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Baker AN, Hawker-Bond GW, Georgiou PG, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles in point of care diagnostics: from aggregation to lateral flow. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7238-7259. [PMID: 35894819 PMCID: PMC9377422 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays, such as the home pregnancy test, rely on proteins as detection units (e.g. antibodies) to sense for analytes. Glycans play a fundamental role in biological signalling and recognition events such as pathogen adhesion and hence they are promising future alternatives to antibody-based biosensing and diagnostics. Here we introduce the potential of glycans coupled to gold nanoparticles as recognition agents for lateral flow diagnostics. We first introduce the concept of lateral flow, including a case study of lateral flow use in the field compared to other diagnostic tools. We then introduce glycosylated materials, the affinity gains achieved by the cluster glycoside effect and the current use of these in aggregation based assays. Finally, the potential role of glycans in lateral flow are explained, and examples of their successful use given. Antibody-based lateral flow (immune) assays are well established, but here the emerging concept and potential of using glycans as the detection agents is reviewed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - George W Hawker-Bond
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. .,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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Parhi L, Abed J, Shhadeh A, Alon-Maimon T, Udi S, Ben-Arye SL, Tam J, Parnas O, Padler-Karavani V, Goldman-Wohl D, Yagel S, Mandelboim O, Bachrach G. Placental colonization by Fusobacterium nucleatum is mediated by binding of the Fap2 lectin to placentally displayed Gal-GalNAc. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110537. [PMID: 35320712 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While the existence of an indigenous placental microbiota remains controversial, several pathogens are known to be involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium that is one of several bacteria associated with preterm birth. Oral fusobacteria translocate to the placenta hematogenously; however, the mechanisms localizing them to the placenta remain unclear. Here, using peanut agglutinin, we demonstrate that the level of Gal-GalNAc (Galβ1-3GalNAc; Thomsen Friedenreich antigen) found on trophoblasts facing entering maternal blood rises during gestation and is recognized by the fusobacterial Fap2 Gal-GalNAc lectin. F. nucleatum binding to human and mouse placenta correlates with Gal-GalNAc levels and is reduced upon O-glycanase treatment or with soluble Gal-GalNAc. Fap2-inactivated F. nucleatum shows reduced binding to Gal-GalNAc-displaying placental sections. In a mouse model, intravenously injected Fap2-expressing F. nucleatum, but not a Fap2 mutant, reduces mouse fetal survival by 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishay Parhi
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Jawad Abed
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Amjad Shhadeh
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Tamar Alon-Maimon
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Oren Parnas
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Debra Goldman-Wohl
- Magda and Richard Hoffman Center for Human Placenta Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Simcha Yagel
- Magda and Richard Hoffman Center for Human Placenta Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
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Cagnoni AJ, Primo ED, Klinke S, Cano ME, Giordano W, Mariño KV, Kovensky J, Goldbaum FA, Uhrig ML, Otero LH. Crystal structures of peanut lectin in the presence of synthetic β-N- and β-S-galactosides disclose evidence for the recognition of different glycomimetic ligands. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 76:1080-1091. [PMID: 33135679 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320012371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-lectin interactions are involved in important cellular recognition processes, including viral and bacterial infections, inflammation and tumor metastasis. Hence, structural studies of lectin-synthetic glycan complexes are essential for understanding lectin-recognition processes and for the further design of promising chemotherapeutics that interfere with sugar-lectin interactions. Plant lectins are excellent models for the study of the molecular-recognition process. Among them, peanut lectin (PNA) is highly relevant in the field of glycobiology because of its specificity for β-galactosides, showing high affinity towards the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, a well known tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen. Given this specificity, PNA is one of the most frequently used molecular probes for the recognition of tumor cell-surface O-glycans. Thus, it has been extensively used in glycobiology for inhibition studies with a variety of β-galactoside and β-lactoside ligands. Here, crystal structures of PNA are reported in complex with six novel synthetic hydrolytically stable β-N- and β-S-galactosides. These complexes disclosed key molecular-binding interactions of the different sugars with PNA at the atomic level, revealing the roles of specific water molecules in protein-ligand recognition. Furthermore, binding-affinity studies by isothermal titration calorimetry showed dissociation-constant values in the micromolar range, as well as a positive multivalency effect in terms of affinity in the case of the divalent compounds. Taken together, this work provides a qualitative structural rationale for the upcoming synthesis of optimized glycoclusters designed for the study of lectin-mediated biological processes. The understanding of the recognition of β-N- and β-S-galactosides by PNA represents a benchmark in protein-carbohydrate interactions since they are novel synthetic ligands that do not belong to the family of O-linked glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano D Primo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, INBIAS-CONICET, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Klinke
