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Stahl P, Kollenda S, Sager J, Schmidt L, Schroer MA, Stauber RH, Epple M, Knauer SK. Tuning Nanobodies' Bioactivity: Coupling to Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles Allows the Intracellular Interference with Survivin. Small 2023; 19:e2300871. [PMID: 37035950 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies are highly affine binders, often used to track disease-relevant proteins inside cells. However, they often fail to interfere with pathobiological functions, required for their clinical exploitation. Here, a nanobody targeting the disease-relevant apoptosis inhibitor and mitosis regulator Survivin (SuN) is utilized. Survivin's multifaceted functions are regulated by an interplay of dynamic cellular localization, dimerization, and protein-protein interactions. However, as Survivin harbors no classical "druggable" binding pocket, one must aim at blocking extended protein surface areas. Comprehensive experimental evidence demonstrates that intracellular expression of SuN allows to track Survivin at low nanomolar concentrations but failed to inhibit its biological functions. Small angle X-ray scattering of the Survivin-SuN complex locates the proposed interaction interface between the C-terminus and the globular domain, as such not blocking any pivotal interaction. By clicking multiple SuN to ultrasmall (2 nm) gold nanoparticles (SuN-N), not only intracellular uptake is enabled, but additionally, Survivin crosslinking and interference with mitotic progression in living cells are also enabled. In sum, it is demonstrated that coupling of nanobodies to nanosized scaffolds can be universally applicable to improve their function and therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stahl
- Molecular Biology II, Department of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kollenda
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Sager
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Molecular Biology II, Department of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Nanoparticle Process Technology, Department of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Medical Center Mainz (UMM), Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) and Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Molecular Biology II, Department of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
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2
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Wilhelmy C, Keil IS, Uebbing L, Schroer MA, Franke D, Nawroth T, Barz M, Sahin U, Haas H, Diken M, Langguth P. Polysarcosine-Functionalized mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Tailored for Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2068. [PMID: 37631282 PMCID: PMC10458461 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained great attention as carriers for mRNA-based therapeutics, finding applications in various indications, extending beyond their recent use in vaccines for infectious diseases. However, many aspects of LNP structure and their effects on efficacy are not well characterized. To further exploit the potential of mRNA therapeutics, better control of the relationship between LNP formulation composition with internal structure and transfection efficiency in vitro is necessary. We compared two well-established ionizable lipids, namely DODMA and MC3, in combination with two helper lipids, DOPE and DOPC, and two polymer-grafted lipids, either with polysarcosine (pSar) or polyethylene glycol (PEG). In addition to standard physicochemical characterization (size, zeta potential, RNA accessibility), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to analyze the structure of the LNPs. To assess biological activity, we performed transfection and cell-binding assays in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) using Thy1.1 reporter mRNA and Cy5-labeled mRNA, respectively. With the SAXS measurements, we were able to clearly reveal the effects of substituting the ionizable and helper lipid on the internal structure of the LNPs. In contrast, pSar as stealth moieties affected the LNPs in a different manner, by changing the surface morphology towards higher roughness. pSar LNPs were generally more active, where the highest transfection efficiency was achieved with the LNP formulation composition of MC3/DOPE/pSar. Our study highlights the utility of pSar for improved mRNA LNP products and the importance of pSar as a novel stealth moiety enhancing efficiency in future LNP formulation development. SAXS can provide valuable information for the rational development of such novel formulations by elucidating structural features in different LNP compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wilhelmy
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.)
| | - Isabell Sofia Keil
- TRON—Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Lukas Uebbing
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.)
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Nanoparticle Process Technology (NPPT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Franke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- BIOSAXS GmbH, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Nawroth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.)
| | - Matthias Barz
- LACDR—Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Haas
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.)
- BioNTech SE, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON—Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.)
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3
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Czerny TE, Shen Q, Konieczny J, Schroer MA, Winterer M, Muckel F. Efficient Narrowband Photoconductivity of the Excitonic Resonance in Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites Due to Exciton Polarons. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4850-4857. [PMID: 37195238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Filter-less, wavelength-selective photodetectors made of perovskite usually rely on the charge collection narrowing mechanism, which intrinsically limits the response times. Using the narrow excitonic peak of, e.g., two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites as direct absorbers to realize color-selective photodetectivity promises faster responses. However, one major challenge in realizing such devices remains the separation and charge carrier extraction of the tightly bound excitons. Here, we report on filter-less color-selective photoconductivity in 2D perovskite butylammonium lead iodide thin film devices, exhibiting a distinct resonance in the photocurrent spectrum with a full width at half-maximum of 16.5 nm that correlates to the excitonic absorption. Our devices exhibit unexpectedly efficient charge carrier separation with an external quantum efficiency of ≤8.9% at the excitonic resonance, which we trace back to the involvement of exciton polarons. Our photodetector achieves response times of 150 μs and a maximum specific detectivity of 2.5 × 1010 Jones at the excitonic peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara E Czerny
- Electroenergetic Functional Materials (EEFM) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Qian Shen
- Electroenergetic Functional Materials (EEFM) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Jochen Konieczny
- Electroenergetic Functional Materials (EEFM) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Nanoparticle Process Technology (NPPT), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Markus Winterer
- Nanoparticle Process Technology (NPPT), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Franziska Muckel
- Electroenergetic Functional Materials (EEFM) and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg 47057, Germany
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4
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Schroer MA, Levish A, Yildizlar Y, Stepponat M, Winterer M. A versatile chemical vapor synthesis reactor for in situ x-ray scattering and spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113706. [PMID: 36461417 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe a versatile reactor system for chemical vapor synthesis of nanoparticles, which enables in situ investigations of high temperature gas phase particle formation and transformation processes by x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The system employs an inductively heated hot wall reactor as the energy source to start nanoparticle formation from a mixture of precursor vapor and oxygen. By use of a modular set of susceptor segments, it is especially possible to change solely the residence time of the gas mixture while keeping all other process parameters (temperature, gas flow, pressure) constant. Corresponding time-temperature profiles are supported by computational fluid dynamics simulations. The operation of the system is demonstrated for two example studies: tin oxide nanoparticle formation studied by small angle x-ray scattering and iron oxide nanoparticle formation by x-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Schroer
- Nanoparticle Process Technology (NPPT), Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Levish
- Nanoparticle Process Technology (NPPT), Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Yasin Yildizlar
- Nanoparticle Process Technology (NPPT), Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stepponat
- Nanoparticle Process Technology (NPPT), Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Markus Winterer
- Nanoparticle Process Technology (NPPT), Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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5
