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Kamal H, Zafar MM, Parvaiz A, Razzaq A, Elhindi KM, Ercisli S, Qiao F, Jiang X. Gossypium hirsutum calmodulin-like protein (CML 11) interaction with geminivirus encoded protein using bioinformatics and molecular techniques. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132095. [PMID: 38710255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Plant viruses are the most abundant destructive agents that exist in every ecosystem, causing severe diseases in multiple crops worldwide. Currently, a major gap is present in computational biology determining plant viruses interaction with its host. We lay out a strategy to extract virus-host protein interactions using various protein binding and interface methods for Geminiviridae, a second largest virus family. Using this approach, transcriptional activator protein (TrAP/C2) encoded by Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) and Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMV) showed strong binding affinity with calmodulin-like (CML) protein of Gossypium hirsutum (Gh-CML11). Higher negative value for the change in Gibbs free energy between TrAP and Gh-CML11 indicated strong binding affinity. Consensus from gene ontology database and in-silico nuclear localization signal (NLS) tools identified subcellular localization of TrAP in the nucleus associated with Gh-CML11 for virus infection. Data based on interaction prediction and docking methods present evidences that full length and truncated C2 strongly binds with Gh-CML11. This computational data was further validated with molecular results collected from yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation system and pull down assay. In this work, we also show the outcomes of full length and truncated TrAP on plant machinery. This is a first extensive report to delineate a role of CML protein from cotton with begomoviruses encoded transcription activator protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Kamal
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Muhammad Mubashar Zafar
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Aqsa Parvaiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan. Pakistan
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan..
| | - Khalid M Elhindi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fei Qiao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Xuefei Jiang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, China..
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Wang H, Chen Q, Feng W. The Emerging Role of 2OGDs as Candidate Targets for Engineering Crops with Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1129. [PMID: 38674537 PMCID: PMC11054871 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by pathogens result in a marked decrease in crop yield and quality annually, greatly threatening food production and security worldwide. The creation and cultivation of disease-resistant cultivars is one of the most effective strategies to control plant diseases. Broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) is highly preferred by breeders because it confers plant resistance to diverse pathogen species or to multiple races or strains of one species. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed the roles of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases (2OGDs) as essential regulators of plant disease resistance. Indeed, 2OGDs catalyze a large number of oxidative reactions, participating in the plant-specialized metabolism or biosynthesis of the major phytohormones and various secondary metabolites. Moreover, several 2OGD genes are characterized as negative regulators of plant defense responses, and the disruption of these genes via genome editing tools leads to enhanced BSR against pathogens in crops. Here, the recent advances in the isolation and identification of defense-related 2OGD genes in plants and their exploitation in crop improvement are comprehensively reviewed. Also, the strategies for the utilization of 2OGD genes as targets for engineering BSR crops are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China;
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinghe Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China;
| | - Wanzhen Feng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China;
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3
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Liang Y, Wan J, Zhang X, Li K, Su J, Gui M, Li Y, Liu Y. Comprehensive phytohormone metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) infected by tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Virus Res 2024; 342:199334. [PMID: 38325524 PMCID: PMC10875290 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is ranked among the top 10 most destructive viruses globally. It results in abnormal leaf growth, stunting, and even death, significantly affecting crop yield and quality. Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating plant-virus interactions. However, there is still limited research on the effect of TSWV on phytohormone levels, particularly growth hormones and genes involved in the phytohormone pathway. In our study, we combined phytohormone metabolomics and transcriptomics to examine the impact of TSWV infection on phytohormone content and gene expression profile. Metabolomic results showed that 41 metabolites, including major phytohormones and their precursors and derivatives were significantly altered after 14 days of TSWV inoculation tobacco plants cvK326, with 31 being significantly increased and 10 significantly reduced. Specifically, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) were significantly reduced. The levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) have remained unchanged. However, the levels of cytokinin isopentenyladenine (iP) and salicylic acid (SA) significantly increased. The transcriptome analysis revealed 2,746 genes with significant changes in expression. Out of these, 1,072 genes were significantly downregulated, while 1,674 genes were significantly upregulated. Among them, genes involved in ABA synthesis and signaling pathways, such as 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), serine/threonine-protein kinase (SnRK2), and abscisic acid responsive element binding factor (ABF), exhibited significant downregulation. Additionally, expression of the lipoxygenase gene LOX, Jasmonate ZIM domain-containing protein gene JAZ, and transcription factor gene MYC were significantly down-regulated. In the cytokinin pathway, while there were no significant changes in the expression of the cytokinin synthesis genes, a significant downregulation of transcriptionally active factor type-B response regulators (type-B RRs) was observed. In terms of SA synthesis and signaling pathways, the isochorismate synthase gene ICS1 and the pathogenesis-related gene PR1 were significantly upregulated. These results can strengthen the theoretical foundation for understanding the interaction between TSWV and tobacco and provide new insights for the future prevention and control of TSWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Institute of Horticultural Research,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Jinfeng Wan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; College of Food, Drug and Health, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming 6 50212, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kunming Li
- Institute of Horticultural Research,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Horticultural Research,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Min Gui
- Institute of Horticultural Research,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Yongzhong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Yating Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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Palukaitis P, Yoon JY. Defense signaling pathways in resistance to plant viruses: Crosstalk and finger pointing. Adv Virus Res 2024; 118:77-212. [PMID: 38461031 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to infection by plant viruses involves proteins encoded by plant resistance (R) genes, viz., nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeats (NLRs), immune receptors. These sensor NLRs are activated either directly or indirectly by viral protein effectors, in effector-triggered immunity, leading to induction of defense signaling pathways, resulting in the synthesis of numerous downstream plant effector molecules that inhibit different stages of the infection cycle, as well as the induction of cell death responses mediated by helper NLRs. Early events in this process involve recognition of the activation of the R gene response by various chaperones and the transport of these complexes to the sites of subsequent events. These events include activation of several kinase cascade pathways, and the syntheses of two master transcriptional regulators, EDS1 and NPR1, as well as the phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. The phytohormones, which transit from a primed, resting states to active states, regulate the remainder of the defense signaling pathways, both directly and by crosstalk with each other. This regulation results in the turnover of various suppressors of downstream events and the synthesis of various transcription factors that cooperate and/or compete to induce or suppress transcription of either other regulatory proteins, or plant effector molecules. This network of interactions results in the production of defense effectors acting alone or together with cell death in the infected region, with or without the further activation of non-specific, long-distance resistance. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding these processes and the components of the local responses, their interactions, regulation, and crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Palukaitis
- Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Yeon Yoon
- Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Prasad A, Sharma S, Prasad M. Post translational modifications at the verge of plant-geminivirus interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194983. [PMID: 37717937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-virus interaction is a complex phenomenon and involves the communication between plant and viral factors. Viruses have very limited coding ability yet, they are able to cause infection which results in huge agro-economic losses throughout the globe each year. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent modifications of proteins that have a drastic effect on their conformation, stability and function. Like the host proteins, geminiviral proteins are also subject to PTMs and these modifications greatly expand the diversity of their functions. Additionally, these viral proteins can also interact with the components of PTM pathways and modulate them. Several studies have highlighted the importance of PTMs such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, myristoylation, S-acylation, acetylation and methylation in plant-geminivirus interaction. PTMs also regulate epigenetic modifications during geminivirus infection which determines viral gene expression. In this review, we have summarized the role of PTMs in regulating geminiviral protein function, influence of PTMs on viral gene expression and how geminiviral proteins interact with the components of PTM pathways to modulate their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Prasad
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
| | | | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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6
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Li Z, Tang Y, Lan G, Yu L, Ding S, She X, He Z. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal That Jasmonic Acids May Facilitate the Infection of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus in Bottle Gourd. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16566. [PMID: 38068889 PMCID: PMC10706418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a typical seed-borne tobamovirus that mainly infects cucurbit crops. Due to the rapid growth of international trade, CGMMV has spread worldwide and become a significant threat to cucurbit industry. Despite various studies focusing on the interaction between CGMMV and host plants, the molecular mechanism of CGMMV infection is still unclear. In this study, we utilized transcriptome and metabolome analyses to investigate the antiviral response of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) under CGMMV stress. The transcriptome analysis revealed that in comparison to mock-inoculated bottle gourd, 1929 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in CGMMV-inoculated bottle gourd. Among them, 1397 genes were upregulated while 532 genes were downregulated. KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in pathways including the metabolic pathway, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The metabolome result showed that there were 76 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), of which 69 metabolites were up-accumulated, and 7 metabolites were down-accumulated. These DAMs were clustered into several pathways, including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, tyrosine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Combining the transcriptome and metabolome results, the genes and metabolites involved in the jasmonic acid and its derivatives (JAs) synthesis pathway were significantly induced upon CGMMV infection. The silencing of the allene oxide synthase (AOS) gene, which is the key gene involved in JAs synthesis, reduced CGMMV accumulation. These findings suggest that JAs may facilitate CGMMV infection in bottle gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoman She
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.L.); (Y.T.); (G.L.); (L.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Zifu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.L.); (Y.T.); (G.L.); (L.Y.); (S.D.)
