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Markmann V, Walther M, Dartsch M, Valerio J, Frenzel L, Lokteva I, Westermeier F, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. A versatile chamber for x-ray scattering on liquid jets with sample recycling. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:125106. [PMID: 36586895 DOI: 10.1063/5.0105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the setup of a versatile sample chamber for x-ray scattering experiments on liquids delivered by μ-jets. The simple implementation at x-ray light sources, adaptability to different nozzle types, and the availability of a microscope for observation of the jet flow allow for its broad application. In combination with an inbuilt recycling circle, a continuous flow operation is provided. Functionality of the system was demonstrated in a rheology study at PETRA III.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Walther
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Dartsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Valerio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Frenzel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Lokteva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Moron M, Al-Masoodi A, Lovato C, Reiser M, Randolph L, Surmeier G, Bolle J, Westermeier F, Sprung M, Winter R, Paulus M, Gutt C. Gelation Dynamics upon Pressure-Induced Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in a Water-Lysozyme Solution. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4160-4167. [PMID: 35594491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Employing X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we measure the kinetics and dynamics of a pressure-induced liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in a water-lysozyme solution. Scattering invariants and kinetic information provide evidence that the system reaches the phase boundary upon pressure-induced LLPS with no sign of arrest. The coarsening slows down with increasing quench depths. The g2 functions display a two-step decay with a gradually increasing nonergodicity parameter typical for gelation. We observe fast superdiffusive (γ ≥ 3/2) and slow subdiffusive (γ < 0.6) motion associated with fast viscoelastic fluctuations of the network and a slow viscous coarsening process, respectively. The dynamics age linearly with time τ ∝ tw, and we observe the onset of viscoelastic relaxation for deeper quenches. Our results suggest that the protein solution gels upon reaching the phase boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moron
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Al-Masoodi
- Department Physik, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - C Lovato
- Department Physik, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - M Reiser
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Randolph
- Department Physik, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - G Surmeier
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Bolle
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Winter
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Physikalische Chemie, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Paulus
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Gutt
- Department Physik, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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3
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Blauensteiner J, Bertinat R, León LE, Riederer M, Sepúlveda N, Westermeier F. Altered endothelial dysfunction-related miRs in plasma from ME/CFS patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10604. [PMID: 34011981 PMCID: PMC8134566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease characterized by unexplained debilitating fatigue. Although the etiology is unknown, evidence supports immunological abnormalities, such as persistent inflammation and immune-cell activation, in a subset of patients. Since the interplay between inflammation and vascular alterations is well-established in other diseases, endothelial dysfunction has emerged as another player in ME/CFS pathogenesis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) generates nitric oxide (NO) that maintains endothelial homeostasis. eNOS is activated by silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1), an anti-inflammatory protein. Despite its relevance, no study has addressed the Sirt1/eNOS axis in ME/CFS. The interest in circulating microRNAs (miRs) as potential biomarkers in ME/CFS has increased in recent years. Accordingly, we analyze a set of miRs reported to modulate the Sirt1/eNOS axis using plasma from ME/CFS patients. Our results show that miR-21, miR-34a, miR-92a, miR-126, and miR-200c are jointly increased in ME/CFS patients compared to healthy controls. A similar finding was obtained when analyzing public miR data on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Bioinformatics analysis shows that endothelial function-related signaling pathways are associated with these miRs, including oxidative stress and oxygen regulation. Interestingly, histone deacetylase 1, a protein responsible for epigenetic regulations, represented the most relevant node within the network. In conclusion, our study provides a basis to find endothelial dysfunction-related biomarkers and explore novel targets in ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Blauensteiner
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Health Studies, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - R Bertinat
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-BIO BIO, Facultad de Ciencias Biológica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - L E León
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Riederer
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Health Studies, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - N Sepúlveda
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- CEAUL - Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität (FU) Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Health Studies, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria.