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Sahle CJ, de Clermont Gallerande E, Niskanen J, Longo A, Elbers M, Schroer MA, Sternemann C, Jahn S. Hydration in aqueous NaCl. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16075-16084. [PMID: 35735165 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic details about the hydration of ions in aqueous solutions are still debated due to the disordered and statistical nature of the hydration process. However, many processes from biology, physical chemistry to materials sciences rely on the complex interplay between solute and solvent. Oxygen K-edge X-ray excitation spectra provide a sensitive probe of the local atomic and electronic surrounding of the excited sites. We used ab initio molecular dynamics simulations together with extensive spectrum calculations to relate the features found in experimental oxygen K-edge spectra of a concentration series of aqueous NaCl with the induced structural changes upon solvation of the salt and distill the spectral fingerprints of the first hydration shells around the Na+- and Cl--ions. By this combined experimental and theoretical approach, we find the strongest spectral changes to indeed result from the first hydration shells of both ions and relate the observed shift of spectral weight from the post- to the main-edge to the origin of the post-edge as a shape resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Sahle
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, FR-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | | | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Alessandro Longo
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, FR-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Mirko Elbers
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Nanoparticle Process Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandro Jahn
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, D-50674 Köln, Germany
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6
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Kang JJ, Sachse C, Ko CH, Schroer MA, Vela SD, Molodenskiy D, Kohlbrecher J, Bushuev NV, Gumerov RA, Potemkin II, Jordan R, Papadakis CM. Rigid-to-Flexible Transition in a Molecular Brush in a Good Solvent at a Semidilute Concentration. Langmuir 2022; 38:5226-5236. [PMID: 35166545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The structures of a molecular brush in a good solvent are investigated using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering in a wide range of concentrations. The brush under study, PiPOx239-g-PnPrOx14, features a relatively long poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx) backbone and short poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPrOx) side chains. As a solvent, ethanol is used. By model fitting, the overall size and the persistence length as well as the interaction length and interaction strength are determined. At this, the interplay between form and structure factor is taken into account. The conformation of the molecular brush is traced upon increasing the solution concentration, and a rigid-to-flexible transition is found near the overlap concentration. Finally, the results of computer simulations of the molecular brush solutions confirm the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jhen Kang
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Clemens Sachse
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chia-Hsin Ko
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Da Vela
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Molodenskiy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Kohlbrecher
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstr. 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nikita V Bushuev
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Rustam A Gumerov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Lacková V, Schroer MA, Honecker D, Hähsler M, Vargová H, Zakutanská K, Behrens S, Kováč J, Svergun DI, Kopčanský P, Tomašovičová N. Clustering in ferronematics-The effect of magnetic collective ordering. iScience 2021; 24:103493. [PMID: 34927029 PMCID: PMC8649803 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering of magnetic nanoparticles can dramatically change their collective magnetic properties, and it consequently may influence their performance in biomedical and technological applications. Owing to tailored surface modification of magnetic particles such composites represent stable systems. Here, we report ferronematic mixtures that contain anisotropic clusters of mesogen-hybridized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in liquid crystal host studied by different experimental methods-magnetization measurements, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and capacitance measurements. These measurements reveal non-monotonic dependencies of magnetization curves and the Fréedericksz transition on the magnetic nanoparticles concentration. This can be explained by the formation of clusters, whose structures were determined by SAXS measurements. Complementary to the magnetization measurements, SANS measurements of the samples were performed for different magnetic field strengths to obtain information on the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. We demonstrated that such hybrid materials offer new avenues for tunable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lacková
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Nanoparticle Process Technology University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Honecker
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Hähsler
- Institut für Katalyseforschung und -technologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hana Vargová
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Zakutanská
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institut für Katalyseforschung und -technologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jozef Kováč
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kopčanský
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Natália Tomašovičová
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
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Schroer MA, Schewa S, Gruzinov AY, Rönnau C, Lahey-Rudolph JM, Blanchet CE, Zickmantel T, Song YH, Svergun DI, Roessle M. Probing the existence of non-thermal Terahertz radiation induced changes of the protein solution structure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22311. [PMID: 34785744 PMCID: PMC8595702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades discussions were taking place on the existence of global, non-thermal structural changes in biological macromolecules induced by Terahertz (THz) radiation. Despite numerous studies, a clear experimental proof of this effect for biological particles in solution is still missing. We developed a setup combining THz-irradiation with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), which is a sensitive method for detecting the expected structural changes. We investigated in detail protein systems with different shape morphologies (bovine serum albumin, microtubules), which have been proposed to be susceptible to THz-radiation, under variable parameters (THz wavelength, THz power densities up to 6.8 mW/cm2, protein concentrations). None of the studied systems and conditions revealed structural changes detectable by SAXS suggesting that the expected non-thermal THz-induced effects do not lead to alterations of the overall structures, which are revealed by scattering from dissolved macromolecules. This leaves us with the conclusion that, if such effects are present, these are either local or outside of the spectrum and power range covered by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Schroer
- grid.475756.20000 0004 0444 5410European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation C/O DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Present Address: Nanoparticle Process Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Siawosch Schewa
- University of Applied Sciences Luebeck, Moenkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Andrey Yu. Gruzinov
- grid.475756.20000 0004 0444 5410European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation C/O DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Rönnau
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute of Physics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Clement E. Blanchet
- grid.475756.20000 0004 0444 5410European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation C/O DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Zickmantel
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute of Physics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Young-Hwa Song
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute of Physics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- grid.475756.20000 0004 0444 5410European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation C/O DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Roessle
- University of Applied Sciences Luebeck, Moenkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
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9
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Ko CH, Henschel C, Meledam GP, Schroer MA, Guo R, Gaetani L, Müller-Buschbaum P, Laschewsky A, Papadakis CM. Co-Nonsolvency Effect in Solutions of Poly(methyl methacrylate)- b-poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Diblock Copolymers in Water/Methanol Mixtures. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Ko
