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Castell C, Rodríguez-Lumbreras LA, Hervás M, Fernández-Recio J, Navarro JA. New Insights into the Evolution of the Electron Transfer from Cytochrome f to Photosystem I in the Green and Red Branches of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1082-1093. [PMID: 33772595 PMCID: PMC8557733 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In cyanobacteria and most green algae of the eukaryotic green lineage, the copper-protein plastocyanin (Pc) alternatively replaces the heme-protein cytochrome c6 (Cc6) as the soluble electron carrier from cytochrome f (Cf) to photosystem I (PSI). The functional and structural equivalence of 'green' Pc and Cc6 has been well established, representing an example of convergent evolution of two unrelated proteins. However, plants only produce Pc, despite having evolved from green algae. On the other hand, Cc6 is the only soluble donor available in most species of the red lineage of photosynthetic organisms, which includes, among others, red algae and diatoms. Interestingly, Pc genes have been identified in oceanic diatoms, probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer from green algae. However, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of a functional Pc in diatoms are still unclear. In the green eukaryotic lineage, the transfer of electrons from Cf to PSI has been characterized in depth. The conclusion is that in the green lineage, this process involves strong electrostatic interactions between partners, which ensure a high affinity and an efficient electron transfer (ET) at the cost of limiting the turnover of the process. In the red lineage, recent kinetic and structural modeling data suggest a different strategy, based on weaker electrostatic interactions between partners, with lower affinity and less efficient ET, but favoring instead the protein exchange and the turnover of the process. Finally, in diatoms the interaction of the acquired green-type Pc with both Cf and PSI may not yet be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Castell
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, cicCartuja, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis A Rodríguez-Lumbreras
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), CSIC—Universidad de La Rioja—Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Manuel Hervás
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, cicCartuja, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Recio
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), CSIC—Universidad de La Rioja—Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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2
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Castell C, Bernal-Bayard P, Ortega JM, Roncel M, Hervás M, Navarro JA. The heterologous expression of a plastocyanin in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum improves cell growth under iron-deficient conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:277-290. [PMID: 33247466 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated if the heterologous expression of a functional green alga plastocyanin in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum can improve photosynthetic activity and cell growth. Previous in vitro assays showed that a single-mutant of the plastocyanin from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is effective in reducing P. tricornutum photosystem I. In this study, in vivo assays with P. tricornutum strains expressing this plastocyanin indicate that even the relatively low intracellular concentrations of holo-plastocyanin detected (≈4 μM) are enough to promote an increased growth (up to 60%) under iron-deficient conditions as compared with the WT strain, measured as higher cell densities, content in pigments and active photosystem I, global photosynthetic rates per cell, and even cell volume. In addition, the presence of plastocyanin as an additional photosynthetic electron carrier seems to decrease the over-reduction of the plastoquinone pool. Consequently, it promotes an improvement in the maximum quantum yield of both photosystem II and I, together with a decrease in the acceptor side photoinhibition of photosystem II-also associated to a reduced oxidative stress-a decrease in the peroxidation of membrane lipids in the choroplast, and a lower degree of limitation on the donor side of photosystem I. Thus the heterologous plastocyanin appears to act as a functional electron carrier, alternative to the native cytochrome c6 , under iron-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Castell
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar Bernal-Bayard
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Ortega
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Roncel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Hervás
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
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3
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Jacquet M, Kiliszek M, Osella S, Izzo M, Sar J, Harputlu E, Unlu CG, Trzaskowski B, Ocakoglu K, Kargul J. Molecular mechanism of direct electron transfer in the robust cytochrome-functionalised graphene nanosystem. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18860-18869. [PMID: 35478629 PMCID: PMC9033600 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanism of DET between graphene and cytochrome c depends on the metal in the bio-organic interface: Co enhances the cathodic current via electron hopping from graphene to haem, whereas Ni exerts the opposite effect via tunnelling.
