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Liu Y, Tian F, Zhou P, Zhu H, Zhong J, Chen M, Li X, Huang Y, Ma J, Bian F. A novel in situ sample environment setup for combined small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) simultaneous measurement. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:033103. [PMID: 37012802 DOI: 10.1063/5.0128211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing the synchrotron radiation experiment method based on combined technology offers more information on the formation mechanism of new materials and their physical and chemical properties. In this study, a new small-angle x-ray scattering/ wide-angle x-ray scattering/ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (SAXS/WAXS/FTIR) combined setup was established. Using this combined SAXS/WAXS/FTIR setup, x-ray and FTIR signals can be obtained simultaneously from the same sample. The in situ sample cell was designed to couple two FTIR optical paths for the attenuated total reflection and transmission modes, which greatly saved the time of adjusting and aligning the external infrared light path when switching between the two modes with good accuracy. A transistor-transistor logic circuit was used to trigger the synchronous acquisition from the IR and x-ray detectors. A special sample stage is designed, allowing access by the IR and x-ray with temperature and pressure control. The newly developed, combined setup can be used to observe the evolution of the microstructure during the synthesis of composite materials in real-time at both the atomic and molecular levels. The crystallization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) at different temperatures was observed. The time-dependent experimental data demonstrated the success of the in situ SAXS, WAXS, and FTIR study of the structural evolution, which is feasible to track the dynamic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Huachun Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiajia Zhong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuying Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Fenggang Bian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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2
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Huck V, Chen PC, Xu ER, Tischer A, Klemm U, Aponte-Santamaría C, Mess C, Obser T, Kutzki F, König G, Denis CV, Gräter F, Wilmanns M, Auton M, Schneider SW, Schneppenheim R, Hennig J, Brehm MA. Gain-of-Function Variant p.Pro2555Arg of von Willebrand Factor Increases Aggregate Size through Altering Stem Dynamics. Thromb Haemost 2020; 122:226-239. [PMID: 33385180 PMCID: PMC8828397 DOI: 10.1055/a-1344-4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The multimeric plasma glycoprotein (GP) von Willebrand factor (VWF) is best known for recruiting platelets to sites of injury during primary hemostasis. Generally, mutations in the VWF gene lead to loss of hemostatic activity and thus the bleeding disorder von Willebrand disease. By employing cone and platelet aggregometry and microfluidic assays, we uncovered a platelet GPIIb/IIIa-dependent prothrombotic gain of function (GOF) for variant p.Pro2555Arg, located in the C4 domain, leading to an increase in platelet aggregate size. We performed complementary biophysical and structural investigations using circular dichroism spectra, small-angle X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations on the single C4 domain, and dimeric wild-type and p.Pro2555Arg constructs. C4-p.Pro2555Arg retained the overall structural conformation with minor populations of alternative conformations exhibiting increased hinge flexibility and slow conformational exchange. The dimeric protein becomes disordered and more flexible. Our data suggest that the GOF does not affect the binding affinity of the C4 domain for GPIIb/IIIa. Instead, the increased VWF dimer flexibility enhances temporal accessibility of platelet-binding sites. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we revealed that p.Pro2555Arg is the first VWF variant, which increases platelet aggregate size and shows a shear-dependent function of the VWF stem region, which can become hyperactive through mutations. Prothrombotic GOF variants of VWF are a novel concept of a VWF-associated pathomechanism of thromboembolic events, which is of general interest to vascular health but not yet considered in diagnostics. Thus, awareness should be raised for the risk they pose. Furthermore, our data implicate the C4 domain as a novel antithrombotic drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Huck
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Po-Chia Chen
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emma-Ruoqi Xu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Tischer
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Ulrike Klemm
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Mess
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Kutzki
- Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gesa König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cécile V Denis
- Laboratory of Hemostasis, Inflammation and Thrombosis, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_1176, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Auton
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria A Brehm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Schroer MA, Blanchet CE, Gruzinov AY, Gräwert MA, Brennich ME, Hajizadeh NR, Jeffries CM, Svergun DI. Smaller capillaries improve the small-angle X-ray scattering signal and sample consumption for biomacromolecular solutions. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1113-1122. [PMID: 29979172 PMCID: PMC6038601 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518007907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiation damage by intense X-ray beams at modern synchrotron facilities is one of the major complications for biological small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) investigations of macromolecules in solution. To limit the damage, samples are typically measured under a laminar flow through a cell (typically a capillary) such that fresh solution is continuously exposed to the beam during measurement. The diameter of the capillary that optimizes the scattering-to-absorption ratio at a given X-ray wavelength can be calculated a priori based on fundamental physical properties. However, these well established scattering and absorption principles do not take into account the radiation susceptibility of the sample or the often very limited amounts of precious biological material available for an experiment. Here it is shown that, for biological solution SAXS, capillaries with smaller diameters than those calculated from simple scattering/absorption criteria allow for a better utilization of the available volumes of radiation-sensitive samples. This is demonstrated by comparing two capillary diameters di (di = 1.7 mm, close to optimal for 10 keV; and di = 0.9 mm, which is nominally sub-optimal) applied to study different protein solutions at various flow rates. The use of the smaller capillaries ultimately allows one to collect higher-quality SAXS data from the limited amounts of purified biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clement E. Blanchet
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Yu. Gruzinov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melissa A. Gräwert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martha E. Brennich
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Nelly R. Hajizadeh
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cy M. Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Duerkop M, Berger E, Dürauer A, Jungbauer A. Impact of Cavitation, High Shear Stress and Air/Liquid Interfaces on Protein Aggregation. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800062. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Duerkop
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Eva Berger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Astrid Dürauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; 1190 Vienna Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; 1190 Vienna Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
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5
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Recent developments in small-angle X-ray scattering and hybrid method approaches for biomacromolecular solutions. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:69-79. [PMID: 33525782 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has become a streamline method to characterize biological macromolecules, from small peptides to supramolecular complexes, in near-native solutions. Modern SAXS requires limited amounts of purified material, without the need for labelling, crystallization, or freezing. Dedicated beamlines at modern synchrotron sources yield high-quality data within or below several milliseconds of exposure time and are highly automated, allowing for rapid structural screening under different solutions and ambient conditions but also for time-resolved studies of biological processes. The advanced data analysis methods allow one to meaningfully interpret the scattering data from monodisperse systems, from transient complexes as well as flexible and heterogeneous systems in terms of structural models. Especially powerful are hybrid approaches utilizing SAXS with high-resolution structural techniques, but also with biochemical, biophysical, and computational methods. Here, we review the recent developments in the experimental SAXS practice and in analysis methods with a specific focus on the joint use of SAXS with complementary methods.