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Cristiane Henschel
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Geethu P. Meledam
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renjun Guo
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Luka Gaetani
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Golm, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Safarik I, Prochazkova J, Schroer MA, Garamus VM, Kopcansky P, Timko M, Rajnak M, Karpets M, Ivankov OI, Avdeev MV, Petrenko VI, Bulavin L, Pospiskova K. Cotton Textile/Iron Oxide Nanozyme Composites with Peroxidase-like Activity: Preparation, Characterization, and Application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:23627-23637. [PMID: 33988970 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At present, both native and immobilized nanoparticles are of great importance in many areas of science and technology. In this paper, we have studied magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their aggregates bound on woven cotton textiles employing two simple modification procedures. One modification was based on the treatment of textiles with perchloric-acid-stabilized magnetic fluid diluted with methanol followed by drying. The second procedure was based on the microwave-assisted conversion of ferrous sulfate at high pH followed by drying. The structure and functional properties of these modified textiles were analyzed in detail. Scanning electron microscopy of native and modified textiles clearly showed the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the modified cotton fibers. All of the modified textile materials exhibited light to dark brown color depending on the amount of the bound iron oxide particles. Magnetic measurements showed that the saturation magnetization values reflect the amount of magnetic nanoparticles present in the modified textiles. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering measurements were conducted for the detailed structural characterization at the nanoscale of both the native and magnetically modified textiles, and different structural organization of nanoparticles in the two kinds of textile samples were concluded. The textile-bound iron oxide particles exhibited peroxidase-like activity when the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate salt was used as a substrate; this nanozyme activity enabled rapid decolorization of crystal violet in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The deposition of a sufficient amount of iron oxide particles on textiles enabled their simple magnetic separation from large volumes of solutions; if necessary, the magnetic response of the modified textiles can be simply increased by incorporation of a piece of magnetic iron wire. The simplicity of the immobilized nanozyme preparation and the low cost of all the precursors enable its widespread application, such as decolorization and degradation of selected organic dyes and other important pollutants. Other types of textile-bound nanozymes can be prepared and used as low-cost catalysts for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Safarik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jitka Prochazkova
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vasil M Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Peter Kopcansky
- Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Milan Timko
- Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Rajnak
- Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Maksym Karpets
- Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Mikhail V Avdeev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Viktor I Petrenko
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leonid Bulavin
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrs'ka Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Kristyna Pospiskova
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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11
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Lizarrondo J, Klebl DP, Niebling S, Abella M, Schroer MA, Mertens HDT, Veith K, Thuenauer R, Svergun DI, Skruzny M, Sobott F, Muench SP, Garcia-Alai MM. Structure of the endocytic adaptor complex reveals the basis for efficient membrane anchoring during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2889. [PMID: 34001871 PMCID: PMC8129110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a complex and dynamic network of protein-membrane interactions cooperate to achieve membrane invagination. Throughout this process in yeast, endocytic coat adaptors, Sla2 and Ent1, must remain attached to the plasma membrane to transmit force from the actin cytoskeleton required for successful membrane invagination. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of a 16-mer complex of the ANTH and ENTH membrane-binding domains from Sla2 and Ent1 bound to PIP2 that constitutes the anchor to the plasma membrane. Detailed in vitro and in vivo mutagenesis of the complex interfaces delineate the key interactions for complex formation and deficient cell growth phenotypes demonstrate its biological relevance. A hetero-tetrameric unit binds PIP2 molecules at the ANTH-ENTH interfaces and can form larger assemblies to contribute to membrane remodeling. Finally, a time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering study of the interaction of these adaptor domains in vitro suggests that ANTH and ENTH domains have evolved to achieve a fast subsecond timescale assembly in the presence of PIP2 and do not require further proteins to form a stable complex. Together, these findings provide a molecular understanding of an essential piece in the molecular puzzle of clathrin-coated endocytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Lizarrondo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David P Klebl
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephan Niebling
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Abella
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haydyn D T Mertens
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Veith
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Thuenauer
- Technology Platform Microscopy and Image Analysis, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michal Skruzny
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Sobott
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular and Analytical Mass Spectrometry group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Maria M Garcia-Alai
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany. .,Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Gruzinov AY, Schroer MA, Manalastas-Cantos K, Kikhney AG, Hajizadeh NR, Schulz F, Franke D, Svergun DI, Blanchet CE. Anomalous SAXS at P12 beamline EMBL Hamburg: instrumentation and applications. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:812-823. [PMID: 33949989 PMCID: PMC8127372 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521003404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an established method for studying nanostructured systems and in particular biological macromolecules in solution. To obtain element-specific information about the sample, anomalous SAXS (ASAXS) exploits changes of the scattering properties of selected atoms when the energy of the incident X-rays is close to the binding energy of their electrons. While ASAXS is widely applied to condensed matter and inorganic systems, its use for biological macromolecules is challenging because of the weak anomalous effect. Biological objects are often only available in small quantities and are prone to radiation damage, which makes biological ASAXS measurements very challenging. The BioSAXS beamline P12 operated by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) at the PETRA III storage ring (DESY, Hamburg) is dedicated to studies of weakly scattering objects. Here, recent developments at P12 allowing for ASAXS measurements are presented. The beamline control, data acquisition and data reduction pipeline of the beamline were adapted to conduct ASAXS experiments. Modelling tools were developed to compute ASAXS patterns from atomic models, which can be used to analyze the data and to help designing appropriate data collection strategies. These developments are illustrated with ASAXS experiments on different model systems performed at the P12 beamline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu. Gruzinov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karen Manalastas-Cantos
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Data and Computing in Natural Science, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexey G. Kikhney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nelly R. Hajizadeh
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Novartis, Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse 2, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Franke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clement E. Blanchet
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Ko CH, Henschel C, Meledam GP, Schroer MA, Müller-Buschbaum P, Laschewsky A, Papadakis CM. Self-Assembled Micelles from Thermoresponsive Poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Diblock Copolymers in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Ko
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Cristiane Henschel
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Geethu P. Meledam
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Physik-Department, Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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14