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Hira D, Kitamura R, Nakamura T, Yamagata Y, Furukawa K, Fujii T. Anammox Organism KSU-1 Expresses a Novel His/DOPA Ligated Cytochrome c. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1189-1200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Szalkowski M, Janna Olmos JD, Buczyńska D, Maćkowski S, Kowalska D, Kargul J. Plasmon-induced absorption of blind chlorophylls in photosynthetic proteins assembled on silver nanowires. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10475-10486. [PMID: 28703814 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03866f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that controlled assembly of eukaryotic photosystem I with its associated light harvesting antenna complex (PSI-LHCI) on plasmonically active silver nanowires (AgNWs) substantially improves the optical functionality of such a novel biohybrid nanostructure. By comparing fluorescence intensities measured for PSI-LHCI complex randomly oriented on AgNWs and the results obtained for the PSI-LHCI/cytochrome c553 (cyt c553) bioconjugate with AgNWs we conclude that the specific binding of photosynthetic complexes with defined uniform orientation yields selective excitation of a pool of chlorophyll (Chl) molecules that are otherwise almost non-absorbing. This is remarkable, as this study shows for the first time that plasmonic excitations in metallic nanostructures can not only be used to enhance native absorption of photosynthetic pigments, but also - by employing cyt c553 as the conjugation cofactor - to activate the specific Chl pools as the absorbing sites only when the uniform and well-defined orientation of PSI-LHCI with respect to plasmonic nanostructures is achieved. As absorption of PSI alone is comparatively low, our approach lends itself as an innovative approach to outperform the reported-to-date biohybrid devices with respect to solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szalkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Julian David Janna Olmos
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland. and Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Buczyńska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland. and Baltic Institute of Technology, al. Zwycięstwa 96/98, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kargul
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Janna Olmos JD, Becquet P, Gront D, Sar J, Dąbrowski A, Gawlik G, Teodorczyk M, Pawlak D, Kargul J. Biofunctionalisation of p-doped silicon with cytochrome c553minimises charge recombination and enhances photovoltaic performance of the all-solid-state photosystem I-based biophotoelectrode. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Passivation of p-doped silicon substrate was achieved by its biofunctionalisation with hexahistidine-tagged cytochrome c553, a soluble electroactive photosynthetic protein responsible for electron donation to photooxidised photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dominik Gront
- Laboratory of Theory of Biopolymers
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Warsaw
- 02-093 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Jarosław Sar
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology
- 01-919 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Gawlik
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology
- 01-919 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Dorota Pawlak
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology
- 01-919 Warsaw
- Poland
- Laboratory of Materials Technology
- Centre for New Technologies
| | - Joanna Kargul
- Solar Fuels Laboratory
- Centre for New Technologies
- University of Warsaw
- 02-097 Warsaw
- Poland
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7
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Bialek W, Krzywda S, Zatwarnicki P, Jaskolski M, Kolesinski P, Szczepaniak A. Insights into the relationship between the haem-binding pocket and the redox potential ofc6cytochromes: four atomic resolution structures ofc6andc6-like proteins fromSynechococcussp. PCC 7002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:2823-32. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714013108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structure of cytochromec6Cfrom the mesophilic cyanobacteriumSynechococcussp. PCC 7002 has been determined at 1.03 Å resolution. This is the first structural report on the recently discovered cyanobacterial cytochromec6-like proteins found in marine and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Despite high similarity in the overall three-dimensional fold between cytochromesc6andc6C, the latter shows saliently different electrostatic properties in terms of surface charge distribution and dipole moments. Its midpoint redox potential is less than half of the value for typicalc6cytochromes and results mainly from the substitution of one residue in the haem pocket. Here, high-resolution crystal structures of mutants of both cytochromesc6andc6Care presented, and the impact of the mutation of specific residues in the haem-binding pocket on the redox potential is discussed. These findings contribute to the elucidation of the structure–function relationship ofc6-like cytochromes.
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8
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Structural and kinetic studies of imidazole binding to two members of the cytochrome c 6 family reveal an important role for a conserved heme pocket residue. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 16:577-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Bialek W, Krzywda S, Jaskolski M, Szczepaniak A. Atomic-resolution structure of reduced cyanobacterial cytochromec6with an unusual sequence insertion. FEBS J 2009; 276:4426-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Pokkuluri PR, Londer YY, Wood SJ, Duke NEC, Morgado L, Salgueiro CA, Schiffer M. Outer membrane cytochrome c, OmcF, from Geobacter sulfurreducens: high structural similarity to an algal cytochrome c6. Proteins 2009; 74:266-70. [PMID: 18837462 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P R Pokkuluri
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
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11