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Cano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Giordano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, INBIAS-CONICET, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A)-CNRS UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France
| | - Fernando A Goldbaum
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisandro H Otero
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sivaji N, Suguna K, Surolia A, Vijayan M. Structural and related studies on Mevo lectin from Methanococcus voltae A3: the first thorough characterization of an archeal lectin and its interactions. Glycobiology 2020; 31:315-328. [PMID: 32651948 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallographic and solution studies of Mevo lectin and its complexes, the first effort of its kind on an archeal lectin, reveal a structure similar to β-prism I fold lectins from plant and animal sources, but with a quaternary association involving a ring structure with seven-fold symmetry. Each subunit in the heptamer carries one sugar binding site on the first Greek key motif. The oligomeric interface is primarily made up of a parallel β-sheet involving a strand of Greek key I of one subunit and Greek key ΙΙΙ from a neighboring subunit. The crystal structures of the complexes of the lectin with mannose, αMan(1,2)αMan, αMan(1,3)αMan, a mannotriose and a mannopentose revealed a primary binding site similar to that found in other mannose specific β-prism I fold lectins. The complex with αMan(1,3)αMan provides an interesting case in which a few subunits have the reducing end at the primary binding site, while the majority have the nonreducing end at the primary binding site. The structures of complexes involving the trisaccharide and the pentasaccharide exhibit cross-linking among heptameric molecules. The observed arrangements may be relevant to the multivalency of the lectin. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences indicates that Mevo lectin is closer to β-prism I fold animal lectins than with those of plant origin. The results presented here reinforce the conclusion regarding the existence of lectins in all three domains of life. It would also appear that lectins evolved to the present form before the three domains diverged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nukathoti Sivaji
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaza Suguna
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mamannamana Vijayan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Nascimento KS, Silva MTL, Oliveira MV, Lossio CF, Pinto-Junior VR, Osterne VJS, Cavada BS. Dalbergieae lectins: A review of lectins from species of a primitive Papilionoideae (leguminous) tribe. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:509-526. [PMID: 31857177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are (glyco)proteins capable of reversibly binding to specific carbohydrates, thus having various functions and applications. Plant lectins are the best studied, and the Leguminoseae family is highlighted in a number of published works, especially species of the Papilionoideae subfamily. Dalbergieae is one of the tribes in this subfamily comprising 49 genera and over 1300 species. From this tribe, about 26 lectins were studied, among which we can highlight the Arachis hypogaea lectin, widely used in cancer studies. Dalbergieae lectins demonstrate various carbohydrate specificities and biological activities including anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, nociceptive, antibacterial, antiviral among others. Structurally, these lectins are quite similar in their three-dimensional folding but present significant differences in oligomerization patterns and in the conservation of carbohydrate-recognition domain. Despite the existence of structural data from some lectins, only sparse literature has reported on this tribe's diversity, not to mention the range of biological effects, determined through specific assays. Therefore, this work will review the most important studies on Dalbergieae lectins and their potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyria Santiago Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Torquato Lima Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Messias Vital Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Claudia Figueiredo Lossio
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Jose Silva Osterne
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Benildo Sousa Cavada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Hydrogel and membrane scaffold formulations of Frutalin (breadfruit lectin) within a polysaccharide galactomannan matrix have potential for wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:429-442. [PMID: 30326222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins, which can interact with cell surfaces to initiate anti-inflammatory pathways, as well as immunomodulatory functions. Here, we have extracted, purified and part-characterized the bioactivity of Jacalin, Frutalin, DAL and PNA, before evaluating their potential for wound healing in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Only Frutalin stimulated fibroblast migration in vitro, prompting further studies which established its low cytotoxicity and interaction with TLR4 receptors. Frutalin also increased p-ERK expression and stimulated IL-6 secretion. The in vivo potential of Frutalin for wound healing was then assessed in hybrid combination with the polysaccharide galactomannan, purified from Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds, using both hydrogel and membrane scaffolds formulations. Physical-chemical characterization of the hybrid showed that lectin-galactomannan interactions increased the pseudoplastic behaviour of solutions, reducing viscosity and increasing Frutalin's concentration. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy revealed -OH band displacement, likely caused by interaction of Frutalin with galactose residues present on galactomannan chains, while average membrane porosity was 100 μm, sufficient to ensure water vapor permeability. Accelerated angiogenesis and increased fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation were observed with the optimal hybrid recovering the lesioned area after 11 days. Our findings indicate Frutalin as a biomolecule with potential for tissue repair, regeneration and chronic wound healing.
