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Kamal MA, Brizioli M, Zinn T, Narayanan T, Cerbino R, Giavazzi F, Pal A. Dynamics of anisotropic colloidal systems: What to choose, DLS, DDM or XPCS? J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:314-320. [PMID: 38244498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of the dynamics of colloids in bulk can be hindered by issues such as multiple scattering and sample opacity. These challenges are exacerbated when dealing with inorganic materials. In this study, we employed a model system of Akaganeite colloidal rods to assess three leading dynamics measurement techniques: 3D-(depolarized) dynamic light scattering (3D-(D)DLS), polarized-differential dynamic microscopy (P-DDM), and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). Our analysis revealed that the translational and rotational diffusion coefficients captured by these methods show a remarkable alignment. Additionally, by examining the q-ranges and maximum volume fractions for each approach, we offer insights into the best technique for investigating the dynamics of anisotropic systems at the colloidal scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arif Kamal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matteo Brizioli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Fabio Giavazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antara Pal
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; MAX IV Laboratory, Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Pignon F, Guilbert E, Mandin S, Hengl N, Karrouch M, Jean B, Putaux JL, Gibaud T, Manneville S, Narayanan T. Orthotropic organization of a cellulose nanocrystal suspension realized via the combined action of frontal ultrafiltration and ultrasound as revealed by in situ SAXS. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:914-925. [PMID: 38219310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Rodlike cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit significant potential as building blocks for creating uniform, sustainable materials. However, a critical hurdle lies in the need to enhance existing or devise novel processing that provides improved control over the alignment and arrangement of CNCs across a wide spatial range. Specifically, the challenge is to achieve orthotropic organization in a single-step processing, which entails creating non-uniform CNC orientations to generate spatial variations in anisotropy. EXPERIMENTS A novel processing method combining frontal ultrafiltration (FU) and ultrasound (US) has been developed. A dedicated channel-cell was designed to simultaneously generate (1) a vertical acoustic force thanks to a vibrating blade at the top and (2) a transmembrane pressure force at the bottom. Time-resolved in situ small-angle X-ray scattering permitted to probe the dynamical structural organization/orientation of CNCs during the processing. FINDINGS For the first time, a typical three-layer orthotropic structure that resembles the articular cartilage organization was achieved in one step during the FU/US process: a first layer composed of CNCs having their director aligned parallel to the horizontal membrane surface, a second intermediate isotropic layer, and a third layer of CNCs with their director vertically oriented along the direction of US wave propagation direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Pignon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Emilie Guilbert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Mandin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Hengl
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed Karrouch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Jean
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Gibaud
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Sebastien Manneville
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
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Chèvremont W, Narayanan T. A correction procedure for secondary scattering contributions from windows in small-angle X-ray scattering and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:440-445. [PMID: 38596721 PMCID: PMC11001404 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576724001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This article describes a correction procedure for the removal of indirect background contributions to measured small-angle X-ray scattering patterns. The high scattering power of a sample in the ultra-small-angle region may serve as a secondary source for a window placed in front of the detector. The resulting secondary scattering appears as a sample-dependent background in the measured pattern that cannot be directly subtracted. This is an intricate problem in measurements at ultra-low angles, which can significantly reduce the useful dynamic range of detection. Two different procedures are presented to retrieve the real scattering profile of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chèvremont
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
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4
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Narayanan T. Recent advances in synchrotron scattering methods for probing the structure and dynamics of colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103114. [PMID: 38452431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress in synchrotron based X-ray scattering methods applied to colloid science is reviewed. An important figure of merit of these techniques is that they enable in situ investigations of colloidal systems under the desired thermophysical and rheological conditions. An ensemble averaged simultaneous structural and dynamical information can be derived albeit in reciprocal space. Significant improvements in X-ray source brilliance and advances in detector technology have overcome some of the limitations in the past. Notably coherent X-ray scattering techniques have become more competitive and they provide complementary information to laboratory based real space methods. For a system with sufficient scattering contrast, size ranges from nm to several μm and time scales down to μs are now amenable to X-ray scattering investigations. A wide variety of sample environments can be combined with scattering experiments further enriching the science that could be pursued by means of advanced X-ray scattering instruments. Some of these recent progresses are illustrated via representative examples. To derive quantitative information from the scattering data, rigorous data analysis or modeling is required. Development of powerful computational tools including the use of artificial intelligence have become the emerging trend.
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Manna G, Zinn T, Sharpnack L, Narayanan T. Orientational ordering and assembly of silica-nickel Janus particles in a magnetic field. IUCrJ 2024; 11:109-119. [PMID: 38099813 PMCID: PMC10833383 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252301000x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The orientation ordering and assembly behavior of silica-nickel Janus particles in a static external magnetic field were probed by ultra small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS). Even in a weak applied field, the net magnetic moments of the individual particles aligned in the direction of the field, as indicated by the anisotropy in the recorded USAXS patterns. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements on these suspensions revealed that the corresponding particle dynamics are primarily Brownian diffusion [Zinn, Sharpnack & Narayanan (2023). Soft Matter, 19, 2311-2318]. At higher fields, the magnetic forces led to chain-like configurations of particles, as indicated by an additional feature in the USAXS pattern. A theoretical framework is provided for the quantitative interpretation of the observed anisotropic scattering diagrams and the corresponding degree of orientation. No anisotropy was detected when the magnetic field was applied along the beam direction, which is also replicated by the model. The method presented here could be useful for the interpretation of oriented scattering patterns from a wide variety of particulate systems. The combination of USAXS and XPCS is a powerful approach for investigating asymmetric colloidal particles in external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
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6
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Chèvremont W, Zinn T, Narayanan T. Improvement of ultra-small-angle XPCS with the Extremely Brilliant Source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2024; 31:65-76. [PMID: 37933847 PMCID: PMC10833426 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523008627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical developments and the performance of the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) method over the ultra-small-angle range with the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) at the ESRF are described. With higher monochromatic coherent photon flux (∼1012 photons s-1) provided by the EBS and the availability of a fast pixel array detector (EIGER 500K detector operating at 23000 frames s-1), XPCS has become more competitive for probing faster dynamics in relatively dilute suspensions. One of the goals of the present development is to increase the user-friendliness of the method. This is achieved by means of a Python-based graphical user interface that enables online visualization and analysis of the processed data. The improved performance of XPCS on the Time-Resolved Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering instrument (ID02 beamline) is demonstrated using dilute model colloidal suspensions in several different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chèvremont
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
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7
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Caremani M, Fusi L, Reconditi M, Piazzesi G, Narayanan T, Irving M, Lombardi V, Linari M, Brunello E. Dependence of myosin filament structure on intracellular calcium concentration in skeletal muscle. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313393. [PMID: 37756601 PMCID: PMC10533363 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraction of skeletal muscle is triggered by an increase in intracellular calcium concentration that relieves the structural block on actin-binding sites in resting muscle, potentially allowing myosin motors to bind and generate force. However, most myosin motors are not available for actin binding because they are stabilized in folded helical tracks on the surface of myosin-containing thick filaments. High-force contraction depends on the release of the folded motors, which can be triggered by stress in the thick filament backbone, but additional mechanisms may link the activation of the thick filaments to that of the thin filaments or to intracellular calcium concentration. Here, we used x-ray diffraction in combination with temperature-jump activation to determine the steady-state calcium dependence of thick filament structure and myosin motor conformation in near-physiological conditions. We found that x-ray signals associated with the perpendicular motors characteristic of isometric force generation had almost the same calcium sensitivity as force, but x-ray signals associated with perturbations in the folded myosin helix had a much higher calcium sensitivity. Moreover, a new population of myosin motors with a longer axial periodicity became prominent at low levels of calcium activation and may represent an intermediate regulatory state of the myosin motors in the physiological pathway of filament activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Fusi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Reconditi