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O´Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Markmann V, Dartsch M, Valerio J, Frenzel L, Lokteva I, Walther M, Westermeier F, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. Shear-induced ordering in liquid microjets seen by x-ray cross correlation analysis. Struct Dyn 2020; 7:054901. [PMID: 33094129 PMCID: PMC7568674 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We applied shear to a silica nanoparticle dispersion in a microfluidic jet device and observed direction-dependent structure along and across the flow direction. The asymmetries of the diffraction patterns were evaluated by x-ray cross correlation analysis. For different Rayleigh nozzle sizes and shapes, we measured the decay of the shear-induced ordering after the cessation of the shear. At large tube sizes and small shear rates, the characteristic times of the decay become longer, but Péclet-weighted times do not scale linearly with Péclet numbers. By modeling particle distributions with the corresponding diffraction patterns and comparing measured shape asymmetry to simulations, we determined the variation of volume fraction over the azimuthal angle for the maximum ordered state in the jet.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Walther
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Ruta B, Hechler S, Neuber N, Orsi D, Cristofolini L, Gross O, Bochtler B, Frey M, Kuball A, Riegler SS, Stolpe M, Evenson Z, Gutt C, Westermeier F, Busch R, Gallino I. Wave-Vector Dependence of the Dynamics in Supercooled Metallic Liquids. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:055701. [PMID: 32794848 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.055701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed investigation of the wave-vector dependence of collective atomic motion in Au_{49}Cu_{26.9}Si_{16.3}Ag_{5.5}Pd_{2.3} and Pd_{42.5}Cu_{27}Ni_{9.5}P_{21} supercooled liquids close to the glass transition temperature. Using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy in a previously uncovered spatial range of only a few interatomic distances, we show that the microscopic structural relaxation process mimics the structure and presents a marked slowing down at the main average interparticle distance. This behavior is accompanied by dramatic changes in the shape of the intermediate scattering functions, which suggest the presence of large dynamical heterogeneities at length scales corresponding to a few particle diameters. A ballisticlike mechanism of particle motion seems to govern the structural relaxation of the two systems in the highly viscous phase, likely associated with hopping of caged particles in agreement with theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ruta
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - S Hechler
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - N Neuber
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - D Orsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche Fisiche ed Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Cristofolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche Fisiche ed Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - O Gross
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - B Bochtler
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Frey
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - A Kuball
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - S S Riegler
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Stolpe
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Z Evenson
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Busch
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - I Gallino
- Chair of Metallic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus C6.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Epp SW, Hada M, Zhong Y, Kumagai Y, Motomura K, Mizote S, Ono T, Owada S, Axford D, Bakhtiarzadeh S, Fukuzawa H, Hayashi Y, Katayama T, Marx A, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Owen RL, Sherrell DA, Tono K, Ueda K, Westermeier F, Miller RJD. Time zero determination for FEL pump-probe studies based on ultrafast melting of bismuth. Struct Dyn 2017; 4:054308. [PMID: 29152535 PMCID: PMC5658228 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A common challenge for pump-probe studies of structural dynamics at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) is the determination of time zero (T0)-the time an optical pulse (e.g., an optical laser) arrives coincidently with the probe pulse (e.g., a XFEL pulse) at the sample position. In some cases, T0 might be extracted from the structural dynamics of the sample's observed response itself, but generally, an independent robust method is required or would be superior to the inferred determination of T0. In this paper, we present how the structural dynamics in ultrafast melting of bismuth can be exploited for a quickly performed, reliable and accurate determination of T0 with a precision below 20 fs and an overall experimental accuracy of 50 fs to 150 fs (estimated). Our approach is potentially useful and applicable for fixed-target XFEL experiments, such as serial femtosecond crystallography, utilizing an optical pump pulse in the ultraviolet to near infrared spectral range and a pixelated 2D photon detector for recording crystallographic diffraction patterns in transmission geometry. In comparison to many other suitable approaches, our method is fairly independent of the pumping wavelength (UV-IR) as well as of the X-ray energy and offers a favorable signal contrast. The technique is exploitable not only for the determination of temporal characteristics of the experiment at the interaction point but also for investigating important conditions affecting experimental control such as spatial overlap and beam spot sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Epp
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Hada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Y Zhong
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - K Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - S Mizote
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - T Ono
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - S Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - D Axford
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | | | - H Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Y Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | | | - A Marx
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - R L Owen
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - D A Sherrell
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | | | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - F Westermeier