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Uebbing L, Ziller A, Siewert C, Schroer MA, Blanchet CE, Svergun DI, Ramishetti S, Peer D, Sahin U, Haas H, Langguth P. Investigation of pH-Responsiveness inside Lipid Nanoparticles for Parenteral mRNA Application Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Langmuir 2020; 36:13331-13341. [PMID: 33108188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based nanomedicines have shown to be a promising new lead in a broad field of potential applications such as tumor immunotherapy. Of these nanomedicines, lipid-based mRNA nanoparticles comprising ionizable lipids are gaining increasing attention as versatile technologies for fine-tuning toward a given application, with proven potential for successful development up to clinical practice. Still, several hurdles have to be overcome to obtain a drug product that shows adequate mRNA delivery and clinical efficacy. In this study, pH-induced changes in internal molecular organization and overall physicochemical characteristics of lipoplexes comprising ionizable lipids were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering and supplementary techniques. These changes were determined for different types of ionizable lipids, present at various molar fractions and N/P ratios inside the phospholipid membranes. The investigated systems showed a lamellar organization, allowing an accurate determination of pH-dependent structural changes. The differences in the pH responsiveness of the systems comprising different ionizable lipids and mRNA fractions could be clearly revealed from their structural evolution. Measurements of the degree of ionization and pH-dependent mRNA loading into the systems by fluorescence assays supported the findings from the structural investigation. Our approach allows for direct in situ determination of the structural response of the lipoplex systems to changes of the environmental pH similar to that observed for endosomal uptake. These data therefore provide valuable complementary information for understanding and fine-tuning of tailored mRNA delivery systems toward improved cellular uptake and endosomal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Uebbing
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antje Ziller
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Siewert
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clement E Blanchet
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Haas
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Custódio TF, Das H, Sheward DJ, Hanke L, Pazicky S, Pieprzyk J, Sorgenfrei M, Schroer MA, Gruzinov AY, Jeffries CM, Graewert MA, Svergun DI, Dobrev N, Remans K, Seeger MA, McInerney GM, Murrell B, Hällberg BM, Löw C. Selection, biophysical and structural analysis of synthetic nanobodies that effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5588. [PMID: 33149112 PMCID: PMC7642358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic neutralizing antibodies constitute a key short-to-medium term approach to tackle COVID-19. However, traditional antibody production is hampered by long development times and costly production. Here, we report the rapid isolation and characterization of nanobodies from a synthetic library, known as sybodies (Sb), that target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Several binders with low nanomolar affinities and efficient neutralization activity were identified of which Sb23 displayed high affinity and neutralized pseudovirus with an IC50 of 0.6 µg/ml. A cryo-EM structure of the spike bound to Sb23 showed that Sb23 binds competitively in the ACE2 binding site. Furthermore, the cryo-EM reconstruction revealed an unusual conformation of the spike where two RBDs are in the 'up' ACE2-binding conformation. The combined approach represents an alternative, fast workflow to select binders with neutralizing activity against newly emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia F Custódio
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), DESY and European Molecular Biology Laboratory Hamburg, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hrishikesh Das
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) and Karolinska Institutet VR-RÅC, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Sheward
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Division of Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leo Hanke
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Samuel Pazicky
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), DESY and European Molecular Biology Laboratory Hamburg, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Pieprzyk
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), DESY and European Molecular Biology Laboratory Hamburg, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michèle Sorgenfrei
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Yu Gruzinov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cy M Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melissa A Graewert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolay Dobrev
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg, Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kim Remans
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Heidelberg, Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A Seeger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald M McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Ben Murrell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
| | - B Martin Hällberg
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) and Karolinska Institutet VR-RÅC, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christian Löw
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), DESY and European Molecular Biology Laboratory Hamburg, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.
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16
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Lehmkühler F, Hankiewicz B, Schroer MA, Müller L, Ruta B, Sheyfer D, Sprung M, Tono K, Katayama T, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Gutt C, Grübel G. Slowing down of dynamics and orientational order preceding crystallization in hard-sphere systems. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/43/eabc5916. [PMID: 33087351 PMCID: PMC7577711 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive studies in the past decades, the local structure of disordered matter remains widely unknown. We show the results of a coherent x-ray scattering study revealing higher-order correlations in dense colloidal hard-sphere systems in the vicinity of their crystallization and glass transition. With increasing volume fraction, we observe a strong increase in correlations at both medium-range and next-neighbor distances in the supercooled state, both invisible to conventional scattering techniques. Next-neighbor correlations are indicative of ordered precursor clusters preceding crystallization. Furthermore, the increase in such correlations is accompanied by a marked slowing down of the dynamics, proving experimentally a direct relation between orientational order and sample dynamics in a soft matter system. In contrast, correlations continuously increase for nonequilibrated, glassy samples, suggesting that orientational order is reached before the sample slows down to reach (quasi-)equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Hankiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Ruta
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Dina Sheyfer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Graewert M, Blanchet CE, Schroer MA, Gruzinov A, Kikhney A, Graewert TW, Franke D, Jeffries CM, Svergun DS. Access modes to the highly automated BioSAXS beamline P12 of EMBL Hamburg. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767320098189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Schewa S, Schroer MA, Zickmantel T, Song YH, Blanchet CE, Gruzinov AY, Katona G, Svergun DI, Roessle M. A THz transparent 3D printed microfluidic cell for small angle x-ray scattering. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:084101. [PMID: 32872894 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excitation frequencies in the terahertz (THz) range are expected to lead to functionally relevant domain movements within the biological macromolecules such as proteins. The possibility of examining such movements in an aqueous environment is particularly valuable since here proteins are not deprived of any motional degrees of freedom. Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful method to study the structure and domain movements of proteins in solution. Here, we present a microfluidic cell for SAXS experiments, which is also transparent for THz radiation. Specifically, cell dimensions and material were optimized for both radiation sources. In addition, the polystyrene cell can be 3D printed and easily assembled. We demonstrate the practicality of our design for SAXS measurements on several proteins in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schewa
- University of Applied Sciences Lübeck, Mönkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - M A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Zickmantel
- Physics Institute, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Y-H Song
- Physics Institute, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - C E Blanchet
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Yu Gruzinov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Katona
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Roessle
- University of Applied Sciences Lübeck, Mönkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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19
