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Ghaedizadeh S, Zeinali M, Dabirmanesh B, Rasekh B, Khajeh K, Banaei-Moghaddam AM. Rational design engineering of a more thermostable Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense carbonic anhydrase for potential application in carbon dioxide capture technologies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140962. [PMID: 37716447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Implementing hyperthermostable carbonic anhydrases into CO2 capture and storage technologies in order to increase the rate of CO2 absorption from the industrial flue gases is of great importance from technical and economical points of view. The present study employed a combination of in silico tools to further improve thermostability of a known thermostable carbonic anhydrase from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense. Experimental results showed that our rationally engineered K100G mutant not only retained the overall structure and catalytic efficiency but also showed a 3 °C increase in the melting temperature and a two-fold improvement in the enzyme half-life at 85 °C. Based on the molecular dynamics simulation results, rearrangement of salt bridges and hydrogen interactions network causes a reduction in local flexibility of the K100G variant. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that thermostability can be improved through imposing local structural rigidity by engineering a single-point mutation on the surface of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ghaedizadeh
- Laboratory of Genomics and Epigenomics (LGE), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zeinali
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Group, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Rasekh
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Group, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Banaei-Moghaddam
- Laboratory of Genomics and Epigenomics (LGE), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Ali J, Faridi S, Sardar M. Carbonic anhydrase as a tool to mitigate global warming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28122-7. [PMID: 37336857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The global average temperature breaks the record every year, and this unprecedented speed at which it is unfolding is causing serious climate change which in turn impacts the lives of humans and other living organisms. Thus, it is imperative to take immediate action to limit global warming. Increased CO2 emission from the industrial sector that relies on fossil fuels is the major culprit. Mitigating global warming is an uphill battle that involves an integration of technologies such as switching to renewable energy, increasing the carbon sink capacity, and implementing carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) on major sources of CO2 emissions. Among all these methods, CCS is globally accepted as a potential technology to address this climate change. CCS using carbonic anhydrase (CA) is gaining momentum due to its advantages over other conventional CCS technologies. CA is a metalloenzyme that catalyses a fundamental reaction for life, i.e. the interconversion of bicarbonate and protons from carbon dioxide and water. The practical application of CA requires stable CAs operating under harsh operational conditions. CAs from extremophilic microbes are the potential candidates for the sequestration of CO2 and conversion into useful by-products. The soluble free form of CA is expensive, unstable, and non-reusable in an industrial setup. Immobilization of CA on various support materials can provide a better alternative for application in the sequestration of CO2. The present review provides insight into several types of CAs, their distinctive characteristics, sources, and recent developments in CA immobilization strategies for application in CO2 sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juned Ali
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shazia Faridi
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Meryam Sardar
- Enzyme Technology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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3
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Zolfaghari Emameh R, Barker HR, Turpeinen H, Parkkila S, Hytönen VP. A reverse vaccinology approach on transmembrane carbonic anhydrases from Plasmodium species as vaccine candidates for malaria prevention. Malar J 2022; 21:189. [PMID: 35706028 PMCID: PMC9199335 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a significant parasitic infection, and human infection is mediated by mosquito (Anopheles) biting and subsequent transmission of protozoa (Plasmodium) to the blood. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are known to be highly expressed in the midgut and ectoperitrophic space of Anopheles gambiae. Transmembrane CAs (tmCAs) in Plasmodium may be potential vaccine candidates for the control and prevention of malaria. METHODS In this study, two groups of transmembrane CAs, including α-CAs and one group of η-CAs were analysed by immunoinformatics and computational biology methods, such as predictions on transmembrane localization of CAs from Plasmodium spp., affinity and stability of different HLA classes, antigenicity of tmCA peptides, epitope and proteasomal cleavage of Plasmodium tmCAs, accessibility of Plasmodium tmCAs MHC-ligands, allergenicity of Plasmodium tmCAs, disulfide-bond of Plasmodium tmCAs, B cell epitopes of Plasmodium tmCAs, and Cell type-specific expression of Plasmodium CAs. RESULTS Two groups of α-CAs and one group of η-CAs in Plasmodium spp. were identified to contain tmCA sequences, having high affinity towards MHCs, high stability, and strong antigenicity. All putative tmCAs were predicted to contain sequences for proteasomal cleavage in antigen presenting cells (APCs). CONCLUSIONS The predicted results revealed that tmCAs from Plasmodium spp. can be potential targets for vaccination against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Harlan R Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories Ltd and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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4