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Neco AHB, Pinto-Junior VR, Araripe DA, Santiago MQ, Osterne VJS, Lossio CF, Nobre CAS, Oliveira MV, Silva MTL, Martins MGQ, Cajazeiras JB, Marques GFO, Costa DR, Nascimento KS, Assreuy AMS, Cavada BS. Structural analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics of an edematogenic lectin from Centrolobium microchaete seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Chandran T, Sharma A, Vijayan M. Structural studies on a non-toxic homologue of type II RIPs from bitter gourd: Molecular basis of non-toxicity, conformational selection and glycan structure. J Biosci 2016; 40:929-41. [PMID: 26648038 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structures of nine independent crystals of bitter gourd seed lectin (BGSL), a non-toxic homologue of type II RIPs, and its sugar complexes have been determined. The four-chain, two-fold symmetric, protein is made up of two identical two-chain modules, each consisting of a catalytic chain and a lectin chain, connected by a disulphide bridge. The lectin chain is made up of two domains. Each domain carries a carbohydrate binding site in type II RIPs of known structure. BGSL has a sugar binding site only on one domain, thus impairing its interaction at the cell surface. The adenine binding site in the catalytic chain is defective. Thus, defects in sugar binding as well as adenine binding appear to contribute to the non-toxicity of the lectin. The plasticity of the molecule is mainly caused by the presence of two possible well defined conformations of a surface loop in the lectin chain. One of them is chosen in the sugar complexes, in a case of conformational selection, as the chosen conformation facilitates an additional interaction with the sugar, involving an arginyl residue in the loop. The N-glycosylation of the lectin involves a plant-specific glycan while that in toxic type II RIPs of known structure involves a glycan which is animal as well as plant specific.
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Grant OC, Tessier MB, Meche L, Mahal LK, Foley BL, Woods RJ. Combining 3D structure with glycan array data provides insight into the origin of glycan specificity. Glycobiology 2016; 26:772-783. [PMID: 26911287 PMCID: PMC4976521 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how a glycan-binding protein (GBP) specifically selects its cognate glycan from among the ensemble of glycans within the cellular glycome is an area of intense study. Powerful insight into recognition mechanisms can be gained from 3D structures of GBPs complexed to glycans; however, such structures remain difficult to obtain experimentally. Here an automated 3D structure generation technique, called computational carbohydrate grafting, is combined with the wealth of specificity information available from glycan array screening. Integration of the array data with modeling and crystallography allows generation of putative co-complex structures that can be objectively assessed and iteratively altered until a high level of agreement with experiment is achieved. Given an accurate model of the co-complexes, grafting is also able to discern which binding determinants are active when multiple potential determinants are present within a glycan. In some cases, induced fit in the protein or glycan was necessary to explain the observed specificity, while in other examples a revised definition of the minimal binding determinants was required. When applied to a collection of 10 GBP-glycan complexes, for which crystallographic and array data have been reported, grafting provided a structural rationalization for the binding specificity of >90% of 1223 arrayed glycans. A webtool that enables researchers to perform computational carbohydrate grafting is available at www.glycam.org/gr (accessed 03 March 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew B Tessier
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lawrence Meche
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lara K Mahal
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Bethany L Foley
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Mammalian Cell Surface Display as a Novel Method for Developing Engineered Lectins with Novel Characteristics. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1540-62. [PMID: 26287256 PMCID: PMC4598763 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leguminous lectins have a conserved carbohydrate recognition site comprising four loops (A–D). Here, we randomly mutated the sequence and length of loops C and D of peanut agglutinin (PNA) and expressed the proteins on the surface of mouse green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reporter cells. Flow cytometry, limiting dilution, and cDNA cloning were used to screen for several mutated PNAs with distinct properties. The mutated PNA clones obtained using NeuAcα2-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAc as a ligand showed preference for NeuAcα2-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAc rather than non-sialylated Galβ1-3GlcNAc, whereas wild-type PNA binds to Galβ1-3GlcNAc but not sialylated Galβ1-3GalNAc. Sequence analyses revealed that for all of the glycan-reactive mutated PNA clones, (i) loop C was eight amino acids in length, (ii) loop D was identical to that of wild-type PNA, (iii) residue 127 was asparagine, (iv) residue 125 was tryptophan, and (v) residue 130 was hydrophobic tyrosine, phenylalanine, or histidine. The sugar-binding ability of wild-type PNA was increased nine-fold when Tyr125 was mutated to tryptophan, and that of mutated clone C was increased more than 30-fold after His130 was changed to tyrosine. These results provide an insight into the relationship between the amino acid sequences of the carbohydrate recognition site and sugar-binding abilities of leguminous lectins.