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7
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Atsumi G, Naramoto S, Nishihara M, Nakatsuka T, Tomita R, Matsushita Y, Hoshi N, Shirakawa A, Kobayashi K, Fukuda H, Sekine KT. Identification of a novel viral factor inducing tumorous symptoms by disturbing vascular development in planta. J Virol 2023; 97:e0046323. [PMID: 37668368 PMCID: PMC10537666 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00463-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses induce various disease symptoms that substantially impact agriculture, but the underlying mechanisms of viral disease in plants are poorly understood. Kobu-sho is a disease in gentian that shows gall formation with ectopic development of lignified cells and vascular tissues such as xylem. Here, we show that a gene fragment of gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus, which is designated as Kobu-sho-inducing factor (KOBU), induces gall formation accompanied by ectopic development of lignified cells and xylem-like tissue in Nicotiana benthamiana. Transgenic gentian expressing KOBU exhibited tumorous symptoms, confirming the gall-forming activity of KOBU. Surprisingly, KOBU expression can also induce differentiation of an additional leaf-like tissue on the abaxial side of veins in normal N. benthamiana and gentian leaves. Transcriptome analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana expressing KOBU revealed that KOBU activates signaling pathways that regulate xylem development. KOBU protein forms granules and plate-like structures and co-localizes with mRNA splicing factors within the nucleus. Our findings suggest that KOBU is a novel pleiotropic virulence factor that stimulates vascular and leaf development. IMPORTANCE While various mechanisms determine disease symptoms in plants depending on virus-host combinations, the details of how plant viruses induce symptoms remain largely unknown in most plant species. Kobu-sho is a disease in gentian that shows gall formation with ectopic development of lignified cells and vascular tissues such as xylem. Our findings demonstrate that a gene fragment of gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus (GKaV), which is designated as Kobu-sho-inducing factor, induces the gall formation accompanied by the ectopic development of lignified cells and xylem-like tissue in Nicotiana benthamiana. The molecular mechanism by which gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus induces the Kobu-sho symptoms will provide new insight into not only plant-virus interactions but also the regulatory mechanisms underlying vascular and leaf development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Atsumi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Reiko Tomita
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobue Hoshi
- Iwate Agricultural Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Kappei Kobayashi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Taro Sekine
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Conservation Biology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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8
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Langin G, González-Fuente M, Üstün S. The Plant Ubiquitin-Proteasome System as a Target for Microbial Manipulation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:351-375. [PMID: 37253695 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system perceives pathogens to trigger defense responses. In turn, pathogens secrete effector molecules to subvert these defense responses. The initiation and maintenance of defense responses involve not only de novo synthesis of regulatory proteins and enzymes but also their regulated degradation. The latter is achieved through protein degradation pathways such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS regulates all stages of immunity, from the perception of the pathogen to the execution of the response, and, therefore, constitutes an ideal candidate for microbial manipulation of the host. Pathogen effector molecules interfere with the plant UPS through several mechanisms. This includes hijacking general UPS functions or perturbing its ability to degrade specific targets. In this review, we describe how the UPS regulates different immunity-related processes and how pathogens subvert this to promote disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Langin
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Suayib Üstün
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Sun H, Jing X, Wang C, Wang P, Huang Z, Sun B, Li P, Li H, Zhang C. The Great Game between Plants and Viruses: A Focus on Protein Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12582. [PMID: 37628763 PMCID: PMC10454472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses are tiny pathogenic obligate parasites that cause significant damage to global crop production. They exploit and manipulate the cellular components of host plants to ensure their own survival. In response, plants activate multiple defense signaling pathways, such as gene silencing and plant hormone signaling, to hinder virus propagation. Growing evidence suggests that the regulation of protein homeostasis plays a vital role in the ongoing battle between plants and viruses. The ubiquitin-proteasome-degradation system (UPS) and autophagy, as two major protein-degradation pathways, are widely utilized by plants and viruses in their arms race. One the one hand, these pathways act as essential components of plant's antiviral defense system by facilitating the degradation of viral proteins; on the other hand, viruses exploit the UPS and autophagy to create a favorable intracellular environment for viral infection. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the events involved in protein homeostasis regulation during viral infection in plants. Gaining knowledge in this area will enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between plants and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengyue Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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10
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Breves SS, Silva FA, Euclydes NC, Saia TFF, Jean-Baptiste J, Andrade Neto ER, Fontes EPB. Begomovirus-Host Interactions: Viral Proteins Orchestrating Intra and Intercellular Transport of Viral DNA While Suppressing Host Defense Mechanisms. Viruses 2023; 15:1593. [PMID: 37515277 PMCID: PMC10384534 DOI: 10.3390/v15071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Begomoviruses, which belong to the Geminiviridae family, are intracellular parasites transmitted by whiteflies to dicotyledonous plants thatsignificantly damage agronomically relevant crops. These nucleus-replicating DNA viruses move intracellularly from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and then, like other plant viruses, cause disease by spreading systemically throughout the plant. The transport proteins of begomoviruses play a crucial role in recruiting host components for the movement of viral DNA within and between cells, while exhibiting functions that suppress the host's immune defense. Pioneering studies on species of the Begomovirus genus have identified specific viral transport proteins involved in intracellular transport, cell-to-cell movement, and systemic spread. Recent research has primarily focused on viral movement proteins and their interactions with the cellular host transport machinery, which has significantly expanded understanding on viral infection pathways. This review focuses on three components within this context: (i) the role of viral transport proteins, specifically movement proteins (MPs) and nuclear shuttle proteins (NSPs), (ii) their ability to recruit host factors for intra- and intercellular viral movement, and (iii) the suppression of antiviral immunity, with a particular emphasis on bipartite begomoviral movement proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sâmera S Breves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Fredy A Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Nívea C Euclydes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Thainá F F Saia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - James Jean-Baptiste
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Eugenio R Andrade Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth P B Fontes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
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11
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Silva-Martins G, Roussin-Léveillée C, Bolaji A, Veerapen VP, Moffett P. A Jasmonic Acid-Related Mechanism Affects ARGONAUTE5 Expression and Antiviral Defense Against Potato Virus X in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:425-433. [PMID: 36853196 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-22-0224-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During virus infection, Argonaute (AGO) proteins bind to Dicer-produced virus small interfering RNAs and target viral RNA based on sequence complementarity, thereby limiting virus proliferation. The Arabidopsis AGO2 protein is important for resistance to multiple viruses, including potato virus X (PVX). In addition, AGO5 is important in systemic defense against PVX. Normally AGO5 is expressed only in reproductive tissues, and its induction by virus infection is thought to be important for its participation in antiviral defense. However, it is unclear what mechanisms induce AGO5 expression in response to virus infection. Here, we show that dde2-2, a mutant compromised in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, displays constitutive upregulation of AGO5. This mutant also showed increased resistance to PVX and this resistance was dependent on a functional AGO5 gene. Furthermore, methyl jasmonate treatment ablated AGO5 expression in leaves during virus infection and resulted in increased susceptibility to virus. Our results further support a role for AGO5 in antiviral RNA silencing and a negative regulation by JA, a plant hormone associated with defense against plant-feeding arthropods, which are often the vectors of plant viruses. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Silva-Martins
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | | | - Ayooluwa Bolaji
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Varusha Pillay Veerapen
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Peter Moffett
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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12