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Mesbahuddin MS, Ganesan A, Kalyaanamoorthy S. Engineering stable carbonic anhydrases for CO2 capture: a critical review. Protein Eng Des Sel 2021; 34:6356912. [PMID: 34427656 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted inhibition of misregulated protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has been a promising area of investigation in drug discovery and development for human diseases. However, many constraints remain, including shallow binding surfaces and dynamic conformation changes upon interaction. A particularly challenging aspect is the undesirable off-target effects caused by inherent structural similarity among the protein families. To tackle this problem, phage display has been used to engineer PPIs for high-specificity binders with improved binding affinity and greatly reduced undesirable interactions with closely related proteins. Although general steps of phage display are standardized, library design is highly variable depending on experimental contexts. Here in this review, we examined recent advances in the structure-based combinatorial library design and the advantages and limitations of different approaches. The strategies described here can be explored for other protein-protein interactions and aid in designing new libraries or improving on previous libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2G 1C5, Canada
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5
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Gong Y, Yi M, Zhang L, Feng S, Deng H. Characterization of the Fc-III-4C-based recombinant protein expression system by using carbonic anhydrase as the model protein. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 177:105761. [PMID: 32956801 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of new affinity tags is important for recombinant protein expression and purification. Based on our earlier work, we devised an affinity tag by addition of two cysteine residues onto the N- and C-termini of the Fc-III peptide and designated as the Fc-III-4C tag, in which four cysteine residues form two disulfide linkages. The binding affinity of Fc-III-4C tag to human IgG is measured as 2.28 nM (Kd) and is 100 times higher than that of the Fc-III tag to IgG. Fc-III-4C tagged carbonic anhydrase (CA) can be effectively purified with IgG-immobilized beads, and Fc-III-4C tag does not possess adverse effects on the structure and stability of CA. Furthermore, the Fc-III-4C tagged protein binds to multiple transition metal ions, which enhances activities of enzymes that use metal ions as co-factors. These results suggest that Fc-III-4C tag is a useful tool for expression and purification of recombinant proteins and enhances the activities of some fusion proteins that use Zn2+ or Cu2+ as cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Gong
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meiqi Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China; Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, The Biomedical Research Core Facility, Center for Research Equipment and Facilities, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
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6
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Design of carbonic anhydrase with improved thermostability for CO2 capture via molecular simulations. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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7
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Engineering of Thermovibrio ammonificans carbonic anhydrase mutants with increased thermostability. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Crystal structure and chemical inhibition of essential schistosome host-interactive virulence factor carbonic anhydrase SmCA. Commun Biol 2019; 2:333. [PMID: 31508507 PMCID: PMC6728359 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intravascular parasitic worm Schistosoma mansoni is a causative agent of schistosomiasis, a disease of great global public health significance. Here we identify an α-carbonic anhydrase (SmCA) that is expressed at the schistosome surface as determined by activity assays and immunofluorescence/immunogold localization. Suppressing SmCA expression by RNAi significantly impairs the ability of larval parasites to infect mice, validating SmCA as a rational drug target. Purified, recombinant SmCA possesses extremely rapid CO2 hydration kinetics (kcat: 1.2 × 106 s-1; kcat/Km: 1.3 × 108 M-1s-1). The enzyme’s crystal structure was determined at 1.75 Å resolution and a collection of sulfonamides and anions were tested for their ability to impede rSmCA action. Several compounds (phenylarsonic acid, phenylbaronic acid, sulfamide) exhibited favorable Kis for SmCA versus two human isoforms. Such selective rSmCA inhibitors could form the basis of urgently needed new drugs that block essential schistosome metabolism, blunt parasite virulence and debilitate these important global pathogens. Akram Da’dara et al. report the biochemical characterization of an α-carbonic anhydrase (SmCA) expressed at the surface of the parasitic worm Schistosoma mansoni. Along with the crystal structure of SmCA, they show the function of selective inhibitors in blocking essential schistosome metabolism.