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Sahle CJ, Schroer MA, Niskanen J, Elbers M, Jeffries CM, Sternemann C. Hydration in aqueous osmolyte solutions: the case of TMAO and urea. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11614-11624. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy and first principles simulations reveal details of the hydration and hydrogen-bond topology of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and urea in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY
- Hamburg 22607
- Germany
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Turku
- FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto
- Finland
| | - Mirko Elbers
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA
- Technische Universität Dortmund
- 44221 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Cy M. Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY
- Hamburg 22607
- Germany
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20
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Majorošová J, Schroer MA, Tomašovičová N, Batková M, Hu PS, Kubovčíková M, Svergun DI, Kopčanský P. Effect of the concentration of protein and nanoparticles on the structure of biohybrid nanocomposites. Biopolymers 2019; 111:e23342. [PMID: 31794056 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We present colloidal nanocomposites formed by incorporating magnetite Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) with lysozyme amyloid fibrils (LAFs). Preparation of two types of solutions, with and without addition of salt, was carried out to elucidate the structure of MNPs-incorporated fibrillary nanocomposites and to study the effect of the presence of salt on the stability of the nanocomposites. The structural morphology of the LAFs and their interaction with MNPs were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering measurements. The results indicate that conformational properties of the fibrils are dependent on the concentration of protein, and the precise ratio of the concentration of the protein and MNPs is crucially important for the stability of the fibrillary nanocomposites. Our results confirm that despite the change in fibrillary morphology induced by the varying concentration of the protein, the adsorption of MNPs on the surface of LAF is morphologically independent. Moreover, most importantly, the samples containing salt have excellent stability for up to 1 year of shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozefína Majorošová
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marianna Batková
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Po-Sheng Hu
- Institute of Photonic System, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Martina Kubovčíková
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kopčanský
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
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21
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Lehmkühler F, Schroer MA, Markmann V, Frenzel L, Möller J, Lange H, Grübel G, Schulz F. Kinetics of pressure-induced nanocrystal superlattice formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21349-21354. [PMID: 31531471 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04658e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NC) are known to self-organize into superlattices that promise many applications ranging from medicine to optoelectronics. Recently, the formation of high-quality PEGylated gold NC was reported at high hydrostatic pressure and high salt concentrations. Here, we study the formation kinetics of these superlattices after pressure jumps beyond their crystallisation pressure by means of small-angle X-ray scattering with few ms experimental resolution. The timescale of NC formation was found to be reduced the larger the width of the pressure jump. This is connected to an increase of crystal quality, i.e., the faster the NC superlattice forms, the better the crystal quality. In contrast to the formation kinetics, the melting of the NC superlattice is approximately one order of magnitude slower and shows linear kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lara Frenzel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Schroer MA, Schewa S, Blanchet CE, Gruzinov AY, Zickmantel T, Fiedler S, Katona G, Roessle M, Svergun DI. Recent developments towards high-flux time-resolved and terahertz SAXS experiments on the EMBL P12 BioSAXS beamline. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273319089174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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23
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Lehmkühler F, Schulz F, Schroer MA, Frenzel L, Lange H, Grübel G. Local orientational order in self-assembled nanoparticle films: the role of ligand composition and salt. J Appl Crystallogr 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719007568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An X-ray cross-correlation study of the local orientational order in self-assembled films made from PEGylated gold nanoparticles is presented. The local structure of this model system is dominated by four- and sixfold order. Coadsorption of shorter ligands in the particle's ligand layer and variation of salt concentration in the suspension prior to self-assembly result in a change of local orientational order. The degree of sixfold order is reduced after salt addition. This decrease of order is less pronounced for the fourfold symmetry. The results presented here suggest complex symmetry-selective order formation upon ligand exchange and salt addition and demonstrate the versatility of X-ray cross-correlation methods for nanoparticle superlattices.
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24
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Lehmkühler F, Valerio J, Sheyfer D, Roseker W, Schroer MA, Fischer B, Tono K, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Grübel G. Dynamics of soft nanoparticle suspensions at hard X-ray FEL sources below the radiation-damage threshold. IUCrJ 2018; 5:801-807. [PMID: 30443363 PMCID: PMC6211528 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518013696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The application of X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) at free-electron laser (FEL) facilities enables, for the first time, the study of dynamics on a (sub-)nanometre scale in an unreached time range between femtoseconds and seconds. For soft-matter materials, radiation damage is a major limitation when going beyond single-shot applications. Here, an XPCS study is presented at a hard X-ray FEL on radiation-sensitive polymeric poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanoparticles. The dynamics of aqueous suspensions of densely packed silica-PNIPAM core-shell particles and a PNIPAM nanogel below the radiation-damage threshold are determined. The XPCS data indicate non-diffusive behaviour, suggesting ballistic and stress-dominated heterogeneous particle motions. These results demonstrate the feasibility of XPCS experiments on radiation-sensitive soft-matter materials at FEL sources and pave the way for future applications at MHz repetition rates as well as ultrafast modes using split-pulse devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joana Valerio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dina Sheyfer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Schroer MA, Lehmkühler F, Möller J, Lange H, Grübel G, Schulz F. Pressure-Stimulated Supercrystal Formation in Nanoparticle Suspensions. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4720-4724. [PMID: 30070842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can self-organize into "supercrystals" with many potential applications. Different paths can lead to nanoparticle self-organization into such periodic arrangements. An essential step is the transition from an amorphous state to the crystalline one. We investigate how pressure can induce a phase transition of a nanoparticle model system in water from the disordered liquid state to highly ordered supercrystals. We observe reversible pressure-induced supercrystal formation in concentrated solutions of gold nanoparticles by means of small-angle X-ray scattering. The supercrystal formation occurs only at high salt concentrations in the aqueous solution. The pressure dependence of the structural parameters of the resulting crystal lattices is determined. The observed transition can be reasoned with the combined effect of salt and pressure on the solubility of the organic PEG shell that passivates the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL) , 22869 Schenefeld , Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
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26
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Julius K, Weine J, Berghaus M, König N, Gao M, Latarius J, Paulus M, Schroer MA, Tolan M, Winter R. Water-Mediated Protein-Protein Interactions at High Pressures are Controlled by a Deep-Sea Osmolyte. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:038101. [PMID: 30085800 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.038101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of natural cosolvent mixtures on the pressure-dependent structure and protein-protein interaction potential of dense protein solutions is studied and analyzed using small-angle X-ray scattering in combination with a liquid-state theoretical approach. The deep-sea osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide is shown to play a crucial and singular role in its ability to not only guarantee sustainability of the native protein's folded state under harsh environmental conditions, but it also controls water-mediated intermolecular interactions at high pressure, thereby preventing contact formation and hence aggregation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Julius