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Samaniego-Gámez BY, Valle-Gough RE, Garruña-Hernández R, Reyes-Ramírez A, Latournerie-Moreno L, Tun-Suárez JM, Villanueva-Alonzo HDJ, Nuñez-Ramírez F, Diaz LC, Samaniego-Gámez SU, Minero-García Y, Hernandez-Zepeda C, Moreno-Valenzuela OA. Induced Systemic Resistance in the Bacillus spp.- Capsicum chinense Jacq.-PepGMV Interaction, Elicited by Defense-Related Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112069. [PMID: 37299048 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a mechanism involved in the plant defense response against pathogens. Certain members of the Bacillus genus are able to promote the ISR by maintaining a healthy photosynthetic apparatus, which prepares the plant for future stress situations. The goal of the present study was to analyze the effect of the inoculation of Bacillus on the expression of genes involved in plant responses to pathogens, as a part of the ISR, during the interaction of Capsicum chinense infected with PepGMV. The effects of the inoculation of the Bacillus strains in pepper plants infected with PepGMV were evaluated by observing the accumulation of viral DNA and the visible symptoms of pepper plants during a time-course experiment in greenhouse and in in vitro experiments. The relative expression of the defense genes CcNPR1, CcPR10, and CcCOI1 were also evaluated. The results showed that the plants inoculated with Bacillus subtilis K47, Bacillus cereus K46, and Bacillus sp. M9 had a reduction in the PepGMV viral titer, and the symptoms in these plants were less severe compared to the plants infected with PepGMV and non-inoculated with Bacillus. Additionally, an increase in the transcript levels of CcNPR1, CcPR10, and CcCOI1 was observed in plants inoculated with Bacillus strains. Our results suggest that the inoculation of Bacillus strains interferes with the viral replication, through the increase in the transcription of pathogenesis-related genes, which is reflected in a lowered plant symptomatology and an improved yield in the greenhouse, regardless of PepGMV infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blancka Yesenia Samaniego-Gámez
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Raúl Enrique Valle-Gough
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
| | - René Garruña-Hernández
- CONACYT-National Technological Institute of Mexico, Technological Institute of Conkal, CONACYT, Tecnológico Ave. s/n, Conkal P.O. Box 97345, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Arturo Reyes-Ramírez
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, Conkal Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Av. Tecnológico s/n, Conkal P.O. Box 97345, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis Latournerie-Moreno
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, Conkal Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Av. Tecnológico s/n, Conkal P.O. Box 97345, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - José María Tun-Suárez
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, Conkal Institute of Technology, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Av. Tecnológico s/n, Conkal P.O. Box 97345, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Hernán de Jesús Villanueva-Alonzo
- Regional Research Center "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Cell Biology Laboratory, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Av. Itzáez, Nmbr. 490 by 59 St. Centro, Merida P.O. Box 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Fidel Nuñez-Ramírez
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Cervantes Diaz
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Samuel Uriel Samaniego-Gámez
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Delta Highway s/n Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali P.O. Box 21705, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Yereni Minero-García
- Yucatan Center of Scientific Research, Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, 43 St., Nmbr. 130, Chuburna de Hidalgo, Merida P.O. Box 97200, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Hernandez-Zepeda
- Yucatan Center of Scientific Research, Water Sciences Unit, 8 St., Nmbr. 39, SM 64, Mz. 29, Cancun P.O. Box 77500, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Oscar A Moreno-Valenzuela
- Yucatan Center of Scientific Research, Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, 43 St., Nmbr. 130, Chuburna de Hidalgo, Merida P.O. Box 97200, Yucatán, Mexico
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Cao B, Ge L, Zhang M, Li F, Zhou X. Geminiviral C2 proteins inhibit active autophagy to facilitate virus infection by impairing the interaction of ATG7 and ATG8. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1328-1343. [PMID: 36639894 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation process that plays an active role in plant response to virus infections. Here we report that geminiviruses counteract activated autophagy-mediated antiviral defense in plant cells through the C2 proteins they encode. We found that, in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) infection upregulated the transcription levels of autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Overexpression of NbATG5, NbATG7, or NbATG8a in N. benthamiana plants decreased TLCYnV accumulation and attenuated viral symptoms. Interestingly, transgenic overexpression of NbATG7 promoted the growth of N. benthamiana plants and enhanced plant resistance to TLCYnV. We further revealed that the C2 protein encoded by TLCYnV directly interacted with the ubiquitin-activating domain of ATG7. This interaction competitively disrupted the ATG7-ATG8 binding in N. benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum plants, thereby inhibiting autophagy activity. Furthermore, we uncovered that the C2-mediated autophagy inhibition mechanism was conserved in three other geminiviruses. In summary, we discovered a novel counter-defensive strategy employed by geminiviruses that enlists their C2 proteins as disrupters of ATG7-ATG8 interactions to defeat antiviral autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linhao Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Rosas-Diaz T, Cana-Quijada P, Wu M, Hui D, Fernandez-Barbero G, Macho AP, Solano R, Castillo AG, Wang XW, Lozano-Duran R, Bejarano ER. The transcriptional regulator JAZ8 interacts with the C2 protein from geminiviruses and limits the geminiviral infection in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36946519 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are phytohormones that finely regulate critical biological processes, including plant development and defense. JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are crucial transcriptional regulators that keep JA-responsive genes in a repressed state. In the presence of JA-Ile, JAZ repressors are ubiquitinated and targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system, allowing the activation of downstream transcription factors and, consequently, the induction of JA-responsive genes. A growing body of evidence has shown that JA signaling is crucial in defending against plant viruses and their insect vectors. Here, we describe the interaction of C2 proteins from two tomato-infecting geminiviruses from the genus Begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato yellow curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSaV), with the transcriptional repressor JAZ8 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its closest orthologue in tomato, SlJAZ9. Both JAZ and C2 proteins colocalize in the nucleus, forming discrete nuclear speckles. Overexpression of JAZ8 did not lead to altered responses to TYLCV infection in Arabidopsis; however, knock-down of JAZ8 favors geminiviral infection. Low levels of JAZ8 likely affect the viral infection specifically, since JAZ8-silenced plants neither display obvious developmental phenotypes nor present differences in their interaction with the viral insect vector. In summary, our results show that the geminivirus-encoded C2 interacts with JAZ8 in the nucleus, and suggest that this plant protein exerts an anti-geminiviral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Rosas-Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pepe Cana-Quijada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mengshi Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Du Hui
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gemma Fernandez-Barbero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Roberto Solano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Eduardo R Bejarano
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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15
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Zhang B, Feng H, Ge W, Wang X, Zhang J, Ji R. BrUFO positively regulates the infection of Chinese cabbage by Plasmodiophora brassicae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1128515. [PMID: 36968418 PMCID: PMC10034201 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chinese cabbage is one of the most important vegetable crops in China. However, the clubroot disease caused by the infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae (P. brassicae) has seriously affected the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. In our previous study, BrUFO gene was found to be significantly up-regulated in diseased roots of Chinese cabbage after inoculation with P. brassicae. UFO (UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS) have the properties of substrate recognition during ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. A variety of plant can activate immunity response through the ubiquitination pathway. Therefore, it is very important to study the function of UFO in response to P. brassicae. METHODS In this study, The expression pattern of BrUFO Gene was measured by qRT-PCR and In situ Hybridization (ISH). The expression location of BrUFO in cells was determined by subcellular localization. The function of BrUFO was verified by Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS). proteins interacting with BrUFO protein were screened by yeast two-hybrid. RESULTS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization analysis showed that expression of BrUFO gene in the resistant plants was lower than that in susceptible plants. Subcellular localization analysis showed that BrUFO gene was expressed in the nucleus. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis showed that silencing of BrUFO gene reduced the incidence of clubroot disease. Six proteins interacting with BrUFO protein were screened by Y2H assay. Two of them (Bra038955, a B-cell receptor-associated 31-like protein and Bra021273, a GDSL-motif esterase/acyltransferase/lipase Enzyme) were confirmed to strongly interact with BrUFO protein. DISCUSSION BrUFO gene should be a key gene of chinese cabbage against the infection of P. brassicae. BrUFO gene silencing improves the resistance of plants to clubroot disease. BrUFO protein may interact with CUS2 to induce ubiquitination in PRR-mediated PTI reaction through GDSL lipases, so as to achieve the effect of Chinese cabbage against the infection of P. brassicae.