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9
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Thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural parameterization of human carbonic anhydrase interactions toward enhanced inhibitor design. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 51:e10. [PMID: 30912486 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583518000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of rational drug design is to develop small molecules using a quantitative approach to optimize affinity. This should enhance the development of chemical compounds that would specifically, selectively, reversibly, and with high affinity interact with a target protein. It is not yet possible to develop such compounds using computational (i.e., in silico) approach and instead the lead molecules are discovered in high-throughput screening searches of large compound libraries. The main reason why in silico methods are not capable to deliver is our poor understanding of the compound structure-thermodynamics and structure-kinetics correlations. There is a need for databases of intrinsic binding parameters (e.g., the change upon binding in standard Gibbs energy (ΔGint), enthalpy (ΔHint), entropy (ΔSint), volume (ΔVintr), heat capacity (ΔCp,int), association rate (ka,int), and dissociation rate (kd,int)) between a series of closely related proteins and a chemically diverse, but pharmacophoric group-guided library of compounds together with the co-crystal structures that could help explain the structure-energetics correlations and rationally design novel compounds. Assembly of these data will facilitate attempts to provide correlations and train data for modeling of compound binding. Here, we report large datasets of the intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic data including over 400 primary sulfonamide compound binding to a family of 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrases (CA). Thermodynamic parameters have been determined by the fluorescent thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and by the stopped-flow assay of the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Kinetic measurements were performed using surface plasmon resonance. Intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding were determined by dissecting the binding-linked protonation reactions of the protein and sulfonamide. The compound structure-thermodynamics and kinetics correlations reported here helped to discover compounds that exhibited picomolar affinities, hour-long residence times, and million-fold selectivities over non-target CA isoforms. Drug-lead compounds are suggested for anticancer target CA IX and CA XII, antiglaucoma CA IV, antiobesity CA VA and CA VB, and other isoforms. Together with 85 X-ray crystallographic structures of 60 compounds bound to six CA isoforms, the database should be of help to continue developing the principles of rational target-based drug design.
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10
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Kim S, Sung J, Yeon J, Choi SH, Jin MS. Crystal Structure of a Highly Thermostable α-Carbonic Anhydrase from Persephonella marina EX-H1. Mol Cells 2019; 42:460-469. [PMID: 31250619 PMCID: PMC6602146 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial α-type carbonic anhydrase (α-CA) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible and extremely rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. In this study, we report the first crystal structure of a hyperthermostable α-CA from Persephonella marina EXH1 (pm CA) in the absence and presence of competitive inhibitor, acetazolamide. The structure reveals a compactly folded pm CA homodimer in which each monomer consists of a 10-stranded β-sheet in the center. The catalytic zinc ion is coordinated by three highly conserved histidine residues with an exchangeable fourth ligand (a water molecule, a bicarbonate anion, or the sulfonamide group of acetazolamide). Together with an intramolecular disulfide bond, extensive interfacial networks of hydrogen bonds, ionic and hydrophobic interactions stabilize the dimeric structure and are likely responsible for the high thermal stability. We also identified novel binding sites for calcium ions at the crystallographic interface, which serve as molecular glue linking negatively charged and otherwise repulsive surfaces. Furthermore, this large negatively charged patch appears to further increase the thermostability at alkaline pH range via favorable charge-charge interactions between pm CA and solvent molecules. These findings may assist development of novel α-CAs with improved thermal and/or alkaline stability for applications such as CO2 capture and sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
| | - Jongmin Sung
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
| | - Jungyoon Yeon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
| | - Seung Hun Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
| | - Mi Sun Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005,
Korea
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11
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Liu B, He L, Wang L, Li T, Li C, Liu H, Luo Y, Bao R. Protein Crystallography and Site‐Direct Mutagenesis Analysis of the Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Hydrolase PETase from
Ideonella sakaiensis. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1471-1475. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lihui He
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Tao Li
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Changcheng Li
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Huayi Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yunzi Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Rui Bao
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
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12