- Faculty of Physics/DELTA, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonathan Weine
- Faculty of Physics/DELTA, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Melanie Berghaus
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nico König
- Faculty of Physics/DELTA, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mimi Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Latarius
- Faculty of Physics/DELTA, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Paulus
- Faculty of Physics/DELTA, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Metin Tolan
- Faculty of Physics/DELTA, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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27
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Schroer MA, Blanchet CE, Gruzinov AY, Gräwert MA, Brennich ME, Hajizadeh NR, Jeffries CM, Svergun DI. Smaller capillaries improve the small-angle X-ray scattering signal and sample consumption for biomacromolecular solutions. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:1113-1122. [PMID: 29979172 PMCID: PMC6038601 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518007907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiation damage by intense X-ray beams at modern synchrotron facilities is one of the major complications for biological small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) investigations of macromolecules in solution. To limit the damage, samples are typically measured under a laminar flow through a cell (typically a capillary) such that fresh solution is continuously exposed to the beam during measurement. The diameter of the capillary that optimizes the scattering-to-absorption ratio at a given X-ray wavelength can be calculated a priori based on fundamental physical properties. However, these well established scattering and absorption principles do not take into account the radiation susceptibility of the sample or the often very limited amounts of precious biological material available for an experiment. Here it is shown that, for biological solution SAXS, capillaries with smaller diameters than those calculated from simple scattering/absorption criteria allow for a better utilization of the available volumes of radiation-sensitive samples. This is demonstrated by comparing two capillary diameters di (di = 1.7 mm, close to optimal for 10 keV; and di = 0.9 mm, which is nominally sub-optimal) applied to study different protein solutions at various flow rates. The use of the smaller capillaries ultimately allows one to collect higher-quality SAXS data from the limited amounts of purified biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clement E. Blanchet
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Yu. Gruzinov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melissa A. Gräwert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martha E. Brennich
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Nelly R. Hajizadeh
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cy M. Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Lehmkühler F, Schulz F, Schroer MA, Frenzel L, Lange H, Grübel G. Heterogeneous local order in self-assembled nanoparticle films revealed by X-ray cross-correlations. IUCrJ 2018; 5:354-360. [PMID: 29755751 PMCID: PMC5929381 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518005407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles coated with a soft poly(ethylene glycol) shell studied by X-ray cross-correlation analysis. Depending on the initial concentration of gold nanoparticles used, structurally heterogeneous films were formed. The films feature hot spots of dominating four- and sixfold local order with patch sizes of a few micrometres, containing 104-105 particles. The amplitude of the order parameters suggested that a minimum sample amount was necessary to form well ordered local structures. Furthermore, the increasing variation in order parameters with sample thickness demonstrated a high degree of structural heterogeneity. This wealth of information cannot be obtained by the conventional microscopy techniques that are commonly used to study nanocrystal superstructures, as illustrated by complementary scanning electron microscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Frenzel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Abstract
We explore the influence of the two osmolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine on the structure of pure water and aqueous NaCl solutions using non-resonant X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J. Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs
- 38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Cy M. Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)
- Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- University of Turku
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- FI-20014 Turun yliopisto
- Finland
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30
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Dirkmann M, Iglesias-Fernández J, Muñoz V, Sokkar P, Rumancev C, von Gundlach A, Krenczyk O, Vöpel T, Nowack J, Schroer MA, Ebbinghaus S, Herrmann C, Rosenhahn A, Sanchez-Garcia E, Schulz F. A Multiperspective Approach to Solvent Regulation of Enzymatic Activity: HMG-CoA Reductase. Chembiochem 2017; 19:153-158. [PMID: 29139594 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was investigated in different organic cosolvents by means of kinetic and calorimetric measurements, molecular dynamics simulations, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The combined experimental and theoretical techniques were essential to complement each other's limitations in the investigation of the complex interaction pattern between the enzyme, different solvent types, and concentrations. In this way, the underlying mechanisms for the loss of enzyme activity in different water-miscible solvents could be elucidated. These include direct inhibitory effects onto the active center and structural distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dirkmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Javier Iglesias-Fernández
- Theoretische Chemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Victor Muñoz
- Theoretische Chemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Pandian Sokkar
- Theoretische Chemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rumancev
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas von Gundlach
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Analytische Chemie-Biogrenzflächen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oktavian Krenczyk
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Vöpel
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Nowack
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Analytische Chemie-Biogrenzflächen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Theoretische Chemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Schulz
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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31
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Blanchet CE, Schroer MA, Gruzinov AY, Spilotros A, Graewert MA, Franke D, Hajizadeh NR, Jeffries CM, Fiedler S, Svergun DI. Status of the EMBL BioSAXS beamline P12 at PETRA III. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317088878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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32
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Blanchet CE, Schroer MA, Jeffries C, Gruzinov AY, Graewert MA, Hajizadeh NR, Svergun DI. Study and mitigation of radiation damage on the P12 BioSAXS beamline. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317085485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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33
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Gruzinov A, Blanchet CE, Schroer MA, Wieland DCF, Spilotros A, Franke D, Hajizadeh N, Jeffries CM, Fiedler S, Filippov S, Roessle M, Katona G, Svergun DI. High-flux time-resolved experiments and anomalous scattering at EMBL P12 beamline. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317089616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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34
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Gdovinová V, Schroer MA, Tomašovičová N, Appel I, Behrens S, Majorošová J, Kováč J, Svergun DI, Kopčanský P. Structuralization of magnetic nanoparticles in 5CB liquid crystals. Soft Matter 2017; 13:7890-7896. [PMID: 29022016 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of highly stable composite systems of the liquid crystal 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) doped with CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Ferronematic samples were prepared with two different weight concentrations: sample A 0.085 wt% and sample B 0.062 wt%. The interaction of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with the liquid crystal was investigated by small-angle X-ray-scattering and magnetization measurements. The obtained results reveal aggregates formed by magnetic nanoparticles that are oriented in the nematic phase. Moreover, the prepared samples show unexpected behaviour of a sudden change in magnetization, which is unusual for such ferronematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Gdovinová
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonová 47, 04001, Košice, Slovakia.