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Malcolm Irving
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marco Linari
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brunello
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London, UK
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8
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Pommella A, Griffiths P, Coativy G, Dalmas F, Ranoo S, Schmidt AM, Méchin F, Bernard J, Zinn T, Narayanan T, Meille S, Baeza GP. Fate of Magnetic Nanoparticles during Stimulated Healing of Thermoplastic Elastomers. ACS Nano 2023; 17:17394-17404. [PMID: 37578990 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the heating mechanism in industrially relevant, multi-block copolymers filled with Fe nanoparticles and subjected to an oscillatory magnetic field that enables polymer healing in a contactless manner. While this procedure aims to extend the lifetime of a wide range of thermoplastic polymers, repeated or prolonged stimulus healing is likely to modify their structure, mechanics, and ability to heat, which must therefore be characterized in depth. In particular, our work sheds light on the physical origin of the secondary heating mechanism detected in soft systems subjected to magnetic hyperthermia and triggered by copolymer chain dissociation. In spite of earlier observations, the origin of this additional heating remained unclear. By using both static and dynamic X-ray scattering methods (small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, respectively), we demonstrate that beyond magnetic hysteresis losses, the enormous drop of viscosity at the polymer melting temperature enables motion of nanoparticles that generates additional heat through friction. Additionally, we show that applying induction heating for a few minutes is found to magnetize the nanoparticles, which causes them to align in dipolar chains and leads to nonmonotonic translational dynamics. By extrapolating these observations to rotational dynamics and the corresponding amount of heat generated through friction, we not only clarify the origin of the secondary heating mechanism but also rationalize the presence of a possible temperature maximum observed during induction heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Pommella
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Pablo Griffiths
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LGEF, EA682, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Gildas Coativy
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LGEF, EA682, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Florent Dalmas
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Surojit Ranoo
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Annette M Schmidt
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Françoise Méchin
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne Cédex F-69621, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne Cédex F-69621, France
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvain Meille
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Guilhem P Baeza
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
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9
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Gibaud A, Younas D, Matthews L, Narayanan T, Longkaew K, Hageberg IU, Chushkin Y, Breiby DW, Chattopadhyay B. Insights into the precipitation kinetics of CaCO 3 particles in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1114-1124. [PMID: 37555223 PMCID: PMC10405600 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723005356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as an additive was examined by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in a flow system that mimics experimental conditions used at home facilities where the precipitation can be achieved in a beaker. The experiments were carried out at low concentrations to remain in the dilute regime. A model-independent analysis was performed using the Porod invariant which defines the scale factor, leaving only the distribution of radii as the adjustable parameter. The presence of the PSS additive strongly retards the precipitation of CaCO3 NPs. The formation of NPs reaches a state of equilibrium after a few minutes. Here, it is shown that the concentration of precursors at a fixed PSS concentration plays a key role in determining the size of the NPs obtained. A full analysis of the SAXS patterns was carried out using the Hurd-Flower model to account for the weaker intensity decay than the classical Porod behaviour. The temporal evolution of the particle radii was determined. Wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments carried out simultaneously show that the particles formed have the structure of vaterite with growth consistent with the evolution of the Porod invariant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gibaud
- IMMM, Le Mans Université, Bld O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, Cedex 9, France
| | - D. Younas
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - L. Matthews
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - T. Narayanan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - K. Longkaew
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - I. U. Hageberg
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Y. Chushkin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - D. W. Breiby
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - B. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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10
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Narayanan T, Chèvremont W, Zinn T. Small-angle X-ray scattering in the era of fourth-generation light sources. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:939-946. [PMID: 37555224 PMCID: PMC10405582 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723004971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, fourth-generation synchrotron sources with several orders of magnitude higher brightness and higher degree of coherence compared with third-generation sources have come into operation. These new X-ray sources offer exciting opportunities for the investigation of soft matter and biological specimens by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and related scattering methods. The improved beam properties together with the advanced pixel array detectors readily enhance the angular resolution of SAXS and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering in the pinhole collimation. The high degree of coherence is a major boost for the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) technique, enabling the equilibrium dynamics to be probed over broader time and length scales. This article presents some representative examples illustrating the performance of SAXS and XPCS with the Extremely Brilliant Source at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The rapid onset of radiation damage is a significant challenge with the vast majority of samples, and appropriate protocols need to be adopted for circumventing this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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11
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Hörmann AF, Feoktystov A, Narayanan T, Gummel J, Gradzielski M. High unimer concentration and asymmetric bilayer observed in small unilamellar vesicles of mixed surfactants TDMAO/LiPFO. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2893728. [PMID: 37260010 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mixed surfactant system of tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (TDMAO) and lithium perfluorooctanoate (LiPFO) is known to spontaneously self-assemble into well-defined small unilamellar vesicles. For a quantitative analysis of small-angle x-ray scattering on this model system, we complemented the measurements with densitometry, conductimetry, and contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering. The analysis points to two main findings: first, the vesicles formed to contain a much higher mole fraction (0.61-0.64) of TDMAO than the bulk sample (0.43) and predicted by Regular Solution Theory (RST, 0.46). In consequence, the unimer concentration of LiPFO is more than 5 times higher than predicted by RST. Second, the vesicle bilayer is asymmetric with a higher fraction of LiPFO on the outside. These findings on a model system should be of broader relevance for the understanding of similar mixed surfactant vesicle systems and thereby also be of importance for their use in a number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja F Hörmann
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jeremie Gummel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Zinn T, Sharpnack L, Narayanan T. Dynamics of magnetic Janus colloids studied by ultra small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Soft Matter 2023; 19:2311-2318. [PMID: 36415911 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The orientation behavior and the translational dynamics of spherical magnetic silica-nickel Janus colloids in an external magnetic field have been studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at ultra small-angles. For weak applied fields and at low volume fractions, the particle dynamics is dominated by Brownian motion even though the net magnetic moments of the individual particles are aligned in the direction of the field as indicated by the anisotropy in the small-angle scattering patterns. For higher fields the magnetic forces result in more complex structural changes with nickel caps of Janus particles pointing predominantly along the applied magnetic field. The alignment ultimately leads to chain-like configurations and the intensity-intensity autocorrelation functions, g2(q,t), show a second slower decay which becomes more pronounced at higher volume fractions. A direction dependent analysis of g2(q,t) revealed a faster than exponential decay perpendicular to the field which is related to the sedimentation of magnetically ordered domains. The corresponding velocity fluctuations could be decoupled from the diffusion of particles by decomposing g2(q,t) into advective and diffusive contributions. Finally, the particle dynamics becomes anisotropic at higher volume fractions and strong magnetic fields. The derived translational diffusion coefficients indicate slower particle dynamics perpendicular to the field as compared to the parallel direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zinn
- The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France.