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Bharatiy S, Hazra M, Paul M, Mohapatra S, Samantaray D, Dubey R, Sanyal S, Datta S, Hazra S. In Silico Designing of an Industrially Sustainable Carbonic Anhydrase Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1081-1103. [PMID: 30023502 PMCID: PMC6044688 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a family of metalloenzymes that has the potential to sequestrate carbon dioxide (CO2) from the environment and reduce pollution. The goal of this study is to apply protein engineering to develop a modified CA enzyme that has both higher stability and activity and hence could be used for industrial purposes. In the current study, we have developed an in silico method to understand the molecular basis behind the stability of CA. We have performed comparative molecular dynamics simulation of two homologous α-CA, one of thermophilic origin (Sulfurihydrogenibium sp.) and its mesophilic counterpart (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), for 100 ns each at 300, 350, 400, and 500 K. Comparing the trajectories of two proteins using different stability-determining factors, we have designed a highly thermostable version of mesophilic α-CA by introducing three mutations (S44R, S139E, and K168R). The designed mutant α-CA maintains conformational stability at high temperatures. This study shows the potential to develop industrially stable variants of enzymes while maintaining high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin
Kumar Bharatiy
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mousumi Hazra
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri
University, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manish Paul
- Department
of Microbiology, Orissa University of Agriculture
and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Swati Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deviprasad Samantaray
- Department
of Microbiology, Orissa University of Agriculture
and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Ramesh
Chandra Dubey
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri
University, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shourjya Sanyal
- Complex
and Adaptive System Laboratory, School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Saurav Datta
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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13
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Mahon BP, Bhatt A, Socorro L, Driscoll JM, Okoh C, Lomelino CL, Mboge MY, Kurian JJ, Tu C, Agbandje-McKenna M, Frost SC, McKenna R. The Structure of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Is Adapted for Low-pH Catalysis. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4642-53. [PMID: 27439028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) expression in many cancers is associated with hypoxic tumors and poor patient outcome. Inhibitors of hCA IX have been used as anticancer agents with some entering Phase I clinical trials. hCA IX is transmembrane protein whose catalytic domain faces the extracellular tumor milieu, which is typically associated with an acidic microenvironment. Here, we show that the catalytic domain of hCA IX (hCA IX-c) exhibits the necessary biochemical and biophysical properties that allow for low pH stability and activity. Furthermore, the unfolding process of hCA IX-c appears to be reversible, and its catalytic efficiency is thought to be correlated directly with its stability between pH 3.0 and 8.0 but not above pH 8.0. To rationalize this, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of hCA IX-c to 1.6 Å resolution. Insights from this study suggest an understanding of hCA IX-c stability and activity in low-pH tumor microenvironments and may be applicable to determining pH-related effects on enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Avni Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Lilien Socorro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jenna M Driscoll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Cynthia Okoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Carrie L Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Mam Y Mboge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Justin J Kurian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Susan C Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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14
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Engineering de novo disulfide bond in bacterial α-type carbonic anhydrase for thermostable carbon sequestration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29322. [PMID: 27385052 PMCID: PMC4935852 DOI: 10.1038/srep29322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploiting carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme that rapidly catalyzes carbon dioxide hydration, is an attractive biomimetic route for carbon sequestration due to its environmental compatibility and potential economic viability. However, the industrial applications of CA are strongly hampered by the unstable nature of enzymes. In this work, we introduced in silico designed, de novo disulfide bond in a bacterial α-type CA to enhance thermostability. Three variants were selected and expressed in Escherichia coli with an additional disulfide bridge. One of the variants showed great enhancement in terms of both kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities. This improvement could be attributed to the loss of conformational entropy of the unfolded state, showing increased rigidity. The variant showed an upward-shifted optimal temperature and appeared to be thermoactivated, which compensated for the lowered activity at 25 °C. Collectively, the variant constructed by the rapid and effective de novo disulfide engineering can be used as an efficient biocatalyst for carbon sequestration under high temperature conditions.