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16
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Zhang J, Ma M, Liu Y, Ismayil A. Plant Defense and Viral Counter-Defense during Plant-Geminivirus Interactions. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020510. [PMID: 36851725 PMCID: PMC9964946 DOI: 10.3390/v15020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are the largest family of plant viruses that cause severe diseases and devastating yield losses of economically important crops worldwide. In response to geminivirus infection, plants have evolved ingenious defense mechanisms to diminish or eliminate invading viral pathogens. However, increasing evidence shows that geminiviruses can interfere with plant defense response and create a suitable cell environment by hijacking host plant machinery to achieve successful infections. In this review, we discuss recent findings about plant defense and viral counter-defense during plant-geminivirus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Mengyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Asigul Ismayil
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Kumar R, Dasgupta I. Geminiviral C4/AC4 proteins: An emerging component of the viral arsenal against plant defence. Virology 2023; 579:156-168. [PMID: 36693289 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection triggers a plethora of defence reactions in plants to incapacitate the intruder. Viruses, in turn, have added additional functions to their genes so that they acquire capabilities to neutralize the above defence reactions. In plant-infecting viruses, the family Geminiviridae comprises members, majority of whom encode 6-8 genes in their small single-stranded DNA genomes. Of the above genes, one which shows the most variability in its amino acid sequence is the C4/AC4. Recent studies have uncovered evidence, which point towards a wide repertoire of functions performed by C4/AC4 revealing its role as a major player in suppressing plant defence. This review summarizes the various plant defence mechanisms against viruses and highlights how C4/AC4 has evolved to counter most of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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18
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Hu S, Yu K, Yan J, Shan X, Xie D. Jasmonate perception: Ligand-receptor interaction, regulation, and evolution. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:23-42. [PMID: 36056561 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones integrate external environmental and developmental signals with internal cellular responses for plant survival and multiplication in changing surroundings. Jasmonate (JA), which might originate from prokaryotes and benefit plant terrestrial adaptation, is a vital phytohormone that regulates diverse developmental processes and defense responses against various environmental stresses. In this review, we first provide an overview of ligand-receptor binding techniques used for the characterization of phytohormone-receptor interactions, then introduce the identification of the receptor COI1 and active JA molecules, and finally summarize recent advances on the regulation of JA perception and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaiming Yu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan 528200, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Shan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Daoxin Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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19
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Dong Y, Zhu H, Qiu D. Hrip1 enhances tomato resistance to yellow leaf curl virus by manipulating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone pathway. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 36532856 PMCID: PMC9755419 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes tremendous losses of tomato worldwide. An elicitor Hrip1, which produced by Alternaria tenuissima, can serve as a pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to trigger the immune defense response in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we show that Hrip1 can be targeted to the extracellular space and significantly delayed the development of symptoms caused by TYLCV in tomato. In basis of RNA-seq profiling, we find that 1621 differential expression genes (DEGs) with the opposite expression patterns are enriched in plant response to biotic stress between Hrip1 treatment and TYLCV infection of tomato. Thirty-two known differential expression miRNAs with the opposite expression patterns are identified by small RNA sequencing and the target genes of these miRNAs are significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and peroxisome. Based on the Pearson correlation analysis, 13 negative and 21 positive correlations are observed between differential expression miRNAs and DEGs. These miRNAs, which act as a key mediator of tomato resistance to TYLCV induced by Hrip1, regulate the expression of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction-related genes. Taken together, our results provide an insight into tomato resistance to TYLCV induced by PAMP at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03426-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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20
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Wang L, Tan H, Medina-Puche L, Wu M, Garnelo Gomez B, Gao M, Shi C, Jimenez-Gongora T, Fan P, Ding X, Zhang D, Ding Y, Rosas-Díaz T, Liu Y, Aguilar E, Fu X, Lozano-Durán R. Combinatorial interactions between viral proteins expand the potential functional landscape of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus proteome. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010909. [PMID: 36256684 PMCID: PMC9633003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses manipulate the cells they infect in order to replicate and spread. Due to strict size restrictions, viral genomes have reduced genetic space; how the action of the limited number of viral proteins results in the cell reprogramming observed during the infection is a long-standing question. Here, we explore the hypothesis that combinatorial interactions may expand the functional landscape of the viral proteome. We show that the proteins encoded by a plant-infecting DNA virus, the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), physically associate with one another in an intricate network, as detected by a number of protein-protein interaction techniques. Importantly, our results indicate that intra-viral protein-protein interactions can modify the subcellular localization of the proteins involved. Using one particular pairwise interaction, that between the virus-encoded C2 and CP proteins, as proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that the combination of viral proteins leads to novel transcriptional effects on the host cell. Taken together, our results underscore the importance of studying viral protein function in the context of the infection. We propose a model in which viral proteins might have evolved to extensively interact with other elements within the viral proteome, enlarging the potential functional landscape available to the pathogen. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that depend on the molecular machinery of their host cell to complete their life cycle. For this purpose, viruses co-opt host processes, modulating or redirecting them. Most viruses have small genomes, and hence limited coding capacity. During the viral invasion, virus-encoded proteins will be produced in large amounts and coexist in the infected cell, which enables physical or functional interactions among viral proteins, potentially expanding the virus-host functional interface by increasing the number of potential targets in the host cell and/or synergistically modulating the cellular environment. Examples of interactions between viral proteins have been recently documented for both animal and plant viruses; however, the hypothesis that viral proteins might have a combinatorial effect, which would lead to the acquisition of novel functions, lacks systematic experimental validation. Here, we use the geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a plant-infecting virus with reduced proteome and causing devastating diseases in crops, to test the idea that combinatorial interactions between viral proteins exist and might underlie an expansion of the functional landscape of the viral proteome. Our results indicate that viral proteins prevalently interact with one another in the context of the infection, which can result in the acquisition of novel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Medina-Puche
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mengshi Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Borja Garnelo Gomez
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Gao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Shi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamara Jimenez-Gongora
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tábata Rosas-Díaz
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Emmanuel Aguilar
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Area de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xing Fu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Durán
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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21
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Gao DM, Zhang ZJ, Qiao JH, Gao Q, Zang Y, Xu WY, Xie L, Fang XD, Ding ZH, Yang YZ, Wang Y, Wang XB. A rhabdovirus accessory protein inhibits jasmonic acid signaling in plants to attract insect vectors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1349-1364. [PMID: 35771641 PMCID: PMC9516739 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant rhabdoviruses heavily rely on insect vectors for transmission between sessile plants. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of insect attraction and transmission of plant rhabdoviruses. In this study, we used an arthropod-borne cytorhabdovirus, Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV), to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of a rhabdovirus accessory protein in improving plant attractiveness to insect vectors. Here, we found that BYSMV-infected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants attracted more insect vectors than mock-treated plants. Interestingly, overexpression of BYSMV P6, an accessory protein, in transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants substantially increased host attractiveness to insect vectors through inhibiting the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. The BYSMV P6 protein interacted with the constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5) of barley plants in vivo and in vitro, and negatively affected CSN5-mediated deRUBylation of cullin1 (CUL1). Consequently, the defective CUL1-based Skp1/Cullin1/F-box ubiquitin E3 ligases could not mediate degradation of jasmonate ZIM-domain proteins, resulting in compromised JA signaling and increased insect attraction. Overexpression of BYSMV P6 also inhibited JA signaling in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants to attract insects. Our results provide insight into how a plant cytorhabdovirus subverts plant JA signaling to attract insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen-Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ji-Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Ya Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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22
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The Ubiquitin–Proteasome System (UPS) and Viral Infection in Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192476. [PMID: 36235343 PMCID: PMC9572368 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is crucial in maintaining cellular physiological balance. The UPS performs quality control and degrades proteins that have already fulfilled their regulatory purpose. The UPS is essential for cellular and organic homeostasis, and its functions regulate DNA repair, gene transcription, protein activation, and receptor trafficking. Besides that, the UPS protects cellular immunity and acts on the host’s defense system. In order to produce successful infections, viruses frequently need to manipulate the UPS to maintain the proper level of viral proteins and hijack defense mechanisms. This review highlights and updates the mechanisms and strategies used by plant viruses to subvert the defenses of their hosts. Proteins involved in these mechanisms are important clues for biotechnological approaches in viral resistance.