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KleinJan GH, Buckle T, van Willigen DM, van Oosterom MN, Spa SJ, Kloosterboer HE, van Leeuwen FWB. Fluorescent lectins for local in vivo visualization of peripheral nerves. Molecules 2014; 19:9876-92. [PMID: 25006792 PMCID: PMC6271788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to peripheral nerves caused during a surgical intervention often results in function loss. Fluorescence imaging has the potential to improve intraoperative identification and preservation of these structures. However, only very few nerve targeting agents are available. This study describes the in vivo nerve staining capabilities of locally administered fluorescent lectin-analogues. To this end WGA, PNA, PHA-L and LEL were functionalized with Cy5 (λex max 640 nm; λem max 680 nm). Transfer of these imaging agents along the sciatic nerve was evaluated in Thy1-YFP mice (n = 12) after intramuscular injection. Migration from the injection site was assessed in vivo using a laboratory fluorescence scanner and ex vivo via fluorescence confocal microscopy. All four lectins showed retrograde movement and staining of the epineurium with a signal-to-muscle ratio of around two. On average, the longest transfer distance was obtained with WGA-Cy5 (0.95 cm). Since WGA also gave minimal uptake in the lymphatic system, this lectin type revealed the highest potential as a migration imaging agent to visualize nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Hendrik KleinJan
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Hospital, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Hospital, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Michel van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Hospital, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Nathanaël van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Hospital, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Johara Spa
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Hospital, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen Egbert Kloosterboer
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Hospital, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs Willem Bernhard van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Hospital, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Patra D, Mishra P, Surolia A, Vijayan M. Structure, interactions and evolutionary implications of a domain-swapped lectin dimer from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Glycobiology 2014; 24:956-65. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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13
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Sharma A, Pohlentz G, Bobbili KB, Jeyaprakash AA, Chandran T, Mormann M, Swamy MJ, Vijayan M. The sequence and structure of snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina) seed lectin, a three-chain nontoxic homologue of type II RIPs. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:1493-503. [PMID: 23897472 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The sequence and structure of snake gourd seed lectin (SGSL), a nontoxic homologue of type II ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), have been determined by mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography, respectively. As in type II RIPs, the molecule consists of a lectin chain made up of two β-trefoil domains. The catalytic chain, which is connected through a disulfide bridge to the lectin chain in type II RIPs, is cleaved into two in SGSL. However, the integrity of the three-dimensional structure of the catalytic component of the molecule is preserved. This is the first time that a three-chain RIP or RIP homologue has been observed. A thorough examination of the sequence and structure of the protein and of its interactions with the bound methyl-α-galactose indicate that the nontoxicity of SGSL results from a combination of changes in the catalytic and the carbohydrate-binding sites. Detailed analyses of the sequences of type II RIPs of known structure and their homologues with unknown structure provide valuable insights into the evolution of this class of proteins. They also indicate some variability in carbohydrate-binding sites, which appears to contribute to the different levels of toxicity exhibited by lectins from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sharma
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