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15
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Mahon BP, Bhatt A, Vullo D, Supuran CT, McKenna R. Exploration of anionic inhibition of the α-carbonic anhydrase from Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2 gammaproteobacterium: A potential bio-catalytic agent for industrial CO2 removal. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Arazawa DT, Kimmel JD, Finn MC, Federspiel WJ. Acidic sweep gas with carbonic anhydrase coated hollow fiber membranes synergistically accelerates CO2 removal from blood. Acta Biomater 2015; 25:143-9. [PMID: 26159104 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) is well established as a therapy for patients suffering from acute respiratory failure. Development of next generation low blood flow (<500 mL/min) ECCO2R devices necessitates more efficient gas exchange devices. Since over 90% of blood CO2 is transported as bicarbonate (HCO3(-)), we previously reported development of a carbonic anhydrase (CA) immobilized bioactive hollow fiber membrane (HFM) which significantly accelerates CO2 removal from blood in model gas exchange devices by converting bicarbonate to CO2 directly at the HFM surface. This present study tested the hypothesis that dilute sulfur dioxide (SO2) in oxygen sweep gas could further increase CO2 removal by creating an acidic microenvironment within the diffusional boundary layer adjacent to the HFM surface, facilitating dehydration of bicarbonate to CO2. CA was covalently immobilized onto poly (methyl pentene) (PMP) HFMs through glutaraldehyde activated chitosan spacers, potted in model gas exchange devices (0.0151 m(2)) and tested for CO2 removal rate with oxygen (O2) sweep gas and a 2.2% SO2 in oxygen sweep gas mixture. Using pure O2 sweep gas, CA-PMP increased CO2 removal by 31% (258 mL/min/m(2)) compared to PMP (197 mL/min/m(2)) (P<0.05). Using 2.2% SO2 acidic sweep gas increased PMP CO2 removal by 17% (230 mL/min/m(2)) compared to pure oxygen sweep gas control (P<0.05); device outlet blood pH was 7.38 units. When employing both CA-PMP and 2.2% SO2 sweep gas, CO2 removal increased by 109% (411 mL/min/m(2)) (P<0.05); device outlet blood pH was 7.35 units. Dilute acidic sweep gas increases CO2 removal, and when used in combination with bioactive CA-HFMs has a synergistic effect to more than double CO2 removal while maintaining physiologic pH. Through these technologies the next generation of intravascular and paracorporeal respiratory assist devices can remove more CO2 with smaller blood contacting surface areas. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A clinical need exists for more efficient respiratory assist devices which utilize low blood flow rates (<500 mL/min) to regulate blood CO2 in patients suffering from acute lung failure. Literature has demonstrated approaches to chemically increase hollow fiber membrane (HFM) CO2 removal efficiency by shifting equilibrium from bicarbonate to gaseous CO2, through either a bioactive carbonic anhydrase enzyme coating or bulk blood acidification with lactic acid. In this study we demonstrate a novel approach to local blood acidification using an acidified sweep gas in combination with a bioactive coating to more than double CO2 removal efficiency of HFM devices. To our knowledge, this is the first report assessing an acidic sweep gas to increase CO2 removal from blood using HFM devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Arazawa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J D Kimmel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M C Finn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - W J Federspiel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Zhang Z, Sohgawa M, Yamashita K, Noda M. A Micromechanical Cantilever-Based Liposome Biosensor for Characterization of Protein-Membrane Interaction. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Díaz-Torres NA, Mahon BP, Boone CD, Pinard MA, Tu C, Ng R, Agbandje-McKenna M, Silverman D, Scott K, McKenna R. Structural and biophysical characterization of the α-carbonic anhydrase from the gammaproteobacterium Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2: insights into engineering thermostable enzymes for CO2 sequestration. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2015; 71:1745-56. [PMID: 26249355 PMCID: PMC4528804 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715012183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic CO2 sequestration to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions from industrial processes is an active area of research. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are attractive enzymes for this process. However, the most active CAs display limited thermal and pH stability, making them less than ideal. As a result, there is an ongoing effort to engineer and/or find a thermostable CA to fulfill these needs. Here, the kinetic and thermal characterization is presented of an α-CA recently discovered in the mesophilic hydrothermal vent-isolate extremophile Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2 (TcruCA), which has a significantly higher thermostability compared with human CA II (melting temperature of 71.9°C versus 59.5°C, respectively) but with a tenfold decrease in the catalytic efficiency. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the dimeric TcruCA shows that it has a highly conserved yet compact structure compared with other α-CAs. In addition, TcruCA contains an intramolecular disulfide bond that stabilizes the enzyme. These features are thought to contribute significantly to the thermostability and pH stability of the enzyme and may be exploited to engineer α-CAs for applications in industrial CO2 sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Díaz-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian P. Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christopher D. Boone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Melissa A. Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David Silverman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kathleen Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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19
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Thermostable Carbonic Anhydrases in Biotechnological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15456-80. [PMID: 26184158 PMCID: PMC4519908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases are ubiquitous metallo-enzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in bicarbonate ions and protons. Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the utilization of these enzymes in CO2 capture and storage processes. However, since this use is greatly limited by the harsh conditions required in these processes, the employment of thermostable enzymes, both those isolated by thermophilic organisms and those obtained by protein engineering techniques, represents an interesting possibility. In this review we will provide an extensive description of the thermostable carbonic anhydrases so far reported and the main processes in which these enzymes have found an application.
