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Kamal MA, Brizioli M, Zinn T, Narayanan T, Cerbino R, Giavazzi F, Pal A. Dynamics of anisotropic colloidal systems: What to choose, DLS, DDM or XPCS? J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:314-320. [PMID: 38244498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of the dynamics of colloids in bulk can be hindered by issues such as multiple scattering and sample opacity. These challenges are exacerbated when dealing with inorganic materials. In this study, we employed a model system of Akaganeite colloidal rods to assess three leading dynamics measurement techniques: 3D-(depolarized) dynamic light scattering (3D-(D)DLS), polarized-differential dynamic microscopy (P-DDM), and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). Our analysis revealed that the translational and rotational diffusion coefficients captured by these methods show a remarkable alignment. Additionally, by examining the q-ranges and maximum volume fractions for each approach, we offer insights into the best technique for investigating the dynamics of anisotropic systems at the colloidal scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arif Kamal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matteo Brizioli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Fabio Giavazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antara Pal
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; MAX IV Laboratory, Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Narayanan T. Recent advances in synchrotron scattering methods for probing the structure and dynamics of colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103114. [PMID: 38452431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress in synchrotron based X-ray scattering methods applied to colloid science is reviewed. An important figure of merit of these techniques is that they enable in situ investigations of colloidal systems under the desired thermophysical and rheological conditions. An ensemble averaged simultaneous structural and dynamical information can be derived albeit in reciprocal space. Significant improvements in X-ray source brilliance and advances in detector technology have overcome some of the limitations in the past. Notably coherent X-ray scattering techniques have become more competitive and they provide complementary information to laboratory based real space methods. For a system with sufficient scattering contrast, size ranges from nm to several μm and time scales down to μs are now amenable to X-ray scattering investigations. A wide variety of sample environments can be combined with scattering experiments further enriching the science that could be pursued by means of advanced X-ray scattering instruments. Some of these recent progresses are illustrated via representative examples. To derive quantitative information from the scattering data, rigorous data analysis or modeling is required. Development of powerful computational tools including the use of artificial intelligence have become the emerging trend.
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3
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Manna G, Zinn T, Sharpnack L, Narayanan T. Orientational ordering and assembly of silica-nickel Janus particles in a magnetic field. IUCRJ 2024; 11:109-119. [PMID: 38099813 PMCID: PMC10833383 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252301000x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The orientation ordering and assembly behavior of silica-nickel Janus particles in a static external magnetic field were probed by ultra small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS). Even in a weak applied field, the net magnetic moments of the individual particles aligned in the direction of the field, as indicated by the anisotropy in the recorded USAXS patterns. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements on these suspensions revealed that the corresponding particle dynamics are primarily Brownian diffusion [Zinn, Sharpnack & Narayanan (2023). Soft Matter, 19, 2311-2318]. At higher fields, the magnetic forces led to chain-like configurations of particles, as indicated by an additional feature in the USAXS pattern. A theoretical framework is provided for the quantitative interpretation of the observed anisotropic scattering diagrams and the corresponding degree of orientation. No anisotropy was detected when the magnetic field was applied along the beam direction, which is also replicated by the model. The method presented here could be useful for the interpretation of oriented scattering patterns from a wide variety of particulate systems. The combination of USAXS and XPCS is a powerful approach for investigating asymmetric colloidal particles in external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
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4
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Chèvremont W, Zinn T, Narayanan T. Improvement of ultra-small-angle XPCS with the Extremely Brilliant Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:65-76. [PMID: 37933847 PMCID: PMC10833426 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523008627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical developments and the performance of the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) method over the ultra-small-angle range with the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) at the ESRF are described. With higher monochromatic coherent photon flux (∼1012 photons s-1) provided by the EBS and the availability of a fast pixel array detector (EIGER 500K detector operating at 23000 frames s-1), XPCS has become more competitive for probing faster dynamics in relatively dilute suspensions. One of the goals of the present development is to increase the user-friendliness of the method. This is achieved by means of a Python-based graphical user interface that enables online visualization and analysis of the processed data. The improved performance of XPCS on the Time-Resolved Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering instrument (ID02 beamline) is demonstrated using dilute model colloidal suspensions in several different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chèvremont