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Sanhueza C, Araos J, Naranjo L, Villalobos R, Westermeier F, Salomon C, Beltrán AR, Ramírez MA, Gutiérrez J, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Modulation of intracellular pH in human ovarian cancer. Curr Mol Med 2016; 16:23-32. [PMID: 26695697 DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666151222143437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To sustain tumor growth, the cancer cells need to adapt to low levels of oxygen (i.e., hypoxia) in the tumor tissue and to the tumor-associated acidic microenvironment. In this phenomenon, the activation of the sodium/proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) at the plasma membrane and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) are critical for the control of the intracellular pH (pHi) and for hypoxia adaptation, respectively. Interestingly, both of these mechanisms end in sustaining cancer cell proliferation. However, regulatory mechanisms of pHi in human ovary tissue and in malignant ascites are unknown. Additionally, a potential role of NHE1 in the modulation of H(+) efflux in human ovarian cancer cells is unknown. In this review, we discussed the characteristics of tumor microenvironment of primary human ovarian tumors and tumor ascites, in terms of pHi regulatory mechanisms and oxygen level. The findings described in the literature suggest that NHE1 may likely play a role in pHi regulation and cell proliferation in human ovarian cancer, potentially involving HIF2α activation. Since ovarian cancer is the fifth cause of prevalence of women cancer in Chile and is usually of late diagnosis, i.e., when the disease jeopardizes peritoneal cavity and other organs, resulting in reduced patient survival, new efforts are required to improve patient-life span and for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. The potential advantage of the use of amiloride and amiloride-derivatives for cancer treatment in terms of NHE1 expression and activity is also discussed as a therapeutic approach in human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
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8
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Westermeier F, Sáez T, Arroyo P, Toledo F, Gutiérrez J, Sanhueza C, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Insulin receptor isoforms: an integrated view focused on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:350-65. [PMID: 26431063 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human insulin receptor (IR) exists in two isoforms that differ by the absence (IR-A) or the presence (IR-B) of a 12-amino acid segment encoded by exon 11. Both isoforms are functionally distinct regarding their binding affinities and intracellular signalling. However, the underlying mechanisms related to their cellular functions in several tissues are only partially understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in this field regarding the alternative splicing of IR isoform, tissue-specific distribution and signalling both in physiology and disease, with an emphasis on the human placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Furthermore, we discuss the clinical relevance of IR isoforms highlighted by findings that show altered insulin signalling due to differential IR-A and IR-B expression in human placental endothelium in GDM pregnancies. Future research and clinical studies focused on the role of IR isoform signalling might provide novel therapeutic targets for treating GDM to improve the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Centre for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Faculty of Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Arroyo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - J Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular Signalling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Schroer MA, Westermeier F, Lehmkühler F, Conrad H, Schavkan A, Zozulya AV, Fischer B, Roseker W, Sprung M, Gutt C, Grübel G. Colloidal crystallite suspensions studied by high pressure small angle x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:084903. [PMID: 26931722 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on high pressure small angle x-ray scattering on suspensions of colloidal crystallites in water. The crystallites made out of charge-stabilized poly-acrylate particles exhibit a complex pressure dependence which is based on the specific pressure properties of the suspending medium water. The dominant effect is a compression of the crystallites caused by the compression of the water. In addition, we find indications that also the electrostatic properties of the system, i.e. the particle charge and the dissociation of ions, might play a role for the pressure dependence of the samples. The data further suggest that crystallites in a metastable state induced by shear-induced melting can relax to a similar structural state upon the application of pressure and dilution with water. X-ray cross correlation analysis of the two-dimensional scattering patterns indicates a pressure-dependent increase of the orientational order of the crystallites correlated with growth of these in the suspension. This study underlines the potential of pressure as a very relevant parameter to understand colloidal crystallite systems in aqueous suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, CFEL, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Conrad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Schavkan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A V Zozulya
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Gutt
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Garcés M, Chávez J, Villalobos-Labra R, Westermeier F, Sáez P, Salas-Pérez F, Cautivo K, Busso D, Varas J, San Martin S, Sobrevia L, Farías-Jofré M. High fat diet in mice induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in livers of their offspring. Placenta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.01.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Villalobos-Labra R, Sáez P, González I, Westermeier F, Sobrevia L, Casanello P, Owen G, Farías-Jofré M. Maternal obesity impairs migration of fetal endothelium involving endoplasmic reticulum stress. Placenta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.01.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Conrad H, Lehmkühler F, Fischer B, Westermeier F, Schroer MA, Chushkin Y, Gutt C, Sprung M, Grübel G. Correlated heterogeneous dynamics in glass-forming polymers. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:042309. [PMID: 25974493 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.042309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments on the dynamics of the glass-former polypropylene glycol covering a temperature range from room temperature to the glass transition at T(g)=205 K using silica tracer particles. Three temperature regimes are identified: At high temperatures, Brownian motion of the tracer particles is observed. Near T(g), the dynamics is hyperdiffusive and ballistic. Around 1.12T(g), we observe an intermediate regime. Here the stretching exponent of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function becomes q dependent. By analyzing higher-order correlations in the scattering data, we find that dynamical heterogeneities dramatically increase in this intermediate-temperature regime. This leads to two effects: increasing heterogeneous dynamics and correlated motion at temperatures close to and below 1.12T(g).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Conrad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Chushkin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Gutt