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23
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Zou JP, Zhao QF, Yang T, Shang YF, Ahammed GJ, Zhou J. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RING1 interacts with COP9 Signalosome Subunit 4 to positively regulate resistance to root-knot nematodes in Solanum lycopersicum L. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111344. [PMID: 35659944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, root-knot nematodes (RKNs) cause massive production losses in all major crops. E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in plant growth, development and immune response. But their roles in plant defense against RKNs are largely unclear. Here, we show that tomato E3 ubiquitin ligase RING1 interacts with COP9 Signalosome Subunit 4 (CSN4) which is essential for jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent basal defense against RKNs. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that RING1 expression was the highest in tomato roots and the expression was significantly increased with RKN (Meloidogyne incognita) infection. Compared with the wild-type plants, the number of egg masses in roots significantly increased in the ring1 mutants, while RING1 overexpression conferred resistance against RKNs. Furthermore, RKN infection increased the accumulation of CSN4 protein in the roots of wild-type plants, which was largely compromised in the ring1 mutants but was enhanced in the RING1 overexpressing plants. The RKN-induced transcripts of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes as well as the accumulation of JA and JA-isoleucine were compromised in ring1 mutants but were increased in RING1 overexpressing plants. These results suggest that RING1 positively regulates JA-dependent basal defense against RKNs by interacting with CSN4 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Zou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiu-Feng Zhao
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Fen Shang
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China.
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24
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Zhang C, Wang X, Li H, Wang J, Zeng Q, Huang W, Huang H, Xie Y, Yu S, Kan Q, Wang Q, Cheng Y. GLRaV-2 protein p24 suppresses host defenses by interaction with a RAV transcription factor from grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1848-1865. [PMID: 35485966 PMCID: PMC9237672 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) is a prevalent virus associated with grapevine leafroll disease, but the molecular mechanism underlying GLRaV-2 infection is largely unclear. Here, we report that 24-kDa protein (p24), an RNA-silencing suppressor (RSS) encoded by GLRaV-2, promotes GLRaV-2 accumulation via interaction with the B3 DNA-binding domain of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) RELATED TO ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3/VIVIPAROUS1 (VvRAV1), a transcription factor belonging to the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) superfamily. Salicylic acid-inducible VvRAV1 positively regulates the grapevine pathogenesis-related protein 1 (VvPR1) gene by directly binding its promoter, indicating that VvRAV1 may function in the regulation of host basal defense responses. p24 hijacks VvRAV1 to the cytoplasm and employs the protein to sequester 21-nt double-stranded siRNA together, thereby enhancing its own RSS activity. Moreover, p24 enters the nucleus via interaction with VvRAV1 and weakens the latter's binding affinity to the VvPR1 promoter, leading to decreased expression of VvPR1. Our results provide a mechanism by which a viral RSS interferes with both the antiviral RNA silencing and the AP2/ERF-mediated defense responses via the targeting of one specific host factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianyou Wang
- Department of Pomology/Lab of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits, Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanwei Li
- Department of Pomology/Lab of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits, Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinying Wang
- Department of Pomology/Lab of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits, Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Pomology/Lab of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits, Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- Department of Pomology/Lab of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits, Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haoqiang Huang
- Department of Pomology/Lab of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits, Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinshuai Xie
- Department of Pomology/Lab of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits, Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shangzhen Yu
- Department of Pomology/Lab of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits, Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Kan
- Department of Pomology/Lab of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology for Tree Fruits, Key Lab of Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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25
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Prasad A, Prasad M. Interaction of ToLCNDV TrAP with SlATG8f marks it susceptible to degradation by autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:241. [PMID: 35428912 PMCID: PMC11072827 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a devastating plant pathogen which causes significant losses in tomato yield. According to previous reports, proteins of geminiviruses like βC1 of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus and C1 of Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus are degraded by the autophagy pathway. There are no reports on the role of autophagy in ToLCNDV pathogenesis. In this study, we have shown that SlATG8f interacts with the ToLCNDV Transcription activator protein (TrAP; AC2) to mediate its degradation by the autophagy pathway. Silencing of SlATG8f in a ToLCNDV tolerant tomato cultivar; H-88-78-1 resulted in enhanced viral symptoms and ToLCNDV accumulation suggesting an anti-viral role for SlATG8f against ToLCNDV. TrAP is a nucleus localized protein, but it interacts with SlATG8f in and outside the nucleus indicating its nuclear export. This export might be mediated by Exportin1 as treatment with Exportin1 inhibitor inhibits TrAP export outside the nucleus. ToLCNDV TrAP is known to possess host RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity. Degradation of TrAP results in the attenuation of its RSS activity. To the best of our knowledge, we have shown for the first time that SlATG8f-TrAP interaction leads to TrAP degradation providing defence against ToLCNDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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26
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Zhao S, Gong P, Ren Y, Liu H, Li H, Li F, Zhou X. The novel C5 protein from tomato yellow leaf curl virus is a virulence factor and suppressor of gene silencing. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:19. [PMID: 37676365 PMCID: PMC10442036 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is known to encode 6 canonical viral proteins. Our recent study revealed that TYLCV also encodes some additional small proteins with potential virulence functions. The fifth ORF of TYLCV in the complementary sense, which we name C5, is evolutionarily conserved, but little is known about its expression and function during viral infection. Here, we confirmed the expression of the TYLCV C5 by analyzing the promoter activity of its upstream sequences and by detecting the C5 protein in infected cells by using a specific custom-made antibody. Ectopic expression of C5 using a potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in severe mosaic symptoms and higher virus accumulation levels followed by a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. C5 was able to effectively suppress local and systemic post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) induced by single-stranded GFP but not double-stranded GFP, and reversed the transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) of GFP. Furthermore, the mutation of C5 in TYLCV inhibited viral replication and the development of disease symptoms in infected plants. Transgenic overexpression of C5 could complement the virulence of a TYLCV infectious clone encoding a dysfunctional C5. Collectively, this study reveals that TYLCV C5 is a pathogenicity determinant and RNA silencing suppressor, hence expanding our knowledge of the functional repertoire of the TYLCV proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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27
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Li Z, Yang X, Li W, Wen Z, Duan J, Jiang Z, Zhang D, Xie X, Wang X, Li F, Li D, Zhang Y. SAMDC3 enhances resistance to Barley stripe mosaic virus by promoting the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of viral γb protein. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:618-633. [PMID: 35075654 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play important roles in virus-host interplay. We previously demonstrated that Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) γb protein is phosphorylated by different host kinases to support or impede viral infection. However, whether and how other types of PTMs participate in BSMV infection remains to be explored. Here, we report that S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 3 (SAMDC3) from Nicotiana benthamiana or wheat (Triticum aestivum) interacts with γb. BSMV infection induced SAMDC3 expression. Overexpression of SAMDC3 led to the destabilization of γb and reduction in viral infectivity, whereas knocking out NbSAMDC3 increased susceptibility to BSMV. NbSAMDC3 positively regulated the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of γb via its PEST domain. Further mechanistic studies revealed that γb can be ubiquitinated in planta and that NbSAMDC3 promotes the proteasomal degradation of γb by increasing γb ubiquitination. We also found evidence that ubiquitination occurs at nonlysine residues (Ser-133 and Cys-144) within γb. Together, our results provide a function for SAMDC3 in defence against BSMV infection through targeting of γb abundance, which contributes to our understanding of how a plant host deploys the ubiquitin-proteasome system to mount defences against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiangning Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xialin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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28
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Devendran R, Namgial T, Reddy KK, Kumar M, Zarreen F, Chakraborty S. Insights into the multifunctional roles of geminivirus-encoded proteins in pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2022; 167:307-326. [PMID: 35079902 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are a major threat to agriculture in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Geminiviruses have small genome with limited coding capacity. Despite this limitation, these viruses have mastered hijacking the host cellular metabolism for their survival. To compensate for the small size of their genome, geminiviruses encode multifunctional proteins. In addition, geminiviruses associate themselves with satellite DNA molecules which also encode proteins that support the virus in establishing successful infection. Geminiviral proteins recruit multiple host factors, suppress the host defense, and manipulate host metabolism to establish infection. We have updated the knowledge accumulated about the proteins of geminiviruses and their satellites in the context of pathogenesis in a single review. We also discuss their interactions with host factors to provide a mechanistic understanding of the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragunathan Devendran
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Tsewang Namgial
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Reddy
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Fauzia Zarreen
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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29
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Gupta K, Rishishwar R, Dasgupta I. The interplay of plant hormonal pathways and geminiviral proteins: partners in disease development. Virus Genes 2022; 58:1-14. [PMID: 35034268 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Viruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae infect plants and are responsible for a number of diseases of crops in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the World. The innate immune response of the plant assists in its defense against such viral pathogens by the recognition of pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns through pattern-recognition receptors. Phytohormone signalling pathways play a vital role in plant defense responses against these devastating viruses. Geminiviruses, however, have developed counter-defense strategies that prevail over the above defense pathways. The proteins encoded by geminiviruses act as suppressors of plant immunity by interacting with the signalling components of several hormones. In this review we focus on the molecular interplay of phytohormone pathways and geminiviral infection and try to find interesting parallels with similar mechanisms known in other plant-infecting viruses and strengthen the argument that this interplay is necessary for disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, -110021, India
| | - Rashmi Rishishwar
- Department of Botany, Bhagat Singh Government P.G. College, Jaora, Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, 457226, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, -110021, India.