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Naso F, Gandaglia A, Iop L, Spina M, Gerosa G. Alpha-Gal detectors in xenotransplantation research: a word of caution. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19:215-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2012.00714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Chen L, Shi SD, Liu YQ, Gao QJ, Yi X, Liu KK, Liu H. Studies on the stereoselective synthesis of a protected α-d-Gal-(1→2)-d-Glc fragment. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1250-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Li DF, Zhang N, Hou YJ, Huang Y, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Liu SJ, Wang DC. Crystal structures of the transcriptional repressor RolR reveals a novel recognition mechanism between inducer and regulator. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19529. [PMID: 21559286 PMCID: PMC3086911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many members of the TetR family control the transcription of genes involved in multidrug resistance and pathogenicity. RolR (ResorcinolRegulator), the recently reported TetR-type regulator for aromatic catabolism from Corynebacterium glutamicum, distinguishes itself by low sequence similarities and different regulation from the previously known members of the TetR family. Here we report the crystal structures of RolR in its effector-bound (with resorcinol) and aop- forms at 2.5 Å and 3.6 Å, respectively. The structure of resorcinol-RolR complex reveal that the hydrogen-bonded network mediated by the four-residue motif (Asp94- Arg145- Arg148- Asp149) with two water molecules and the hydrophobic interaction via five residues (Phe107, Leu111, Leu114, Leu142, and Phe172) are the key factors for the recognition and binding between the resorcinol and RolR molecules. The center-to-center separation of the recognition helices h3-h3′ is decreased upon effector-binding from 34.9 Å to 30.4 Å. This structural change results in that RolR was unsuitable for DNA binding. Those observations are distinct from that in other TetR members. Structure-based mutagenesis on RolR was carried out and the results confirmed the critical roles of the above mentioned residues for effector-binding specificity and affinity. Similar sequence searches and sequence alignments identified 29 RolR homologues from GenBank, and all the above mentioned residues are highly conserved in the homologues. Based on these structural and other functional investigations, it is proposed that RolR may represent a new subfamily of TetR proteins that are invovled in aromatic degradation and sharing common recognition mode as for RolR.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jie Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (D-CW); (S-JL)
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (D-CW); (S-JL)
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17
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Feng L, Sun H, Zhang Y, Li DF, Wang DC. Structural insights into the recognition mechanism between an antitumor galectin AAL and the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen. FASEB J 2010; 24:3861-8. [PMID: 20530247 PMCID: PMC3229422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-159111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, which plays an important role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, occurs in ∼90% of all human cancers and precancerous conditions. Although TF antigen has been known for almost 80 yr as a pancarcinoma antigen, the recognition mechanism between TF antigen and target protein has not been structurally characterized. A number of studies indicated that TF disaccharide is a potential ligand of the galactoside-binding galectins. In this work, we identified the TF antigen as a potential ligand of the antitumor galectin AAL (Agrocybe aegerita lectin) through glycan array analysis and reported the crystal structure of AAL complexed with the TF antigen. The structure provides a first look at the recognition mode between AAL and TF antigen, which is unique in a conservative (Glu-water-Arg-water) structural motif-based hydrogen bond network. Structure-based mutagenesis analysis further revealed the residues responsible for recognition specificity and binding affinity. Crystal structures of AAL complexed with two other TF-containing glycans showed that the unique TF recognition mode is kept intact, which may be commonly adopted in some cancer-related galectins. The finding provided the new target and approach for the antitumor drug design and relative strategy based on the AAL-TF recognition mode as a prototype model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, and
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, and
| | - De-Feng Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, and
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, and