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Lu Z, Rébiscoul D, Narayanan T, Zemb T. Specific analysis of highly absorbing nanoporous powder by small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:1154-1163. [PMID: 36249511 PMCID: PMC9533747 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722006987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of grain facet reflectivity and scattering from the bulk of a grain of highly absorbing material were calculated as a function of sample characteristics. To test these results, the scattering intensity of a grain of microporous ThO2 was experimentally characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering using a synchrotron source. In addition, a new experimental method to probe the porous texture of nanoporous powders of highly absorbing compounds using a laboratory X-ray instrument has been proposed. The characterization of nanoporous powders of highly absorbing compounds by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) involves overcoming several difficulties before quantitative information related to the porous texture, such as the specific surface and the porous volume, can be derived. In this article, first, the contribution of the grain facet reflectivity and scattering from the bulk of a grain with the density of ThO2, a highly absorbing material, were calculated. Microporous ThO2 powder having micrometric grain size was characterized, in which the scattering signal is predominant. A high-resolution synchrotron instrument was used in order to cover a wider q range and minimize the absorption effect, and the results were compared with those obtained using a laboratory X-ray source. Concerning the absorption problem existing with a laboratory X-ray source, a new and robust experimental method was proposed to correctly determine the scattering intensity of the highly absorbing granular samples on an absolute scale. This method allows one to calculate accurately the porous volume and the specific surface via Porod’s law and the invariant using a laboratory SAXS instrument. This last result opens new perspectives for the characterization of the volume and the specific surface of highly absorbing actinide oxide powders.
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14
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Ovejero JG, Fusi L, Park-Holohan SJ, Ghisleni A, Narayanan T, Irving M, Brunello E. Cooling intact and demembranated trabeculae from rat heart releases myosin motors from their inhibited conformation. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:212988. [PMID: 35089319 PMCID: PMC8823665 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin filament–based regulation supplements actin filament–based regulation to control the strength and speed of contraction in heart muscle. In diastole, myosin motors form a folded helical array that inhibits actin interaction; during contraction, they are released from that array. A similar structural transition has been observed in mammalian skeletal muscle, in which cooling below physiological temperature has been shown to reproduce some of the structural features of the activation of myosin filaments during active contraction. Here, we used small-angle x-ray diffraction to characterize the structural changes in the myosin filaments associated with cooling of resting and relaxed trabeculae from the right ventricle of rat hearts from 39°C to 7°C. In intact quiescent trabeculae, cooling disrupted the folded helical conformation of the myosin motors and induced extension of the filament backbone, as observed in the transition from diastole to peak systolic force at 27°C. Demembranation of trabeculae in relaxing conditions induced expansion of the filament lattice, but the structure of the myosin filaments was mostly preserved at 39°C. Cooling of relaxed demembranated trabeculae induced changes in motor conformation and filament structure similar to those observed in intact quiescent trabeculae. Osmotic compression of the filament lattice to restore its spacing to that of intact trabeculae at 39°C stabilized the helical folded state against disruption by cooling. The myosin filament structure and motor conformation of intact trabeculae at 39°C were largely preserved in demembranated trabeculae at 27°C or above in the presence of Dextran, allowing the physiological mechanisms of myosin filament–based regulation to be studied in those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus G Ovejero
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luca Fusi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - So-Jin Park-Holohan
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Ghisleni
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Malcolm Irving
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabetta Brunello
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Narayanan T, Sztucki M, Zinn T, Kieffer J, Homs-Puron A, Gorini J, Van Vaerenbergh P, Boesecke P. Performance of the time-resolved ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering beamline with the Extremely Brilliant Source. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:98-111. [PMID: 35145357 PMCID: PMC8805168 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721012693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The new technical features and enhanced performance of the ID02 beamline with the Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) at the ESRF are described. The beamline enables static and kinetic investigations of a broad range of systems from ångström to micrometre size scales and down to the sub-millisecond time range by combining different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in a single instrument. In addition, a nearly coherent beam obtained in the high-resolution mode allows multispeckle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements down to the microsecond range over the ultra-small- and small-angle regions. While the scattering vector (of magnitude q) range covered is the same as before, 0.001 ≤ q ≤ 50 nm-1 for an X-ray wavelength of 1 Å, the EBS permits relaxation of the collimation conditions, thereby obtaining a higher flux throughput and lower background. In particular, a coherent photon flux in excess of 1012 photons s-1 can be routinely obtained, allowing dynamic studies of relatively dilute samples. The enhanced beam properties are complemented by advanced pixel-array detectors and high-throughput data reduction pipelines. All these developments together open new opportunities for structural, dynamic and kinetic investigations of out-of-equilibrium soft matter and biophysical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
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16
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Squarci C, Bianco P, Reconditi M, Pertici I, Caremani M, Narayanan T, Horvath AI, Malnasi-Csizmadia A, Linari M, Lombardi V, Piazzesi G. Passive and active mechanical properties of titin studied in intact frog muscle fibers upon inhibition of myosin motors by para-nitro-blebbistatin. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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17
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Takahashi R, Narayanan T, Yusa SI, Sato T. Formation Kinetics of Polymer Vesicles from Spherical and Cylindrical Micelles Bearing the Polyelectrolyte Complex Core Studied by Time-Resolved USAXS and SAXS. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Takahashi
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38043, France
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | | | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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18
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Matthews L, Narayanan T. High-resolution structural elucidation of extremely swollen lyotropic phases. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:359-367. [PMID: 34923273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled lyotropic phases are important in a variety of applications, in particular microemulsions are essential for formulation science. A spectacular situation arises when microemulsions are made to swell by systematically increasing the bending modulus of the surfactant film separating the oil and water regions. In an attempt to realize such extremely swollen microemulsion phases, Peter et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett., 76 (1996) 3866] found a variety of lyotropic phases including a long-range ordered three-dimensional cubic phase over a narrow section of the complex phase diagram of a pseudo-quaternary system composed of decane, brine, octanol, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. In this work, the same region of the phase diagram was reinvestigated using high-resolution small-angle X-ray scattering (HR-SAXS) and rheo-SAXS, which is an important technical aspect for homogenizing the sample and orienting the structural units. Whilst the formation of a swollen two-dimensional hexagonal phase was observed, the structural features of a cubic phase were not detected. The long correlation lengths noted prior were also seen here, over 2000 nm for the hexagonal phase, taken from rheo-SAXS measurements. Based on the measurements covering more than three orders of magnitude in scattering vector, the structure appeared to be an organization of elongated swollen emulsion droplets, which could form an interconnected structure, dense liquid-like order, or further order into a hexagonal morphology with unusually large lattice spacings for a surfactant system.