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Akazaki H, Kawai F, Chida H, Matsumoto Y, Hirayama M, Hoshikawa K, Unzai S, Hakamata W, Nishio T, Park SY, Oku T. Cloning, expression and purification of cytochrome c(6) from the brown alga Hizikia fusiformis and complete X-ray diffraction analysis of the structure. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:674-80. [PMID: 18678931 PMCID: PMC2494970 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108017752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The primary sequence of cytochrome c(6) from the brown alga Hizikia fusiformis has been determined by cDNA cloning and the crystal structure has been solved at 1.6 A resolution. The crystal belonged to the tetragonal space group P4(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 84.58, c = 232.91 A and six molecules per asymmetric unit. The genome code, amino-acid sequence and crystal structure of H. fusiformis cytochrome c(6) were most similar to those of red algal cytochrome c(6). These results support the hypothesis that brown algae acquired their chloroplasts via secondary endosymbiosis involving a red algal endosymbiont and a eukaryote host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Akazaki
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawai
- Protein Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chida
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichirou Matsumoto
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Mao Hirayama
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Hoshikawa
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Unzai
- Protein Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Wataru Hakamata
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nishio
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Sam-Yong Park
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Tadatake Oku
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
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12
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Worrall JAR, Schlarb-Ridley BG, Reda T, Marcaida MJ, Moorlen RJ, Wastl J, Hirst J, Bendall DS, Luisi BF, Howe CJ. Modulation of heme redox potential in the cytochrome c6 family. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:9468-75. [PMID: 17625855 PMCID: PMC7610927 DOI: 10.1021/ja072346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c6A is a unique dithio-cytochrome of green algae and plants. It has a very similar core structure to that of bacterial and algal cytochromes c6 but is unable to fulfill the same function of transferring electrons from cytochrome f to photosystem I. A key feature is that its heme midpoint potential is more than 200 mV below that of cytochrome c6 despite having His and Met as axial heme-iron ligands. To identify the molecular origins of the difference in potential, the structure of cytochrome c6 from the cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum has been determined by X-ray crystallography and compared with the known structure of cytochrome c6A. One salient difference of the heme pockets is that a highly conserved Gln (Q51) in cytochrome c6 is replaced by Val (V52) in c6A. Using protein film voltammetry, we found that swapping these residues raised the c6A potential by +109 mV and decreased that of c6 by almost the same extent, -100 mV. X-ray crystallography of the V52Q protein showed that the Gln residue adopts the same configuration relative to the heme as in cytochrome c6 and we propose that this stereochemistry destabilizes the oxidized form of the heme. Consequently, replacement of Gln by Val was probably a key step in the evolution of cytochrome c6A from cytochrome c6, inhibiting reduction by the cytochrome b6f complex and facilitating establishment of a new function.
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13
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Chida H, Nakazawa A, Akazaki H, Hirano T, Suruga K, Ogawa M, Satoh T, Kadokura K, Yamada S, Hakamata W, Isobe K, Ito TI, Ishii R, Nishio T, Sonoike K, Oku T. Expression of the algal cytochrome c6 gene in Arabidopsis enhances photosynthesis and growth. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 48:948-57. [PMID: 17548374 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic plants convert light energy into ATP and NADPH in photosynthetic electron transfer and photophosphorylation, and synthesize mainly carbohydrates in the Calvin-Benson cycle. Here we report the enhancement of photosynthesis and growth of plants by introducing the gene of an algal cytochrome c6, which has been evolutionarily eliminated from higher plant chloroplasts, into the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. At 60 d after planting, the plant height, leaf length and root length of the transformants were 1.3-, 1.1- and 1.3-fold those in the wild-type plants, respectively. At the same time, in the transgenic plants, the amounts of chlorophyll, protein, ATP, NADPH and starch were 1.2-, 1.1-, 1.9-, 1.4- and 1.2-fold those in the wild-type plants, respectively. The CO2 assimilation capacity of the transgenic plants was 1.3-fold that of the wild type. Moreover, in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing algal cytochrome c6, the 1-qP, which reflects the reduced state of the plastoquinone pool, is 30% decreased compared with the wild type. These results show that the electron transfer of photosynthesis of Arabidopsis would be accelerated by the expression of algal cytochrome c6. Our results demonstrate that the growth and photosynthesis of Arabidopsis plants could be enhanced by the expression of the algal cytochrome c6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Chida
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-8510 Japan
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14
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Chida H, Yokoyama T, Kawai F, Nakazawa A, Akazaki H, Takayama Y, Hirano T, Suruga K, Satoh T, Yamada S, Kawachi R, Unzai S, Nishio T, Park SY, Oku T. Crystal structure of oxidized cytochromec6AfromArabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3763-8. [PMID: 16777100 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Compared with algal and cyanobacterial cytochrome c(6), cytochrome c(6A) from higher plants contains an additional loop of 12 amino acid residues. We have determined the first crystal structure of cytochrome c(6A) from Arabidopsis thaliana at 1.5 Angstrom resolution in order to help elucidate its function. The overall structure of cytochrome c(6A) follows the topology of class I c-type cytochromes in which the heme prosthetic group covalently binds to Cys16 and Cys19, and the iron has octahedral coordination with His20 and Met60 as the axial ligands. Two cysteine residues (Cys67 and Cys73) within the characteristic 12 amino acids loop form a disulfide bond, contributing to the structural stability of cytochrome c(6A). Our model provides a chemical basis for the known low redox potential of cytochrome c(6A) which makes it an unsuitable electron carrier between cytochrome b(6)f and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Chida