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
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5
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Czajka T, Neuhaus C, Alfken J, Stammer M, Chushkin Y, Pontoni D, Hoffmann C, Milovanovic D, Salditt T. Lipid vesicle pools studied by passive X-ray microrheology. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:123. [PMID: 38060069 PMCID: PMC10703982 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle pools can form by attractive interaction in a solution, mediated by proteins or divalent ions such as calcium. The pools, which are alternatively also denoted as vesicle clusters, form by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) from an initially homogeneous solution. Due to the short range liquid-like order of vesicles in the pool or cluster, the vesicle-rich phase can also be regarded as a condensate, and one would like to better understand not only the structure of these systems, but also their dynamics. The diffusion of vesicles, in particular, is expected to change when vesicles are arrested in a pool. Here we investigate whether passive microrheology based on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is a suitable tool to study model systems of artificial lipid vesicles exhibiting LLPS, and more generally also other heterogeneous biomolecular fluids. We show that by adding highly scattering tracer particles to the solution, valuable information on the single vesicle as well as collective dynamics can be inferred. While the correlation functions reveal freely diffusing tracer particles in solutions at low CaCl[Formula: see text] concentrations, the relaxation rate [Formula: see text] shows a nonlinear dependence on [Formula: see text] at a higher concentration of around 8 mM CaCl[Formula: see text], characterised by two linear regimes with a broad cross-over. We explain this finding based on arrested diffusion in percolating vesicle clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Czajka
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Neuhaus
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jette Alfken
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Stammer
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuriy Chushkin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Diego Pontoni
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Narayanan T, Chèvremont W, Zinn T. Small-angle X-ray scattering in the era of fourth-generation light sources. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:939-946. [PMID: 37555224 PMCID: PMC10405582 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723004971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, fourth-generation synchrotron sources with several orders of magnitude higher brightness and higher degree of coherence compared with third-generation sources have come into operation. These new X-ray sources offer exciting opportunities for the investigation of soft matter and biological specimens by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and related scattering methods. The improved beam properties together with the advanced pixel array detectors readily enhance the angular resolution of SAXS and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering in the pinhole collimation. The high degree of coherence is a major boost for the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) technique, enabling the equilibrium dynamics to be probed over broader time and length scales. This article presents some representative examples illustrating the performance of SAXS and XPCS with the Extremely Brilliant Source at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The rapid onset of radiation damage is a significant challenge with the vast majority of samples, and appropriate protocols need to be adopted for circumventing this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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7
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Zinn T, Sharpnack L, Narayanan T. Dynamics of magnetic Janus colloids studied by ultra small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2311-2318. [PMID: 36415911 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The orientation behavior and the translational dynamics of spherical magnetic silica-nickel Janus colloids in an external magnetic field have been studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at ultra small-angles. For weak applied fields and at low volume fractions, the particle dynamics is dominated by Brownian motion even though the net magnetic moments of the individual particles are aligned in the direction of the field as indicated by the anisotropy in the small-angle scattering patterns. For higher fields the magnetic forces result in more complex structural changes with nickel caps of Janus particles pointing predominantly along the applied magnetic field. The alignment ultimately leads to chain-like configurations and the intensity-intensity autocorrelation functions, g2(q,t), show a second slower decay which becomes more pronounced at higher volume fractions. A direction dependent analysis of g2(q,t) revealed a faster than exponential decay perpendicular to the field which is related to the sedimentation of magnetically ordered domains. The corresponding velocity fluctuations could be decoupled from the diffusion of particles by decomposing g2(q,t) into advective and diffusive contributions. Finally, the particle dynamics becomes anisotropic at higher volume fractions and strong magnetic fields. The derived translational diffusion coefficients indicate slower particle dynamics perpendicular to the field as compared to the parallel direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zinn
- The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France.