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19
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Royes J, Bjørnestad VA, Brun G, Narayanan T, Lund R, Tribet C. Transition kinetics of mixed lipid:photosurfactant assemblies studied by time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:830-841. [PMID: 34887060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Photoswitchable surfactants are used in the design of many light-responsive colloids and/or self-assemblies. Photo-isomerization enables to control molecular equilibrium, and triggers transient reorganizations with possibly out-of-equilibrium intermediate states that have been overlooked. Here, we address this question by an in depth structural investigation of intermediate lipid-surfactant assemblies that occur during fast isothermal photo-triggered transition in lipid:surfactant mixtures. EXPERIMENTS The structural parameters of mixed assemblies of azobenzene-containing cationic surfactant (AzoTMA) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) lipids were studied by light scattering and time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering. Structural and compositional information about the assemblies and unimers in bulk were determined at the photostationary states, as well as at intermediate kinetic states formed during UV or blue light illumination. FINDINGS DOPC:AzoTMA systems form mixed assemblies representative of phospholipid:cationic surfactant mixtures, that evolve from spheroid, to rod-like micelles, and vesicles with increasing DOPC fraction. Transient assemblies detected during the photo-triggered kinetics are similar to the ones found in stationary states. But changes of AzoTMA unimers in bulk can be considerably faster than mass reorganizations of the mixed assemblies, suggesting that out-of-equilibrium conditions are transiently reached. Mass reorganization of the surfactant-enriched assemblies is much faster than in the lipid enriched ones, providing insight into the role of lipids in a slow reorganization of the assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Royes
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - V A Bjørnestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo N-0315, Norway
| | - G Brun
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - T Narayanan
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - R Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo N-0315, Norway
| | - C Tribet
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
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20
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Pignon F, Challamel M, De Geyer A, Elchamaa M, Semeraro EF, Hengl N, Jean B, Putaux JL, Gicquel E, Bras J, Prevost S, Sztucki M, Narayanan T, Djeridi H. Breakdown and buildup mechanisms of cellulose nanocrystal suspensions under shear and upon relaxation probed by SAXS and SALS. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Narayanan T, Rüter A, Olsson U. Multiscale Structural Elucidation of Peptide Nanotubes by X-Ray Scattering Methods. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:654339. [PMID: 33855016 PMCID: PMC8039368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.654339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review presents the structural investigations of the self-assembled peptide nanotubes using X-ray scattering techniques. As compared to electron microscopy, scattering methods enable studies of nanotubes in solution under the appropriate physicochemical conditions and probe their formation mechanism. In addition, a combination of X-ray scattering methods allow the elucidation of structural organization from the molecular scale to the dimension of nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Rüter
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Abstract
This brief report presents an X-ray scattering investigation of self-assembled nanotubes formed by a short peptide. X-ray scattering methods enable multiscale structural elucidation of these nanotubes in solution under the same conditions involved in the self-assembly process. In particular, the dimensions of nanotubes and the crystalline organization within their walls can be determined quantitatively. This is illustrated in the case of amyloid-β(16-22) peptide nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Rüter
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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23
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Caremani M, Fusi L, Linari M, Reconditi M, Piazzesi G, Irving TC, Narayanan T, Irving M, Lombardi V, Brunello E. Dependence of thick filament structure in relaxed mammalian skeletal muscle on temperature and interfilament spacing. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211664. [PMID: 33416833 PMCID: PMC7802359 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraction of skeletal muscle is regulated by structural changes in both actin-containing thin filaments and myosin-containing thick filaments, but myosin-based regulation is unlikely to be preserved after thick filament isolation, and its structural basis remains poorly characterized. Here, we describe the periodic features of the thick filament structure in situ by high-resolution small-angle x-ray diffraction and interference. We used both relaxed demembranated fibers and resting intact muscle preparations to assess whether thick filament regulation is preserved in demembranated fibers, which have been widely used for previous studies. We show that the thick filaments in both preparations exhibit two closely spaced axial periodicities, 43.1 nm and 45.5 nm, at near-physiological temperature. The shorter periodicity matches that of the myosin helix, and x-ray interference between the two arrays of myosin in the bipolar filament shows that all zones of the filament follow this periodicity. The 45.5-nm repeat has no helical component and originates from myosin layers closer to the filament midpoint associated with the titin super-repeat in that region. Cooling relaxed or resting muscle, which partially mimics the effects of calcium activation on thick filament structure, disrupts the helical order of the myosin motors, and they move out from the filament backbone. Compression of the filament lattice of demembranated fibers by 5% Dextran, which restores interfilament spacing to that in intact muscle, stabilizes the higher-temperature structure. The axial periodicity of the filament backbone increases on cooling, but in lattice-compressed fibers the periodicity of the myosin heads does not follow the extension of the backbone. Thick filament structure in lattice-compressed demembranated fibers at near-physiological temperature is similar to that in intact resting muscle, suggesting that the native structure of the thick filament is largely preserved after demembranation in these conditions, although not in the conditions used for most previous studies with this preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Fusi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Linari
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Reconditi
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Thomas C Irving
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation and Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Malcolm Irving
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elisabetta Brunello
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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24
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Rüter A, Kuczera S, Stenhammar J, Zinn T, Narayanan T, Olsson U. Tube to ribbon transition in a self-assembling model peptide system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18320-18327. [PMID: 32785353 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptides that self-assemble into β-sheet rich aggregates are known to form a large variety of supramolecular shapes, such as ribbons, tubes or sheets. However, the underlying thermodynamic driving forces for such different structures are still not fully understood, limiting their potential applications. In the AnK peptide system (A = alanine, K = lysine), a structural transition from tubes to ribbons has been shown to occur upon an increase of the peptide length, n, from 6 to 8. In this work we analyze this transition by means of a simple thermodynamic model. We consider three energy contributions to the total free energy: an interfacial tension, a penalty for deviating from the optimal β-sheet twist angle, and a hydrogen bond deformation when the β-sheets adopt a specific self-assembled structure. Whilst the first two contributions merely provide similar constant energy offsets, the hydrogen bond deformations differ depending on the studied structure. Consequently, the tube structure is thermodynamically favored for shorter AnK peptides, with a crossover at n≈ 13. This qualitative agreement of the model with the experimental observations shows, that we have achieved a good understanding of the underlying thermodynamic features within the self-assembling AnK system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rüter