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35
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Nun N, Hinrichs S, Schroer MA, Sheyfer D, Grübel G, Fischer B. Tuning the Size of Thermoresponsive Poly(N-Isopropyl Acrylamide) Grafted Silica Microgels. Gels 2017; 3:E34. [PMID: 30920530 PMCID: PMC6318582 DOI: 10.3390/gels3030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Core-shell microgels were synthesized via a free radical emulsion polymerization of thermoresponsive poly-(N-isopropyl acrylamide), pNipam, on the surface of silica nanoparticles. Pure pNipam microgels have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of about 32 °C. The LCST varies slightly with the crosslinker density used to stabilize the gel network. Including a silica core enhances the mechanical robustness. Here we show that by varying the concentration gradient of the crosslinker, the thermoresponsive behaviour of the core-shell microgels can be tuned. Three different temperature scenarios have been detected. First, the usual behaviour with a decrease in microgel size with increasing temperature exhibiting an LCST; second, an increase in microgel size with increasing temperature that resembles an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), and; third, a decrease with a subsequent increase of size reminiscent of the presence of both an LCST, and a UCST. However, since the chemical structure has not been changed, the LCST should only change slightly. Therefore we demonstrate how to tune the particle size independently of the LCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Nun
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Hinrichs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Dina Sheyfer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Birgit Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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36
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Abstract
The relationship between the local structure of complex liquids and their response to shear is generally not well understood. This concerns, in particular, the formation of particle strings in the flow direction or hydroclusters, both important for the understanding of shear thinning and thickening phenomena. Here, we present results of a microfocus X-ray scattering experiment on spherical silica colloids in a liquid jet at high shear rates. Along and across the jet, we observe direction-dependent modifications of the structure factor of the suspension, suggesting the formation of differently ordered clusters in compression lines and as particle strings. With increasing distance from the orifice, the structure relaxes to the unsheared case with a typical relaxation 10 times larger as the time scale of Brownian motion. These results provide the first experimental flow characterization of a complex fluid at high shear rates detecting cluster formation and relaxation with micrometer and microsecond resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Steinke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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37
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Blanchet CE, Spilotros A, Wieland FDC, Schroer MA, Jeffries CM, Graewert MA, Franke D, Hajizadeh N, Fiedler S, Svergun DI. High-throughput and time-resolved BioSAXS at the P12 beamline of EMBL Hamburg. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273316099770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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38
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Schulz F, Dahl GT, Besztejan S, Schroer MA, Lehmkühler F, Grübel G, Vossmeyer T, Lange H. Ligand Layer Engineering To Control Stability and Interfacial Properties of Nanoparticles. Langmuir 2016; 32:7897-907. [PMID: 27458652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of mixed ligand layers including poly(ethylene glycol)-based ligands for the functionalization of nanoparticles is a very popular strategy in the context of nanomedicine. However, it is challenging to control the composition of the ligand layer and maintain high colloidal and chemical stability of the conjugates. A high level of control and stability are crucial for reproducibility, upscaling, and safe application. In this study, gold nanoparticles with well-defined mixed ligand layers of α-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-ω-(11-mercaptoundecanoate) (PEGMUA) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) were synthesized and characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. The colloidal and chemical stability of the conjugates was tested by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and UV/vis spectroscopy based experiments, and their interactions with cells were analyzed by elemental analysis. We demonstrate that the alkylene spacer in PEGMUA is the key feature for the controlled synthesis of mixed layer conjugates with very high colloidal and chemical stability and that a controlled synthesis is not possible using regular PEG ligands without the alkylene spacer. With the results of our stability tests, the molecular structure of the ligands can be clearly linked to the colloidal and chemical stabilization. We expect that the underlying design principle can be generalized to improve the level of control in nanoparticle surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor T Dahl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Besztejan
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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39
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Steinke I, Walther M, Lehmkühler F, Wochner P, Valerio J, Mager R, Schroer MA, Lee S, Roseker W, Jain A, Sikorski M, Song S, Hartmann R, Huth M, Strüder L, Sprung M, Robert A, Fuoss PH, Stephenson GB, Grübel G. A liquid jet setup for x-ray scattering experiments on complex liquids at free-electron laser sources. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:063905. [PMID: 27370468 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe a setup for x-ray scattering experiments on complex fluids using a liquid jet. The setup supports Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS/WAXS) geometries. The jet is formed by a gas-dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) allowing for diameters ranging between 1 μm and 20 μm at a jet length of several hundred μm. To control jet properties such as jet length, diameter, or flow rate, the instrument is equipped with several diagnostic tools. Three microscopes are installed to quantify jet dimensions and stability in situ. The setup has been used at several beamlines performing both SAXS and WAXS experiments. As a typical example we show an experiment on a colloidal dispersion in a liquid jet at the X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Steinke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Walther
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Wochner
- Max Plank-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Valerio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Mager
- Max Plank-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Lee
- Frontier in Extreme Physics, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
| | - W Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Jain
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Sikorski
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Song
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Hartmann
- PNSensor GmbH, Sckellstraße 3, 81667 München, Germany
| | - M Huth
- PNSensor GmbH, Sckellstraße 3, 81667 München, Germany
| | - L Strüder
- PNSensor GmbH, Sckellstraße 3, 81667 München, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Robert
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P H Fuoss
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G B Stephenson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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40
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Schroer MA, Westermeier F, Lehmkühler F, Conrad H, Schavkan A, Zozulya AV, Fischer B, Roseker W, Sprung M, Gutt C, Grübel G. Colloidal crystallite suspensions studied by high pressure small angle x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:084903. [PMID: 26931722 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on high pressure small angle x-ray scattering on suspensions of colloidal crystallites in water. The crystallites made out of charge-stabilized poly-acrylate particles exhibit a complex pressure dependence which is based on the specific pressure properties of the suspending medium water. The dominant effect is a compression of the crystallites caused by the compression of the water. In addition, we find indications that also the electrostatic properties of the system, i.e. the particle charge and the dissociation of ions, might play a role for the pressure dependence of the samples. The data further suggest that crystallites in a metastable state induced by shear-induced melting can relax to a similar structural state upon the application of pressure and dilution with water. X-ray cross correlation analysis of the two-dimensional scattering patterns indicates a pressure-dependent increase of the orientational order of the crystallites correlated with growth of these in the suspension. This study underlines the potential of pressure as a very relevant parameter to understand colloidal crystallite systems in aqueous suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, CFEL, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Conrad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Schavkan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A V Zozulya
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Gutt
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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41
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Micciulla S, Michalowsky J, Schroer MA, Holm C, von Klitzing R, Smiatek J. Concentration dependent effects of urea binding to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes: a combined experimental and numerical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5324-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07544k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concentration-dependent binding of urea to PNIPAM influences the chain conformation as a result of the subtle interplay between hydration properties and urea repartition around the polymer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Micciulla
- Stranski-Laboratorium
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Julian Michalowsky
- Institut für Computerphysik
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI)
- D-22761 Hamburg
| | - Christian Holm
- Institut für Computerphysik
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Stranski-Laboratorium
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institut für Computerphysik
- Universität Stuttgart
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
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42
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Schroer MA, Michalowsky J, Fischer B, Smiatek J, Grübel G. Stabilizing effect of TMAO on globular PNIPAM states: preferential attraction induces preferential hydration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31459-31470. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05991k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of the organic co-solute trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) on the volume phase transition of microgel particles made from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI)
