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Gallagher JF, Hehir N, Mocilac P, Violin C, O’Connor BF, Aubert E, Espinosa E, Guillot B, Jelsch C. Probing the Electronic Properties and Interaction Landscapes in a Series of N-(Chlorophenyl)pyridinecarboxamides. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:3343-3358. [PMID: 35547941 PMCID: PMC9074230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 3 × 3 isomer grid of nine N-(chlorophenyl)pyridinecarboxamides (NxxCl) is reported with physicochemical studies and single crystal structures (Nx = pyridinoyl moiety; xCl = aminochlorobenzene ring; x = para-/meta-/ortho-), as synthesized by the reaction of the substituted p-/m-/o-pyridinecarbonyl chlorides (Nx) with p-/m-/o-aminochlorobenzenes (xCl). Several of the nine NxxCl crystal structures display structural similarities with their halogenated NxxX and methylated NxxM relatives (x = p-/m-/o-substitutions; X = F, Br; M = methyl). Indeed, five of the nine NxxCl crystal structures are isomorphous with their NxxBr analogues as the NpmCl/Br, NpoCl/Br, NmoCl/NmoBr, NopCl/Br, and NooCl/Br pairs. In the NxxCl series, the favored hydrogen bonding mode is aggregation by N-H···Npyridine interactions, though amide···amide intermolecular interactions are noted in NpoCl and NmoCl. For the NoxCl triad, intramolecular N-H···Npyridine interactions influence molecular planarity, whereas NppCl·H2O (as a monohydrate) exhibits O-H···O, N-H···O1W, and O1W-H···N interactions as the primary hydrogen bonding. Analysis of chlorine-containing compounds on the CSD is noted for comparisons. The interaction environments are probed using Hirshfeld surface analysis and contact enrichment studies. The melting temperatures (T m) depend on both the lattice energy and molecular symmetry (Carnelley's rule), and the melting points can be well predicted from a linear regression of the two variables. The relationships of the T m values with the total energy, the electrostatic component, and the strongest hydrogen bond components have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Gallagher
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 DXA0, Ireland
| | - Niall Hehir
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 DXA0, Ireland
| | - Pavle Mocilac
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 DXA0, Ireland
| | - Chloé Violin
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 DXA0, Ireland
| | | | - Emmanuel Aubert
- CRM, CNRS UMR 7036, Faculté
des Sciences et Technologies, Université
de Lorraine, BP 70239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- CRM, CNRS UMR 7036, Faculté
des Sciences et Technologies, Université
de Lorraine, BP 70239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Benoît Guillot
- CRM, CNRS UMR 7036, Faculté
des Sciences et Technologies, Université
de Lorraine, BP 70239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christian Jelsch
- CRM, CNRS UMR 7036, Faculté
des Sciences et Technologies, Université
de Lorraine, BP 70239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Dau PT, Ishibashi H, Tuyen LH, Sakai H, Hirano M, Kim EY, Iwata H. Assessment of binding potencies of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers with Baikal seal and mouse constitutive androstane receptors: Comparisons across species and congeners. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150631. [PMID: 34592282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the binding potencies (equilibrium dissociation constant: KD) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)_ligand binding domain (LBD) of the Baikal seal (bsCAR_LBD) and mouse (mCAR_LBD) using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. The binding affinities of individual congeners with mCAR_LBD tended to be higher than those with bsCAR_LBD but the differences were within the same order of magnitude. Notably, PBDE congeners showed higher binding affinities for both CAR_LBDs than PCB congeners. In silico docking simulations demonstrated that PBDEs had more non-covalent interactions with specific amino acid residues in both CAR_LBDs than PCBs, supporting the results of their binding affinities. Binding affinity comparisons among congeners revealed the structural requirements for higher binding; mono or di ortho-, tri meta-, and di para‑chlorine substitutions for PCBs, and di or tri ortho-, mono meta-, and di para‑bromine substitutions for PBDEs. The binding potencies of these congeners unlikely accounted for their previously reported CAR-mediated transactivation potencies, implying that their transactivation is regulated in a ligand-dependent, but a distinct manner from ligand binding. Risk assessment analysis showed that the KD values of individual PCB and PBDE congeners were 1-4 orders of magnitude higher than their respective hepatic concentrations in wild Baikal seal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Dau
- Centre for Life Science Research, Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Division of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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Hanif N, Tyas TA, Hidayati L, Dinelsa FF, Provita D, Kinnary NR, Prasetiawan FM, Khalik GA, Mubarok Z, Tohir D, Setiawan A, Farid M, Kurnianda V, Murni A, de Voogd NJ, Tanaka J. Oxy-Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers from the Indonesian Marine Sponge, Lamellodysidea herbacea: X-ray, SAR, and Computational Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216328. [PMID: 34770740 PMCID: PMC8588277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compounds, derived from marine organisms, originate from symbiosis between marine sponges and cyanobacteria or bacteria. PBDEs have broad biological spectra; therefore, we analyzed structure and activity relationships of PBDEs to determine their potential as anticancer or antibacterial lead structures, through reactions and computational studies. Six known PBDEs (1–6) were isolated from the sponge, Lamellodysdiea herbacea; 13C NMR data for compound 6 are reported for the first time and their assignments are confirmed by