression of Lhca2.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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13
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Jansson S. The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1184:1-19. [PMID: 8305447 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Jansson
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Nap JP, van Spanje M, Dirkse WG, Baarda G, Mlynarova L, Loonen A, Grondhuis P, Stiekema WJ. Activity of the promoter of the Lhca3.St.1 gene, encoding the potato apoprotein 2 of the light-harvesting complex of Photosystem I, in transgenic potato and tobacco plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 23:605-12. [PMID: 8219093 DOI: 10.1007/bf00019307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated cDNA and genomic clones for the potato (Solanum tuberosum) apoprotein 2 of the light harvesting complex of Photosystem I, designated Lhca3.St.1. The protein shows all characteristics of the family of chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins. Potato Lhca3.1 gene expression occurs predominantly in leaves, and is transcriptionally regulated by light. One gene copy is present per haploid genome. The sequence of the 5' upstream region was determined. Most boxes identified in the promoter sequences of genes whose expression is light-regulated recur in the Lhca3.St.1 sequence. Functional analyses of the Lhca3.St.1 promoter and two deletion derivatives in transgenic potato transformed with a promoter-GUS fusion show high promoter activity in leaves and other green parts of the plant, which depends on light. Activity is absent in roots and potato tubers. The 500 bp promoter fragment is as active as the full 2.0 kb sequence, showing that all regulatory elements are present on the smallest deletion derivative. In transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants carrying the largest promoter derivative a similar distribution of activity is found. Promoter activity is not restricted to the phloem, but also prominent in the xylem of the young stem, which contrasts with promoters of other photosynthesis-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Nap
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research (CPRO-DLO), Wageningen, Netherlands
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Zhang H, Scheirer DC, Fowle WH, Goodman HM. Expression of antisense or sense RNA of an ankyrin repeat-containing gene blocks chloroplast differentiation in arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 1992; 4:1575-1588. [PMID: 1281700 DOI: 10.2307/3869500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis AKR gene that encodes a protein with four ankyrin repeats (a 33-amino acid motif that appears in the 89K domain of the human protein ankyrin) was isolated and characterized. A short sequence outside the ankyrin repeats is similar to that of the protein of the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox (msh) gene. The expression of the AKR gene is light dependent, and transgenic Arabidopsis plants with two or more copies of an antisense or sense AKR construct became chlorotic in a developmentally regulated manner. The chlorotic phenotype was genetically transmitted to the next generation, although most chlorotic plants produced much less seed. Reduced presence of thylakoid membranes and loss of grana are found in the plastids of chlorotic leaves, indicating that antisense or sense AKR has blocked chloroplast differentiation. This study indicates the importance of ankyrin repeat-containing proteins, not only in yeast and animals, but in plants as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Zhang H, Scheirer DC, Fowle WH, Goodman HM. Expression of antisense or sense RNA of an ankyrin repeat-containing gene blocks chloroplast differentiation in arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 1992; 4:1575-1588. [PMID: 1281700 PMCID: PMC160243 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.4.12.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis AKR gene that encodes a protein with four ankyrin repeats (a 33-amino acid motif that appears in the 89K domain of the human protein ankyrin) was isolated and characterized. A short sequence outside the ankyrin repeats is similar to that of the protein of the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox (msh) gene. The expression of the AKR gene is light dependent, and transgenic Arabidopsis plants with two or more copies of an antisense or sense AKR construct became chlorotic in a developmentally regulated manner. The chlorotic phenotype was genetically transmitted to the next generation, although most chlorotic plants produced much less seed. Reduced presence of thylakoid membranes and loss of grana are found in the plastids of chlorotic leaves, indicating that antisense or sense AKR has blocked chloroplast differentiation. This study indicates the importance of ankyrin repeat-containing proteins, not only in yeast and animals, but in plants as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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New nucleotide sequence data on the EMBL File Server. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:935-58. [PMID: 1542609 PMCID: PMC312073 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.4.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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