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
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15
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Kim BC, Leang C, Ding YHR, Glaven RH, Coppi MV, Lovley DR. OmcF, a putative c-Type monoheme outer membrane cytochrome required for the expression of other outer membrane cytochromes in Geobacter sulfurreducens. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:4505-13. [PMID: 15968061 PMCID: PMC1151787 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.13.4505-4513.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane cytochromes are often proposed as likely agents for electron transfer to extracellular electron acceptors, such as Fe(III). The omcF gene in the dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing microorganism Geobacter sulfurreducens is predicted to code for a small outer membrane monoheme c-type cytochrome. An OmcF-deficient strain was constructed, and its ability to reduce and grow on Fe(III) citrate was found to be impaired. Following a prolonged lag phase (150 h), the OmcF-deficient strain developed the ability to grow in Fe(III) citrate medium with doubling times and yields that were ca. 145% and 70% of those of the wild type, respectively. Comparison of the c-type cytochrome contents of outer membrane-enriched fractions prepared from wild-type and OmcF-deficient cultures confirmed the outer membrane association of OmcF and revealed multiple changes in the cytochrome content of the OmcF-deficient strain. These changes included loss of expression of two previously characterized outer membrane cytochromes, OmcB and OmcC, and overexpression of a third previously characterized outer membrane cytochrome, OmcS, during growth on Fe(III) citrate. The omcB and omcC transcripts could not be detected in the OmcF-deficient mutant by either reverse transcriptase PCR or Northern blot analyses. Expression of the omcF gene in trans restored both the capacity of the OmcF-deficient mutant to reduce Fe(III) and wild-type levels of omcB and omcC mRNA and protein. Thus, elimination of OmcF may impair Fe(III) reduction by influencing expression of OmcB, which has previously been demonstrated to play a critical role in Fe(III) reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Chan Kim
- Department of Microbiology, 203 Morrill Science IVN, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 639 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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16
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Suruga K, Murakami K, Taniyama Y, Hama T, Chida H, Satoh T, Yamada S, Hakamata W, Kawachi R, Isogai Y, Nishio T, Oku T. A novel microperoxidase activity: methyl viologen-linked nitrite reducing activity of microperoxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 315:815-22. [PMID: 14985085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the nitrite reducing activity of microperoxidases (mps) in the presence of methyl viologen and dithionite, the fragments C14-K22 (mp9), V11-L32 (mp22), and G1-M65 (mp65) containing heme were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of commercially equine heart cytochrome c (Cyt c), in which His is axially coordinated to heme iron, and acts as its fifth ligand. The nitrite reducing activity of mps was measured under anaerobic condition, and the nitrite reducing activity of mps increased with the cutting of the peptide chain. The activity of the shortest nonapeptide mp9 was approximately 120-fold that of Cyt c (104 amino acid residues) and 3.2-fold that of nitrite reductase (EC 1.7.7.1) from Escherichia coli. In the nitrite reduction by mp, nitrite was completely reduced to ammonia. We presumed that ferrous mps reduced NO2- to NO by donating one electron, the NO was completely reduced to NH4+ under anaerobic condition via ferrous-NO complexes as a reaction intermediate using visible spectra and ESR spectra, and this overall reaction was a 6-electron and 8-proton reduction. Sepharose-immobilized mp9 had a nitrite reducing activity similar to that of mp9 in solution, and the resin retained the activity after five uses and even 1-year storage. The mp will be able to use as a substitute for nitrite reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Suruga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
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Crowley PB, Díaz-Quintana A, Molina-Heredia FP, Nieto P, Sutter M, Haehnel W, De La Rosa MA, Ubbink M. The interactions of cyanobacterial cytochrome c6 and cytochrome f, characterized by NMR. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:48685-9. [PMID: 12356767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203983200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During oxygenic photosynthesis, cytochrome c(6) shuttles electrons between the membrane-bound complexes cytochrome bf and photosystem I. Complex formation between Phormidium laminosum cytochrome f and cytochrome c(6) from both Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 and Synechococcus elongatus has been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chemical-shift perturbation analysis reveals a binding site on Anabaena cytochrome c(6), which consists of a predominantly hydrophobic patch surrounding the heme substituent, methyl 5. This region of the protein was implicated previously in the formation of the reactive complex with photosytem I. In contrast to the results obtained for Anabaena cytochrome c(6), there is no evidence for specific complex formation with the acidic cytochrome c(6) from Synechococcus. This remarkable variability between analogous cytochromes c(6) supports the idea that different organisms utilize distinct mechanisms of photosynthetic intermolecular electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Crowley
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P. O. Box 9502, The Netherlands
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