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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25
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Narayanan T, Dattani R, Möller J, Kwaśniewski P. A microvolume shear cell for combined rheology and x-ray scattering experiments. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:085102. [PMID: 32872916 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An experimental setup is presented for x-ray scattering studies of soft matter under shear flow that employs a low-background coaxial capillary cell coupled to a high-resolution commercial rheometer. The rotor of the Searle type cell is attached to the rheometer shaft, which allows the application of either steady or oscillatory shear of controlled stress or rate on the sample confined in the annular space between the stator and the rotor. The shearing device facilitates ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering and ultrasmall-angle x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements with relatively low scattering backgrounds. This enables the elucidation of weak structural features otherwise submerged in the background and probes the underlying dynamics. The performance of the setup is demonstrated by means of a variety of colloidal systems subjected to different rheological protocols. Examples include shear deformation of a short-range attractive colloidal gel, dynamics of dilute colloids in shear flow, distortion of the structure factor of a dense repulsive colloidal suspension, shear induced ordering of colloidal crystals, and alignment of multilamellar microtubes formed by a surfactant-polysaccharide mixture. Finally, the new possibilities offered by this setup for investigating soft matter subjected to shear flow by x-ray scattering are discussed.
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26
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Narayanan T, Konovalov O. Synchrotron Scattering Methods for Nanomaterials and Soft Matter Research. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E752. [PMID: 32041363 PMCID: PMC7040635 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of broad range of applications of synchrotron scattering methods in the investigation of nanoscale materials. These scattering techniques allow the elucidation of the structure and dynamics of nanomaterials from sub-nm to micron size scales and down to sub-millisecond time ranges both in bulk and at interfaces. A major advantage of scattering methods is that they provide the ensemble averaged information under in situ and operando conditions. As a result, they are complementary to various imaging techniques which reveal more local information. Scattering methods are particularly suitable for probing buried structures that are difficult to image. Although, many qualitative features can be directly extracted from scattering data, derivation of detailed structural and dynamical information requires quantitative modeling. The fourth-generation synchrotron sources open new possibilities for investigating these complex systems by exploiting the enhanced brightness and coherence properties of X-rays.
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27
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Semeraro EF, Mandl J, Marx L, Narayanan T, Prévost S, Bergler H, Lohner K, Pabst G. Antimicrobial Peptides Impair Bacteria Cell Structures within Seconds. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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28
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Caremani M, Governali S, Reconditi M, Pinzauti F, Narayanan T, Stienen GJ, Linari M, Lombardi V, Piazzesi G. Modumodulation by Inotropic Interventions of the Regulatory State of the Cardiac Thick Filament in Diastole. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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29
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Amann M, Diget JS, Lyngsø J, Pedersen JS, Narayanan T, Lund R. Kinetic Pathways for Polyelectrolyte Coacervate Micelle Formation Revealed by Time-Resolved Synchrotron SAXS. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Amann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Stensgaard Diget
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeppe Lyngsø
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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30
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Jonsson GK, Ulama J, Persson RAX, Oskolkova MZ, Sztucki M, Narayanan T, Bergenholtz J. Stabilizing Colloidal Particles against Salting-out by Shortening Surface Grafts. Langmuir 2019; 35:11836-11842. [PMID: 31430161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A dramatic improvement is reported in the stability of colloidal particles when stabilizing surface grafts are systematically shortened from small polymers to single monomers. The colloidal dispersions consist of fluorinated latex particles, exhibiting a weak van der Waals attraction, with grafted steric layers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of different chain lengths. Using an effective salting-out electrolyte, Na2CO3, particle aggregates are detected above a threshold salt concentration that is independent of the particle concentration. The results are interpreted in terms of a sudden onset of nondispersibility of single particles, triggered by the solvent not completely wetting particle surfaces. By decreasing the PEG chain length, the threshold salt concentration is found to increase sharply. For grafts with just a single ethylene glycol group, dispersions remain stable up to exceedingly high concentrations of Na2CO3. However, on removal of the surface coverage altogether, the classical stability behavior of charge-stabilized dispersions is recovered. The behavior can be captured by a simple model that incorporates effective polymer-solvent interactions in the presence of an electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kristin Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Jeanette Ulama
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Rasmus A X Persson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Göteborg , Sweden
| | | | - Michael Sztucki
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220 , 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220 , 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Johan Bergenholtz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Gothenburg , SE-41296 Göteborg , Sweden
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31
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Sztucki M, Leonardon J, Van Vaerenbergh P, Gorini J, Boesecke P, Narayanan T. Development of a crystal collimation system for high-resolution ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering applications. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:439-444. [PMID: 30855253 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518016892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crystal collimation offers a viable alternative to the commonly used pinhole collimation in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for specific applications requiring highest angular resolution. This scheme is not affected by the parasitic scattering and diffraction-limited beam broadening. The Darwin width of the rocking curve of the crystals mainly defines the ultimate beam divergence. For this purpose, a dispersive Si-111 crystal collimation set-up based on two well conditioned pseudo channel-cut crystals (pairs of well polished, independent parallel crystals) using a higher-order reflection (Si-333) has been developed. The gain in resolution is obtained at the expense of flux. The system has been installed at the TRUSAXS beamline ID02 (ESRF) for reducing the horizontal beam divergence in high-resolution mesurements. The precise mechanics of the system allows reproducible alignment of the Bragg condition. The high resolution achieved at a sample-detector distance of 31 m is demonstrated by ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering measurements on a model system consisting of micrometre-sized polystyrene latex particles with low polydispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sztucki
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Joachim Leonardon