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8
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Zhang Q, Hu G, Starchenko V, Wan G, Dufresne EM, Dong Y, Liu H, Zhou H, Jeen H, Saritas K, Krogel JT, Reboredo FA, Lee HN, Sandy AR, Almazan IC, Ganesh P, Fong DD. Phase Transition Dynamics in a Complex Oxide Heterostructure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:235701. [PMID: 36563221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.235701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of defects in the complex oxides is key to controlling myriad ionic and electronic properties in these multifunctional materials. The observation of defect dynamics, however, requires a unique probe-one sensitive to the configuration of defects as well as its time evolution. Here, we present measurements of oxygen vacancy ordering in epitaxial thin films of SrCoO_{x} and the brownmillerite-perovskite phase transition employing x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. These and associated synchrotron measurements and theory calculations reveal the close interaction between the kinetics and the dynamics of the phase transition, showing how spatial and temporal fluctuations of heterointerface evolve during the transformation process. The energetics of the transition are correlated with the behavior of oxygen vacancies, and the dimensionality of the transformation is shown to depend strongly on whether the phase is undergoing oxidation or reduction. The experimental and theoretical methods described here are broadly applicable to in situ measurements of dynamic phase behavior and demonstrate how coherence may be employed for novel studies of the complex oxides as enabled by the arrival of fourth-generation hard x-ray coherent light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingteng Zhang
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Guoxiang Hu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York 11367, USA
| | - Vitalii Starchenko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Gang Wan
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yongqi Dong
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Huajun Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Hyoungjeen Jeen
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Kayahan Saritas
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jaron T Krogel
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Fernando A Reboredo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Alec R Sandy
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Irene Calvo Almazan
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Dillon D Fong
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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9
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Chushkin Y, Gulotta A, Roosen-Runge F, Pal A, Stradner A, Schurtenberger P. Probing Cage Relaxation in Concentrated Protein Solutions by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:238001. [PMID: 36563210 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.238001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion of proteins on length scales of their size is crucial for understanding the machinery of living cells. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is currently the only way to access long-time collective diffusion on these length scales, but radiation damage so far limits the use in biological systems. We apply a new approach to use XPCS to measure cage relaxation in crowded α-crystallin solutions. This allows us to correct for radiation effects, obtain missing information on long time diffusion, and support the fundamental analogy between protein and colloid dynamical arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Chushkin
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alessandro Gulotta
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Felix Roosen-Runge
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Sweden
| | - Antara Pal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Stradner
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Institute of advanced Neutron and X-ray Science LINXS, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Schurtenberger
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Institute of advanced Neutron and X-ray Science LINXS, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Pal A, Kamal MA, Schurtenberger P. Structure and anisotropic dynamics of stimuli responsive colloidal ellipsoids at the nearest neighbor length scale. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 621:352-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Structural and dynamical aspects of extremely swollen lyotropic phases. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Timmermann S, Starostin V, Girelli A, Ragulskaya A, Rahmann H, Reiser M, Begam N, Randolph L, Sprung M, Westermeier F, Zhang F, Schreiber F, Gutt C. Automated matching of two-time X-ray photon correlation maps from phase-separating proteins with Cahn-Hilliard-type simulations using auto-encoder networks. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:751-757. [PMID: 35974741 PMCID: PMC9348880 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722004435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning methods are used for an automated classification of experimental two-time X-ray photon correlation maps from an arrested liquid-liquid phase separation of a protein solution. The correlation maps are matched with correlation maps generated with Cahn-Hilliard-type simulations of liquid-liquid phase separations according to two simulation parameters and in the last step interpreted in the framework of the simulation. The matching routine employs an auto-encoder network and a differential evolution based algorithm. The method presented here is a first step towards handling large amounts of dynamic data measured at high-brilliance synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser sources, facilitating fast comparison with phase field models of phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Timmermann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Starostin