- 22761 Hamburg
| | | | - Birgit Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Hamburg
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institut für Computerphysik
- Universität Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI)
- 22761 Hamburg
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43
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Sahle CJ, Schroer MA, Juurinen I, Niskanen J. Influence of TMAO and urea on the structure of water studied by inelastic X-ray scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16518-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01922f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a study on the influence of the naturally occurring organic osmolytes tri-methylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and urea on the bulk structure of water using X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI)
- 22761 Hamburg
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44
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Lehmkühler F, Kwaśniewski P, Roseker W, Fischer B, Schroer MA, Tono K, Katayama T, Sprung M, Sikorski M, Song S, Glownia J, Chollet M, Nelson S, Robert A, Gutt C, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Grübel G. Sequential Single Shot X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy at the SACLA Free Electron Laser. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17193. [PMID: 26610328 PMCID: PMC4661692 DOI: 10.1038/srep17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hard X-ray free electron lasers allow for the first time to access dynamics of condensed matter samples ranging from femtoseconds to several hundred seconds. In particular, the exceptional large transverse coherence of the X-ray pulses and the high time-averaged flux promises to reach time and length scales that have not been accessible up to now with storage ring based sources. However, due to the fluctuations originating from the stochastic nature of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process the application of well established techniques such as X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is challenging. Here we demonstrate a single-shot based sequential XPCS study on a colloidal suspension with a relaxation time comparable to the SACLA free-electron laser pulse repetition rate. High quality correlation functions could be extracted without any indications for sample damage. This opens the way for systematic sequential XPCS experiments at FEL sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paweł Kwaśniewski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aymeric Robert
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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45
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Sahle CJ, Henriquet C, Schroer MA, Juurinen I, Niskanen J, Krisch M. A miniature closed-circle flow cell for high photon flux X-ray scattering experiments. J Synchrotron Radiat 2015; 22:1555-1558. [PMID: 26524322 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515016331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A closed-circle miniature flow cell for high X-ray photon flux experiments on radiation-sensitive liquid samples is presented. The compact cell is made from highly inert material and the flow is induced by a rotating magnetic stir bar, which acts as a centrifugal pump inside the cell. The cell is ideal for radiation-sensitive yet precious or hazardous liquid samples, such as concentrated acids or bases. As a demonstration of the cell's capabilities, X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy data on the oxygen K-edge of liquid water under ambient conditions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch J Sahle
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - C Henriquet
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Juurinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Niskanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Krisch
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Schroer MA, Gutt C, Lehmkühler F, Fischer B, Steinke I, Westermeier F, Sprung M, Grübel G. Nano-beam X-ray microscopy of dried colloidal films. Soft Matter 2015; 11:5465-72. [PMID: 26061482 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on a nano-beam small angle X-ray scattering study on densely-packed, dried binary films made out of spherical silica particles with radii of 11.2 and 19.3 nm. For these three-dimensional thin films prepared by drop casting, only a finite number of colloidal particles contributes to the scattering signal due to the small beam size of 400 × 400 nm(2). By scanning the samples, the structure and composition of the silica particle films are determined spatially resolved revealing spatial heterogeneities in the films. Three different types of domains were identified: regions containing mainly large particles, regions containing mainly small particles, and regions where both particle species are mixed. Using the new angular X-ray cross-correlations analysis (XCCA) approach, spatial maps of the local type and degree of orientational order within the silica particle films are obtained. Whereas the mixed regions have dominant two-fold order, weaker four-fold and marginal six-fold order, regions made out of large particles are characterized by an overall reduced orientational order. Regions of small particles are highly ordered showing actually crystalline order. Distinct differences in the local particle order are observed by analyzing sections through the intensity and XCCA maps. The different degree of order can be understood by the different particle size polydispersities. Moreover, we show that preferential orientations of the particle domains can be studied by cross-correlation analysis yielding information on particle film formation. We find patches of preferential order with an average size of 8-10 μm. Thus, by this combined X-ray cross-correlation microscopy (XCCM) approach the structure and orientational order of films made out of nanometer sized colloids can be determined. This method will allow to reveal the local structure and order of self-assembled structures with different degree of order in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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Conrad H, Lehmkühler F, Fischer B, Westermeier F, Schroer MA, Chushkin Y, Gutt C, Sprung M, Grübel G. Correlated heterogeneous dynamics in glass-forming polymers. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:042309. [PMID: 25974493 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.042309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments on the dynamics of the glass-former polypropylene glycol covering a temperature range from room temperature to the glass transition at T(g)=205 K using silica tracer particles. Three temperature regimes are identified: At high temperatures, Brownian motion of the tracer particles is observed. Near T(g), the dynamics is hyperdiffusive and ballistic. Around 1.12T(g), we observe an intermediate regime. Here the stretching exponent of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function becomes q dependent. By analyzing higher-order correlations in the scattering data, we find that dynamical heterogeneities dramatically increase in this intermediate-temperature regime. This leads to two effects: increasing heterogeneous dynamics and correlated motion at temperatures close to and below 1.12T(g).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Conrad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Chushkin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Gutt
- University of Siegen, Walter-Flex Straße 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Wieland DF, Degen P, Paulus M, Schroer MA, Rehage H, Tolan M. pH controlled condensation of polysiloxane networks at the water–air interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schroer MA, Gutt C, Grübel G. Characteristics of angular cross correlations studied by light scattering from two-dimensional microsphere films. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:012309. [PMID: 25122305 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.012309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently the analysis of scattering patterns by angular cross-correlation analysis (CCA) was introduced to reveal the orientational order in disordered samples with special focus to future applications on x-ray free-electron laser facilities. We apply this CCA approach to ultra-small-angle light-scattering data obtained from two-dimensional monolayers of microspheres. The films were studied in addition by optical microscopy. This combined approach allows to calculate the cross-correlations of the scattering patterns, characterized by the orientational correlation function Ψ(l)(q), as well as to obtain the real-space structure of the monolayers. We show that CCA is sensitive to the orientational order of monolayers formed by the microspheres which are not directly visible from the scattering patterns. By mixing microspheres of different radii the sizes of ordered monolayer domains is reduced. For these samples it is shown that Ψ(l)(q) quantitatively describes the degree of hexagonal order of the two-dimensional films. The experimental CCA results are compared with calculations based on the microscopy images. Both techniques show qualitatively similar features. Differences can be attributed to the wave-front distortion of the laser beam in the experiment. This effect is discussed by investigating the effect of different wave fronts on the cross-correlation analysis results. The so-determined characteristics of the cross-correlation analysis will be also relevant for future x-ray-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany and and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chausee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Gutt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany and and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chausee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany and and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chausee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Wieland DCF, Degen P, Paulus M, Schroer MA, Bieder S, Sahle CJ, Möller J, Leick S, Chen Z, Struth B, Rehage H, Tolan M. Formation of iron containing aggregates at the liquid-air interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:74-81. [PMID: 23619056 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The early stages of the formation of inorganic aggregates, composed of iron compounds at the solution-air interface, were investigated in situ. The properties of the solution-air interface were changed by using different Langmuir layers. In order to get insight into the evolution of the sample system in situ, the processes were studied by X-ray scattering and spectroscopy techniques. The formation of aggregates was detected under cationic as well as under anionic Langmuir layers. The observed compounds lack long range order which indicates the formation of amorphous structures. This is supported by extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements showing only minor order in the formed aggregates.
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