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Hinterstein M, Lemos da Silva L, Knapp M, Schoekel A, Etter M, Studer A. In situ neutron diffraction for analysing complex coarse-grained functional materials. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1242-1251. [PMID: 37555212 PMCID: PMC10405584 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723005940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex functional materials play a crucial role in a broad range of energy-related applications and in general for materials science. Revealing the structural mechanisms is challenging due to highly correlated coexisting phases and microstructures, especially for in situ or operando investigations. Since the grain sizes influence the properties, these microstructural features further complicate investigations at synchrotrons due to the limitations of illuminated sample volumes. In this study, it is demonstrated that such complex functional materials with highly correlated coexisting phases can be investigated under in situ conditions with neutron diffraction. For large grain sizes, these experiments are valuable methods to reveal the structural mechanisms. For an example of in situ experiments on barium titanate with an applied electric field, details of the electric-field-induced phase transformation depending on grain size and frequency are revealed. The results uncover the strain mechanisms in barium titanate and elucidate the complex interplay of stresses in relation to grain sizes as well as domain-wall densities and mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hinterstein
- Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lucas Lemos da Silva
- Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Studer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia
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Seifert D, Li L, Lee KY, Hoffmann M, Sinclair D, Hinterstein M. Processing and properties of translucent bismuth sodium titanate ceramics. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schökel A, Etter M, Berghäuser A, Horst A, Lindackers D, Whittle TA, Schmid S, Acosta M, Knapp M, Ehrenberg H, Hinterstein M. Multi-analyser detector (MAD) for high-resolution and high-energy powder X-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:146-157. [PMID: 33399563 PMCID: PMC7842216 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520013223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For high-resolution powder diffraction in material science, high photon energies are necessary, especially for in situ and in operando experiments. For this purpose, a multi-analyser detector (MAD) was developed for the high-energy beamline P02.1 at PETRA III of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). In order to be able to adjust the detector for the high photon energies of 60 keV, an individually adjustable analyser-crystal setup was designed. The adjustment is performed via piezo stepper motors for each of the ten channels. The detector shows a low and flat background as well as a high signal-to-noise ratio. A range of standard materials were measured for characterizing the performance. Two exemplary experiments were performed to demonstrate the potential for sophisticated structural analysis with the MAD: (i) the structure of a complex material based on strontium niobate titanate and strontium niobate zirconate was determined and (ii) an in situ stroboscopy experiment with an applied electric field on a highly absorbing piezoceramic was performed. These experiments demonstrate the capabilities of the new MAD, which advances the frontiers of the structural characterization of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schökel
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Berghäuser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, FWKX@XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Horst
- Research Technology, IFW Dresden, PO Box 27 10 16, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindackers
- Research Technology, IFW Dresden, PO Box 27 10 16, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Whittle
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Siegbert Schmid
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Matias Acosta
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helmut Ehrenberg
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manuel Hinterstein
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhou Z, Yang D, Lee KY, Studer A, Hinterstein M, Wang K, Zhang X, Li L, Li JF. Practical high-performance lead-free piezoelectrics: structural flexibility beyond utilizing multiphase coexistence. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 7:355-365. [PMID: 34692051 PMCID: PMC8288886 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to growing concern for the environment and human health, searching for high-performance lead-free piezoceramics has been a hot topic of scientific and industrial research. Despite the significant progress achieved toward enhancing piezoelectricity, further efforts should be devoted to the synergistic improvement of piezoelectricity and its thermal stability. This study provides new insight into these topics. A new KNN-based lead-free ceramic material is presented, which features a large piezoelectric coefficient (d33) exceeding 500 pC/N and a high Curie temperature (Tc) of ∼200°C. The superior piezoelectric response strongly relies on the increased composition-induced structural flexibility due to lattice softening and decreased unit cell distortion. In contrast to piezoelectricity anomalies induced via polymorphic transition, this piezoelectricity enhancement is effective within a broad temperature range rather than a specific small range. In particular, a hierarchical domain architecture composed of nano-sized domains along the submicron domains was detected in this material system, which further contributes to the high piezoelectricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai-Yang Lee
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Andrew Studer
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Manuel Hinterstein
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Longtu Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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