- University of Siegen, Walter-Flex Straße 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Pardo F, Arroyo P, Salomón C, Westermeier F, Salsoso R, Sáez T, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Role of equilibrative adenosine transporters and adenosine receptors as modulators of the human placental endothelium in gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2013; 34:1121-7. [PMID: 24119573 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diseases that alters human placenta macro and microvascular reactivity as a result of endothelial dysfunction. The human placenta is a highly vascularized organ which lacks innervation, so blood flux is governed by locally released vasoactive molecules, including the endogenous nucleoside adenosine and the free radical nitric oxide (NO). Altered adenosine metabolism and uptake by the endothelium leads to increased NO synthesis which then turns-off the expression of genes coding for a family of nucleoside membrane transporters belonging to equilibrative nucleoside transporters, particularly isoforms 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2). This mechanism leads to increased extracellular adenosine and, as a consequence, activation of adenosine receptors to further sustain a tonic activation of NO synthesis. This is a phenomenon that seems operative in the placental macro and microvascular endothelium in GDM. We here summarize the findings available in the literature regarding these mechanisms in the human feto-placental circulation. This phenomenon is altered in the feto-placental vasculature, which could be crucial for understanding GDM deleterious effects in fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Holmqvist P, Meester V, Westermeier F, Kleshchanok D. Rotational diffusion in concentrated platelet systems measured with X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zozulya AV, Meijer JM, Shabalin A, Ricci A, Westermeier F, Kurta RP, Lorenz U, Singer A, Yefanov O, Petukhov AV, Sprung M, Vartanyants IA. In situ X-ray crystallographic study of the structural evolution of colloidal crystals upon heating. J Appl Crystallogr 2013; 46:903-907. [PMID: 24046496 PMCID: PMC3769053 DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural evolution of colloidal crystals made of polystyrene hard spheres has been studied in situ upon incremental heating of a crystal in a temperature range below and above the glass transition temperature of polystyrene. Thin films of colloidal crystals having different particle sizes were studied in transmission geometry using a high-resolution small-angle X-ray scattering setup at the P10 Coherence Beamline of the PETRA III synchrotron facility. The transformation of colloidal crystals to a melted state has been observed in a narrow temperature interval of less than 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Zozulya
- Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J.-M. Meijer
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Shabalin
- Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Ricci
- Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Westermeier
- Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. P. Kurta
- Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - U. Lorenz
- Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Singer
- Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Yefanov
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. V. Petukhov
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sprung
- Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I. A. Vartanyants
- Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- National Research Nuclear University ‘MEPhI’, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation
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16
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Zozulya AV, Bondarenko S, Schavkan A, Westermeier F, Grübel G, Sprung M. Microfocusing transfocator for 1D and 2D compound refractive lenses. Opt Express 2012; 20:18967-76. [PMID: 23038536 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.018967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An x-ray transfocator design for the combined use of 1D and 2D compound refractive lenses is described. The device includes stacks of beryllium parabolic lenses with different radii of curvature and provides microfocused x-ray beams in the 4-20 keV photon energy range. The transfocator has been implemented at the P10 Coherence Beamline of the PETRA III synchrotron at DESY, Hamburg. Results of transfocator performance and applications for coherent x-ray scattering experiments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Zozulya
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
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Sobrevia L, Abarzúa F, Nien JK, Salomón C, Westermeier F, Puebla C, Cifuentes F, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Leiva A, Casanello P. Review: Differential placental macrovascular and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes. Placenta 2011; 32 Suppl 2:S159-64. [PMID: 21215450 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human endothelial dysfunction is a common feature in many diseases of pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes (GD). Metabolic changes include abnormal synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and abnormal membrane transport of l-arginine and adenosine in primary cultures of human umbilical vein (HUVEC, macrovascular) and placental microvillus (hPMEC, microvascular) endothelial cells. These alterations are associated with modifications in the expression and activity of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NO synthases, respectively, an effect that is maintained at least up to passage 5 in culture. HUVEC and hPMEC exhibit expression and activity of the human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT-1), equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (hENT1) and hENT2, as well as the corresponding SLC7A1, SLC29A1 and SLC29A2 gene promoter activities. Altered gene expression results from increased NO level, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and hCHOP-C/EBPα transcription factor activation. Reduced ENT-mediated adenosine transport in GD is associated with stimulation of the l-arginine/NO pathway, and mainly due to reduced expression and activity of hENT1. In addition, hENT2 activity seems able to restore the reduced adenosine transport in GD. Additionally, insulin exerts a differential modulation of endothelial cells from macrocirculation compared with microcirculation, possibly due to expression of different insulin receptor isoforms. It is suggested that a common functional characteristic leading to changes in the bioavailability of adenosine and metabolism of l-arginine is evidenced by human fetal micro and macrovascular endothelium in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sobrevia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Centre (CIM), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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