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Ragulskaya
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rahmann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Randolph
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
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13
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Narayanan T, Sztucki M, Zinn T, Kieffer J, Homs-Puron A, Gorini J, Van Vaerenbergh P, Boesecke P. Performance of the time-resolved ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering beamline with the Extremely Brilliant Source. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:98-111. [PMID: 35145357 PMCID: PMC8805168 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721012693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The new technical features and enhanced performance of the ID02 beamline with the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) at the ESRF are described. The beamline enables static and kinetic investigations of a broad range of systems from ångström to micrometre size scales and down to the sub-millisecond time range by combining different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in a single instrument. In addition, a nearly coherent beam obtained in the high-resolution mode allows multispeckle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements down to the microsecond range over the ultra-small- and small-angle regions. While the scattering vector (of magnitude q) range covered is the same as before, 0.001 ≤ q ≤ 50 nm-1 for an X-ray wavelength of 1 Å, the EBS permits relaxation of the collimation conditions, thereby obtaining a higher flux throughput and lower background. In particular, a coherent photon flux in excess of 1012 photons s-1 can be routinely obtained, allowing dynamic studies of relatively dilute samples. The enhanced beam properties are complemented by advanced pixel-array detectors and high-throughput data reduction pipelines. All these developments together open new opportunities for structural, dynamic and kinetic investigations of out-of-equilibrium soft matter and biophysical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
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14
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Enhanced microscopic dynamics in mucus gels under a mechanical load in the linear viscoelastic regime. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103995118. [PMID: 34728565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103995118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is a biological gel covering the surface of several tissues and ensuring key biological functions, including as a protective barrier against dehydration, pathogen penetration, or gastric acids. Mucus biological functioning requires a finely tuned balance between solid-like and fluid-like mechanical response, ensured by reversible bonds between mucins, the glycoproteins that form the gel. In living organisms, mucus is subject to various kinds of mechanical stresses, e.g., due to osmosis, bacterial penetration, coughing, and gastric peristalsis. However, our knowledge of the effects of stress on mucus is still rudimentary and mostly limited to macroscopic rheological measurements, with no insight into the relevant microscopic mechanisms. Here, we run mechanical tests simultaneously to measurements of the microscopic dynamics of pig gastric mucus. Strikingly, we find that a modest shear stress, within the macroscopic rheological linear regime, dramatically enhances mucus reorganization at the microscopic level, as signaled by a transient acceleration of the microscopic dynamics, by up to 2 orders of magnitude. We rationalize these findings by proposing a simple, yet general, model for the dynamics of physical gels under strain and validate its assumptions through numerical simulations of spring networks. These results shed light on the rearrangement dynamics of mucus at the microscopic scale, with potential implications in phenomena ranging from mucus clearance to bacterial and drug penetration.
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15
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From Femtoseconds to Hours—Measuring Dynamics over 18 Orders of Magnitude with Coherent X-rays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11136179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) enables the study of sample dynamics between micrometer and atomic length scales. As a coherent scattering technique, it benefits from the increased brilliance of the next-generation synchrotron radiation and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) sources. In this article, we will introduce the XPCS concepts and review the latest developments of XPCS with special attention on the extension of accessible time scales to sub-μs and the application of XPCS at FELs. Furthermore, we will discuss future opportunities of XPCS and the related technique X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy (XSVS) at new X-ray sources. Due to its particular signal-to-noise ratio, the time scales accessible by XPCS scale with the square of the coherent flux, allowing to dramatically extend its applications. This will soon enable studies over more than 18 orders of magnitude in time by XPCS and XSVS.