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30
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Pantaleo V, Masuta C. Diversity of viral RNA silencing suppressors and their involvement in virus-specific symptoms. Adv Virus Res 2022; 113:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Ji M, Zhao J, Han K, Cui W, Wu X, Chen B, Lu Y, Peng J, Zheng H, Rao S, Wu G, Chen J, Yan F. Turnip mosaic virus P1 suppresses JA biosynthesis by degrading cpSRP54 that delivers AOCs onto the thylakoid membrane to facilitate viral infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010108. [PMID: 34852025 PMCID: PMC8668097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a crucial hormone in plant antiviral immunity. Increasing evidence shows that viruses counter this host immune response by interfering with JA biosynthesis and signaling. However, the mechanism by which viruses affect JA biosynthesis is still largely unexplored. Here, we show that a highly conserved chloroplast protein cpSRP54 was downregulated in Nicotiana benthamiana infected by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Its silencing facilitated TuMV infection. Furthermore, cpSRP54 interacted with allene oxide cyclases (AOCs), key JA biosynthesis enzymes, and was responsible for delivering AOCs onto the thylakoid membrane (TM). Interestingly, TuMV P1 protein interacted with cpSRP54 and mediated its degradation via the 26S proteosome and autophagy pathways. The results suggest that TuMV has evolved a strategy, through the inhibition of cpSRP54 and its delivery of AOCs to the TM, to suppress JA biosynthesis and enhance viral infection. Interaction between cpSRP54 and AOCs was shown to be conserved in Arabidopsis and rice, while cpSRP54 also interacted with, and was degraded by, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) 126 kDa protein and potato virus X (PVX) p25 protein, indicating that suppression of cpSRP54 may be a common mechanism used by viruses to counter the antiviral JA pathway. Jasmonic acid pathway has emerged as one of the predominant battlefields between plants and viruses. Several studies have indicated that, in addition to interfering with JA signaling, plant viruses can also affect JA biosynthesis, but the direct molecular links between them remain elusive. Here, we identify a highly conserved chloroplast protein cpSRP54 as a key positive regulator in JA biosynthesis and a common target for viruses belong to different genera. Through associating with cpSRP54 and inducing its degradation using the protein they encoded, the viruses can inhibit the cpSRP54-facilitated delivery of AOCs to the thylakoid membrane and manipulation of JA-mediated defense. This capability of viruses might define a novel and effective strategy against the antiviral JA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Ji
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kelei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weijun Cui
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (FY)
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (FY)
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Ramulifho E, Rey MEC. Proteome Mapping of South African Cassava Mosaic Virus-Infected Susceptible and Tolerant Landraces of Cassava. Proteomes 2021; 9:41. [PMID: 34842800 PMCID: PMC8628908 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of cassava is threatened by the geminivirus South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV), which causes cassava mosaic disease. Cassava landrace TME3 shows tolerance to SACMV, while T200 is highly susceptible. This study aimed to identify the leaf proteome involved in anti-viral defence. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified 2682 (54 differentially expressed) and 2817 (206 differentially expressed) proteins in both landraces at systemic infection (32 days post infection) and symptom recovery (67 days post infection), respectively. Differences in the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the two landraces were observed. Gene ontology analysis showed that defence-associated pathways such as the chloroplast, proteasome, and ribosome were overrepresented at 67 days post infection (dpi) in SACMV-tolerant TME3. At 67 dpi, a high percentage (56%) of over-expressed proteins were localized in the chloroplast in TME3 compared to T200 (31% under-expressed), proposing that chloroplast proteins play a role in tolerance in TME3. Ribosomal_L7Ae domain-containing protein (Manes.12G139100) was over-expressed uniquely in TME3 at 67 dpi and interacts with the ribosomal protein Sac52 (RPL10). RPL10 is a known key player in the NIK1-mediated effector triggered immunity (ETI) response to geminivirus infection, indicating a possible role for Sac52 in SACMV recovery in TME3. In conclusion, differential protein expression responses in TME3 and T200 may be key to unravel tolerance to CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elelwani Ramulifho
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
- Germplasm Development, Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa
| | - Marie Emma Christine Rey
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
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Liu S, Wang C, Liu X, Navas-Castillo J, Zang L, Fan Z, Zhu X, Zhou T. Tomato chlorosis virus-encoded p22 suppresses auxin signalling to promote infection via interference with SKP1-Cullin-F-box TIR1 complex assembly. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3155-3172. [PMID: 34105183 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone auxin plays a fundamental role in plant growth and defense against pathogens. However, how auxin signalling is regulated during virus infection in plants remains largely unknown. Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is the repressor of auxin signalling and can be recognized by an F-box protein transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1). Ubiquitination and degradation of Aux/IAA by SKP1-Cullin-F-boxTIR1 (SCFTIR1 ) complex can trigger auxin signalling. Here, with an emerging important plant virus worldwide, we showed that tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) infection or stable transgenic overexpression of its p22 protein does not alter auxin accumulation level but significantly decreases the expression of auxin signalling-responsive genes, suggesting that p22 can attenuate host auxin signalling. Further, p22 could bind the C-terminal of SKP1.1 and compete with TIR1 to interfere with the SCFTIR1 complex assembly, leading to a suppression of Aux/IAA degradation. Silencing and over-expression assays suggested that both NbSKP1.1 and NbTIR1 suppress ToCV accumulation and disease symptoms. Altogether, ToCV p22 disrupts the auxin signalling through destabilizing SCFTIR1 by interacting with the C-terminal of NbSKP1.1 to promote ToCV infection. Our findings uncovered a previously unknown molecular mechanism employed by a plant virus to manipulate SCF complex-mediated ubiquitin pathway and to reprogram auxin signalling for efficient infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuilin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xuedong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Málaga (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Lianyi Zang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Gong P, Tan H, Zhao S, Li H, Liu H, Ma Y, Zhang X, Rong J, Fu X, Lozano-Durán R, Li F, Zhou X. Geminiviruses encode additional small proteins with specific subcellular localizations and virulence function. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4278. [PMID: 34257307 PMCID: PMC8277811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are plant viruses with limited coding capacity. Geminivirus-encoded proteins are traditionally identified by applying a 10-kDa arbitrary threshold; however, it is increasingly clear that small proteins play relevant roles in biological systems, which calls for the reconsideration of this criterion. Here, we show that geminiviral genomes contain additional ORFs. Using tomato yellow leaf curl virus, we demonstrate that some of these small ORFs are expressed during the infection, and that the encoded proteins display specific subcellular localizations. We prove that the largest of these additional ORFs, which we name V3, is required for full viral infection, and that the V3 protein localizes in the Golgi apparatus and functions as an RNA silencing suppressor. These results imply that the repertoire of geminiviral proteins can be expanded, and that getting a comprehensive overview of the molecular plant-geminivirus interactions will require the detailed study of small ORFs so far neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Rong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Durán
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Gupta N, Reddy K, Bhattacharyya D, Chakraborty✉ S. Plant responses to geminivirus infection: guardians of the plant immunity. Virol J 2021; 18:143. [PMID: 34243802 PMCID: PMC8268416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geminiviruses are circular, single-stranded viruses responsible for enormous crop loss worldwide. Rapid expansion of geminivirus diversity outweighs the continuous effort to control its spread. Geminiviruses channelize the host cell machinery in their favour by manipulating the gene expression, cell signalling, protein turnover, and metabolic reprogramming of plants. As a response to viral infection, plants have evolved to deploy various strategies to subvert the virus invasion and reinstate cellular homeostasis. MAIN BODY Numerous reports exploring various aspects of plant-geminivirus interaction portray the subtlety and flexibility of the host-pathogen dynamics. To leverage this pool of knowledge towards raising antiviral resistance in host plants, a comprehensive account of plant's defence response against geminiviruses is required. This review discusses the current knowledge of plant's antiviral responses exerted to geminivirus in the light of resistance mechanisms and the innate genetic factors contributing to the defence. We have revisited the defence pathways involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing, ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway, protein kinase signalling cascades, autophagy, and hypersensitive responses. In addition, geminivirus-induced phytohormonal fluctuations, the subsequent alterations in primary and secondary metabolites, and their impact on pathogenesis along with the recent advancements of CRISPR-Cas9 technique in generating the geminivirus resistance in plants have been discussed. CONCLUSIONS Considering the rapid development in the field of plant-virus interaction, this review provides a timely and comprehensive account of molecular nuances that define the course of geminivirus infection and can be exploited in generating virus-resistant plants to control global agricultural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Kishorekumar Reddy
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Dhriti Bhattacharyya
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty✉
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Butković A, González R, Rivarez MPS, Elena SF. A genome-wide association study identifies Arabidopsis thaliana genes that contribute to differences in the outcome of infection with two Turnip mosaic potyvirus strains that differ in their evolutionary history and degree of host specialization. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab063. [PMID: 34532063 PMCID: PMC8438913 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses lie in a continuum between generalism and specialism depending on their ability to infect more or less hosts. While generalists are able to successfully infect a wide variety of hosts, specialists are limited to one or a few. Even though generalists seem to gain an advantage due to their wide host range, they usually pay a pleiotropic fitness cost within each host. On the contrary, a specialist has maximal fitness within its own host. A relevant yet poorly explored question is whether viruses differ in the way they interact with their hosts' gene expression depending on their degree of specialization. Using a genome-wide association study approach, we have identified host genes whose expression depends on whether hosts were infected with more or less specialized viral strains. Four hundred fifty natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana were inoculated with Turnip mosaic potyvirus strains with different past evolutionary histories and that shown different degrees of specialization. Three disease-related traits were measured and associated with different sets of host genes for each strain. The genetic architectures of these traits differed among viral strains and, in the case of the more specialized virus, also varied along the duration of infection. While most of the mapped loci were strain specific, one shared locus was mapped for both strains, a disease-resistance TIR-NBS-LRR class protein. Likewise, only putative cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinases were involved in all three traits. The impact on disease progress of 10 selected genes was validated by studying the infection phenotypes of loss-of-function mutant plants. Nine of these mutants have altered the disease progress and/or symptoms intensity between both strains. Compared to wild-type plants six had an effect on both viral strains, three had an effect only on the more specialized, and two were significant during infection with the less specialized.