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Sharma A, Vijayan M. Influence of glycosidic linkage on the nature of carbohydrate binding in β-prism I fold lectins: An X-ray and molecular dynamics investigation on banana lectin–carbohydrate complexes. Glycobiology 2010; 21:23-33. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Yuriev E, Agostino M, Farrugia W, Christiansen D, Sandrin MS, Ramsland PA. Structural biology of carbohydrate xenoantigens. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:1017-29. [PMID: 19591628 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903066703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of organs across species (xenotransplantation) is being considered to overcome the shortage of human donor organs. However, unmodified pig organs undergo an antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection that is brought about by the presence of natural antibodies to Galalpha(1,3)Gal, which is the major carbohydrate xenoantigen. Genetic modification of pig organs to remove most of the Galalpha(1,3)Gal epitopes has been achieved, but the human immune system may still recognize residual lipid-linked Galalpha(1,3)Gal carbohydrates, new (cryptic) carbohydrates or additional non-Galalpha(1,3)Gal carbohydrate xenoantigens. The structural basis for lectin and antibody recognition of Galalpha(1,3)Gal carbohydrates is starting to be understood and is discussed in this review. Antibody binding to Galalpha(1,3)Gal carbohydrates is predicted to primarily involve end-on insertion of the terminal alphaGal residue, but it is possible that groove-type binding can occur, as for some lectins. It is likely that similar antibody and lectin recognition will occur with other non-Galalpha(1,3)Gal xenoantigens, which potentially represent new barriers for pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Yuriev
- Monash University, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Victoria, Australia
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Agostino M, Sandrin MS, Thompson PE, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. In silico analysis of antibody-carbohydrate interactions and its application to xenoreactive antibodies. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:233-46. [PMID: 19828202 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-carbohydrate interactions play central roles in stimulating adverse immune reactions. The most familiar example of such a process is the reaction observed in ABO-incompatible blood transfusion and organ transplantation. The ABO blood groups are defined by the presence of specific carbohydrates expressed on the surface of red blood cells. Preformed antibodies in the incompatible recipient (i.e., different blood groups) recognize cells exhibiting host-incompatible ABO system antigens and proceed to initiate lysis of the incompatible cells. Pig-to-human xenotransplantation presents a similar immunological barrier. Antibodies present in humans recognize carbohydrate antigens on the surface of pig organs as foreign and proceed to initiate hyperacute xenograft rejection. The major carbohydrate xenoantigens all bear terminal Gal alpha(1,3)Gal epitopes (or alphaGal). In this study, we have developed and validated a site mapping technique to investigate protein-ligand recognition and applied it to antibody-carbohydrate systems. This site mapping technique involves the use of molecular docking to generate a series of antibody-carbohydrate complexes, followed by analysis of the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions occurring in each complex. The technique was validated by application to a series of antibody-carbohydrate crystal structures. In each case, the majority of interactions made in the crystal structure complex were able to be reproduced. The technique was then applied to investigate xenoantigen recognition by a panel of monoclonal anti-alphaGal antibodies. The results indicate that there is a significant overlap of the antibody regions engaging the xenoantigens across the panel. Likewise, similar regions of the xenoantigens interact with the antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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21
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Pandey G, Fatma T, Komath SS. Specific Interaction of the Legume Lectins, Concanavalin A and Peanut Agglutinin, with Phycocyanin. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:1126-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vijayan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Gondran C, Dubois MP, Fort S, Cosnier S, Szunerits S. Detection of carbohydrate-binding proteins by oligosaccharide-modified polypyrrole interfaces using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance. Analyst 2007; 133:206-12. [PMID: 18227943 DOI: 10.1039/b714717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the use of electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (E-SPR) for the detection of carbohydrate-binding proteins. The generation of an SPR sensor specific to lectins Arachis hypogaea (PNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) is based on the electrochemical polymerization of oligosaccharide derivatives functionalized by pyrrole groups. The resulting thin conducting polymer films were characterized using E-SPR and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The specific binding of PNA to polypyrrole-lactosyl and of MAA to polypyrrole-3'-sialyllactosyl films was investigated using SPR. The detection limit was 41 nM for PNA and 83 nM for MAA. Through Scatchard analysis and linear transformation of the SPR sensorgram data, association (k(ass)) and dissociation rate constants (k(diss)) could be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Gondran
- Département de Chimie moléculaire (UMR-CNRS-5250), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble (FR-CNRS 2607), Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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