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16
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Zhang Q, Dufresne EM, Nakaye Y, Jemian PR, Sakumura T, Sakuma Y, Ferrara JD, Maj P, Hassan A, Bahadur D, Ramakrishnan S, Khan F, Veseli S, Sandy AR, Schwarz N, Narayanan S. 20 µs-resolved high-throughput X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy on a 500k pixel detector enabled by data-management workflow. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:259-265. [PMID: 33399576 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520014319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the new 52 kHz frame rate Rigaku XSPA-500k detector was characterized on beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) applications. Due to the large data flow produced by this detector (0.2 PB of data per 24 h of continuous operation), a workflow system was deployed that uses the Advanced Photon Source data-management (DM) system and high-performance software to rapidly reduce area-detector data to multi-tau and two-time correlation functions in near real time, providing human-in-the-loop feedback to experimenters. The utility and performance of the workflow system are demonstrated via its application to a variety of small-angle XPCS measurements acquired from different detectors in different XPCS measurement modalities. The XSPA-500k detector, the software and the DM workflow system allow for the efficient acquisition and reduction of up to ∼109 area-detector data frames per day, facilitating the application of XPCS to measuring samples with weak scattering and fast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yasukazu Nakaye
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pete R Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Takuto Sakumura
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakuma
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joseph D Ferrara
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Piotr Maj
- AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Asra Hassan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Divya Bahadur
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Subramanian Ramakrishnan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Faisal Khan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sinisa Veseli
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alec R Sandy
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas Schwarz
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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17
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X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy with Coherent Nanobeams: A Numerical Study. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy accesses a wide variety of dynamic phenomena at the nanoscale by studying the temporal correlations among photons that are scattered by a material in dynamical equilibrium when it is illuminated with a coherent X-ray beam. The information that is obtained is averaged over the illuminated area, which is generally of the order of several square microns. We propose here that more local information can be obtained by using nanobeams with great potential for the study of heterogeneous systems and show the feasibility of this approach with the support of numerical simulations.
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18
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Narayanan T, Dattani R, Möller J, Kwaśniewski P. A microvolume shear cell for combined rheology and x-ray scattering experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:085102. [PMID: 32872916 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An experimental setup is presented for x-ray scattering studies of soft matter under shear flow that employs a low-background coaxial capillary cell coupled to a high-resolution commercial rheometer. The rotor of the Searle type cell is attached to the rheometer shaft, which allows the application of either steady or oscillatory shear of controlled stress or rate on the sample confined in the annular space between the stator and the rotor. The shearing device facilitates ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering and ultrasmall-angle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements with relatively low scattering backgrounds. This enables the elucidation of weak structural features otherwise submerged in the background and probes the underlying dynamics. The performance of the setup is demonstrated by means of a variety of colloidal systems subjected to different rheological protocols. Examples include shear deformation of a short-range attractive colloidal gel, dynamics of dilute colloids in shear flow, distortion of the structure factor of a dense repulsive colloidal suspension, shear induced ordering of colloidal crystals, and alignment of multilamellar microtubes formed by a surfactant-polysaccharide mixture. Finally, the new possibilities offered by this setup for investigating soft matter subjected to shear flow by x-ray scattering are discussed.
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19
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Narayanan T, Konovalov O. Synchrotron Scattering Methods for Nanomaterials and Soft Matter Research. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E752. [PMID: 32041363 PMCID: PMC7040635 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of broad range of applications of synchrotron scattering methods in the investigation of nanoscale materials. These scattering techniques allow the elucidation of the structure and dynamics of nanomaterials from sub-nm to micron size scales and down to sub-millisecond time ranges both in bulk and at interfaces. A major advantage of scattering methods is that they provide the ensemble averaged information under in situ and operando conditions. As a result, they are complementary to various imaging techniques which reveal more local information. Scattering methods are particularly suitable for probing buried structures that are difficult to image. Although, many qualitative features can be directly extracted from scattering data, derivation of detailed structural and dynamical information requires quantitative modeling. The fourth-generation synchrotron sources open new possibilities for investigating these complex systems by exploiting the enhanced brightness and coherence properties of X-rays.