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Liu X, Huang W, Zhai Z, Ye T, Yang C, Lai J. Protein modification: A critical modulator in the interaction between geminiviruses and host plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1707-1715. [PMID: 33506956 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are a large group of single-stranded DNA viruses that infect plants and cause severe agricultural losses worldwide. Given geminiviruses only have small genomes that encode a few proteins, viral factors have to interact with host components to establish an environment suitable for virus infection, whilst the host immunity system recognizes and targets these viral components during infection. Post-translational protein modifications, such as phosphorylation, lipidation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation and methylation, have been reported to be critical during the interplay between host plants and geminiviruses. Here we summarize the research progress, including phosphorylation and lipidation which usually control the activity and localization of viral factors; as well as ubiquitination and histone modification which are predominantly interfered with by viral components. We also discuss the dynamic competition on protein modifications between host defence and geminivirus efficient infection, as well as potential applications of protein modifications in geminivirus resistance. The summary and perspective of this topic will improve our understanding on the mechanism of geminivirus-plant interaction and contribute to further protection of plants from virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tushu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Veluthambi K, Sunitha S. Targets and Mechanisms of Geminivirus Silencing Suppressor Protein AC2. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645419. [PMID: 33897657 PMCID: PMC8062710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are plant DNA viruses that infect a wide range of plant species and cause significant losses to economically important food and fiber crops. The single-stranded geminiviral genome encodes a small number of proteins which act in an orchestrated manner to infect the host. The fewer proteins encoded by the virus are multifunctional, a mechanism uniquely evolved by the viruses to balance the genome-constraint. The host-mediated resistance against incoming virus includes post-transcriptional gene silencing, transcriptional gene silencing, and expression of defense responsive genes and other cellular regulatory genes. The pathogenicity property of a geminiviral protein is linked to its ability to suppress the host-mediated defense mechanism. This review discusses what is currently known about the targets and mechanism of the viral suppressor AC2/AL2/transcriptional activator protein (TrAP) and explore the biotechnological applications of AC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppannan Veluthambi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Sukumaran Sunitha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Ghosh D, Chakraborty S. Molecular interplay between phytohormones and geminiviruses: a saga of a never-ending arms race. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2903-2917. [PMID: 33577676 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses can infect a wide range of plant hosts worldwide and have hence become an emerging global agroeconomic threat. The association of these viruses with satellite molecules and highly efficient insect vectors such as whiteflies further prime their devastating impacts. Plants elicit a strong antiviral immune response to restrict the invasion of these destructive pathogens. Phytohormones help plants to mount this response and occupy a key position in combating these biotrophs. These defense hormones not only inhibit geminiviral propagation but also hamper viral transmission by compromising the performance of their insect vectors. Nonetheless, geminiviruses have co-evolved to have a few multitasking virulence factors that readily remodel host cellular machineries to circumvent the phytohormone-mediated manifestation of the immune response. Furthermore, these obligate parasites exploit plant growth hormones to produce a cellular environment permissive for virus replication. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the roles and regulation of phytohormones in geminiviral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Ghosh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Bizabani C, Rogans SJ, Rey MEC. Differential miRNA profiles in South African cassava mosaic virus-infected cassava landraces reveal clues to susceptibility and tolerance to cassava mosaic disease. Virus Res 2021; 303:198400. [PMID: 33753179 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Specific miRNA families are involved in susceptibility or antiviral immunity in plants. Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) is a perennial plant that is an important food security crop in sub-Saharan Africa. Cassava is susceptible to several begomoviruses that cause cassava mosaic disease (CMD). In this study, we investigated the leaf miRNAome response in a tolerant (TME3) and susceptible (T200) cassava landrace challenged with South African cassava mosaic virus. RNAseq was performed on leaf samples at 12, 32 and 67 days post infection (dpi), representing early, symptomatic and late persistent stages of CMD infection. Significantly, distinct profiles of conserved miRNA family expression between the T200 and TME3 landraces at the three infection stages were observed. Notably at 12 days post SACMV infection, TME3 exhibited significant downregulation (log2fold<2.0) of 42 %, compared to 9% in T200, of the conserved miRNA families. This demonstrates an overall early response to SACMV in TME3 prior to symptom appearance not observed in T200, and expression of a large cohort of miRNA-regulated genes. Notably, at early infection, downregulation of mes-miR162 and 168 that target antiviral posttransriptional gene silencing (PTGS) regulators DCL1 and AGO1, respectively, was observed in TME3, and AGO1 and DCL1 expression was higher compared to T200 post infection. Early rapid responses prior to symptom development, including RNA silencing, may be key to establishing the tolerance/recovery phenotype exhibited by TME3 landrace later on at 67 dpi. At recovery, TME3 was hallmarked by a highly significant down-regulation of mes-miR167. MiR167 targets an auxin responsive factor which plays a role in auxin signaling and adaptive responses to stress, suggesting the importance of the auxin signaling in recovery of SACMV-induced symptoms. The gene targets of these miRNAs and their associated networks may provide clues to the molecular basis of CMD tolerance in perennial hosts such as cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bizabani
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah Jane Rogans
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marie Emma Chrissie Rey
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Abstract
Phytohormones mediate plant development and responses to stresses caused by biotic agents or abiotic factors. The functions of phytohormones in responses to viral infection have been intensively studied, and the emerging picture of complex mechanisms provides insights into the roles that phytohormones play in defense regulation as a whole. These hormone signaling pathways are not simple linear or isolated cascades, but exhibit crosstalk with each other. Here, we summarized the current understanding of recent advances for the classical defense hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) and also the roles of abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinins (CKs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) in modulating plant–virus interactions.