their theoretical 13C NMR chemical shifts (RMSE < 4.0 ppm). Methylation and acetylation of 1 (2, 3, 4, 5-tetrabromo-6-(3′, 5′-dibromo-2′-hydroxyphenoxy) phenol) at the phenol functional group gave seven molecules (7–13), of which 10, 12, and 13 were new. New crystal structures for 8 and 9 are also reported. Debromination carried out on 1 produced nine compounds (1, 2, 14, 16–18, 20, 23, and 26) of which 18 was new. Debromination product 16 showed a significant IC50 8.65 ± 1.11; 8.11 ± 1.43 µM against human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Compounds 1 and 16 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae with MID 0.078 µg/disk. The number of four bromine atoms and two phenol functional groups are important for antibacterial activity (S. aureus and K. pneumoniae) and cytotoxicity (HEK293T). The result was supported by analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs). We also propose possible products of acetylation and debromination using analysis of FMOs and electrostatic charges and we confirm the experimental result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novriyandi Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-(251)-862-4567
| | - Trianda Ayuning Tyas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan; (V.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Lestari Hidayati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Fabians Faisal Dinelsa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Dian Provita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Nyimas Ratna Kinnary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Fauzi Muhamad Prasetiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Gibral Abdul Khalik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Zaki Mubarok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Dudi Tohir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Andi Setiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia;
| | - Muhamad Farid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (T.A.T.); (L.H.); (F.F.D.); (D.P.); (N.R.K.); (F.M.P.); (G.A.K.); (Z.M.); (D.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Viqqi Kurnianda
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan; (V.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Anggia Murni
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia;
| | - Nicole J. de Voogd
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan; (V.K.); (J.T.)
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Chruszcz-Lipska K, Trzewik B, Winid B. Molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 100). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 182:50-57. [PMID: 28395225 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, FT-IR ATR and Raman (laser line 532nm) spectra of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 100) have been recorded in the range of 4000-650 and 4000-100cm-1, respectively. A combined experimental and theoretical approach (DFT/B3LYP/6-311++g** and aug-cc-pVDZ) was used to study molecular structure of BDE 100. Optimization of geometry in the gas phase at these levels of theory indicated that the BDE 100 has skew conformation. The detailed assignment of IR and Raman bands of BDE 100 was done on the basis of calculated results for the most stable conformer. The scaled theoretical frequencies are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Both experimental and theoretical IR and Raman spectra of BDE 100, one of the members of the family of flame retardants, are presented here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chruszcz-Lipska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, ul. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Trzewik
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Romana Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Winid
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, ul. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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5
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Ekuase EJ, van 't Erve TJ, Rahaman A, Robertson LW, Duffel MW, Luthe G. Mechanistic insights into the specificity of human cytosolic sulfotransferase 2A1 (hSULT2A1) for hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls through the use of fluoro-tagged probes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2119-2127. [PMID: 26165989 PMCID: PMC4713379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining the relationships between the structures of substrates and inhibitors and their interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes is of prime importance in predicting the toxic potential of new and legacy xenobiotics. Traditionally, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies are performed with many distinct compounds. Based on the chemical properties of the tested compounds, complex relationships can be established so that models can be developed to predict toxicity of novel compounds. In this study, the use of fluorinated analogues as supplemental QSAR compounds was investigated. Substituting fluorine induces changes in electronic and steric properties of the substrate without substantially changing the chemical backbone of the substrate. In vitro assays were performed using purified human cytosolic sulfotransferase hSULT2A1 as a model enzyme. A mono-hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl (4-OH PCB 14) and its four possible mono-fluoro analogues were used as test compounds. Remarkable similarities were found between this approach and previously published QSAR studies for hSULT2A1. Both studies implicate the importance of dipole moment and dihedral angle as being important to PCB structure in respect to being substrates for hSULT2A1. We conclude that mono-fluorinated analogues of a target substrate can be a useful tool to study the structure activity relationships for enzyme specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Ekuase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - T J van 't Erve
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709, NC, USA.