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Jacques Gorini
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Peter Boesecke
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Garcia Ovejero J, Fusi L, Park-Holohan SJ, Ghisleni A, Narayanan T, Irving M, Brunello E. The Off-To-On Transition of Thick Filaments in Isolated Trabeculae from Rat Heart Induced by Cooling. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Caremani M, Pinzauti F, Powers JD, Governali S, Narayanan T, Stienen GJM, Reconditi M, Linari M, Lombardi V, Piazzesi G. Inotropic interventions do not change the resting state of myosin motors during cardiac diastole. J Gen Physiol 2018; 151:53-65. [PMID: 30510036 PMCID: PMC6314382 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle is in its relaxed state, myosin motors are packed in helical tracks on the surface of the thick filament, folded toward the center of the sarcomere, and unable to bind actin or hydrolyze ATP (OFF state). This raises the question of whatthe mechanism is that integrates the Ca2+-dependent thin filament activation, making myosin heads available for interaction with actin. Here we test the interdependency of the thin and thick filament regulatory mechanisms in intact trabeculae from the rat heart. We record the x-ray diffraction signals that mark the state of the thick filament during inotropic interventions (increase in sarcomere length from 1.95 to 2.25 µm and addition of 10-7 M isoprenaline), which potentiate the twitch force developed by an electrically paced trabecula by up to twofold. During diastole, none of the signals related to the OFF state of the thick filament are significantly affected by these interventions, except the intensity of both myosin-binding protein C- and troponin-related meridional reflections, which reduce by 20% in the presence of isoprenaline. These results indicate that recruitment of myosin motors from their OFF state occurs independently and downstream from thin filament activation. This is in agreement with the recently discovered mechanism based on thick filament mechanosensing in which the number of motors available for interaction with actin rapidly adapts to the stress on the thick filament and thus to the loading conditions of the contraction. The gain of this positive feedback may be modulated by both sarcomere length and the degree of phosphorylation of myosin-binding protein C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ger J M Stienen
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Linari
- PhysioLab, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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Narayanan T, Sztucki M, Van Vaerenbergh P, Léonardon J, Gorini J, Claustre L, Sever F, Morse J, Boesecke P. A multipurpose instrument for time-resolved ultra-small-angle and coherent X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51:1511-1524. [PMID: 30546286 PMCID: PMC6276275 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718012748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the main technical features and performance of the upgraded beamline ID02 at the ESRF. The beamline combines different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in one unique instrument, enabling static and kinetic investigations from ångström to micrometre size scales and time resolution down to the sub-millisecond range. The main component of the instrument is an evacuated detector tube of length 34 m and diameter 2 m. Several different detectors are housed inside a motorized wagon that travels along a rail system, allowing an automated change of the sample-detector distance from about 1 to 31 m as well as selection of the desired detector. For optional combined wide-angle scattering measurements, a wide-angle detector is installed at the entrance cone of the tube. A scattering vector (of magnitude q) range of 0.002 ≤ q ≤ 50 nm-1 is covered with two sample-detector distances and a single-beam setting for an X-ray wavelength of 1 Å. In the high-resolution mode, two-dimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering patterns down to q < 0.001 nm-1 can be recorded, and the resulting one-dimensional profiles have superior quality as compared to those measured with an optimized Bonse-Hart instrument. In the highest-resolution mode, the beam is nearly coherent, thereby permitting multispeckle ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy measurements. The main applications of the instrument include the elucidation of static and transient hierarchical structures, and nonequilibrium dynamics in soft matter and biophysical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Franc Sever
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - John Morse
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
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Pal A, Zinn T, Kamal MA, Narayanan T, Schurtenberger P. Anomalous Dynamics of Magnetic Anisotropic Colloids Studied by XPCS. Small 2018; 14:e1802233. [PMID: 30102453 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The influence of an applied magnetic field on the collective dynamics of novel anisotropic colloidal particles whose shape resembles peanuts is reported. Being made up of hematite cores and silica shells, these micrometer-sized particles align in a direction perpendicular to the applied external magnetic field, and assemble into chains along the field direction. The anisotropic dynamics of these particles is investigated using multispeckle ultrasmall-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USA-XPCS). The results indicate that along the direction of the magnetic field, the particle dynamics strongly depends on the length scale probed. Here, the relaxation of the intermediate scattering function follows a compressed exponential behavior at large distances, while it appears diffusive at distances comparable or smaller than the particle size. Perpendicular to the applied field (and along the direction of gravity), the experimental data can be quantitatively reproduced by a combination of an advective term originating from sedimentation and a purely diffusive one that describes the thermal diffusion of the assembled chains and individual particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Pal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Mohammad Arif Kamal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Schurtenberger
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Zinn T, Homs A, Sharpnack L, Tinti G, Fröjdh E, Douissard PA, Kocsis M, Möller J, Chushkin Y, Narayanan T. Ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using the Eiger detector. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:1753-1759. [PMID: 30407186 PMCID: PMC6225738 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518013899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Successful implementation of the single-photon-counting Eiger 500k pixel array detector for sub-millisecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements in the ultra-small-angle scattering region is reported. The performance is demonstrated by measuring the dynamics of dilute silica colloids in aqueous solvents when the detector is operated at different counter depths, 4, 8 and 12 bit. In the fastest mode involving 4 bit parallel readout, a stable frame rate of 22 kHz is obtained that enabled measurement of intensity-intensity autocorrelation functions with good statistics down to the 50 µs range for a sample with sufficient scattering power. The high frame rate and spatial resolution together with large number of pixels of the detector facilitate the investigation of sub-millisecond dynamics over a broad length scale by multispeckle XPCS. This is illustrated by an example involving phoretic motion of colloids during the phase separation of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Zinn
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Homs
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - L. Sharpnack
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - G Tinti
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - E Fröjdh
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Kocsis
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - J. Möller
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Y. Chushkin
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - T. Narayanan
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence e-mail:
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Pinzauti F, Pertici I, Reconditi M, Narayanan T, Stienen GJM, Piazzesi G, Lombardi V, Linari M, Caremani M. The force and stiffness of myosin motors in the isometric twitch of a cardiac trabecula and the effect of the extracellular calcium concentration. J Physiol 2018; 596:2581-2596. [PMID: 29714038 PMCID: PMC6023834 DOI: 10.1113/jp275579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Fast sarcomere-level mechanics in intact trabeculae, which allows the definition of the mechano-kinetic properties of cardiac myosin in situ, is a fundamental tool not only for understanding the molecular mechanisms of heart performance and regulation, but also for investigating the mechanisms of the cardiomyopathy-causing mutations in the myosin and testing small molecules for therapeutic interventions. The approach has been applied to measure the stiffness and force of the myosin motor and the fraction of motors attached during isometric twitches of electrically paced trabeculae under different extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Although the average force of the cardiac myosin motor (∼6 pN) is similar to that of the fast myosin isoform of skeletal muscle, the stiffness (1.07 pN nm-1 ) is 2- to 3-fold smaller. The increase in the twitch force developed in the presence of larger extracellular Ca2+ concentrations is fully accounted for by a proportional increase in the number of attached motors. ABSTRACT The mechano-kinetic properties of the cardiac myosin were studied in situ, in trabeculae dissected from the right ventricle of the rat heart, by measuring the stiffness of the half-sarcomere both at the twitch force peak (Tp ) of an electrically paced intact trabecula at different extracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+ ]o ), and in the same trabecula after skinning and induction of rigor. Taking into account the contribution of filament compliance to half-sarcomere compliance and the lattice geometry, we found that the stiffness of the cardiac myosin motor is 1.07 ± 0.09 pN nm-1 , which is slightly larger than that of the slow myosin isoform of skeletal muscle (0.6-0.8 pN nm-1 ) and 2- to 3-fold smaller than that of the fast skeletal muscle isoform. The increase in Tp from 61 ± 4 kPa to 93 ± 9 kPa, induced by raising [Ca2+ ]o from 1 to 2.5 mm at sarcomere length ∼2.2 μm, is accompanied by an increase of the half-sarcomere stiffness that is explained by an increase of the fraction of actin-attached motors from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.12 ± 0.02, proportional to Tp . Consequently, each myosin motor bears an average force of 6.14 ± 0.52 pN independently of Tp and [Ca2+ ]o . The application of fast sarcomere-level mechanics to intact trabeculae to define the mechano-kinetic properties of the cardiac myosin in situ represents a powerful tool for investigating cardiomyopathy-causing mutations in the myosin motor and testing specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ger J. M. Stienen
- Department of PhysiologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Abstract
The evolution of interactions and dynamics of Janus colloidal particles suspended in quasi-binary liquid mixtures undergoing phase separation is presented. The experimental system consisted of silica-nickel Janus particles dispersed in mixtures of 3-methylpyridine, water, and heavy water. Colloidal microstructure and dynamics were probed by ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering and ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, respectively. The observed static and dynamic behaviors are significantly different from those found for Stöber silica colloids in this mixture. The Janus particles manifest a slow aggregation below the coexistence temperature and become strongly attractive upon phase separation of the solvent mixture. In the two-phase region, particles tend to display surfactant-like behavior with silica and nickel surfaces likely preferring water and 3-methylpyridine rich phases, respectively. While the onset of diffusiophoretic motion is evident in the dynamics, it is gradually suppressed by particle clustering at the investigated colloid volume fractions.
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Landman J, Ouhajji S, Prévost S, Narayanan T, Groenewold J, Philipse AP, Kegel WK, Petukhov AV. Inward growth by nucleation: Multiscale self-assembly of ordered membranes. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaat1817. [PMID: 29963633 PMCID: PMC6025906 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Striking morphological similarities found between superstructures of a wide variety of seemingly unrelated crystalline membrane systems hint at the existence of a common formation mechanism. Resembling systems such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes, bacterial protein shells, or peptide nanotubes, the self-assembly of SDS/β-cyclodextrin complexes leads to monodisperse multilamellar microtubes. We uncover the mechanism of this hierarchical self-assembly process by time-resolved small- and ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering. In particular, we show that symmetric crystalline bilayers bend into hollow cylinders as a consequence of membrane line tension and an anisotropic elastic modulus. Starting from single-walled microtubes, successive nucleation of new cylinders inside preexisting ones drives an inward growth. As both the driving forces that underlie the self-assembly behavior and the resulting morphologies are common to systems of ordered membranes, we believe that this formation mechanism has a similarly general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Landman
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Samia Ouhajji
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Groenewold
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Albert P. Philipse
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Willem K. Kegel
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andrei V. Petukhov
- Van ’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Semeraro EF, Devos JM, Narayanan T. Effective interactions and dynamics of small passive particles in an active bacterial medium. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:204905. [PMID: 29865804 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents an investigation of the interparticle interactions and dynamics of submicron silica colloids suspended in a bath of motile Escherichia coli bacteria. The colloidal microstructure and dynamics were probed by ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering and multi-speckles x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, respectively. Both static and hydrodynamic interactions were obtained for different colloid volume fractions and bacteria concentrations as well as when the interparticle interaction potential was modified by the motility buffer. Results suggest that motile bacteria reduce the effective attractive interactions between passive colloids and enhance their dynamics at high colloid volume fractions. The enhanced dynamics under different static interparticle interactions can be rationalized in terms of an effective viscosity of the medium and unified by means of an empirical effective temperature of the system. While the influence of swimming bacteria on the colloid dynamics is significantly lower for small particles, the role of motility buffer on the static and dynamic interactions becomes more pronounced.
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41
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Semeraro EF, Möller J, Narayanan T. Multiple-scattering effects in SAXS and XPCS measurements in the ultra-small-angle region. J Appl Crystallogr 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s160057671800417x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental study of the influence of multiple-scattering events on data acquired by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) techniques in the ultra-small-angle range is presented. Both techniques rely on the single-scattering assumption and any deviation may lead to erroneous interpretation of structural and dynamical results. Typical effects of multiple scattering on measured static and dynamic scattering from model colloidal suspensions are presented, and it is demonstrated that the same information content as in a single-scattering experiment can be extracted after applying appropriate corrections. The perturbations induced by multiple scattering on resolution, photon statistics and speckle visibility are evaluated and the required optimal experimental conditions are discussed. In many cases, multiple scattering might be tolerable to a certain extent, especially if any shortcomings are outweighed by beneficial effects from counting statistics, acquisition time and signal-to-background ratio. The presented study may help to optimize future experiments and serve as a guide for data evaluation for this type of system.