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20
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Arazawa DT, Kimmel JD, Federspiel WJ. Kinetics of CO2 exchange with carbonic anhydrase immobilized on fiber membranes in artificial lungs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:193. [PMID: 26032115 PMCID: PMC5973791 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial lung devices comprised of hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) coated with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), accelerate removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from blood for the treatment of acute respiratory failure. While previous work demonstrated CA coatings increase HFM CO2 removal by 115 % in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), testing in blood revealed a 36 % increase compared to unmodified HFMs. In this work, we sought to characterize the CO2 mass transport processes within these biocatalytic devices which impede CA coating efficacy and develop approaches towards improving bioactive HFM efficiency. Aminated HFMs were sequentially reacted with glutaraldehyde (GA), chitosan, GA and afterwards incubated with a CA solution, covalently linking CA to the surface. Bioactive CA-HFMs were potted in model gas exchange devices (0.0119 m(2)) and tested for esterase activity and CO2 removal under various flow rates with PBS, whole blood, and solutions containing individual blood components (plasma albumin, red blood cells or free carbonic anhydrase). Results demonstrated that increasing the immobilized enzyme activity did not significantly impact CO2 removal rate, as the diffusional resistance from the liquid boundary layer is the primary impediment to CO2 transport by both unmodified and bioactive HFMs under clinically relevant conditions. Furthermore, endogenous CA within red blood cells competes with HFM immobilized CA to increase CO2 removal. Based on our findings, we propose a bicarbonate/CO2 disequilibrium hypothesis to describe performance of CA-modified devices in both buffer and blood. Improvement in CO2 removal rates using CA-modified devices in blood may be realized by maximizing bicarbonate/CO2 disequilibrium at the fiber surface via strategies such as blood acidification and active mixing within the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Arazawa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3025 East Carson Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
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21
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Seger ST, Breinholt J, Faber JH, Andersen MD, Wiberg C, Schjødt CB, Rand KD. Probing the Conformational and Functional Consequences of Disulfide Bond Engineering in Growth Hormone by Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Coupled to Electron Transfer Dissociation. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5973-80. [PMID: 25978680 DOI: 10.1021/ac504782v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human growth hormone (hGH), and its receptor interaction, is essential for cell growth. To stabilize a flexible loop between helices 3 and 4, while retaining affinity for the hGH receptor, we have engineered a new hGH variant (Q84C/Y143C). Here, we employ hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to map the impact of the new disulfide bond on the conformational dynamics of this new hGH variant. Compared to wild type hGH, the variant exhibits reduced loop dynamics, indicating a stabilizing effect of the introduced disulfide bond. Furthermore, the disulfide bond exhibits longer ranging effects, stabilizing a short α-helix quite distant from the mutation sites, but also rendering a part of the α-helical hGH core slightly more dynamic. In the regions where the hGH variant exhibits a different deuterium uptake than the wild type protein, electron transfer dissociation (ETD) fragmentation has been used to pinpoint the residues responsible for the observed differences (HDX-ETD). Finally, by use of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, we show that the new disulfide bond does not compromise receptor affinity. Our work highlight the analytical potential of HDX-ETD combined with functional assays to guide protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe T Seger
- †Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.,‡Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Jens Breinholt
- †Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Johan H Faber
- †Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Mette D Andersen
- †Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Wiberg
- †Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Christine B Schjødt
- †Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kasper D Rand
- ‡Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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22
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Boone CD, Rasi V, Tu C, McKenna R. Structural and catalytic effects of proline substitution and surface loop deletion in the extended active site of human carbonic anhydrase II. FEBS J 2015; 282:1445-57. [PMID: 25683338 PMCID: PMC4400229 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bioengineering of a thermophilic enzyme starting from a mesophilic scaffold has proven to be a significant challenge, as several stabilizing elements have been proposed to be the foundation of thermal stability, including disulfide bridges, surface loop reduction, ionic pair networks, proline substitutions and aromatic clusters. This study emphasizes the effect of increasing the rigidity of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II; EC 4.2.1.1) via incorporation of proline residues at positions 170 and 234, which are located in surface loops that are able to accommodate restrictive main-chain conformations without rearrangement of the surrounding peptide