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Zhou X. Hijack to escape: a geminivirus seizes a host imprinted E3 ligase to escape epigenetic repression. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:323-325. [PMID: 33083970 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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An JW, Lee JH, Choi S, Venkatesh J, Kim JM, Kwon JK, Kang BC. Identification of the determinant of tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus infectivity in tomato. Virus Res 2021; 291:198192. [PMID: 33058965 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Geminiviruses cause devastating diseases in solanaceous crops, with the bipartite begomoviruses tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV) and pepper yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (PYLCThV) major threats in Southeast Asia. To determine the molecular mechanism of geminivirus infection, we constructed infectious clones of TYLCKaV and PYLCThV. Both constructs infected Nicotiana benthamiana, but only TYLCKaV could infect Solanum lycopersicum 'A39'. A genome-swapping of TYLCKaV with PYLCThV revealed the TYLCKaV-B genome segment as the determinant of TYLCKaV infectivity in tomato. We constructed five geminivirus clones with chimeric TYLCKaV-B and PYLCThV-B genome segments to narrow down the region determining TYLCKaV infectivity in tomato. Only chimeric clones carrying the TYLCKaV intergenic region (IR) showed infectivity in S. lycopersicum 'A39', indicating that the IR of TYLCKaV-B is essential for TYLCKaV infectivity in tomato. Our results provide a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of geminivirus infection in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Wook An
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seula Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Sáez C, Flores-León A, Montero-Pau J, Sifres A, Dhillon NPS, López C, Picó B. RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis Provides Candidate Genes for Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Melon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798858. [PMID: 35116050 PMCID: PMC8805612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS) (C. melo ibericus group) in ToLCNDV and mock inoculated plants were compared at four time points during infection (0, 3, 6, and 12 days post inoculation). Different gene expression patterns were observed over time in the resistant and susceptible genotypes in comparison to their respective controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ToLCNDV-infected plants were classified using gene ontology (GO) terms, and genes of the categories transcription, DNA replication, and helicase activity were downregulated in WM-7 but upregulated in PS, suggesting that reduced activity of these functions reduces ToLCNDV replication and intercellular spread and thereby contributes to resistance. DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, photosynthesis, RNA silencing, transmembrane, and sugar transporters entail adverse consequences for systemic infection in the resistant genotype, and lead to susceptibility in PS. The expression levels of selected candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR to corroborate their differential expression upon ToLCNDV infection in resistant and susceptible melon. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with an effect on structural functionality of DEGs linked to the main QTLs for ToLCNDV resistance have been identified. The obtained results pinpoint cellular functions and candidate genes that are differentially expressed in a resistant and susceptible melon line in response to ToLCNDV, an information of great relevance for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Sáez,
| | - Alejandro Flores-León
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Sifres
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Narinder P. S. Dhillon
- World Vegetable Center, East and Southeast Asia, Research and Training Station, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Carmelo López
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Carmelo López,
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Belén Picó,
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45
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Masuda K, Fujita N, Yang HW, Ushijima K, Kubo Y, Tao R, Akagi T. Molecular Mechanism Underlying Derepressed Male Production in Hexaploid Persimmon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:567249. [PMID: 33414795 PMCID: PMC7783364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.567249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sex expression in plants is often flexible and contributes to the maintenance of genetic diversity within a species. In diploid persimmons (the genus Diospyros), the sexuality is controlled by the Y chromosome-encoded small-RNA gene, OGI, and its autosomal counterpart, MeGI. Hexaploid Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) evolved more flexible sex expression, where genetically male individuals carrying OGI can produce both male and female flowers (monoecy). This is due to (semi-)inactivation of OGI by the Kali-SINE retrotransposon insertion on the promoter region and the resultant DNA methylations. Instead, flower sex determination in Oriental persimmon is also dependent on DNA methylation states of MeGI. Here, we focused on a cultivar, Kumemaru, which shows stable male flower production. Our results demonstrated that cv. Kumemaru carries OGI with Kali-SINE, which was highly methylated as well as in other monoecious cultivars; nevertheless, OGI gene could have a basal expression level. Transcriptomic analysis between cv. Kumemaru and 14 cultivars that predominantly produce female flowers showed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to cv. Kumemaru, which is mainly involved in stress responses. Co-expression gene networks focusing on the DEGs also suggested the involvement of stress signals, mainly via gibberellin (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and especially jasmonic acid (JA) signal pathways. We also identified potential regulators of this co-expression module, represented by the TCP4 transcription factor. Furthermore, we attempted to identify cv. Kumemaru-specific transcript polymorphisms potentially contributing to derepressed OGI expression by cataloging subsequences (k-mers) in the transcriptomic reads from cv. Kumemaru and the other 14 female cultivars. Overall, although the direct genetic factor to activate OGI remains to be solved, our results implied the involvement of stress signals in the release of silenced OGI and the resultant continuous male production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Masuda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujita
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ho-Wen Yang
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Koichiro Ushijima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kubo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tao
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takashi Akagi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Han K, Huang H, Zheng H, Ji M, Yuan Q, Cui W, Zhang H, Peng J, Lu Y, Rao S, Wu G, Lin L, Song X, Sun Z, Li J, Zhang C, Lou Y, Chen J, Yan F. Rice stripe virus coat protein induces the accumulation of jasmonic acid, activating plant defence against the virus while also attracting its vector to feed. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1647-1653. [PMID: 32969146 PMCID: PMC7694675 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) pathway plays crucial roles in plant defence against pathogens and herbivores. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is the type member of the genus Tenuivirus. It is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH) and causes damaging epidemics in East Asia. The role(s) that JA may play in the tripartite interaction against RSV, its host, and vector are poorly understood. Here, we found that the JA pathway was induced by RSV infection and played a defence role against RSV. The coat protein (CP) was the major viral component responsible for inducing the JA pathway. Methyl jasmonate treatment attracted SBPHs to feed on rice plants while a JA-deficient mutant was less attractive than wild-type rice. SBPHs showed an obvious preference for feeding on transgenic rice lines expressing RSV CP. Our results demonstrate that CP is an inducer of the JA pathway that activates plant defence against RSV while also attracting SBPHs to feed and benefitting viral transmission. This is the first report of the function of JA in the tripartite interaction between RSV, its host, and its vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haijian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Mengfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Weijun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Hehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Xuemei Song
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Junmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Chuanxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyInstitute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA and Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
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Effect of virus infection on the secondary metabolite production and phytohormone biosynthesis in plants. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:547. [PMID: 33269181 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved according to their environmental conditions and continuously interact with different biological entities. These interactions induce many positive and negative effects on plant metabolism. Many viruses also associate with various plant species and alter their metabolism. Further, virus-plant interaction also alters the expression of many plant hormones. To overcome the biotic stress imposed by the virus's infestation, plants produce different kinds of secondary metabolites that play a significant role in plant defense against the viral infection. In this review, we briefly highlight the mechanism of virus infection, their influence on the plant secondary metabolites and phytohormone biosynthesis in response to the virus-plant interactions.
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Abstract
When increasing abundance of insect vectors is manifest across multiple fields of a crop at the landscape scale, the phenomenon is sometimes referred to as insect superabundance. The phenomenon may reflect environmental factors (i.e. environmentally mediated insect superabundance, EMiS), including climatic change. A number of pathogens, however, are also known to modify the quality of infected plants as a resource for their insect vectors. In this paper, we term increasing vector abundance when associated with pathogen modification of plants as pathogen-mediated insect superabundance (henceforth PMiS). We investigate PMiS using a new epidemiological framework. We formalize a definition of PMiS and indicate the epidemiological mechanism by which it is most likely to arise. This study is motivated by the occurrence of a particularly destructive cassava virus epidemic that has been associated with superabundant whitefly populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Our results have implications for how PMiS can be distinguished from EMiS in field data. Above all, they represent a timely foundation for further investigations into the association between insect superabundance and plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruairí Donnelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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Medina-Puche L, Tan H, Dogra V, Wu M, Rosas-Diaz T, Wang L, Ding X, Zhang D, Fu X, Kim C, Lozano-Duran R. A Defense Pathway Linking Plasma Membrane and Chloroplasts and Co-opted by Pathogens. Cell 2020; 182:1109-1124.e25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Prasad A, Sharma N, Hari-Gowthem G, Muthamilarasan M, Prasad M. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus: Impact, Challenges, and Management. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:897-911. [PMID: 32371058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most studied plant viral pathogens because it is the most damaging virus for global tomato production. In order to combat this global threat, it is important that we understand the biology of TYLCV and devise management approaches. The prime objective of this review is to highlight management strategies for efficiently tackling TYLCV epidemics and global spread. For that purpose, we focus on the impact TYLCV has on worldwide agriculture and the role of recent advances for our understanding of TYLCV interaction with its host and vector. Another important focus is the role of recombination and mutations in shaping the evolution of TYLCV genome and geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | | | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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