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6
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Duerkop M, Berger E, Dürauer A, Jungbauer A. Influence of cavitation and high shear stress on HSA aggregation behavior. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:169-178. [PMID: 29610567 PMCID: PMC5873263 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neither the influence of high shear rates nor the impact of cavitation on protein aggregation is fully understood. The effect of cavitation bubble collapse‐derived hydroxyl radicals on the aggregation behavior of human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated. Radicals were generated by pumping through a micro‐orifice, ultra‐sonication, or chemically by Fenton's reaction. The amount of radicals produced by the two mechanical methods (0.12 and 11.25 nmol/(L min)) was not enough to change the protein integrity. In contrast, Fenton's reaction resulted in 382 nmol/(L min) of radicals, inducing protein aggregation. However, the micro‐orifice promoted the formation of soluble dimeric HSA aggregates. A validated computational fluid dynamic model of the orifice revealed a maximum and average shear rate on the order of 108 s−1 and 1.2 × 106 s−1, respectively. Although these values are among the highest ever reported in the literature, dimer formation did not occur when we used the same flow rate but suppressed cavitation. Therefore, aggregation is most likely caused by the increased surface area due to cavitation‐mediated bubble growth, not by hydroxyl radical release or shear stress as often reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Duerkop
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyContinuous Integrated ManufacturingViennaAustria
| | - Eva Berger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyContinuous Integrated ManufacturingViennaAustria
| | - Astrid Dürauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyContinuous Integrated ManufacturingViennaAustria
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesDepartment of BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyContinuous Integrated ManufacturingViennaAustria
- University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesDepartment of BiotechnologyViennaAustria
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7
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Lehmkühler F, Steinke I, Schroer MA, Fischer B, Sprung M, Grübel G. Microsecond Structural Rheology. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3581-3585. [PMID: 28719219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the local structure of complex liquids and their response to shear is generally not well understood. This concerns, in particular, the formation of particle strings in the flow direction or hydroclusters, both important for the understanding of shear thinning and thickening phenomena. Here, we present results of a microfocus X-ray scattering experiment on spherical silica colloids in a liquid jet at high shear rates. Along and across the jet, we observe direction-dependent modifications of the structure factor of the suspension, suggesting the formation of differently ordered clusters in compression lines and as particle strings. With increasing distance from the orifice, the structure relaxes to the unsheared case with a typical relaxation 10 times larger as the time scale of Brownian motion. These results provide the first experimental flow characterization of a complex fluid at high shear rates detecting cluster formation and relaxation with micrometer and microsecond resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Steinke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Wieland DCF, Zander T, Garamus VM, Krywka C, Dedinaite A, Claesson P, Willumeit-Römer R. Complex solutions under shear and pressure: a rheometer setup for X-ray scattering experiments. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:646-652. [PMID: 28452756 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517002648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A newly developed high-pressure rheometer for in situ X-ray scattering experiments is described. A commercial rheometer was modified in such a way that X-ray scattering experiments can be performed under different pressures and shear. First experiments were carried out on hyaluronan, a ubiquitous biopolymer that is important for different functions in the body such as articular joint lubrication. The data hint at a decreased electrostatic interaction at higher pressure, presumably due to the increase of the dielectric constant of water by 3% and the decrease of the free volume at 300 bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C F Wieland
- Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - T Zander
- Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - V M Garamus
- Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - C Krywka
- Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - A Dedinaite
- Department of Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - P Claesson
- Department of Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - R Willumeit-Römer
- Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
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Aime S, Ramos L, Fromental JM, Prévot G, Jelinek R, Cipelletti L. A stress-controlled shear cell for small-angle light scattering and microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:123907. [PMID: 28040951 DOI: 10.1063/1.4972253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We develop and test a stress-controlled, parallel plates shear cell that can be coupled to an optical microscope or a small angle light scattering setup, for simultaneous investigation of the rheological response and the microscopic structure of soft materials under an imposed shear stress. In order to minimize friction, the cell is based on an air bearing linear stage, the stress is applied through a contactless magnetic actuator, and the strain is measured through optical sensors. We discuss the contributions of inertia and of the small residual friction to the measured signal and demonstrate the performance of our device in both oscillating and step stress experiments on a variety of viscoelastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aime
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - L Ramos
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J M Fromental
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G Prévot
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - R Jelinek
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - L Cipelletti
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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