| | - A Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - L W Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M W Duffel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - G Luthe
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Institute of Life Sciences, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- LuthePharma, Fabrikstrasse 2, 48599, Gronau, Germany
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6
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Li Q, Yang F, Su G, Huang L, Lu H, Zhao Y, Zheng M. Thermal degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers over as-prepared Fe3O4 micro/nano-material and hypothesized mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1540-1551. [PMID: 26377966 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The thermal degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) featuring fully substituted bromines was investigated over an as-prepared Fe3O4 micro/nano-material at 300 °C. Degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with kobs = 0.15 min(-1) higher than that for decachlorobiphenyl (CB-209). Twenty-six newly produced polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were identified using the available PBDE standards, while four PBDE congener products were predicted using third-order polynomial regression equation. Analysis of the products indicated that BDE-209 underwent stepwise hydrodebromination over as-prepared Fe3O4. Similar to the case for CB-209, two initial hydrodebromination steps are favored at the BDE-209 meta-positions, giving the major products BDE-207 and BDE-197. However, the variance about the preferred products began to emerge from the start of heptabromodiphenyl ethers (hepta-BDEs). The majorly produced hepta-BDE isomer with BDE-183 is unbrominated at one ortho-position. However, this is different from the reported degradation of CB-209, which always produced the products chlorinated at all four ortho-positions until the ortho-position had to be removed for the formation of trichlorobiphenyls and dichlorobiphenyl still majorly chlorinated at three or two ortho-positions. The early BDE-209 hydrodebromination steps appear to be strongly influenced by steric effects, whereas subsequent hydrodebromination steps, as more bromine atoms are removed, will be gradually governed more by thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Guijin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Linyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
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Mocilac P, Osman IA, Gallagher JF. Short C–H⋯F interactions involving the 2,5-difluorobenzene group: understanding the role of fluorine in aggregation and complex C–F/C–H disorder in a 2 × 6 isomer grid. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Cao H, He M, Sun Y, Han D. Mechanical and Kinetic Studies of the Formation of Polyhalogenated Dibenzo-p-dioxins from Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Chlorinated Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13489-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2059497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Cao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Han
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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9
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Klösener J, Peters TM, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Teesch LM, Thorne PS, Robertson LW, Luthe G. Innovative application of fluoro tagging to trace airborne particulate and gas-phase polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:179-86. [PMID: 19111055 DOI: 10.1021/tx8003032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants applied as coatings to many consumer products, including household items. PBDEs are released and produce airborne vapors and dusts. Inhalation of particle-phase and/or gas-phase PBDEs is therefore a major route of exposure. In an attempt to mimic realistic airborne exposures, actual uptake, and deposition of particles and vapors, we prepared and characterized particles for future animal exposure studies. To trace the particles in environmental and biological systems, we employed fluoro tagging. We synthesized, characterized, and employed three PBDE congeners, 35, 47, and 99, and five fluoro-substituted PBDEs (F-PBDEs), 17-F5' 25-F5', 28-F3', 35-F5', 47-F3, and 99-F3', for this study. The PBDE congeners were selected because they are commonly found in house dust. For that reason, we coated spherical silica particles of 3 microm and C18 endcapped silica as representative and inert support materials, with 20, 30, and 40% PBDEs. We determined the particle size distributions by aerodynamic particle size spectrometry and the morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The suitability of the fluoro-tagged tracers to mimic their corresponding parent PBDEs was investigated by extraction studies from spiked blood serum. Our study is of fundamental importance to the development of xenobiotic tracers for monitoring routes of human exposure to PBDEs and understanding uptake of PBDEs from particles and vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Klösener
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Facility, and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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10
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Luthe G, Jacobus J, Robertson L. Receptor interactions by polybrominated diphenyl ethers versus polychlorinated biphenyls: a theoretical Structure-activity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 25:202-10. [PMID: 19768137 PMCID: PMC2746664 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The extensive body of literature regarding the interaction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with transcription factors (receptors) has great value to understand similarities and distinctions and in formulating hypotheses regarding the activity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) toward those same receptors. Our goal is to present the most comprehensive overview of PBDE effects on AhR, CAR, PXR, ER, AR, PR, DHT, TH, T3, T4 and IGF, as well as hypothetical biological activities of PPAR, RyR, GR and GABA. Aside the influence of the conformation of the ligand, we discuss its constitution influencing the binding affinity: size and polarizability, hydrophilicity, Gibbs free energy of solvation, inductive and mesomeric effects. We evaluate the techniques to determine the biologically relevant conformation of these halogenated hydrocarbons, including computation methods, X-ray and microwave spectroscopy. A novel fluoro-tagged ligand approach holds promise as tools for illuminating the steric and electronic effects in ligand-receptor interaction. Based on our assessment, we predict that PBDEs do not exhibit AhR activity themselves, but impurities are responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Luthe
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus # 124 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA
| | - J.A. Jacobus
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus # 124 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA
- Institute for Life Science and Technology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - L.W. Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, 100 Oakdale Campus # 124 IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA
- Institute for Life Science and Technology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands
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