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Takahashi R, Narayanan T, Yusa SI, Sato T. Kinetics of Morphological Transition between Cylindrical and Spherical Micelles in a Mixture of Anionic–Neutral and Cationic–Neutral Block Copolymers Studied by Time-Resolved SAXS and USAXS. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Takahashi
- ESRF−The
European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku,
Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | | | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Mizuta R, Devos JM, Webster J, Ling WL, Narayanan T, Round A, Munnur D, Mossou E, Farahat AA, Boykin DW, Wilson WD, Neidle S, Schweins R, Rannou P, Haertlein M, Forsyth VT, Mitchell EP. Dynamic self-assembly of DNA minor groove-binding ligand DB921 into nanotubes triggered by an alkali halide. Nanoscale 2018; 10:5550-5558. [PMID: 29517086 PMCID: PMC5885265 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03875e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel self-assembling supramolecular nanotube system formed by a heterocyclic cationic molecule which was originally designed for its potential as an antiparasitic and DNA sequence recognition agent. Our structural characterisation work indicates that the nanotubes form via a hierarchical assembly mechanism that can be triggered and tuned by well-defined concentrations of simple alkali halide salts in water. The nanotubes assembled in NaCl have inner and outer diameters of ca. 22 nm and 26 nm respectively, with lengths that reach into several microns. Our results suggest the tubes consist of DB921 molecules stacked along the direction of the nanotube long axis. The tubes are stabilised by face-to-face π-π stacking and ionic interactions between the charged amidinium groups of the ligand and the negative halide ions. The assembly process of the nanotubes was followed using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. Our data demonstrate that assembly occurs through the formation of intermediate ribbon-like structures that in turn form helices that tighten and compact to form the final stable filament. This assembly process was tested using different alkali-metal salts, showing a strong preference for chloride or bromide anions and with little dependency on the type of cation. Our data further demonstrates the existence of a critical anion concentration above which the rate of self-assembly is greatly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mizuta
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - J M Devos
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Webster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - W L Ling
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Narayanan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - A Round
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France and Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - D Munnur
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France. and School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - E Mossou
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France and Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - A A Farahat
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA and Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - D W Boykin
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - W D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - S Neidle
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - R Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P Rannou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Haertlein
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - V T Forsyth
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France and Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - E P Mitchell
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France. and Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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Lombardi V, Pinzauti F, Caremani M, Powers J, Governali S, Reconditi M, Narayanan T, Stienen GJ, Linari M, Piazzesi G. The Off State of the Thick Filament of Cardiac Muscle is Not Affected by Inotropic Interventions Like the Increase in Diastolic Sarcomere Length or the Addition of a Beta-Adrenergic Effector. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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45
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Narayanan T. Probing the pathways of nanoscale self-assembly. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317082237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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46
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Semeraro EF, Devos JM, Porcar L, Forsyth VT, Narayanan T. In vivo analysis of the Escherichia coli ultrastructure by small-angle scattering. IUCrJ 2017; 4:751-757. [PMID: 29123677 PMCID: PMC5668860 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252517013008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The flagellated Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli is one of the most studied microorganisms. Despite extensive studies as a model prokaryotic cell, the ultrastructure of the cell envelope at the nanometre scale has not been fully elucidated. Here, a detailed structural analysis of the bacterium using a combination of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS, respectively) and ultra-SAXS (USAXS) methods is presented. A multiscale structural model has been derived by incorporating well established concepts in soft-matter science such as a core-shell colloid for the cell body, a multilayer membrane for the cell wall and self-avoiding polymer chains for the flagella. The structure of the cell envelope was resolved by constraining the model by five different contrasts from SAXS, and SANS at three contrast match points and full contrast. This allowed the determination of the membrane electron-density profile and the inter-membrane distances on a quantitative scale. The combination of USAXS and SAXS covers size scales from micrometres down to nanometres, enabling the structural elucidation of cells from the overall geometry down to organelles, thereby providing a powerful method for a non-invasive investigation of the ultrastructure. This approach may be applied for probing in vivo the effect of detergents, antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides on the bacterial cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - V. Trevor Forsyth
- Institut Laue–Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Life Sciences Department, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, England
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47
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Lim SH, Lee T, Oh Y, Narayanan T, Sung BJ, Choi SM. Hierarchically self-assembled hexagonal honeycomb and kagome superlattices of binary 1D colloids. Nat Commun 2017; 8:360. [PMID: 28842555 PMCID: PMC5572454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of binary nanoparticle superlattices has attracted attention for a broad spectrum of potential applications. However, this has remained challenging for one-dimensional nanoparticle systems. In this study, we investigate the packing behavior of one-dimensional nanoparticles of different diameters into a hexagonally packed cylindrical micellar system and demonstrate that binary one-dimensional nanoparticle superlattices of two different symmetries can be obtained by tuning particle diameter and mixing ratios. The hexagonal arrays of one-dimensional nanoparticles are embedded in the honeycomb lattices (for AB2 type) or kagome lattices (for AB3 type) of micellar cylinders. The maximization of free volume entropy is considered as the main driving force for the formation of superlattices, which is well supported by our theoretical free energy calculations. Our approach provides a route for fabricating binary one-dimensional nanoparticle superlattices and may be applicable for inorganic one-dimensional nanoparticle systems. Binary mixtures of 1D particles are rarely observed to cooperatively self-assemble into binary superlattices, as the particle types separate into phases. Here, the authors design a system that avoids phase separation, obtaining binary superlattices with different symmetries by simply tuning the particle diameter and mixture composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Lim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Choi
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Olivo G, Barbieri A, Dantignana V, Sessa F, Migliorati V, Monte M, Pascarelli S, Narayanan T, Lanzalunga O, Di Stefano S, D'Angelo P. Following a Chemical Reaction on the Millisecond Time Scale by Simultaneous X-ray and UV/Vis Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2958-2963. [PMID: 28605898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An innovative approach aimed at disclosing the mechanism of chemical reactions occurring in solution on the millisecond time scale is presented. Time-resolved energy dispersive X-ray absorption and UV/vis spectroscopies with millisecond resolution are used simultaneously to directly follow the evolution of both the oxidation state and the local structure of the metal center in an iron complex. Two redox reactions are studied, the former involving the transformation of FeII into two subsequent FeIII species and the latter involving the more complex FeII-FeIII-FeIV-FeIII sequence. The structural modifications occurring around the iron center are correlated to the reaction mechanisms. This combined approach has the potential to provide unique insights into reaction mechanisms in the liquid phase and represents a new powerful tool to characterize short-lived intermediates that are silent to common spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Olivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Barbieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Dantignana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Migliorati
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Manuel Monte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sakura Pascarelli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Theyencheri Narayanan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Istituto CNR di Metodologie Chimiche (IMC-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Paola D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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49
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Takahashi R, Matsumoto S, Fujii S, Narayanan T, Sakurai K. Frontispiz: Monitoring the Discontinuous Dodecamer-Icosamer Transition of a Calix[4]arene-Derived Surfactant by Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201782461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Takahashi
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron; 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38043 Grenoble France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Kitakyushu; 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 808-0135 Japan
| | - Sakiko Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Kitakyushu; 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 808-0135 Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Kitakyushu; 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 808-0135 Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Kitakyushu; 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 808-0135 Japan
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50
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Takahashi R, Matsumoto S, Fujii S, Narayanan T, Sakurai K. Frontispiece: Monitoring the Discontinuous Dodecamer-Icosamer Transition of a Calix[4]arene-Derived Surfactant by Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201782461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Takahashi
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron; 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38043 Grenoble France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Kitakyushu; 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 808-0135 Japan
| | - Sakiko Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Kitakyushu; 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 808-0135 Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Kitakyushu; 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 808-0135 Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Kitakyushu; 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu Fukuoka 808-0135 Japan
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