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20
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Möller J, Sprung M, Madsen A, Gutt C. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy of protein dynamics at nearly diffraction-limited storage rings. IUCRJ 2019; 6:794-803. [PMID: 31576213 PMCID: PMC6760446 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519008273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the possibility of measuring the dynamics of proteins in solution using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) at nearly diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs). We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of XPCS experiments from a concentrated lysozyme solution at the length scale of the hydrodynamic radius of the protein molecule. We take into account limitations given by the critical X-ray dose and find expressions for the SNR as a function of beam size, sample-to-detector distance and photon energy. Specifically, we show that the combined increase in coherent flux and coherence lengths at the DLSR PETRA IV yields an increase in SNR of more than one order of magnitude. The resulting SNR values indicate that XPCS experiments of biological macromolecules on nanometre length scales will become feasible with the advent of a new generation of synchrotron sources. Our findings provide valuable input for the design and construction of future XPCS beamlines at DLSRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Möller
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
- Correspondence e-mail:
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21
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Möller J, Reiser M, Hallmann J, Boesenberg U, Zozulya A, Rahmann H, Becker AL, Westermeier F, Zinn T, Zontone F, Gutt C, Madsen A. Implications of disturbed photon-counting statistics of Eiger detectors for X-ray speckle visibility experiments. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1705-1715. [PMID: 31490162 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519006349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on coherent scattering experiments in the low-count regime with less than one photon per pixel per acquisition on average, conducted with two detectors based on the Eiger single-photon-counting chip. The obtained photon-count distributions show systematic deviations from the expected Poisson-gamma distribution, which result in a strong overestimation of the measured speckle contrast. It is shown that these deviations originate from an artificial increase of double-photon events, which is proportional to the detected intensity and inversely proportional to the exposure time. The observed miscounting effect may have important implications for new coherent scattering experiments emerging with the advent of high-brilliance X-ray sources. Different correction schemes are discussed in order to obtain the correct photon distributions from the data. A successful correction is demonstrated with the measurement of Brownian motion from colloidal particles using X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Möller
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrike Boesenberg
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alexey Zozulya
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rahmann
- Department Physik, University Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, University Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
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22
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Narayanan T, Sztucki M, Van Vaerenbergh P, Léonardon J, Gorini J, Claustre L, Sever F, Morse J, Boesecke P. A multipurpose instrument for time-resolved ultra-small-angle and coherent X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51:1511-1524. [PMID: 30546286 PMCID: PMC6276275 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718012748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the main technical features and performance of the upgraded beamline ID02 at the ESRF. The beamline combines different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in one unique instrument, enabling static and kinetic investigations from ångström to micrometre size scales and time resolution down to the sub-millisecond range. The main component of the instrument is an evacuated detector tube of length 34 m and diameter 2 m. Several different detectors are housed inside a motorized wagon that travels along a rail system, allowing an automated change of the sample-detector distance from about 1 to 31 m as well as selection of the desired detector. For optional combined wide-angle scattering measurements, a wide-angle detector is installed at the entrance cone of the tube. A scattering vector (of magnitude q) range of 0.002 ≤ q ≤ 50 nm-1 is covered with two sample-detector distances and a single-beam setting for an X-ray wavelength of 1 Å. In the high-resolution mode, two-dimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering patterns down to q < 0.001 nm-1 can be recorded, and the resulting one-dimensional profiles have superior quality as compared to those measured with an optimized Bonse-Hart instrument. In the highest-resolution mode, the beam is nearly coherent, thereby permitting multispeckle ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements. The main applications of the instrument include the elucidation of static and transient hierarchical structures, and nonequilibrium dynamics in soft matter and biophysical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Franc Sever
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - John Morse
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
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