backbone. Additionally, the effect of the compactness of HCA II was examined by deletion of a surface loop (residues 230-240) that had been previously identified as a possible source of thermal stability for the hyperthermophilic carbonic anhydrase isolated from the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of these HCA II variants revealed that these structural modifications had a minimum effect on the thermal stability of the enzyme, while kinetic studies showed unexpected effects on the catalytic efficiency and proton transfer rates. X-ray crystallographic analysis of these HCA II variants showed that the electrostatic potential and configuration of the highly acidic loop (residues 230-240) play an important role in its high catalytic activity. Based on these observations and previous studies, a picture is emerging of the various components within the general structural architecture of HCA II that are key to stability. These elements may provide blueprints for rational thermal stability engineering of other enzymes. DATABASE Structural data have been submitted to the Protein Data Bank under accession numbers 4QK1 (K170P), 4QK2 (E234P) and 4QK3 (Δ230-240).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Boone
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Valerio Rasi
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA,Corresponding author. FAX (352) 392-3422;
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23
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Boone CD, Gill S, Tu C, Silverman DN, McKenna R. Structural, catalytic and stabilizing consequences of aromatic cluster variants in human carbonic anhydrase II. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 539:31-7. [PMID: 24036123 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of aromatic clusters has been found to be an integral feature of many proteins isolated from thermophilic microorganisms. Residues found in aromatic cluster interact via π-π or C-H⋯π bonds between the phenyl rings, which are among the weakest interactions involved in protein stability. The lone aromatic cluster in human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is centered on F226 with the surrounding aromatics F66, F95 and W97 located 12 Å posterior the active site; a location which could facilitate proper protein folding and active site construction. The role of F226 in the structure, catalytic activity and thermostability of HCA II was investigated via site-directed mutagenesis of three variants (F226I/L/W) into this position. The measured catalytic rates of the F226 variants via (18)O-mass spectrometry were identical to the native enzyme, but differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed a 3-4 K decrease in their denaturing temperature. X-ray crystallographic analysis suggests that the structural basis of this destabilization is via disruption and/or removal of weak C-H⋯π interactions between F226 to F66, F95 and W97. This study emphasizes the importance of the delicate arrangement of these weak interactions among aromatic clusters in overall protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Boone
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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Boone CD, Habibzadegan A, Gill S, McKenna R. Carbonic anhydrases and their biotechnological applications. Biomolecules 2013; 3:553-62. [PMID: 24970180 PMCID: PMC4030944 DOI: 10.3390/biom3030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are mostly zinc-containing metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of carbon dioxide/bicarbonate. The CAs have been extensively studied because of their broad physiological importance in all kingdoms of life and clinical relevance as drug targets. In particular, human CA isoform II (HCA II) has a catalytic efficiency of 108 M-1 s-1, approaching the diffusion limit. The high catalytic rate, relatively simple procedure of expression and purification, relative stability and extensive biophysical studies of HCA II has made it an exciting candidate to be incorporated into various biomedical applications such as artificial lungs, biosensors and CO2 sequestration systems, among others. This review highlights the current state of these applications, lists their advantages and limitations, and discusses their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Boone
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Andrew Habibzadegan
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Sonika Gill
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Robert McKenna
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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25
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Carbonic Anhydrase: An Efficient Enzyme with Possible Global Implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/813931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As the global atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases continue to grow to record-setting levels, so do the demands for an efficient and inexpensive carbon sequestration system. Concurrently, the first-world dependence on crude oil and natural gas provokes concerns for long-term availability and emphasizes the need for alternative fuel sources. At the forefront of both of these research areas are a family of enzymes known as the carbonic anhydrases (CAs), which reversibly catalyze the hydration of CO2into bicarbonate. CAs are among the fastest enzymes known, which have a maximum catalytic efficiency approaching the diffusion limit of 108 M−1s−1. As such, CAs are being utilized in various industrial and research settings to help lower CO2atmospheric emissions and promote biofuel production. This review will highlight some of the recent accomplishments in these areas along with a discussion on their current limitations.
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